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Marôco JL, Arrais I, Silvestre T, Pinto M, Laranjo S, Magalhães J, Santa-Clara H, Fernhall B, Melo X. Post-acute exercise cardiovagal modulation in older male adults with and without type 2 diabetes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1475-1486. [PMID: 38117338 PMCID: PMC11055715 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) disease- and age-related response at 10-and 60-min after an acute high-intensity interval (HIIE) and moderate continuous exercise (MICE) in older adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and healthy young adults. METHODS Twelve older male adults with (57-84 years) and without T2DM (57-76 years) and 12 healthy young male adults (20-40 years) completed an isocaloric acute bout of HIIE, MICE, and a non-exercise condition in a randomized order. Time and Wavelets-derived frequency domain indices of HRV and BRS were obtained in a supine position and offline over 2-min time-bins using Matlab. RESULTS HIIE but not MICE reduced natural logarithm root mean square of successive differences (Ln-RMSSD) (d = - 0.85; 95% CI - 1.15 to - 0.55 ms, p < 0.001), Ln-high-frequency power (d = - 1.60; 95% CI - 2.24 to - 0.97 ms2; p < 0.001), and BRS (d = - 6.32; 95% CI - 9.35 to - 3.29 ms/mmHg, p < 0.001) in adults without T2DM (averaged over young and older adults without T2DM), returning to baseline 60 min into recovery. These indices remained unchanged in older adults with T2DM after HIIE and MICE. Older adults with T2DM had lower resting Ln-RMSSD and BRS than aged-matched controls (Ln-RMSSD, d = - 0.71, 95% CI - 1.16 to - 0.262 ms, p = 0.001; BRS d = - 3.83 ms/mmHg), 95% CI - 6.90 to - 0.76, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Cardiovagal modulation following acute aerobic exercise is intensity-dependent only in adults without T2DM, and appears age-independent. These findings provide evidence of cardiac autonomic impairments in older adults with T2DM at rest and following aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Luís Marôco
- Integrative Human Physiology Laboratory, Manning College of Nursing & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, GCP Lab, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana-Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Inês Arrais
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, GCP Lab, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana-Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tiago Silvestre
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, GCP Lab, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marco Pinto
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, GCP Lab, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Laranjo
- Department of Physiology, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center. NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Magalhães
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana-Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Helena Santa-Clara
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, GCP Lab, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana-Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Bo Fernhall
- Integrative Human Physiology Laboratory, Manning College of Nursing & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xavier Melo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana-Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica, 2829-511, Almada, Portugal.
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Pichot V, Corbier C, Chouchou F, Barthélémy JC, Roche F. CVRanalysis: a free software for analyzing cardiac, vascular and respiratory interactions. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1224440. [PMID: 38250656 PMCID: PMC10797906 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1224440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Simultaneous beat-to-beat R-R intervals, blood pressure and respiration signals are routinely analyzed for the evaluation of autonomic cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory regulations for research or clinical purposes. The more recognized analyses are i) heart rate variability and cardiac coherence, which provides an evaluation of autonomic nervous system activity and more particularly parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic arms; ii) blood pressure variability which is mainly linked to sympathetic modulation and myogenic vascular function; iii) baroreflex sensitivity; iv) time-frequency analyses to identify fast modifications of autonomic activity; and more recently, v) time and frequency domain Granger causality analyses were introduced for assessing bidirectional causal links between each considered signal, thus allowing the scrutiny of many physiological regulatory mechanisms. Methods: These analyses are commonly applied in various populations and conditions, including mortality and morbidity predictions, cardiac and respiratory rehabilitation, training and overtraining, diabetes, autonomic status of newborns, anesthesia, or neurophysiological