1
|
Akama-Garren EH, Carroll MC. Lupus Susceptibility Loci Predispose Mice to Clonal Lymphocytic Responses and Myeloid Expansion. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2403-2424. [PMID: 35477687 PMCID: PMC9254690 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Lupus susceptibility results from the combined effects of numerous genetic loci, but the contribution of these loci to disease pathogenesis has been difficult to study due to the large cellular heterogeneity of the autoimmune immune response. We performed single-cell RNA, BCR, and TCR sequencing of splenocytes from mice with multiple polymorphic lupus susceptibility loci. We not only observed lymphocyte and myeloid expansion, but we also characterized changes in subset frequencies and gene expression, such as decreased CD8 and marginal zone B cells and increased Fcrl5- and Cd5l-expressing macrophages. Clonotypic analyses revealed expansion of B and CD4 clones, and TCR repertoires from lupus-prone mice were distinguishable by algorithmic specificity prediction and unsupervised machine learning classification. Myeloid differential gene expression, metabolism, and altered ligand-receptor interaction were associated with decreased Ag presentation. This dataset provides novel mechanistic insight into the pathophysiology of a spontaneous model of lupus, highlighting potential therapeutic targets for autoantibody-mediated disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elliot H Akama-Garren
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael C Carroll
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li W, Sivakumar R, Titov AA, Choi SC, Morel L. Metabolic Factors that Contribute to Lupus Pathogenesis. Crit Rev Immunol 2017; 36:75-98. [PMID: 27480903 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2016017164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which organ damage is mediated by pathogenic autoantibodies directed against nucleic acids and protein complexes. Studies in SLE patients and in mouse models of lupus have implicated virtually every cell type in the immune system in the induction or amplification of the autoimmune response as well as the promotion of an inflammatory environment that aggravates tissue injury. Here, we review the contribution of CD4+ T cells, B cells, and myeloid cells to lupus pathogenesis and then discuss alterations in the metabolism of these cells that may contribute to disease, given the recent advances in the field of immunometabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Ramya Sivakumar
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Anton A Titov
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Seung-Chul Choi
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jain S, Bose A, Bastia B, Sharma H, Sachdeva R, Jain AK, Pal R. Oxidized Hemoglobin Is Antigenic and Immunogenic in Lupus. Front Immunol 2017; 8:732. [PMID: 28694810 PMCID: PMC5483465 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemolysis-associated anemia is characteristic of diseases such as atherosclerosis, lupus, malaria, and leishmaniasis; the toxic effects of free hemoglobin (Hb) have been extensively described. This study was based on the premise that release of this sequestered, inflammatory molecule can result in deleterious immunological consequences, particularly in the context of pre-existing lupus. IgG anti-Hb responses were detected in the sera of lupus patients. Lupus-prone mice exhibited heightened plasma Hb levels, and ferric (Fe3+) Hb triggered preferential release of lupus-associated cytokines from splenocytes derived from aging lupus-prone mice. Anti-Hb B cell precursor frequencies were heightened in such mice, which also expressed increased titers of anti-Hb antibodies in serum and in kidney eluates. Fe3+ Hb preferentially increased the functional maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from lupus-prone mice, effects abrogated upon the inhibition of Stat3. Hb interacted with lupus-associated autoantigens extruded during apoptosis and coincubation of Hb and apoptotic blebs had additional maturation-inducing effects on lupus BMDCs. Immunization with Hb in lupus-prone mice induced antigen spreading to lupus-associated moieties; Hb-interacting autoantigens were preferentially targeted and increased complement deposition and glomerulosclerosis were observed. Hb therefore demonstrates both antigenicity and immunogenicity and triggers specific immuno-pathological effects in a lupus milieu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Jain
- Immunoendocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjali Bose
- Immunoendocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Banajit Bastia
- Division of Electron Microscopy, National Institute of Pathology-ICMR, New Delhi, India
| | - Hritika Sharma
- Immunoendocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruchi Sachdeva
- Immunoendocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Arun K Jain
- Division of Electron Microscopy, National Institute of Pathology-ICMR, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Pal
- Immunoendocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao S, Gong Y, Ji J, Yuan L, Han L, Guo Y, Fan X, Hou Y, Hua C. A new benzenediamine derivative modulates Toll-like receptors-induced myeloid dendritic cells activation and ameliorates lupus-like syndrome in MRLlpr/lpr mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 803:94-102. [PMID: 28342978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Modulators of the over-activation of myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have an advantage in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study was designed to evaluate the effects of FC-99, a novel benzenediamine derivative, on TLR-induced activation of mDCs, and to assess the efficacy of FC-99 in a murine model of SLE. In vitro, FC-99 inhibited the phenotypic (CD40 and MHC-II) and functional activation (IL-12 and CXCL10) of mDCs induced by TLR ligands. In vivo, MRLlpr/lpr mice displayed renal diseases associated with increased levels of proteinuria and immunoglobulin, which were ameliorated by FC-99. Enhanced accumulation and activation of mDCs in lymphoid organs was also impaired by FC-99. Additionally, FC-99 inhibited the activation of IκB-α and upregulated the expression of TNFα-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that FC-99 modulates TLR-induced activation of mDCs and ameliorates lupus-like syndrome in MRLlpr/lpr mice. This effect is closely associated with the inhibition of IκB-α and upregulation of TNFAIP3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Gao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yongsheng Gong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianjian Ji
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Linbo Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liping Han
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yimin Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaofang Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Chunyan Hua
