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Murata S, Takami M, Endo T, Hashizume H, Iwasaki H, Tsutsui S, Nagata K, Murakami K, Taiji R, Kozaki T, Heller JG, Yamada H. Using Electrical Stimulation of the Ulnar Nerve Trunk to Predict Postoperative Improvement in Hand Clumsiness in Patients With Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2023; 48:702-709. [PMID: 36730659 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A prospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the immediate and short-term effects of preoperative electrical peripheral nerve stimulation (ePNS) on performance of the 10-second test could predict the early postoperative outcomes of patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Previous studies have shown that early clinical improvement in CSM patients may be because of reversal of spinal cord ischemia after spinal cord compression. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a 10-second test before surgery, after ePNS, and at discharge (one week after surgery) in 44 patients with CSM who underwent C3-C7 laminoplasty and evaluated their correlations. The effects of the procedures (ePNS or operation) and sides (stimulated or nonstimulated side) for the 10-second test were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure the relationship between the 10-second test values according to the method (after ePNS vs. surgery). In addition, the Bland-Altman method was used to evaluate the degree of agreement between the 10-second test obtained after ePNS versus shortly after surgery. RESULTS The preoperative 10-second test showed the most improvement immediately after the administration of ePNS, with a gradual decrease for the first 30 minutes after completion. After the initial 30 minutes, performance decreased rapidly, and by 60 minutes performance essentially returned to baseline. The 10-second post-ePNS had a strong positive correlation with the 10-second test in the early postoperative period (at discharge=one week after surgery). These phenomena were observed with the left hand, the side stimulated with ePNS, as well as the right hand, the side not stimulated. CONCLUSIONS Early postoperative outcomes after CSM surgery may be predicted by the results of preoperative ePNS. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizumasa Murata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masanari Takami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Toru Endo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Endo Clinic, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hashizume
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shunji Tsutsui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Keiji Nagata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kimihide Murakami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Ryo Taiji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takuhei Kozaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - John G Heller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Emory Spine Center, Emory Muskuloskeletal Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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Ammendolia C, Côté P, Rampersaud YR, Southerst D, Schneider M, Ahmed A, Bombardier C, Hawker G, Budgell B. Effect of active TENS versus de-tuned TENS on walking capacity in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomized controlled trial. Chiropr Man Therap 2019; 27:24. [PMID: 31244992 PMCID: PMC6582553 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-019-0245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background context Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) leads to diminished blood flow to the spinal nerves causing neurogenic claudication and impaired walking ability. Animal studies have demonstrated increased blood flow to the spinal nerves and spinal cord with superficial para-spinal electrical stimulation of the skin. Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of active para-spinal transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) compared to de-tuned TENS applied while walking, on improving walking ability in LSS. Study design This was a two-arm double-blinded (participant and assessor) randomized controlled trial. Patient sample We recruited 104 participants 50 years of age or older with neurogenic claudication, imaging confirmed LSS and limited walking ability. Outcome measures The primary measure was walking distance measured by the self-paced walking test (SPWT) and the primary outcome was the difference in proportions among participants in both groups who achieved at least a 30% improvement in walking distance from baseline using relative risk with 95% confidence intervals. Methods The active TENS group (n = 49) received para-spinal TENS from L3-S1 at a frequency of 65-100 Hz modulated over 3-s intervals with a pulse width of 100-200 usec, and turned on 2 min before the start and maintained during the SPWT. The de-tuned TENS group (n = 51) received similarly applied TENS for 30 s followed by ramping down to zero stimulus and turned off before the start and during the SPWT.Study funded by The Arthritis Society ($365,000 CAN) and salary support for Carlo Ammendolia funded by the Canadian Chiropractic Research Foundation ($500,000 CAN over 5 years). Results From August 2014 to January 2016 a total of 640 potential participants were screened for eligibility; 106 were eligible and 104 were randomly allocated to active TENS or de-tuned TENS. Both groups showed significant improvement in walking distance but there was no significant difference between groups. The mean difference between active and de-tuned TENS groups was 46.9 m; 95% CI (- 118.4 to 212.1); P = 0.57. A total of 71% (35/49) of active TENS and 74% (38/51) of de-tuned TENS participants achieved at least 30% improvement in walking distance; relative risk (RR), 0.96; 95% CI, (0.7 to 1.2) P = 0.77. Conclusions Active TENS applied while walking is no better than de-tuned TENS for improving walking ability in patients with degenerative LSS and therefore should not be a recommended treatment in clinical practice. Registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02592642. Registration October 30, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Ammendolia