studies. Results: We developed CVRanalysis, a free software to analyze cardiac, vascular and respiratory interactions, with a friendly graphical interface designed to meet laboratory requirements. The main strength of CVRanalysis resides in its wide scope of applications: recordings can arise from beat-to-beat preprocessed data (R-R, systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure, respiration) or raw data (ECG, continuous blood pressure and respiratory waveforms). It has several tools for beat detection and correction, as well as setting of specific areas or events. In addition to the wide possibility of analyses cited above, the interface is also designed for easy study of large cohorts, including batch mode signal processing to avoid running repetitive operations. Results are displayed as figures or saved in text files that are easily employable in statistical softwares. Conclusion: CVRanalysis is freely available at this website: anslabtools.univ-st-etienne.fr. It has been developed using MATLAB® and works on Windows 64-bit operating systems. The software is a standalone application avoiding to have programming skills and to install MATLAB. The aims of this paper area are to describe the physiological, research and clinical contexts of CVRanalysis, to introduce the methodological approach of the different techniques used, and to show an overview of the software with the aid of screenshots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pichot
- SAINBIOSE U1059, Inserm, Saint-Etienne Jean-Monnet University, Clinical Physiology and Exercise, CHU of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Christophe Corbier
- LASPI EA3059, Saint-Etienne Jean-Monnet University, Roanne Technology University Institute, Roanne, France
| | - Florian Chouchou
- IRISSE EA4075, UFR SHE, University of La Réunion, Le Tampon, France
| | - Jean-Claude Barthélémy
- SAINBIOSE U1059, Inserm, Saint-Etienne Jean-Monnet University, Clinical Physiology and Exercise, CHU of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Frédéric Roche
- SAINBIOSE U1059, Inserm, Saint-Etienne Jean-Monnet University, Clinical Physiology and Exercise, CHU of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
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Oliver TE, Sánchez‐Hechavarría ME, Carrazana‐Escalona R, Blaha CA, Sinoway LI, Drew RC. Rapid adjustments to autonomic control of cardiac rhythm at the onset of isometric exercise in healthy young adults. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15616. [PMID: 36823959 PMCID: PMC9950538 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) influences on cardiac rhythm at the onset of exercise, a time of rapid autonomic adjustments, are clinically important areas of investigation. Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) involves time-frequency-based heart rate variability (HRV) analysis allowing investigation of autonomic influences on cardiac rhythm during short durations of exercise. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize SNS and PNS influences on cardiac rhythm at the onset of isometric exercise in healthy young adults. CWT analysis was retrospectively applied to R-R interval data (electrocardiogram) previously collected from 14 healthy young adults (26 ± 2 years) who performed 30-s, one-legged, isometric, calf exercise at 70% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC; 70% MVC trial) or rested (0% MVC trial). Absolute and normalized low-frequency (aLF, nLF; 0.04-0.15 Hz) and high-frequency (aHF, nHF; 0.15-0.4 Hz) bands and LF/HF were used to analyze one 30-s baseline period and six 5-s time windows during the 30-s exercise (70% MVC) or rest (0% MVC). Statistical analysis involved two-way analysis of variance with post-hoc analysis. aHF, aLF, LF/HF, nHF, and nLF displayed a trial-time interaction (all p ≤ 0.027). In the 70% compared to the 0% MVC trial, aHF and nHF were lower after 5-30 s (all p ≤ 0.040), aLF was lower after 20-30 s (all p ≤ 0.011) and LF/HF and nLF were higher after 5-20 s (all p ≤ 0.045). These results indicate the reduction of the PNS influence on cardiac rhythm begins sooner than the augmentation of the SNS influence at the onset of isometric exercise in healthy young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler E. Oliver
- Department of Exercise and Health SciencesUniversity of Massachusetts BostonBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Miguel E. Sánchez‐Hechavarría
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Católica de la Santísima ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Adventista de ChileChillánChile
| | - Ramón Carrazana‐Escalona
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Católica de la Santísima ConcepciónConcepciónChile
| | - Cheryl A. Blaha
- Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Penn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Lawrence I. Sinoway
- Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Penn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Rachel C. Drew
