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Gomes LTDC, de Sena MO, Dantas PB, Barbosa AIDS, Holanda VAD, Oliveira JIN, Gavioli EC, da Silva Junior ED. Smooth muscle contraction of the fundus of stomach, duodenum and bladder from mice exposed to a stress-based model of depression. Physiol Behav 2023; 272:114374. [PMID: 37806511 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Several reports have demonstrated that depressive disorder is related to somatic symptoms including gastrointestinal or genitourinary alterations. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the gastrointestinal or genitourinary alterations associated with the depression are still not fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the motor activity of gastrointestinal (fundus of stomach and duodenum) and genitourinary tract (bladder) in a stress-based animal model of depression. Adult male mice were submitted to uncontrollable and unpredictable stress (learned helplessness model), controllable stress and non-stressful situations (control). Then, animals were euthanized and the fundus of stomach, duodenum segments or whole bladder were isolated and mounted in a standard organ bath preparation. We evaluated the contractile effects induced by KCl 80 mM for 5 min or carbachol (acetylcholine receptor agonist). The relaxant effects of isoproterenol (β-adrenoceptor agonist) were also checked. Animals submitted to the learned helplessness model developed a helpless (depressive-like behavior) or resilient (does not exhibit depressive-like behavior) phenotype. The contractions induced by carbachol were diminished in fundus of stomach isolated from helpless and resilient animals. The isoproterenol-induced fundus of stomach relaxation was reduced in resilient but not helpless mice. The contractions/relaxation of duodenum segments isolated from helpless or resilient animals were not altered. Both helpless and resilient animals showed an increase in the bladder contractions induced by carbachol while the relaxant effects of isoproterenol were reduced when compared to control. Conversely, mice underwent a controllable stress situation did not exhibit alterations in the fundus of stomach or duodenum contraction/relaxation induced by pharmacological agents although a decrease in the bladder contraction induced by carbachol was found. In conclusion, incontrollable and unpredictable stress and not depressive phenotype (helpless animals) or controllable stress could be related to the alterations in motor activity of the fundus of stomach and bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Talinne da Costa Gomes
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Maele Oliveira de Sena
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Pedro Brüch Dantas
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Aldemara Ingrid da Silva Barbosa
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Victor Anastácio Duarte Holanda
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Jonas Ivan Nobre Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina Gavioli
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Edilson Dantas da Silva Junior
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil.
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Razzak AN, Orlando NA, Angelette A, Kumar V, Anderson DJ, Hasoon J, Viswanath O, Kaye AD, Fitz-Gerald JS, Khater N, Urits I. Rare Mental Health Disorders Affecting Urologic Care: A Comprehensive Review. Health Psychol Res 2022; 10:38674. [PMID: 36628123 PMCID: PMC9820860 DOI: 10.52965/001c.38674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of mental health illnesses and needs are important in fostering psychosocial support, interprofessional coordination, and greater adherence to treatment protocols in the field of urology. This can be especially true for mental health conditions that may greatly impact the presentation of a patient in the healthcare setting with urologic symptoms. This review describes the history, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety disorder, compulsive sexual behavior/hypersexuality, factitious disorder, malingering symptoms, and conversion disorder in the realm of urology. Given the newly updated psychiatric diagnoses in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, there has been a lack of studies reviewing how these illnesses may present in a urology patient encounter. Additionally, as these mental health illnesses may carry a rare incidence compared to other well-known mental health illness such as generalized depression or generalized anxiety disorder, we have found that the lack of provisions and recognition of the diseases can prolong the timeline for diagnosis and lead to an increased cost in both healthcare and quality of life of patients with these mental health illnesses. This review provides awareness on these mental health conditions which may greatly impact patient history and presentation within the field of urology. Additionally, urologic care providers may have an improved understanding of interdisciplinary management of such illnesses and the common symptoms patients may present with such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California Irvine
| | | | - Jamal Hasoon
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Omar Viswanath
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Valley Anesthesiology and Pain Consultants, Envision Physician Services; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine; Department of Anesthesiology, Creighton University School of Medicine
| | - Alan D. Kaye
- Department of AnesthesiologyLouisiana State University Health
| | | | - Nazih Khater
- Department of UrologyLouisiana State University Health
| | - Ivan Urits
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport
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Wang W, Wang Y, Guo Q, Li H, Wang Z, Li J, Li T, Tang T, Wang Y, Jia Y, Wang Y, Zou J, Shi Y, Guo D, Yang M, Zhang X, Sun J. Valerian essential oil for treating insomnia via the serotonergic synapse pathway. Front Nutr 2022; 9:927434. [PMID: 35990355 PMCID: PMC9387164 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.927434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Valerian volatile oil can be used in the treatment of insomnia; however, the active components and mechanisms of action are currently unclear. Therefore, we used transcriptome sequencing and weight coefficient network pharmacology to predict the effective components and mechanism of action of valerian volatile oil in an insomnia model induced by intraperitoneal injection of para-Chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) in SD rats. Valerian essential oil was given orally for treatment and the contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1 A (5-HT1AR), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and protein kinase A (PKA) in the hippocampus of rats in each group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that after treatment with valerian essential oil, insomnia rats showed significantly prolonged sleep duration and alleviated insomnia-induced tension and anxiety. Regarding the mechanism of action, we believe that caryophyllene in valerian essential oil upregulates the 5-HT1AR receptor to improve the activity or affinity of the central transmitter 5-HT, increase the release of 5-HT, couple 5-HT with a G protein coupled receptor, convert adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into cAMP (catalyzed by ADCY5), and then directly regulate the downstream pathway. Following pathway activation, we propose that the core gene protein kinase PKA activates the serotonergic synapse signal pathway to increase the expression of 5-HT and GABA, thus improving insomnia symptoms and alleviating anxiety. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of valerian volatile oil in health food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yichun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Qiuting Guo
- Xianyang Vocational Technical College, College of Pharmacy, Xianyang, China
| | - Huiting Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Wang
- Shaanxi Haitian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xianyang, China
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Taotao Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Tiantian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yanzhuo Jia
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Junbo Zou
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Dongyan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Xianyang Vocational Technical College, College of Pharmacy, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
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Selvi I, Dönmez Mİ, Ziylan O, Oktar T. Urodynamically proven lower urinary tract dysfunction in children after COVID-19: A case series. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2022; 14:301-304. [PMID: 35293147 PMCID: PMC9115155 DOI: 10.1111/luts.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CASE Since the declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic, other unexpected symptoms related to the infection besides the respiratory system have been reported. Although a few case reports have revealed that adult patients with COVID-19 also complained of urinary frequency and nocturia, the exact pathophysiology is still unclear. In this case series, we present three children aged 14 to 17 years with urodynamically proven lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) following COVID-19. OUTCOME None of the patients had constipation or bowel disorder before the diagnosis of COVID-19. In addition, neurological examination and related imaging revealed no signs of etiological factors. The median time from diagnosis of COVID-19 infection to the onset of lower urinary tract symptoms was 3 months. Incomplete bladder emptying/urinary retention supported by increased bladder compliance, high post-micturition residual urine volumes, and absence of detrusor pressure increase during the voiding phase in the pressure flow study (acontractile detrusor in two patients and hypocontractile detrusor in one patient) were observed. CONCLUSION We observed that LUTD (eg, incomplete bladder emptying, urinary retention) can be prominent some time after the diagnosis of COVID-19. Even though psychogenic or neurogenic causes may not be excluded completely, clinicians should be aware of a recent COVID-19 infection in children with sudden-onset LUTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Selvi
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammet İrfan Dönmez
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Orhan Ziylan
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Oktar
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Urology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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