- 1Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 60 Murray Street, Rm L2-225, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3L9 Canada.,2Rebecca MacDonald Centre for Arthritis & Autoimmune Disease, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray Street, Rm L2-225, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3L9 Canada
| | - Pierre Côté
- 1Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 60 Murray Street, Rm L2-225, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3L9 Canada.,3Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,4UOIT-CMCC Centre for Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Y Raja Rampersaud
- Department of Orthopedics, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, 441, 1 East Wing, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8 Canada
| | - Danielle Southerst
- 6Occupational and Industrial Orthopaedic Centre, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, 63 Downing Street, New York, NY 10014 USA
| | - Michael Schneider
- 7Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, 100 Technology Drive, Suite 210, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Aksa Ahmed
- 2Rebecca MacDonald Centre for Arthritis & Autoimmune Disease, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray Street, Rm L2-225, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3L9 Canada
| | - Claire Bombardier
- 8Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Toronto, 190 Elizabeth Street, Suite RFE 3-805, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4 Canada.,9Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, P.O. Box 7, 60 Murray Street, Rm L2-008, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3L9 Canada
| | - Gillian Hawker
- 8Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Toronto, 190 Elizabeth Street, Suite RFE 3-805, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4 Canada.,9Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, P.O. Box 7, 60 Murray Street, Rm L2-008, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3L9 Canada
| | - Brian Budgell
- 10Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, 6100 Leslie Street, North York, Ontario M2H 3J1 Canada
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Paquette T, Jeffrey-Gauthier R, Leblond H, PichÉ M. Functional Neuroimaging of Nociceptive and Pain-Related Activity in the Spinal Cord and Brain: Insights From Neurovascular Coupling Studies. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1585-1595. [PMID: 29752872 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord and brain processes underlie pain perception, which produces systemic cardiovascular changes. In turn, the autonomic nervous system regulates vascular function in the spinal cord and brain in order to adapt to these systemic changes, while neuronal activity induces local vascular changes. Thus, autonomic regulation and pain processes in the brain and spinal cord are tightly linked and interrelated. The objective of this topical review is to discuss work on neurovascular coupling during nociceptive processing in order to highlight supporting evidence and limitations for the use of cerebral and spinal fMRI to investigate pain mechanisms and spinal nociceptive processes. Work on functional neuroimaging of pain is presented and discussed in relation to available neurovascular coupling studies and related issues. Perspectives on future work are also discussed with an emphasis on differences between the brain and the spinal cord and on different approaches that may be useful to improve current methods, data analyses and interpretation. In summary, this review highlights the lack of data on neurovascular coupling during nociceptive stimulation and indicates that hemodynamic and BOLD responses measured with fMRI may be biased by nonspecific vascular changes. Future neuroimaging studies on nociceptive and pain-related processes would gain further understanding of neurovascular coupling in the brain and spinal cord and should take into account the effects of systemic vascular changes that may affect hemodynamic responses. Anat Rec, 301:1585-1595, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Paquette
- Department of Chiropractic, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada.,CogNAC Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada.,Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Renaud Jeffrey-Gauthier
- Department of Chiropractic, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada.,CogNAC Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada.,Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Hugues Leblond
- CogNAC Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada.,Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu PichÉ
- Department of Chiropractic, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada.,CogNAC Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