- Department of Exercise and Health SciencesUniversity of Massachusetts BostonBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Penn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
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Maroco JL, Pinto M, Laranjo S, Santa-Clara H, Fernhall B, Melo X. Cardiovagal modulation in young and older male adults following acute aerobic exercise. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:931-940. [PMID: 35508200 DOI: 10.1055/a-1843-7974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We compared response patterns of cardiovagal modulation through indices of heart-rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) at 10 and 60 min following an acute bout of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) in active young and older adults. Twelve young (aged 20-40 years) and older (aged 57-76 years) healthy and active male adults performed an isocaloric acute bout of HIIE, MICE, or a non-exercise condition in a randomized order. HRV and BRS indices were analysed offline with R-R intervals obtained from a supine position. HIIE decreased natural logarithm (Ln) standard deviation of NN intervals (d= -0.53; 95% CI: -0.77 to -0.30 ms, p<0.001), Ln-root mean square of successive differences (d= -0.85; 95% CI: -1.09 to -0.61 ms, p<0.001), Ln-high-frequency power (d= -1.60; 95% CI: -2.11 to -1.10 ms2; p<0.001), and BRS (d= -6.28; 95% CI: -8.91 to -3.64 ms/mmHg, p <0.001) following exercise in young and older adults, whereas MICE did not. Indices returned to baseline following 60 min. We found no evidence of age-associated response patterns in HRV or BRS to a single bout of HIIE or MICE in active participants. HIIE reduced cardiovagal modulation in active young and older adults, returning to baseline values 60 min into recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xavier Melo
- , Cruz Quebrada, Portugal.,, Lisboa, Portugal
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Fernandes LG, Seara FDAC. Heart rate variability for small animal veterinarians - A concise debate. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2021; 43:e003621. [PMID: 35749072 PMCID: PMC9179192 DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm003621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript aims to provide a simple and concise discussion on heart rate variability (HRV) for small animal veterinarians. Despite the fact that heart rate variability analysis techniques have been used for quite a long time in medical sciences, it seems to be not completely understood by a large fraction of veterinarian professionals, thereby, reducing the possible benefits to patients that could arise from such information. The analysis of the R-R intervals enables the veterinarian to evaluate autonomic sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation of the heart, composing the so-called cardiac autonomic balance. Several pathophysiological states lead to profound changes in autonomic balance, especially in the cardiovascular system. Therefore, heart rate variability methods remain a valuable and powerful tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Gonçalves Fernandes
- . Veterinarian, DSc., Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas,Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Campus Seropédica - RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence Luciano Gonçalves Fernandes Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ Rodovia BR 465, Km 7, Campus Universitário, Bairro Zona Rural CEP 23897-000 - Seropédica (RJ), Brasil E-mail:
| | - Fernando de Azevedo Cruz Seara
- . Veterinarian, DSc., Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas,Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Campus Seropédica - RJ, Brazil
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Struhal W, Mahringer C, Lahrmann H, Mörtl C, Buhl P, Huemer M, Ransmayr G. Heart Rate Spectra Confirm the Presence of Autonomic Dysfunction in Dementia Patients. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 54:657-67. [PMID: 27567816 PMCID: PMC5366248 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent data suggest autonomic dysfunction in patients suffering dementia. This study evaluated autonomic modulation in dementia patients with and without autonomic involvement, employing ECG spectral analysis in the time-frequency domain (wavelet transform) in supine resting and head-up tilt (HUT) position. Thirty-six patients were prospectively evaluated at the Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, General Hospital of the City of Linz, between 2009 and 2014. A standard cardiovascular autonomic test series (Ewing battery) was performed to screen for autonomic dysfunction. The Ewing battery diagnoses were used as reference standard and compared to the diagnostic results obtained by spectral analysis (time-frequency domain) of ECG recordings. Based on the Ewing battery results, 14 patients suffered autonomic dysfunction, while 22 did not. Time frequency domain was accessed by using the continuous wavelet transformation (CWT) with an analytical Morlet mother wavelet in supine resting and HUT position. Within each cohort the modification of spectral components from supine resting to HUT was analyzed reflecting the autonomic modulation. For patients without autonomic dysfunction, a significant increase of autonomic modulation was detected by wavelet transformed ECG recordings (8%, p < 0.05; low frequency content) during HUT compared to supine resting. There was no significant modulation between HUT and supine resting in patients suffering autonomic dysfunction. In dementia patients suffering autonomic dysfunction, CWT identified blunted autonomic regulation only by analysis of ECG recordings without the need to assess other biosignals or tests depending on the patient’s cooperation. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether CWT is a suitable method to support the standard Ewing battery in demented patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Struhal
- Department of Neurology 2, Kepler University Hospital, Med Campus III., Linz, Austria
| | - Christoph Mahringer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kepler University Hospital, Med Campus III., Linz, Austria.,Institute of Signal Processing, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Christoph Mörtl
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Kepler University Hospital, Med Campus III., Linz, Austria
| | - Peter Buhl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kepler University Hospital, Med Campus III., Linz, Austria
| | - Mario Huemer
- Institute of Signal Processing, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Ransmayr
- Department of Neurology 2, Kepler University Hospital, Med Campus III., Linz, Austria
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Mileva-Popova R, Stoynev N, Belova N. Applanation tonometry for evaluation of the haemodynamic response to the active orthostatic test. Artery Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artres.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Autonomic and cardiovascular effects of pentobarbital anesthesia during trigeminal stimulation in cats. Int J Oral Sci 2012; 4:24-9. [PMID: 22388694 PMCID: PMC3412660 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2012.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of the trigeminal nerve can elicit various cardiovascular and autonomic responses; however, the effects of anesthesia with pentobarbital sodium on these responses are unclear. Pentobarbital sodium was infused intravenously at a nominal rate and the lingual nerve was electrically stimulated at each infusion rate. Increases in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were evoked by lingual nerve stimulation at an infusion rate between 5 and 7 mg·kg−1·h−1. This response was associated with an increase in the low-frequency band of SBP variability (SBP-LF). As the infusion rate increased to 10 mg·kg−1·h−1 or more, decreases in SBP and HR were observed. This response was associated with the reduction of SBP-LF. In conclusion, lingual nerve stimulation has both sympathomimetic and sympathoinhibitory effects, depending on the depth of pentobarbital anesthesia. The reaction pattern seems to be closely related to the autonomic balance produced by pentobarbital anesthesia.
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Causes of autonomic dysfunction in idiopathic recurrent kidney stone formers. Int Urol Nephrol 2011; 44:873-82. [PMID: 21559789 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-011-9983-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A higher prevalence of hypertension and adverse cardiovascular outcomes has been reported in kidney stone formers (KSF). We performed this study with the purpose of evaluating the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity in KSF. METHODS We performed a 70° head-up tilt test in 30 idiopathic recurrent KSF aged 45.6 ± 12.1 years old (17 men: 13 women) and 30 healthy controls aged 42.0 ± 12.4 years old (17 women: 13 men). Thirteen KSF were hypertensive, and 17 were normotensive. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV) were used for the non-invasive assessment of the efferent activity of the ANS. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) was used to quantify the low-frequency (LF: 0.04-0.15 Hz) and high-frequency (HF: 0.15-0.4 Hz) components during several periods of tilt. RESULTS The results showed significantly higher HR and BP in KSF, in both supine and tilt positions. DWT revealed diminished HRV in the kidney stone patients during head-up tilt, with no increase in the LF and greater decrease in the HF components. The differences in the HF component of HRV were associated with obesity and hyperuricosuria, but the abnormalities of the LF component were independent of the explanatory variables. The LF component of systolic BP was significantly higher in KSF and was associated with hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Several factors may contribute to the presence of autonomic dysfunction in patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis. This abnormality has significant implications in cardiovascular risk assessment and treatment planning.
