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Singh S, Barik D, Lawrie K, Mohapatra I, Prasad S, Naqvi AR, Singh A, Singh G. Unveiling Novel Avenues in mTOR-Targeted Therapeutics: Advancements in Glioblastoma Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14960. [PMID: 37834408 PMCID: PMC10573615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The mTOR signaling pathway plays a pivotal and intricate role in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma, driving tumorigenesis and proliferation. Mutations or deletions in the PTEN gene constitutively activate the mTOR pathway by expressing growth factors EGF and PDGF, which activate their respective receptor pathways (e.g., EGFR and PDGFR). The convergence of signaling pathways, such as the PI3K-AKT pathway, intensifies the effect of mTOR activity. The inhibition of mTOR has the potential to disrupt diverse oncogenic processes and improve patient outcomes. However, the complexity of the mTOR signaling, off-target effects, cytotoxicity, suboptimal pharmacokinetics, and drug resistance of the mTOR inhibitors pose ongoing challenges in effectively targeting glioblastoma. Identifying innovative treatment strategies to address these challenges is vital for advancing the field of glioblastoma therapeutics. This review discusses the potential targets of mTOR signaling and the strategies of target-specific mTOR inhibitor development, optimized drug delivery system, and the implementation of personalized treatment approaches to mitigate the complications of mTOR inhibitors. The exploration of precise mTOR-targeted therapies ultimately offers elevated therapeutic outcomes and the development of more effective strategies to combat the deadliest form of adult brain cancer and transform the landscape of glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Debashis Barik
- Center for Computational Natural Science and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500032, India
| | - Karl Lawrie
- College of Saint Benedict, Saint John’s University, Collegeville, MN 56321, USA
| | - Iteeshree Mohapatra
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Sujata Prasad
- MLM Medical Laboratories, LLC, Oakdale, MN 55128, USA
| | - Afsar R. Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Amar Singh
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Gatikrushna Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Pape E, Parent M, Pinzano A, Sapin-Minet A, Henrionnet C, Gillet P, Scala-Bertola J, Gambier N. Rapamycin-loaded Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles: Preparation, characterization, and in vitro toxicity study for potential intra-articular injection. Int J Pharm 2021; 609:121198. [PMID: 34662644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease. Rapamycin is a potential candidate for OA treatment by increasing the autophagy process implicated in its physiopathology. To optimize Rapamycin profit and avoid systemic side effects, intra-articular (i.a.) administration appeared helpful. However, Rapamycin's highly hydrophobic nature and low bioavailability made it challenging to develop purpose-made drug delivery systems to overcome these limitations. We developed Rapamycin-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) using poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) by emulsion/evaporation method. We evaluated these NPs' cytocompatibility towards cartilage (chondrocytes) and synovial membrane cells (synoviocytes) for a potential i.a. administration. The in vitro characterization of Rapamycin-loaded NPs had shown a suitable profile for an i.a. administration. In vitro biocompatibility of NPs was highlighted to 10 µM of Rapamycin for both synoviocytes and chondrocytes, but significant toxicity was observed with higher concentrations. Besides, synoviocytes are more sensitive to Rapamycin-loaded NPs than chondrocytes. Finally, we observed in vitro that an adapted formulated Rapamycin-loaded NPs could be safe at suitable i.a. injection concentrations. The toxic effect of Rapamycin encapsulated in these NPs on both articular cells was dose-dependent. After Rapamycin-loaded NPs i.a. administration, local retention, in situ safety, and systemic release should be evaluated with experimental in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Pape
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000 Nancy, France; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Toxicologie et Pharmacovigilance, Bâtiment de Biologie Médicale et de Biopathologie, CHRU de Nancy-Brabois, 5 Rue du Morvan, F54511 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.
| | | | - Astrid Pinzano
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | | | | | - Pierre Gillet
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000 Nancy, France; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Toxicologie et Pharmacovigilance, Bâtiment de Biologie Médicale et de Biopathologie, CHRU de Nancy-Brabois, 5 Rue du Morvan, F54511 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Julien Scala-Bertola
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000 Nancy, France; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Toxicologie et Pharmacovigilance, Bâtiment de Biologie Médicale et de Biopathologie, CHRU de Nancy-Brabois, 5 Rue du Morvan, F54511 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Nicolas Gambier
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000 Nancy, France; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Toxicologie et Pharmacovigilance, Bâtiment de Biologie Médicale et de Biopathologie, CHRU de Nancy-Brabois, 5 Rue du Morvan, F54511 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.