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Hotta H, Watanabe N. Gentle Mechanical Skin Stimulation Inhibits Micturition Contractions via the Spinal Opioidergic System and by Decreasing Both Ascending and Descending Transmissions of the Micturition Reflex in the Spinal Cord. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135185. [PMID: 26252000 PMCID: PMC4529237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we found that gentle mechanical skin stimulation inhibits the micturition reflex in anesthetized rats. However, the central mechanisms underlying this inhibition have not been determined. This study aimed to clarify the central neural mechanisms underlying this inhibitory effect. In urethane-anesthetized rats, cutaneous stimuli were applied for 1 min to the skin of the perineum using an elastic polymer roller with a smooth, soft surface. Inhibition of rhythmic micturition contractions by perineal stimulation was abolished by naloxone, an antagonist of opioidergic receptors, administered into the intrathecal space of the lumbosacral spinal cord at doses of 2–20 μg but was not affected by the same doses of naloxone administered into the subarachnoid space of the cisterna magna. Next, we examined whether perineal rolling stimulation inhibited the descending and ascending limbs of the micturition reflex. Perineal rolling stimulation inhibited bladder contractions induced by electrical stimulation of the pontine micturition center (PMC) or the descending tract of the micturition reflex pathway. It also inhibited the bladder distension-induced increase in the blood flow of the dorsal cord at L5–S1, reflecting the neural activity of this area, as well as pelvic afferent-evoked field potentials in the dorsal commissure at the lumbosacral level; these areas contain long ascending neurons to the PMC. Neuronal activities in this center were also inhibited by the rolling stimulation. These results suggest that the perineal rolling stimulation activates the spinal opioidergic system and inhibits both ascending and descending transmissions of the micturition reflex pathway in the spinal cord. These inhibitions would lead to the shutting down of positive feedback between the bladder and the PMC, resulting in inhibition of the micturition reflex. Based on the central neural mechanisms we show here, gentle perineal stimulation may be applicable to several different types of overactive bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Hotta
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Nobuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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TENS augments blood flow in somatotopically linked spinal cord segments and mitigates compressive ischemia. Spinal Cord 2014; 52:744-8. [PMID: 25047054 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2014.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN This was an acute basic physiological study in anesthetized adult male rats. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine, in an animal model, whether innocuous somatic stimulation, in the form of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), could produce a sustained augmentation of spinal cord blood flow, and whether this effect was robust in the face of relatively mild, non-destructive compression of the spinal cord. SETTING Neurophysiology laboratory, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Canada. METHODS In anesthetized adult male Wistar rats, spinal cord blood flow was measured with laser Doppler flowmetry during 5- and 15-min epochs of TENS stimulation in uncompressed and compressed lumbar spinal cord. RESULTS TENS applied to the L4/L5 dermatomes was associated with augmentation of blood flow in somatotopically linked spinal cord segments. This augmentation was robust in the face of non-destructive compression of the spinal cord, was sustained for periods of stimulation up to 15 min and occurred in the absence of any change in the mean arterial blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS TENS augments spinal cord blood flow in the uncompressed spinal cord and during acute, non-destructive spinal cord compression. It remains to be seen whether similar results can be achieved in chronically compressed spinal cord and spinal nerve roots, and whether these results have clinical implications in human syndromes of spinal cord compression.
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Nakamura K, Uchiyama S, Ido Y, Itsubo T, Hayashi M, Murakami H, Sato N, Imaeda T, Kato H. The effect of vascular pedicle preservation on blood flow and clinical outcome following ulnar nerve transposition. J Hand Surg Am 2014; 39:291-302. [PMID: 24342259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of a technique to preserve the extrinsic vascular supply to the ulnar nerve after transposition and its effect on blood flow and clinical outcome. METHODS We included 36 patients with cubital tunnel syndrome. The patients were randomly selected to undergo vascular pedicles-sparing surgery for anterior ulnar nerve transposition (VP group) or nerve transposition and artery ligation (non-VP group). Blood flow to the ulnar nerve was estimated intraoperatively at 3 locations in the cubital tunnel before and after transposition using a laser Doppler flowmeter. Clinical results at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery were also compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS The blood flow before ulnar nerve transposition was not significantly different between the groups. Blood flow at all 3 locations after the ulnar nerve transposition was significantly higher in the VP group than in the non-VP group. Blood flow in the non-VP group reduced to values between 28% and 52% from the pre-transposition baseline values. After surgery, no significant differences were observed in the clinical results between the groups, except for the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores at 12 months after surgery, which was greater in the non-VP group. CONCLUSIONS The procedure of preserving the extrinsic vascular pedicles can prevent compromise of blood flow to the ulnar nerve immediately after nerve transposition. However, this procedure had no correlation to improved recovery of ulnar nerve function after surgery. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Division of Rehabilitation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuou-city, Japan.