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ruan GP, Yao X, Liu JF, He J, Li ZA, Yang JY, Pang RQ, Pan XH. Establishing a tree shrew model of systemic lupus erythematosus and cell transplantation treatment. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:121. [PMID: 27558022 PMCID: PMC4995612 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The establishment of a tree shrew model for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) provides a new method to evaluate the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. METHODS Eighty tree shrews were randomly divided into four groups receiving either an intraperitoneal injection of pristane, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or pristane and LPS, or no injection. Three weeks after injection, the SLE model tree shrews were divided into the model group and the treatment group. Tree shrews in the treatment group and the normal control group were infused with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs). The cells were labeled with DiR. Two weeks after transplantation, three groups of tree shrews were analyzed for urine protein, serum antinuclear antibodies and antiphospholipid, and inflammatory cytokine antibody microarray detection. The heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney were collected from the three groups and subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and detection of renal immune complex deposition. RESULTS HE staining indicated pathology in the model group. Red fluorescence revealed immune complex deposition in the kidneys from the model group. CONCLUSIONS The combined intraperitoneal injection of pristane and LPS is the best way to induce SLE pathological changes. The pathological changes improved after UC-MSC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Ping Ruan
- The Cell Biological Therapy Center, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China. .,Stem Cells and Immune Cells Biomedical Techniques Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Regions (Yunnan Province), Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China. .,Cell Therapy Technology Transfer Medical Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiang Yao
- The Cell Biological Therapy Center, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China.,Stem Cells and Immune Cells Biomedical Techniques Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Regions (Yunnan Province), Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China.,Cell Therapy Technology Transfer Medical Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju-Fen Liu
- The Cell Biological Therapy Center, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China.,Stem Cells and Immune Cells Biomedical Techniques Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Regions (Yunnan Province), Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China.,Cell Therapy Technology Transfer Medical Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie He
- The Cell Biological Therapy Center, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China.,Stem Cells and Immune Cells Biomedical Techniques Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Regions (Yunnan Province), Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China.,Cell Therapy Technology Transfer Medical Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-An Li
- The Cell Biological Therapy Center, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China.,Stem Cells and Immune Cells Biomedical Techniques Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Regions (Yunnan Province), Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China.,Cell Therapy Technology Transfer Medical Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Yong Yang
- The Cell Biological Therapy Center, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China.,Stem Cells and Immune Cells Biomedical Techniques Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Regions (Yunnan Province), Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China.,Cell Therapy Technology Transfer Medical Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Qing Pang
- The Cell Biological Therapy Center, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China.,Stem Cells and Immune Cells Biomedical Techniques Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Regions (Yunnan Province), Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China.,Cell Therapy Technology Transfer Medical Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Hua Pan
- The Cell Biological Therapy Center, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China. .,Stem Cells and Immune Cells Biomedical Techniques Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Regions (Yunnan Province), Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China. .,Cell Therapy Technology Transfer Medical Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao D, Plotnikoff N, Griffin N, Song T, Shan F. Methionine enkephalin, its role in immunoregulation and cancer therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 37:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
7
|
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a rare, severe, multisystem autoimmune disorder. Childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) follows a more aggressive course with greater associated morbidity and mortality than adult-onset SLE. Its aetiology is yet to be fully elucidated. It is recognised to be the archetypal systemic autoimmune disease, arising from a complex interaction between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Its complexity is reflected by the fact that there has been only one new drug licensed for use in SLE in the last 50 years. However, biologic agents that specifically target aspects of the immune system are emerging. Immunosuppression remains the cornerstone of medical management, with glucocorticoids still playing a leading role. Treatment choices are led by disease severity. Immunosuppressants, including azathioprine and methotrexate, are used in mild to moderate manifestations. Mycophenolate mofetil is widely used for lupus nephritis. Cyclophosphamide remains the first-line treatment for patients with severe organ disease. No biologic therapies have yet been approved for cSLE, although they are being used increasingly as part of routine care of patients with severe lupus nephritis or with neurological and/or haematological involvement. Drugs influencing B cell survival, including belimumab and rituximab, are currently undergoing clinical trials in cSLE. Hydroxychloroquine is indicated for disease manifestations of all severities and can be used as monotherapy in mild disease. However, the management of cSLE is hampered by the lack of a robust evidence base. To date, it has been principally guided by best-practice guidelines, retrospective case series and adapted adult protocols. In this pharmacological review, we provide an overview of current practice for the management of cSLE, together with recent advances in new therapies, including biologic agents.