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Iwaki R, Shoji T, Matsuzaki Y, Ulziibayar A, Shinoka T. Current status of developing tissue engineering vascular technologies. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 22:433-440. [PMID: 34427482 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1960976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in western countries. Although surgical outcomes for CVD are dramatically improving with the development of surgical techniques, medications, and perioperative management strategies, adverse postoperative events related to the use of artificial prosthetic materials are still problematic. Moreover, in pediatric patients, using these artificial materials make future re-intervention inevitable due to their lack of growth potential. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the most current tissue-engineering (TE) technologies to treat cardiovascular diseases and discusses their limitations through reports ranging from animal studies to clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION Tissue-engineered structures, derived from a patient's own autologous cells/tissues and biodegradable polymer scaffolds, can provide mechanical function similar to non-diseased tissue. However, unlike prosthetic materials, tissue-engineered structures are hypothetically more biocompatible and provide growth potential, saving patients from additional or repetitive interventions. While there are many methods being investigated to develop TE technologies in the hopes of finding better options to tackle CVD, most of these approaches are not ready for clinical use or trials. However, tissue engineering has great promise to potentially provide better treatment options to vastly improve cardiovascular surgical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuma Iwaki
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Toshihiro Shoji
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yuichi Matsuzaki
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anudari Ulziibayar
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Toshiharu Shinoka
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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All-Trans Retinoic Acid Prevented Vein Grafts Stenosis by Inhibiting Rb-E2F Mediated Cell Cycle Progression and KLF5-RARα Interaction in Human Vein Smooth Muscle Cells. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 35:103-111. [PMID: 33044585 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vein graft failure (VGF) is an important limitation for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Inhibition of the excessive proliferation and migration of venous smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is an effective strategy to alleviate VGF during the CABG perioperative period. In the present study, we aimed to explore the role and potential mechanism of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on preventing vein grafts stenosis. METHODS The autogenous vein grafts model was established in the right jugular artery of rabbits. Immunohistochemistry staining and western blot assays were used to detected the protein expression, while real-time PCR assay was applied for mRNAs expression detection. The interaction between proteins was identified by co-immunoprecipitation assay. The Cell Counting Kit-8 and wound-healing assays were used to investigate the role of ATRA on human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells (HUVSMCs) function. Cell cycle progression was identified by flow cytometry assay. RESULTS Vein graft stenosis and SMCs hyperproliferation were confirmed in vein grafts by histological and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry assays. Treatment of ATRA (10 mg/kg/day) significantly mitigated the stenosis extent of vein grafts, demonstrated by the decreased thickness of intima-media, and decreased Ki-67 expression. ATRA could repress the PDGF-bb-induced excessive proliferation and migration of HUVSMCs, which was mediated by Rb-E2F dependent cell cycle inhibition. Meanwhile, ATRA could reduce the interaction between KLF5 and RARα, thereby inhibiting the function of cis-elements of KLF5. KLF5-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression activation could be significantly inhibited by ATRA. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that ATRA treatment may represent an effective prevention and therapy avenue for VGF.
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Di Franco S, Amarelli C, Montalto A, Loforte A, Musumeci F. Biomaterials and heart recovery: cardiac repair, regeneration and healing in the MCS era: a state of the "heart". J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S2346-S2362. [PMID: 30123575 PMCID: PMC6081365 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.01.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is an emerging interdisciplinary field of scientific research that, supported by tissue engineering is, nowadays, a valuable and reliable solution dealing with the actual organs shortage and the unresolved limits of biological or prosthetic materials used in repair and replacement of diseased or damaged human tissues and organs. Due to the improvements in design and materials, and to the changing of clinical features of patients treated for valvular heart disease the distance between the ideal valve and the available prostheses has been shortened. We will then deal with the developing of new tools aiming at replacing or repair cardiac tissues that still represent an unmet clinical need for the surgeons and indeed for their patients. In the effort of improving treatment for the cardiovascular disease (CVD), scientists struggle with the lack of self-regenerative capacities of finally differentiated cardiovascular tissues. In this context, using several converging technological approaches, regenerative medicine moves beyond traditional transplantation and replacement therapies and can restore tissue impaired function. It may also play an essential role in surgery daily routine, leading to produce devices such as injectable hydrogels, cardiac patches, bioresorbable stents and vascular grafts made by increasingly sophisticated biomaterial scaffolds; tailored devices promptly fabricated according to surgeon necessity and patient anatomy and pathology will hopefully represent a daily activity in the next future. The employment of these devices, still far from the in vitro reproduction of functional organs, has the main aim to achieve a self-renewal process in damaged tissues simulating endogenous resident cell populations. In this field, the collaboration and cooperation between cardiothoracic surgeons and bioengineers appear necessary to modify these innovative devices employed in preclinical studies according to the surgeon's needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sveva Di Franco