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Heart rate variability dynamics for the prognosis of cardiovascular risk. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17060. [PMID: 21386966 PMCID: PMC3046173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Statistical, spectral, multi-resolution and non-linear methods were applied to heart rate variability (HRV) series linked with classification schemes for the prognosis of cardiovascular risk. A total of 90 HRV records were analyzed: 45 from healthy subjects and 45 from cardiovascular risk patients. A total of 52 features from all the analysis methods were evaluated using standard two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (KS-test). The results of the statistical procedure provided input to multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural networks, radial basis function (RBF) neural networks and support vector machines (SVM) for data classification. These schemes showed high performances with both training and test sets and many combinations of features (with a maximum accuracy of 96.67%). Additionally, there was a strong consideration for breathing frequency as a relevant feature in the HRV analysis.
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Arterial Stiffness is a Relevant Marker of Cardiovascular Risk. ACTA MEDICA MARTINIANA 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/v10201-011-0017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Mizukoshi A, Kumagai K, Yamamoto N, Noguchi M, Yoshiuchi K, Kumano H, Yanagisawa Y. A novel methodology to evaluate health impacts caused by VOC exposures using real-time VOC and Holter monitors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2010; 7:4127-38. [PMID: 21317998 PMCID: PMC3037044 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph7124127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
While various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are known to show neurotoxic effects, the detailed mechanisms of the action of VOCs on the autonomic nervous system are not fully understood, partially because objective and quantitative measures to indicate neural abnormalities are still under development. Nevertheless, heart rate variability (HRV) has been recently proposed as an indicative measure of the autonomic effects. In this study, we used HRV as an indicative measure of the autonomic effects to relate their values to the personal concentrations of VOCs measured by a real-time VOC monitor. The measurements were conducted for 24 hours on seven healthy subjects under usual daily life conditions. The results showed HF powers were significantly decreased for six subjects when the changes of total volatile organic compound (TVOC) concentrations were large, indicating a suppression of parasympathetic nervous activity induced by the exposure to VOCs. The present study indicated these real-time monitoring was useful to characterize the trends of VOC exposures and their effects on autonomic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Mizukoshi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute, Nishigaoka, 3-13-10, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-8586, Japan
- Department of Environment Systems, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-no-ha 5-1-5, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8563, Japan; E-Mails: (M.N.); (Y.Y.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +81-4-7136-4712; Fax: +81-4-7136-4712
| | - Kazukiyo Kumagai
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804, USA; E-Mail:
- Research and Education Center of Carbon Resources, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasugakoen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Naomichi Yamamoto
- Environmental Engineering Program, Yale University, 9 Hillhouse Ave., New Haven, CT 06520, USA; E-Mail:
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Ichiban-cho 8, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8472, Japan
| | - Miyuki Noguchi
- Department of Environment Systems, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-no-ha 5-1-5, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8563, Japan; E-Mails: (M.N.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshiuchi
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Hiroaki Kumano
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Mikashima 2-579-15, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama 359-1192, Japan; E-Mail: (H.K.)
| | - Yukio Yanagisawa
- Department of Environment Systems, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-no-ha 5-1-5, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8563, Japan; E-Mails: (M.N.); (Y.Y.)