Collapse
|
8
|
Carvalheiro T, Gomes D, Pinto LA, Inês L, Lopes A, Henriques A, Pedreiro S, Martinho A, Trindade H, Young HA, da Silva JAP, Paiva A. Sera from patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus patients enhance the toll-like receptor 4 response in monocyte subsets. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2015; 12:38. [PMID: 26038677 PMCID: PMC4451730 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an auto-immune disease whose complex pathogenesis remains unraveled. Here we aim to explore the inflammatory ability of SLE patients’ sera upon peripheral blood (PB) monocyte subsets and myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) obtained from healthy donors. Methods In this study we included 11 SLE patients with active disease (ASLE), 11 with inactive disease (ISLE) and 10 healthy controls (HC). PB from healthy donors was stimulated with patients’ sera, toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 ligand – lipopolysaccharide or both. The intracellular production of TNF-α was evaluated in classical, non-classical monocytes and mDCs, using flow cytometry. TNF-α mRNA expression was assessed in all these purified cells, after sera treatment. Results We found that sera of SLE patients did not change spontaneous TNF-α production by monocytes or dendritic cells. However, upon stimulation of TLR4, the presence of sera from ASLE patients, but not ISLE, significantly increased the intracellular expression of TNF-α in classical and non-classical monocytes. This ability was related to titers anti-double stranded DNA antibodies in the serum. High levels of anti-TNF-α in the patients’ sera were associated with increased TNF-α expression by co-cultured mDCs. No relationship was found with the levels of a wide variety of other pro-inflammatory cytokines. A slight increase of TNF-α mRNA expression was observed in these purified cells when they were cultured only in the presence of SLE serum. Conclusions Our data suggest that SLE sera induce an abnormal in vitro TLR4 response in classical and non-classical monocytes, reflected by a higher TNF-α intracellular expression. These effects may be operative in the pathogenesis of SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Carvalheiro
- Blood and Transplantation Center of Coimbra, Portuguese Institute of Blood and Transplantation, Quinta da Vinha Moura, São Martinho do Bispo, 3041-861 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diane Gomes
- College of Health Technology of Coimbra, Rua 5 de Outubro, São Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ligia A Pinto
- HPV Immunology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Building 469, 21702 Frederick, MD USA
| | - Luis Inês
- Rheumatology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal ; School of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Lopes
- Blood and Transplantation Center of Coimbra, Portuguese Institute of Blood and Transplantation, Quinta da Vinha Moura, São Martinho do Bispo, 3041-861 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Henriques
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Pedreiro
- Blood and Transplantation Center of Coimbra, Portuguese Institute of Blood and Transplantation, Quinta da Vinha Moura, São Martinho do Bispo, 3041-861 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Martinho
- Blood and Transplantation Center of Coimbra, Portuguese Institute of Blood and Transplantation, Quinta da Vinha Moura, São Martinho do Bispo, 3041-861 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hélder Trindade
- Blood and Transplantation Center of Coimbra, Portuguese Institute of Blood and Transplantation, Quinta da Vinha Moura, São Martinho do Bispo, 3041-861 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Howard A Young
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Building 560, 21702-1201 Frederick, MD USA
| | - José António Pereira da Silva
- Rheumatology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Paiva
- Blood and Transplantation Center of Coimbra, Portuguese Institute of Blood and Transplantation, Quinta da Vinha Moura, São Martinho do Bispo, 3041-861 Coimbra, Portugal ; College of Health Technology of Coimbra, Rua 5 de Outubro, São Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen P, Tucker W, Hannes S, Liu B, Si H, Gupta A, Lee RWJ, Sen HN, Nussenblatt RB. Levels of blood CD1c+ mDC1 and CD1chi mDC1 subpopulation reflect disease activity in noninfectious uveitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 56:346-52. [PMID: 25515573 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-15416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) play an important role in autoimmune diseases. However, the role of blood CD1c(+) myeloid dendritic cells 1 (mDC1s), the subset of human blood mDCs, is not well understood in noninfectious uveitis. METHODS Fresh peripheral blood samples from human noninfectious uveitis patients (n = 32) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 64) were stained with FITC-Lineage 1 (Lin1), PERCP-HLADR, and PE-CD1c antibodies. The levels of mDC1 were quantified by using flow cytometric analysis. Longitudinal data from patients (n = 16) were analyzed to correlate the levels of mDC1 with disease activity. RESULTS Blood CD1c(+) mDC1 and its subpopulation, CD1c(hi) mDC1, were increased in uveitis patients compared with HCs. Longitudinal data demonstrated that both the CD1c(+) mDC1 and CD1c(hi) mDC1 subpopulation reflected a dynamic change in clinical uveitis activity: CD1c expression was increased in active uveitis but decreased when uveitis became inactive. CONCLUSIONS Given these observations, an alteration in blood CD1c(+) mDC1 and the CD1c(hi) mDC1 subpopulation could be a potential biomarker to monitor clinical uveitis activity within patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - William Tucker
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Susan Hannes
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Baoying Liu
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Han Si
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Ankur Gupta
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Richard W J Lee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - H Nida Sen
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Robert B Nussenblatt