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, L. Vanvitelli University, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristiano Amarelli
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplants, Monaldi Hospital, Azienda dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Montalto
- Department of Heart and Vessels, Cardiac Surgery Unit and Heart Transplantation Center, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Loforte
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Musumeci
- Department of Heart and Vessels, Cardiac Surgery Unit and Heart Transplantation Center, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Haeri A, Osouli M, Bayat F, Alavi S, Dadashzadeh S. Nanomedicine approaches for sirolimus delivery: a review of pharmaceutical properties and preclinical studies. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:1-14. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1408123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Haeri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahraz Osouli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Bayat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sonia Alavi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Dadashzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ong CS, Zhou X, Huang CY, Fukunishi T, Zhang H, Hibino N. Tissue engineered vascular grafts: current state of the field. Expert Rev Med Devices 2017; 14:383-392. [PMID: 28447487 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2017.1324293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Conventional synthetic vascular grafts are limited by the inability to remodel, as well as issues of patency at smaller diameters. Tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs), constructed from biologically active cells and biodegradable scaffolds have the potential to overcome these limitations, and provide growth capacity and self-repair. Areas covered: This article outlines the TEVG design, biodegradable scaffolds, TEVG fabrication methods, cell seeding, drug delivery, strategies to reduce wait times, clinical trials, as well as a 5-year view with expert commentary. Expert commentary: TEVG technology has progressed significantly with advances in scaffold material and design, graft design, cell seeding and drug delivery. Strategies have been put in place to reduce wait times and improve 'off-the-shelf' capability of TEVGs. More recently, clinical trials have been conducted to investigate the clinical applications of TEVGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Siang Ong
- a Division of Cardiac Surgery , Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Xun Zhou
- a Division of Cardiac Surgery , Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Chen Yu Huang
- b Department of Physics & Astronomy , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Takuma Fukunishi
- a Division of Cardiac Surgery , Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Huaitao Zhang
- a Division of Cardiac Surgery , Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Narutoshi Hibino
- a Division of Cardiac Surgery , Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore , MD , USA
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Bai H, Lee JS, Chen E, Wang M, Xing Y, Fahmy TM, Dardik A. Covalent modification of pericardial patches for sustained rapamycin delivery inhibits venous neointimal hyperplasia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40142. [PMID: 28071663 PMCID: PMC5223139 DOI: 10.1038/srep40142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prosthetic grafts and patches are commonly used in cardiovascular surgery, however neointimal hyperplasia remains a significant concern, especially under low flow conditions. We hypothesized that delivery of rapamycin from nanoparticles (NP) covalently attached to patches allows sustained site-specific delivery of therapeutic agents targeted to inhibit localized neointimal hyperplasia. NP were covalently linked to pericardial patches using EDC/NHS chemistry and could deliver at least 360 ng rapamycin per patch without detectable rapamycin in serum; nanoparticles were detectable in the liver, kidney and spleen but no other sites within 24 hours. In a rat venous patch angioplasty model, control patches developed robust neointimal hyperplasia on the patch luminal surface characterized by Eph-B4-positive endothelium and underlying SMC and infiltrating cells such as macrophages and leukocytes. Patches delivering rapamycin developed less neointimal hyperplasia, less smooth muscle cell proliferation, and had fewer infiltrating cells but retained endothelialization. NP covalently linked to pericardial patches are a novel composite delivery system that allows sustained site-specific delivery of therapeutics; NP delivering rapamycin inhibit patch neointimal hyperplasia. NP linked to patches may represent a next generation of tissue engineered cardiovascular implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualong Bai
- The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Jung Seok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Elizabeth Chen
- The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Mo Wang
- The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Ying Xing
- Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Tarek M Fahmy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Alan Dardik
- The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06515, USA