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Campana LM, Owens RL, Clifford GD, Pittman SD, Malhotra A. Phase-rectified signal averaging as a sensitive index of autonomic changes with aging. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 108:1668-73. [PMID: 20339014 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00013.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Standard heart rate variability (HRV) techniques have been questioned in the sleep and autonomic fields as imprecise measures of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. A new technique has emerged, known as phase-rectified signal averaging (PRSA). PRSA is used to quantify the quasi-periodic accelerations and decelerations in short-term heart rate, an effect that is normally masked by artifacts and noise. When applied to a signal of peak-to-peak (RR) time intervals, these quasiperiodicities can be used to estimate overall vagal activity, quantified as deceleration capacity (DC) and acceleration capacity (AC). We applied the PRSA analysis to a healthy cohort (ages 21-60 yr) enrolled in a clinical sleep trial, in which ECG data during wakefulness and sleep were available. We found that DC and AC were significantly attenuated with increasing age: a 0.27 ms/yr decrease in DC and a 0.29 ms/yr increase in AC (P<0.001). However, even in the older subjects, DC values were higher then previously found in people post-myocardial infarction. We also found a drop in percentage of normal-to-normal intervals where the current interval deviated>50 ms from the previous interval with age, with a decrease of 0.84%/yr. We did not find any differences between younger and older subjects with traditional HRV techniques, such as low-frequency or high-frequency power. Overall, the study provides normative PRSA data and suggests that PRSA is more sensitive than other HRV measurements. We propose that the decrease in DC and AC may be a sensitive marker for autonomic changes with aging. Further work will be required to determine whether the observed changes predict poorer cardiac health prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Campana
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, 44 Cummington St., Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Weippert M, Kumar M, Kreuzfeld S, Arndt D, Rieger A, Stoll R. Comparison of three mobile devices for measuring R-R intervals and heart rate variability: Polar S810i, Suunto t6 and an ambulatory ECG system. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 109:779-86. [PMID: 20225081 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1415-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The first aim of this study was to compare an ambulatory five-lead ECG system with the commercially available breast belt measuring devices; Polar S810i and Suunto t6, in terms of R-R interval measures and heart rate variability (HRV) indices. The second aim was to compare different HRV spectral analysis methods. Nineteen young males (aged between 22 and 31 years, median 24 years) underwent simultaneous R-R interval recordings with the three instruments during supine and sitting rest, moderate dynamic, and moderate to vigorous static exercise of the upper and lower limb. For each subject, 17 R-R interval series of 3-min length were extracted from the whole recordings and then analyzed in frequency domain using (1) a fast Fourier transform (FFT), (2) an autoregressive model (AR), (3) a Welch periodogram (WP) and (4) a continuous wavelet transform (CWT). Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman limits of agreement (LoA) method served as criteria for measurement agreement. Regarding the R-R interval recordings, ICC (lower ICC 95% confidence interval >0.99) as well as LoA (maximum LoA: -15.1 to 14.3 ms for ECG vs. Polar) showed an excellent agreement between all devices. Therefore, the three instruments may be used interchangeably in recording and interpolation of R-R intervals. ICCs for HRV frequency parameters were also high, but in most cases LoA analysis revealed unacceptable discrepancies between the instruments. The agreement among the different frequency transform methods can be taken for granted when analyzing the normalized power in low and high frequency ranges; however, not when analyzing the absolute values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Weippert
- Institute for Preventive Medicine, University of Rostock, St.-Georg-Str. 108, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
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Jeanne M, Logier R, De Jonckheere J, Tavernier B. Heart rate variability during total intravenous anesthesia: Effects of nociception and analgesia. Auton Neurosci 2009; 147:91-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2009.