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gong L, Wang Y, Zhou L, Bai X, Wu S, Zhu F, Zhu YF. Activation of toll-like receptor-7 exacerbates lupus nephritis by modulating regulatory T cells. Am J Nephrol 2014; 40:325-44. [PMID: 25341693 DOI: 10.1159/000368204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor-7 (TLR7), which recognizes viral single-stranded RNA, can trigger immune complex glomerulonephritis in experimental lupus erythematosus. However, whether it modulates dendritic cells (DCs) phenotype and regulatory T cells (Treg) function is incompletely understood. METHOD Splenocytes and bone marrow DCs were obtained from 5- and 20-week-old female MRL(lpr/lpr) mice and C57BL/6 mice. In addition, to understand the response of Treg and DCs to TLR7 ligation in vivo, 16-week-old female MRL(lpr/lpr) and C57BL/6 mice were distributed into two groups with or without intraperitoneal injections of TLR7 ligand every other day. RESULTS After activation with the TLR7 ligand imiquimod in vivo and vitro, DCs from imiquimod-treated MRL/lpr mice showed an altered costimulatory profile, with decreased induction of CD80, CD86, and MHCII expression, comparing to age-matched C57BL/6 control mice. There was no significant difference in the numbers of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells after TLR7 ligation by imiquimod in MRL(lpr/lpr) and control mice. Immunostaining of kidney sections of nephritic MRL/lpr mice revealed that CD11c was expressed in the infiltrated tubulointerstitial cells, and confocal microscopic analysis of renal CD11c+MHCII+, CD11c+CD80+, and CD11c+)CD86+ cells showed an immature phenotype with low levels of CD80, CD86, and MHCII in imiquimod-treated MRL/lpr mice. There was no difference in the number of Foxp3 positive cells in kidneys between the imiquimod and vehicle-treated groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that activation of TLR7 exacerbated lupus nephritis by modulating the abnormally costimulatory phenotype of dendritic cells and functions of Treg in MRL/lpr mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Gong
- Experimental animal center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guang Zhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vogelsang P, Karlsen M, Brun JG, Jonsson R, Appel S. Altered phenotype and Stat1 expression in Toll-like receptor 7/8 stimulated monocyte-derived dendritic cells from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R166. [PMID: 25113744 PMCID: PMC4261979 DOI: 10.1186/ar4682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells of the immune system, involved in both initiating immune responses and maintaining tolerance. Dysfunctional and via toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands activated DC have been implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases, but their role in the etiology of Sjögren’s syndrome, a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by progressive mononuclear cell infiltration in the exocrine glands, has not been revealed yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate phenotype and functional properties of immature and TLR7/8 stimulated monocyte-derived DC (moDC) of patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) and compare them to healthy controls. Methods The phenotype, apoptosis susceptibility and endocytic capacity of moDC were analyzed by flow cytometry. Secretion of cytokines was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and multiplex Luminex analyses in moDC cell culture supernatants. The expression of TLR7 was analyzed by flow cytometry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Expression of Ro/Sjögren’s syndrome-associated autoantigen A (Ro52/SSA), interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF-8), Bim, signal transduction and activators of transcription (Stat) 1, p-Stat1 (Tyrosin 701), p-Stat1 (Serin 727), Stat3, pStat3 (Tyrosin 705) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphatase dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was measured by Western blotting. Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) family members were quantified using the ELISA-based TransAM NF-κB family kit. Results We could not detect differences in expression of co-stimulatory molecules and maturation markers such as cluster of differentiation (CD) 86, CD80, CD40 or CD83 on moDC from patients compared to healthy controls. Moreover, we could not observe variations in apoptosis susceptibility, Bim and Ro52/SSA expression and the endocytic capacity of the moDC. However, we found that moDC from pSS patients expressed increased levels of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR. We also found significant differences in cytokine production by moDC, where increased interleukin (IL)-12p40 secretion in mature pSS moDC correlated with increased RelB expression. Strikingly, moDC from pSS patients matured for 48 hours with TLR7/8 ligand CL097 expressed significantly less Stat1. Conclusion Our results suggest a role for moDC in the pathogenesis of Sjögren’s syndrome.
Collapse
|
12
|
Starke C, Steinkasserer A, Voll RE, Zinser E. Soluble human CD83 ameliorates lupus in NZB/W F1 mice. Immunobiology 2013; 218:1411-5. [PMID: 23886695 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we explored the immunomodulatory potential of prokaryotically expressed soluble CD83 in the treatment of murine lupus using the NZB/W F1 mouse model. Therefore female NZB/W F1 lupus mice were treated either with sCD83 or PBS for 4 weeks. sCD83 treated mice showed a significantly delayed onset of anti-dsDNA autoantibody production when compared with the control group. Importantly, during the treatment period with sCD83 none of the mice showed elevated levels of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies. In addition, NZB/W F1 mice which received sCD83 displayed lower concentrations of anti-histone IgG autoantibodies. Furthermore, there was no difference in total IgG antibodies, indicating a modulatory role for sCD83 in the production of self-reactive antibodies without decreasing total IgG. These results indicate that administration of sCD83 has profound immune-modulatory effects on the induction of autoantibodies in NZB/W F1 lupus mice and may thus be a promising approach to interfere with autoimmunity in SLE and other autoantibody-driven diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Starke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute of Clinical Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Maddur MS, Kaveri SV, Bayry J. Dual role of CpG-stimulated B cells in the regulation of dendritic cells: comment on the article by Berggren et al. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:2215-6. [PMID: 23666620 DOI: 10.1002/art.38004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
14
|