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Salinas HM, Khan SI, McCormack MC, Fernandes JR, Gfrerer L, Watkins MT, Redmond RW, Austen WG. Prevention of vein graft intimal hyperplasia with photochemical tissue passivation. J Vasc Surg 2017; 65:190-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Othman R, Vladisavljević GT, Nagy ZK, Holdich RG. Encapsulation and Controlled Release of Rapamycin from Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles Prepared by Membrane Micromixing Combined with Antisolvent Precipitation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:10685-10693. [PMID: 27690454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapamycin-loaded polycaprolactone nanoparticles (RAPA-PCL NPs) with a polydispersity index of 0.006-0.073 were fabricated by antisolvent precipitation combined with micromixing using a ringed stainless steel membrane with 10 μm diameter laser-drilled pores. The organic phase composed of 6 g L-1 PCL and 0.6-3.0 g L-1 RAPA in acetone was injected through the membrane at 140 L m-2 h-1 into 0.2 wt % aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) solution stirred at 1300 rpm, resulting in a Z-average mean of 189-218 nm, a drug encapsulation efficiency of 98.8-98.9%, and a drug loading in the NPs of 9-33%. The encapsulation of RAPA was confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD, DSC, and ATR-FTIR. The disappearance of sharp characteristic peaks of crystalline RAPA in the XRD pattern of RAPA-PCL NPs revealed that the drug was molecularly dispersed in the polymer matrix or RAPA and PCL were present in individual amorphous domains. The rate of drug release in pure water was negligible due to low aqueous solubility of RAPA. RAPA-PCL NPs released more than 91% of their drug cargo after 2.5 h in the release medium composed of 0.78-1.5 M of the hydrotropic agent N,N-diethylnicotinamide, 10 vol % ethanol, and 2 vol % Tween 20 in phosphate buffered saline. The dissolution of RAPA was slower when the drug was embedded in the PCL matrix of the NPs than dispersed in the form of pure RAPA nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahimah Othman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University , Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis , Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Goran T Vladisavljević
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University , Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Zoltan K Nagy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University , Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2100, United States
| | - R G Holdich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University , Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
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Parhi P, Sahoo SK. Trastuzumab guided nanotheranostics: A lipid based multifunctional nanoformulation for targeted drug delivery and imaging in breast cancer therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 451:198-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Nadig SN, Dixit SK, Levey N, Esckilsen S, Miller K, Dennis W, Atkinson C, Broome AM. Immunosuppressive nano-therapeutic micelles downregulate endothelial cell inflammation and immunogenicity. RSC Adv 2015; 5:43552-43562. [PMID: 26167278 PMCID: PMC4494678 DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04057d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed a stable, nontoxic novel micelle nanoparticle to attenuate responses of endothelial cell (EC) inflammation when subjected to oxidative stress, such as observed in organ transplantation. Targeted Rapamycin Micelles (TRaM) were synthesized using PEG-PE-amine and N-palmitoyl homocysteine (PHC) with further tailoring of the micelle using targeting peptides (cRGD) and labeling with far-red fluorescent dye for tracking during cellular uptake studies. Our results revealed that the TRaM was approximately 10 nm in diameter and underwent successful internalization in Human Umbilical Vein EC (HUVEC) lines. Uptake efficiency of TRaM nanoparticles was improved with the addition of a targeting moiety. In addition, our TRaM therapy was able to downregulate both mouse cardiac endothelial cell (MCEC) and HUVEC production and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8 in normal oxygen tension and hypoxic conditions. We were also able to demonstrate a dose-dependent uptake of TRaM therapy into biologic tissues ex vivo. Taken together, these data demonstrate the feasibility of targeted drug delivery in transplantation, which has the potential for conferring local immunosuppressive effects without systemic consequences while also dampening endothelial cell injury responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish N Nadig
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. ; Tel: 01 843 792 8596;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. ; Tel: 01 843 792 1716;
- South Carolina Investigators in Transplantation (SCIT), Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. ; Tel: 01 843 792 3553;
| | - Suraj K Dixit
- Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 68 President Street MSC 120, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. ; Tel: 01 843 876 2481;
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CBI), Medical University of South Carolina, 68 President Street MSC 120, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. ; Tel: 01 843 876 2481;
| | - Natalie Levey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. ; Tel: 01 843 792 8596;
| | - Scott Esckilsen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. ; Tel: 01 843 792 8596;
| | - Kayla Miller
- Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 68 President Street MSC 120, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. ; Tel: 01 843 876 2481;
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CBI), Medical University of South Carolina, 68 President Street MSC 120, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. ; Tel: 01 843 876 2481;
| | - William Dennis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. ; Tel: 01 843 792 8596;
| | - Carl Atkinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. ; Tel: 01 843 792 1716;