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 12/31/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Alcaraz R, Rieta JJ. Wavelet bidomain sample entropy analysis to predict spontaneous termination of atrial fibrillation. Physiol Meas 2008; 29:65-80. [DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/29/1/005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Using Mathematical Models to Improve the Utility of Quantitative ICU Data. Intensive Care Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-49518-7_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yamabe M, Sanyal SN, Miyamoto S, Hadama T, Isomoto S, Ono K. Three different bradycardic agents, zatebradine, diltiazem and propranolol, distinctly modify heart rate variability and QT-interval variability. Pharmacology 2007; 80:293-303. [PMID: 17690562 DOI: 10.1159/000107103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2006] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zatebradine, diltiazem and propranolol are all antiarrhythmic agents, and all induce bradycardia, but each is known to have a different initial molecular mechanism: zatebradine is a channel blocker of the hyperpolarization-activated inward current (I(f)); diltiazem is a blocker of the L-type Ca(2+) channel (I(CaL)), and propranolol is a beta-blocker. To further investigate the mechanisms underlying their clinical effects, we studied their effects on heart rate variability (HRV) and QT-interval variability (QTV). To this end, guinea pigs were treated with either zatebradine (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.), diltiazem (40 mg/kg, i.p.) or propranolol (20 mg/kg, i.p.). A dose of each agent that decreased HR by 20-22% was used in this study. HRV and QTV were analyzed by a fast Fourier and/or a wavelet transform algorithm. Zatebradine, an I(f) channel blocker, had no significant effect on HRV and QTV. Diltiazem, a non-dihydropyridine I(CaL) blocker, increased high frequency (HF) power and decreased the power ratio of the low frequency (LF) range to the HF range (L/H) in HRV, and increased QTV. Propranolol, a non-selective beta-antagonist, decreased LF power and L/H ratios in HRV, and appreciably reduced QTV. These differences in pharmacological action may help us better understand the antiarrhythmic and/or proarrhythmic actions of these agents when they are used clinically for reducing HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Yamabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Oita University School of Medicine, Oita, Japan
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Stewart JM, Taneja I, Goligorsky MS, Medow MS. Noninvasive measure of microvascular nitric oxide function in humans using very low-frequency cutaneous laser Doppler flow spectra. Microcirculation 2007; 14:169-80. [PMID: 17454670 PMCID: PMC4513357 DOI: 10.1080/10739680601139179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While higher frequency oscillations (0.021-0.6 Hz) in cutaneous blood flow measured by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) relate to oscillations in blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity, very low-frequency oscillations (VLF, 0.0095-0.021 Hz) do not. The authors investigated whether VLF LDF power is nitric oxide (NO) specific. METHODS LDF combined with intradermal microdialysis was used in the calves of 22 healthy volunteers aged 19-27 years. LDF power spectral analysis was performed by windowed fast Fourier transform. The authors tested whether the NO synthesis inhibitor nitro-l-arginine (NLA) produced selective decreases in VLF power before and after stimulation with acetylcholine. RESULTS NLA alone did not alter total power but selectively reduced VLF power by approximately 50%. LDF and spectral power increased markedly across all spectra with acetylcholine. This increase was blunted by NLA, which selectively reduced VLF power by approximately 50%. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that VLF oscillations in the laser Doppler signal are NO dependent, increase with cholinergic stimulation, and have potential as a noninvasive marker for NO-dependent microvascular reactivity.
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Ducla-Soares JL, Santos-Bento M, Laranjo S, Andrade A, Ducla-Soares E, Boto JP, Silva-Carvalho L, Rocha I. Wavelet analysis of autonomic outflow of normal subjects on head-up tilt, cold pressor test, Valsalva manoeuvre and deep breathing. Exp Physiol 2007; 92:677-86. [PMID: 17468200 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2007.038026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive autonomic evaluation has used fast Fourier transform (FFT) to assign a range of low (LF) and high frequencies (HF) as markers of sympathetic and parasympathetic influences, respectively. However, FFT cannot be applied to brief transient phenomena, such as those observed on performing autonomic tests where the acute changes of cardiovascular signals (blood pressure and heart rate) that represent the first and most important stage of the autonomic performance towards a new state of equilibrium occur. Wavelet analysis has been proposed as a method to overcome and complement information taken exclusively in the frequency domain. With discrete wavelet transform (DWT), a time-frequency analysis can be done, allowing the visualization in time of the contribution of LF and HF to the observed changes of a particular signal. In this study, we evaluate with wavelets the acute changes in R-R intervals and systolic blood pressure that are observed in normal subjects during four classical autonomic tests: head-up tilt (HUT), cold pressor test (CPT), deep breathing (DB) and Valsalva manoeuvre (VM). Continuous monitoring of ECG and blood presure was performed. Also LF, HF and LF/HF were calculated. Consistent with previous interpretations, data showed an increase of sympathetic activity in HUT, CPT and VM. On DB, results reflected an increase in parasympathetic activity and frequencies. In conclusion, when compared with FFT, wavelet analysis allows the evaluation of autonomic variability during short and non-stationary periods of time and may constitute a useful advance in the assessment of autonomic function in both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ducla-Soares
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Lisbon, Avenue Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
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