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are proposed to underlie aberrant gene expression in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that results in dysregulation of the immune system and loss of tolerance. Modifications of DNA and histones require substrates derived from diet and intermediary metabolism. DNA and histone methyltransferases depend on S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as a methyl donor. SAM is generated from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and methionine by methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT), a redox-sensitive enzyme in the SAM cycle. The availability of B vitamins and methionine regulate SAM generation. The DNA of SLE patients is hypomethylated, indicating dysfunction in the SAM cycle and methyltransferase activity. Acetyl-CoA, which is necessary for histone acetylation, is generated from citrate produced in mitochondria. Mitochondria are also responsible for de novo synthesis of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) for histone demethylation. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is the dominant source of ATP. The depletion of ATP in lupus T cells may affect MAT activity as well as adenosine monophosphate (AMP) activated protein kinase (AMPK), which phosphorylates histones and inhibits mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). In turn, mTOR can modify epigenetic pathways including methylation, demethylation, and histone phosphorylation and mediates enhanced T-cell activation in SLE. Beyond their role in metabolism, mitochondria are the main source of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), which activate mTOR and regulate the activity of histone and DNA modifying enzymes. In this review we will focus on the sources of metabolites required for epigenetic regulation and how the flux of the underlying metabolic pathways affects gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Oaks
- Division of Rheumatology, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, College of Medicine , Syracuse, NY , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gleisner MA, Reyes P, Alfaro J, Solanes P, Simon V, Crisostomo N, Sauma D, Rosemblatt M, Bono MR. Dendritic and stromal cells from the spleen of lupic mice present phenotypic and functional abnormalities. Mol Immunol 2013; 54:423-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
16
|
Khan SA, Nowatzky J, Jiménez-Branda S, Greenberg JD, Clancy R, Buyon J, Bhardwaj N. Active systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with decreased blood conventional dendritic cells. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 95:121-123. [PMID: 23773850 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to determine the frequency and functionality of blood conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) in relation to disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. METHODS Blood cDCs were enumerated for 34 SLE patients, defined as "active" (SLEDAI ≥ 4) or "inactive" (SLEDAI < 4), 26 RA subjects and 8 healthy subjects by FACS. cDC activation was measured by IL-12p40/70 staining following resiquimod stimulation. RESULTS The frequency of blood cDCs was significantly lower in active compared to inactive patients, however, with comparable cDC functionality. CONCLUSION cDC frequency in active SLE is decreased with no perturbation in cDC function, possibly due to enhanced turnover and/or tissue-specific migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaukat Ali Khan
- New York University School of Medicine, Cancer Institute, Smilow Research Building 1303, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
| | - Johannes Nowatzky
- New York University School of Medicine, Cancer Institute, Smilow Research Building 1303, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A.,New York University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, 301 E 17th Street, New York, NY 10003, U.S.A
| | - Sonia Jiménez-Branda
- New York University School of Medicine, Cancer Institute, Smilow Research Building 1303, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey David Greenberg
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, 301 E 17th Street, New York, NY 10003, U.S.A
| | - Robert Clancy
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, 301 E 17th Street, New York, NY 10003, U.S.A
| | - Jill Buyon
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, 301 E 17th Street, New York, NY 10003, U.S.A
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- New York University School of Medicine, Cancer Institute, Smilow Research Building 1303, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Meng Y, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Wang E, Plotnikoff NP, Shan F. Synergistic effect of methionine encephalin (MENK) combined with pidotimod(PTD) on the maturation of murine dendritic cells (DCs). Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:773-83. [PMID: 23470544 PMCID: PMC3903895 DOI: 10.4161/hv.23137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain new insight into the functional interaction between dendritic cells and methionine encephalin (MENK) combined with pidotimod (PTD), we have analyzed the effect of MENK plus PTD on the morphology, phenotype and functions of murine bone-marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro. The maturation of BMDCs cultured in the presence of either MENK or PTD alone, or MENK in combination with PTD, was detected. The cell proliferation was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxy-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt/phenazinemethosulphate (MTS/PMS). The changes of BMDCs morphology were confirmed with light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The BMDCs treated with MENK combined with PTD displayed a higher expression of typical maturation markers of CD40, CD80, CD83, CD86 and MHC-IIidentified by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), and stronger ability to drive T cells. The decrease of the endocytic ability was assayed by DAB kit, FITC-dextran and cellular immunohistochemistry. Finally upregulation of cytokines production of IL-12 and TNF-α was determined by ELISA. These data indicate that MENK combined with PTD could exert synergistic action on BMDC maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Meng
- Department of immunology; School of Basic Medical Science; China Medical University; Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Qiushi Wang
- Central Blood Bank; Shengjing Hospital; China Medical University; Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- Department of immunology; School of Basic Medical Science; China Medical University; Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Enhua Wang
- Institute of pathology and pathophysiology; School of Basic Medical Science; China Medical University; Shenyang, P.R. China
| | | | - Fengping Shan
- Department of immunology; School of Basic Medical Science; China Medical University; Shenyang, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Crispín JC, Vargas-Rojas MI, Monsiváis-Urenda A, Alcocer-Varela J. Phenotype and function of dendritic cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2012; 143:45-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
19
|