| | - Shigeharu Uchiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Division of Rehabilitation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuou-city, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ido
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Division of Rehabilitation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuou-city, Japan
| | - Toshiro Itsubo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Division of Rehabilitation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuou-city, Japan
| | - Masanori Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Division of Rehabilitation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuou-city, Japan
| | - Hironori Murakami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Division of Rehabilitation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuou-city, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Sato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Division of Rehabilitation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuou-city, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Imaeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Division of Rehabilitation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuou-city, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Division of Rehabilitation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuou-city, Japan
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Maruyama K, Shimoju R, Ohkubo M, Maruyama H, Kurosawa M. Tactile skin stimulation increases dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens in rats. J Physiol Sci 2012; 62:259-66. [PMID: 22411566 PMCID: PMC10717409 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-012-0205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of mild (non-noxious) tactile stimulation (stroking) of skin on dopamine (DA) release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of rats. A coaxial microdialysis probe was stereotaxically implanted in the NAc and perfused with modified Ringer's solution. Dialysate output from consecutive 5-min periods was injected into a high-performance liquid chromatograph and DA was measured using an electrochemical detector. Bilateral tactile stimulation of the back for 5 min significantly increased DA release in conscious and anesthetized animals. Increased DA release was observed by stimulation of the contralateral, but not ipsilateral, back. DA secretion was also increased with stimulation of the forelimb, hindlimb, and abdomen. These effects were abolished after lesioning the ventral tegmental area (VTA). In contrast, noxious stimulation (pinching) of these areas had no effect on DA secretion. In conclusion, innocuous mechanical stimulation of the skin increases DA release in the contralateral NAc via the VTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Maruyama
- Center for Medical Science, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara, Tochigi 324-8501 Japan
- Present Address: Department of Rehabilitation, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2763 Japan
| | - Rie Shimoju
- Center for Medical Science, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara, Tochigi 324-8501 Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara, Tochigi 324-8501 Japan
| | - Masato Ohkubo
- Center for Medical Science, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara, Tochigi 324-8501 Japan
- Department of Tokyo Judo Therapy, Teikyo University of Science, Tokyo, 120-0045 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maruyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara, Tochigi 324-8501 Japan
| | - Mieko Kurosawa
- Center for Medical Science, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara, Tochigi 324-8501 Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara, Tochigi 324-8501 Japan
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Mizuno R, Watanabe S, Ohhashi T. NT-702, a selective phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, dilates rabbit spinal arterioles via endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent mechanisms. J Physiol Sci 2008; 58:229-37. [PMID: 18558016 DOI: 10.2170/physiolsci.rp003808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of NT-702, a selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3 inhibitor, on arterioles isolated from rabbit lumbar spinal cords. NT-702 caused a dose-dependent dilation of the isolated spinal arterioles. The disruption of endothelium produced a significant reduction of higher concentrations (10(-7) and 10(-6) M), but not lower concentrations (less than 10(-8) M), of NT-702-induced vasodilation. The NT-702-induced vasodilation of the arterioles with endothelium was not affected by pretreatment with an inhibitor of nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase, or cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase. In contrast, catalase reduced significantly the higher concentrations of NT-702-induced vasodilation only. Tetraethylammonium (TEA) completely reduced the lower concentrations of NT-702-induced vasodilation, but decreased only partially the higher concentrations of NT-702-induced vasodilation of the arterioles with endothelium. Hydrogen peroxide dilated significantly the isolated arterioles with endothelium, the response of which was reduced significantly by TEA. KT5720 (a selective protein kinase inhibitor) significantly decreased both the lower and higher concentrations of NT-702-induced vasodilation of the arterioles with endothelium. The findings suggest that NT-702 dose-dependently dilated the isolated spinal arterioles of rabbits via endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent mechanisms. Protein kinase A (PKA)- and TEA-sensitive K(+) channels may be involved in the NT-702-induced vasodilation. Moreover, hydrogen peroxide may contribute in part to the endothelium-dependent higher concentrations of NT-702-induced vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risuke Mizuno
- Department of Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621 Japan
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Toda H, Maruyama H, Budgell B, Kurosawa M. Responses of Dorsal Spinal Cord Blood Flow to Noxious Mechanical Stimulation of the Skin in Anesthetized Rats. J Physiol Sci 2008; 58:263-70. [DOI: 10.2170/physiolsci.rp005008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Kurosawa M, Toda H, Watanabe O, Budgell B. Contribution of supraspinal and spinal structures to the responses of dorsal spinal cord blood flow to innocuous cutaneous brushing in rats. Auton Neurosci 2007; 136:96-9. [PMID: 17507293 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2006] [Revised: 04/15/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Responses of dorsal spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) to innocuous mechanical cutaneous stimulation were investigated in anesthetized central nervous system intact (CNS-intact) and C2 spinalized rats. SCBF was recorded at the L4-L6 level with a laser Doppler flowmeter. SCBF increased with brushing of the ipsilateral proximal hindlimb and hindpaw, and there were no significant differences in the magnitudes of the responses in CNS-intact and spinalized animals. Brushing of the lower back had no effect on SCBF at the L4-L6 level in either cohort. Brushing stimulation produced no significant changes in systemic arterial blood pressure. The responses of SCBF to brushing in CNS-intact animals were diminished by pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine, an alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agent, but no such effects were seen in spinalized animals. These results indicate that innocuous mechanical cutaneous input can produce a segmentally-organized increase in regional SCBF, and that the responses are modulated, in part at least, by alpha-adrenergic receptors via supraspinal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieko Kurosawa
- Center for Medical Science, International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan.
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