- South Carolina Investigators in Transplantation (SCIT), Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. ; Tel: 01 843 792 3553;
| | - Ann-Marie Broome
- Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 68 President Street MSC 120, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. ; Tel: 01 843 876 2481;
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CBI), Medical University of South Carolina, 68 President Street MSC 120, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. ; Tel: 01 843 876 2481;
- South Carolina Investigators in Transplantation (SCIT), Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. ; Tel: 01 843 792 3553;
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Elastin-based protein polymer nanoparticles carrying drug at both corona and core suppress tumor growth in vivo. J Control Release 2013; 171:330-8. [PMID: 23714121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Numerous nanocarriers of small molecules depend on either non-specific physical encapsulation or direct covalent linkage. In contrast, this manuscript explores an alternative encapsulation strategy based on high-specificity avidity between a small molecule drug and its cognate protein target fused to the corona of protein polymer nanoparticles. With the new strategy, the drug associates tightly to the carrier and releases slowly, which may decrease toxicity and promote tumor accumulation via the enhanced permeability and retention effect. To test this hypothesis, the drug Rapamycin (Rapa) was selected for its potent anti-proliferative properties, which give it immunosuppressant and anti-tumor activity. Despite its potency, Rapa has low solubility, low oral bioavailability, and rapid systemic clearance, which make it an excellent candidate for nanoparticulate drug delivery. To explore this approach, genetically engineered diblock copolymers were constructed from elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) that assemble small (<100nm) nanoparticles. ELPs are protein polymers of the sequence (Val-Pro-Gly-Xaa-Gly)n, where the identity of Xaa and n determine their assembly properties. Initially, a screening assay for model drug encapsulation in ELP nanoparticles was developed, which showed that Rose Bengal and Rapa have high non-specific encapsulation in the core of ELP nanoparticles with a sequence where Xaa=Ile or Phe. While excellent at entrapping these drugs, their release was relatively fast (2.2h half-life) compared to their intended mean residence time in the human body. Having determined that Rapa can be non-specifically entrapped in the core of ELP nanoparticles, FK506 binding protein 12 (FKBP), which is the cognate protein target of Rapa, was genetically fused to the surface of these nanoparticles (FSI) to enhance their avidity towards Rapa. The fusion of FKBP to these nanoparticles slowed the terminal half-life of drug release to 57.8h. To determine if this class of drug carriers has potential applications in vivo, FSI/Rapa was administered to mice carrying a human breast cancer model (MDA-MB-468). Compared to free drug, FSI encapsulation significantly decreased gross toxicity and enhanced the anti-cancer activity. In conclusion, protein polymer nanoparticles decorated with the cognate receptor of a high potency, low solubility drug (Rapa) efficiently improved drug loading capacity and its release. This approach has applications to the delivery of Rapa and its analogs; furthermore, this strategy has broader applications in the encapsulation, targeting, and release of other potent small molecules.
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Schleimer K, Grommes J, Greiner A, Jalaie H, Kalder J, Langer S, Koeppel TA, Jacobs M, Kokozidou M. Training a sophisticated microsurgical technique: interposition of external jugular vein graft in the common carotid artery in rats. J Vis Exp 2012:4124. [PMID: 23168988 DOI: 10.3791/4124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neointimal hyperplasia is one the primary causes of stenosis in arterialized veins that are of great importance in arterial coronary bypass surgery, in peripheral arterial bypass surgery as well as in arteriovenous fistulas.(1-5) The experimental procedure of vein graft interposition in the common carotid artery by using the cuff-technique has been applied in several research projects to examine the aetiology of neointimal hyperplasia and therapeutic options to address it. (6-8) The cuff prevents vessel anastomotic remodeling and induces turbulence within the graft and thereby the development of neointimal hyperplasia. Using the superior caval vein graft is an established small-animal model for venous arterialization experiment.(9-11) This current protocol refers to an established jugular vein graft interposition technique first described by Zou et al., (9) as well as others.(12-14) Nevertheless, these cited small animal protocols are complicated. To simplify the procedure and to minimize the number of experimental animals needed, a detailed operation protocol by video training is presented. This video should help the novice surgeon to learn both the cuff-technique and the vein graft interposition. Hereby, the right external jugular vein was grafted in cuff-technique in the common carotid artery of 21 female Sprague Dawley rats categorized in three equal groups that were sacrificed on day 21, 42 and 84, respectively. Notably, no donor animals were needed, because auto-transplantations were performed. The survival rate was 100 % at the time point of sacrifice. In addition, the graft patency rate was 60 % for the first 10 operated animals and 82 % for the remaining 11 animals. The blood flow at the time of sacrifice was 8±3 ml/min. In conclusion, this surgical protocol considerably simplifies, optimizes and standardizes this complicated procedure. It gives novice surgeons easy, step-by-step instruction, explaining possible pitfalls, thereby helping them to gain expertise fast and avoid useless sacrifice of experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Schleimer
- European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen.
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