Interferon regulatory factors: beyond the antiviral response and their link to the development of autoimmune pathology. Autoimmun Rev 2011; 11:98-103. [PMID: 21872684 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal production of interferon type I has been widely related to multiple autoimmune diseases, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It has been considered the molecular signature characterized by the overexpression of type I Interferon related genes in SLE patients. Among these, are the interferon regulatory factors (IRF). These transcription factors have been involved in the innate immune response, mainly the one related to the defense against viral infections; the development of immune cells and carcinogenesis. The role of IRF in autoimmune pathology has been addressed in diverse murine models. However, evidence in humans is quite scant. This review will focus on the evidence that supports the role of IRF in the development or susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. Specific emphasis will be made over the role of IRF-5 and IRF-7, since evidence of its association to the development of pathology, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus is the strongest.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Due to the female predominance of autoimmune diseases, the role of gender and sex hormones in the immune system is of long-term interest. Estrogen's primary effects are mediated via estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ER α/β) that are expressed on most immune cells. ERs are nuclear hormone receptors that can either directly bind to estrogen response elements in gene promoters or serve as cofactors with other transcription factors (i.e., NFkB/AP1). Cytoplasmic ER and membrane associated ER impact specific kinase signaling pathways. ERs have prominent effects on immune function in both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Genetic deficiency of ERα in murine models of lupus resulted in significantly decreased disease and prolonged survival, while ERβ deficiency had minimal to no effect in autoimmune models. The protective effect of ERα in lupus is multifactoral. In arthritis models, ERα agonists appears to mediate a protective effect. The modulation of ERα function appears to be a potential target for therapy in autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Cunningham
- Medical Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson VAMC and the Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 912, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Henriques A, Inês L, Carvalheiro T, Couto M, Andrade A, Pedreiro S, Laranjeira P, Morgado JM, Pais ML, da Silva JAP, Paiva A. Functional characterization of peripheral blood dendritic cells and monocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int 2011; 32:863-9. [PMID: 21221593 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-010-1709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
With the purpose of contributing to a better knowledge of the APCs functional activity in SLE, we evaluated the distribution and functional ability to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-12) of peripheral blood (PB) monocytes and DC (tDC), particularly myeloid (mDC) and CD14(-/low)CD16(+) DC subpopulations comparing them with those obtained from healthy individuals. The study was performed in 34 SLE patients with diverse disease activity scores (SLEDAI) and 13 healthy age- and sex-matched controls (NC). Our results show an overall decrease in absolute number and relative frequency of tDC in SLE patients with active disease when compared to those with inactive disease and NC, although this decrease did not seem to have an effect on the distribution of PB DC subsets. The monocytes number in SLE patients was similar to those found in NC, whereas a higher frequency of monocytes producing cytokines as well as the amount of each cytokine per cell found without stimulation was particularly observed in those patients with active disease. After stimulation, we observed a higher frequency of IL-12-producing monocytes in active SLE patients. On the other hand, we found among DCs higher frequencies of cytokine-producing CD14(-/low)CD16(+) DCs and a higher amount of cytokines produced per cell, particularly in active disease. These findings support an increased production of inflammatory cytokines by APCs in active SLE, mostly associated with alterations in CD14(-/low)CD16(+) DC subset homeostasis that might contribute to explain the dynamic role of these cells in disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Henriques
- Centro de Histocompatibilidade do Centro, Edifício São Jerónimo, 4º Piso, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3001-301 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Affiliation(s)
- B Bonnotte
- Inserm U866, service d'immunologie clinique et de médecine interne, hôpital du Bocage, CHU de Dijon, faculté de médecine, 2, boulevard Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 21000 Dijon cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Torres-Aguilar H, Blank M, Jara LJ, Shoenfeld Y. Tolerogenic dendritic cells in autoimmune diseases: crucial players in induction and prevention of autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2010; 10:8-17. [PMID: 20678591 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2010.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The immune system has evolved to coordinate responses against numerous invading pathogens and simultaneously remain silent facing self-antigens and those derived from commensal organisms. But, if both processes are not maintained in strict balance, a potential threat can emerge due to the risk of chronic inflammation and/or autoimmunity development. Therefore, there is a negative immune regulation where tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs) participate actively. Under steady-state conditions, tDC are notably involved in the elimination of autoreactive T cells at the thymus, and in the control of T cells specific to self and harmless antigens in the periphery. But in the presence of foreign antigens in an inflammatory milieu, dendritic cells (DCs) mature and induce T cells activation and their migration to B cell areas to assist in antibody production. Additionally, there are other factors such as infections, anti tumoral immune responses, trauma-mediated disruption, etc. that may induce alterations in the balance between tolerogenic and immunogenic functions of DCs and instigate the development of autoimmune diseases (ADs). Therefore, in recent years, DCs have emerged as therapeutic targets to control of ADs. Diverse strategies in vitro and/or in animal models of ADs have explored the tolerogenic functions of DCs and demonstrated their feasibility to prevent or control an autoimmune process, but still leaving a void in their application in clinical assays. The purpose of this paper is to give a general overview of the current literature on the significance of tDCs in tolerance maintenance to self and innocuous antigens, the most relevant alterations involved in the pathophysiology of ADs, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in their tolerogenic function and the current strategies used to exploit their tolerogenic potential.
Collapse
|
24
|
Cytokine overproduction, T-cell activation, and defective T-regulatory functions promote nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:457146. [PMID: 20671931 PMCID: PMC2910555 DOI: 10.1155/2010/457146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) occurs in more than one-third of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Its pathogenesis is mostly attributable to the glomerular deposition of immune complexes and overproduction of T helper- (Th-) 1 cytokines. In this context, the high glomerular expression of IL-12 and IL-18 exerts a major pathogenetic role. These cytokines are locally produced by both macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) which attract other inflammatory cells leading to maintenance of the kidney inflammation. However, other populations including T-cells and B-cells are integral for the development and worsening of renal damage. T-cells include many pathogenetic subsets, and the activation of Th-17 in keeping with defective T-regulatory (Treg) cell function regards as further event contributing to the glomerular damage. These populations also activate B-cells to produce nephritogenic auto-antibodies. Thus, LN includes a complex pathogenetic mechanism that involves different players and the evaluation of their activity may provide an effective tool for monitoring the onset of the disease.
Collapse
|
25
|
Kis-Toth K, Tsokos GC. Dendritic cell function in lupus: Independent contributors or victims of aberrant immune regulation. Autoimmunity 2010; 43:121-30. [PMID: 20102311 DOI: 10.3109/08916930903214041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) represent an important component of the immune system connecting the innate and adaptive immune responses. They are able to trigger strong immunity as well as tolerance against certain antigens, and therefore it is obvious that they have a central role in the expression of immunological diseases. However, because DCs are sparse, heterogeneous and plastic, their exact role in complex autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains not well defined. In this review, we make an attempt to summarize critically recent knowledge on the role of conventional DCs in the expression of autoimmunity and pathology in SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Kis-Toth
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nie YJ, Mok MY, Chan GCF, Chan AW, Jin OU, Kavikondala S, Lie AKW, Lau CS. Phenotypic and functional abnormalities of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R91. [PMID: 20478074 PMCID: PMC2911875 DOI: 10.1186/ar3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 08/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoreactive T and B cells, which are believed to be secondary to deficient dendritic cells (DCs). However, whether DC abnormalities occur during their development in the bone marrow (BM) or in the periphery is not known. Methods Thirteen patients with SLE and 16 normal controls were recruited. We studied the morphology, phenotype, and functional abilities of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) generated by using two culture methods: FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3)-ligand (FL) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plus interleukin-4 (IL-4), respectively. Results BMDCs induced by FL exhibited both myeloid (mDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) features, whereas GM-CSF/IL-4 induced mDC generation. Substantial phenotypic and functional defects of BMDCs were found from patients with SLE at different stages of cell maturation. When compared with healthy controls, SLE immature BM FLDCs expressed higher levels of CCR7. Both immature and mature SLE BM FLDCs expressed higher levels of CD40 and CD86 and induced stronger T-cell proliferation. SLE BM mDCs expressed higher levels of CD40 and CD86 but lower levels of HLA-DR and a lower ability to stimulate T-cell proliferation when compared with control BM mDCs. Conclusions Our data are in accordance with previous reports that suggest that DCs have a potential pathogenic role in SLE. Defects of these cells are evident during their development in BM. BM mDCs are deficient, whereas BM pDCs, which are part of BM FLDCs, are the likely culprit in inducing autoimmunity in SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying J Nie
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Perl A. Systems biology of lupus: mapping the impact of genomic and environmental factors on gene expression signatures, cellular signaling, metabolic pathways, hormonal and cytokine imbalance, and selecting targets for treatment. Autoimmunity 2010; 43:32-47. [PMID: 20001421 PMCID: PMC4020422 DOI: 10.3109/08916930903374774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by the dysfunction of T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells, the release of pro-inflammatory nuclear materials from necrotic cells, and the formation of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and immune complexes of ANA with DNA, RNA, and nuclear proteins. Activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has recently emerged as a key factor in abnormal activation of T and B cells in SLE. In T cells, increased production of nitric oxide and mitochondrial hyperpolarization (MHP) were identified as metabolic checkpoints upstream of mTOR activation. mTOR controls the expression T-cell receptor-associated signaling proteins CD4 and CD3zeta through increased expression of the endosome recycling regulator Rab5 and HRES-1/Rab4 genes, enhances Ca2+ fluxing and skews the expression of tyrosine kinases both in T and B cells, and blocks the expression of Foxp3 and the generation of regulatory T cells. MHP, increased activity of mTOR, Rab GTPases, and Syk kinases, and enhanced Ca2+ flux have emerged as common T and B cell biomarkers and targets for treatment in SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andras Perl
- Division of Rheumatology, Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Maddur MS, Vani J, Dimitrov JD, Balaji KN, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Kaveri SV, Bayry J. Dendritic Cells in Autoimmune Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2174/1876539401003010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
29
|
Tucci M, Ciavarella S, Strippoli S, Dammacco F, Silvestris F. Oversecretion of cytokines and chemokines in lupus nephritis is regulated by intraparenchymal dendritic cells: a review. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1173:449-57. [PMID: 19758185 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04805.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) occurs in more than one-third of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Its pathogenesis is attributed to the glomerular deposition of immune complexes as well as to imbalance of the cytokine homeostasis. In this context, high production of cytokines and chemokines by dendritic cells (DCs) may concur to LN. In addition, urinary cytokine excretion may reflect the accumulation of DCs within glomeruli. DCs are differentiated in both myeloid and plasmacytoid (p) subsets in relation to their typical antigen and chemokine expression. Both subsets migrate in response to chemotactic stimuli because pDCs are susceptible to IL-18 expressed by resident glomerular cells. pDCs bear the IL-18R, and it is conceivable that DCs migrate to the kidney under the attraction of IL-18. Therefore, the depletion of DCs reflects the inflammation severity in LN, whereas measurement of Th1 cytokines may represent an effective tool for monitoring the onset of LN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tucci
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Anti-factor VIII Antibodies (Inhibitors) in Hemophilia A: In Dire Need of Basic and Therapeutic Research. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2009; 37:55-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-009-8121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
31
|
Perl A, Fernandez DR, Telarico T, Doherty E, Francis L, Phillips PE. T-cell and B-cell signaling biomarkers and treatment targets in lupus. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2009; 21:454-64. [PMID: 19550330 PMCID: PMC4047522 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e32832e977c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by the production of antinuclear autoantibodies and dysfunction of T-cells, B-cells, and dendritic cells. Here, we review newly recognized genetic factors and mechanisms that underlie abnormal intracellular signal processing and intercellular communication within the immune system in systemic lupus erythematosus. RECENT FINDINGS Activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin plays a pivotal role in abnormal activation of T and B-cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. In T-cells, increased production of nitric oxide and mitochondrial hyperpolarization were identified as metabolic checkpoints upstream of mammalian target of rapamycin activation. Mammalian target of rapamycin controls the expression T-cell receptor-associated signaling proteins CD4 and CD3zeta through increased expression of the endosome recycling regulator HRES-1/Rab4 gene, mediates enhanced Ca2+ fluxing and skews the expression of tyrosine kinases both in T and B-cells, and blocks the expression of Foxp3 and the expansion of regulatory T-cells. Mitochondrial hyperpolarization and the resultant ATP depletion predispose T-cells to necrosis, thus promoting the dendritic cell activation, antinuclear autoantibody production, and inflammation. SUMMARY Mitochondrial hyperpolarization, increased activity of mammalian target of rapamycin and Syk kinases, enhanced receptor recycling and Ca2+ flux have emerged as common T and B-cell biomarkers and targets for treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andras Perl
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Schulke L, Berbic M, Manconi F, Tokushige N, Markham R, Fraser IS. Dendritic cell populations in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:1695-703. [PMID: 19321495 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune alterations may be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of endometriosis. Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen presenting cells that are highly involved in the initiation of the immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate DC populations in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women with endometriosis compared with controls. METHODS Hysterectomy samples were obtained from premenopausal women with (n = 33) and without (n = 28) endometriosis. In addition, paired peritoneal endometriotic lesions and uterine curettings were collected from 32 women with endometriosis. Specimen sections were stained immunohistochemically using antibodies for monoclonal mouse antibodies directed against human CD1a and CD83, which are specific for immature and mature DCs, respectively. RESULTS The mean density of endometrial CD1a+ DCs in the basal layer was significantly increased in women with endometriosis compared with controls during the proliferative phase only (P = 0.001). There was a highly significant decrease in the density of endometrial CD83+ DCs in women with endometriosis compared with controls in both layers of the endometrium across all phases of the menstrual cycle (P = 0.001). The density of CD1a+ DCs was significantly increased in peritoneal endometriotic lesions (P = 0.003) and in the surrounding peritoneum (P = 0.001) compared with paired uterine curettings and peritoneum distant from the lesion. CONCLUSIONS Both CD1a+ and CD83+ DC populations were altered in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women with endometriosis compared with controls. Alterations in these cells, which play a crucial role in the coordination of the immune response, may be involved in pain generation and the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Schulke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Elizabeth II Research Institute for Mothers and Infants, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
The role of innate immune responses in autoimmune disease development. Autoimmun Rev 2009; 8:400-4. [PMID: 19162250 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2008.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are systemic or organ-specific disorders that are the result of an attack of the immune system against the body's own tissue. Development of autoimmune disease is generally avoided by distinct mechanisms that silence adaptive self-reactive T or B cells. The innate immune system is critically involved in the defense against pathogens and the induction of primary adaptive immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key receptors that activate the innate immunity in response to pathogen recognition. Recent data show that activation of innate immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) can break this state of tolerance and induce autoimmunity by priming autoreactive T cells. Here we review recent examples of how innate immune responses influence the adaptive immunity in the induction or regulation of autoimmune disease.
Collapse
|
34
|
Perl A. Overview of signal processing by the immune system in systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev 2008; 8:177-8. [PMID: 18722560 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2008.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
35
|
Borel P, Benkhoucha M, Weber MS, Zamvil SS, Santiago-Raber ML, Lalive PH. Glatiramer acetate treatment does not modify the clinical course of (NZB x BXSB)F1 lupus murine model. Int Immunol 2008; 20:1313-9. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxn086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
36
|
Jara LJ, Benitez G, Medina G. Prolactin, dendritic cells, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev 2008; 7:251-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2007.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|