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Lin A, King EG. Alternative Conduits for Lower Extremity Bypass. Ann Vasc Surg 2024; 107:122-126. [PMID: 38583761 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2023.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
While single-segment great saphenous vein (GSV) remains the gold-standard conduit for infrainguinal bypass, several alternative options are available for use when GSV is absent in patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia requiring infrainguinal revascularization including alternative autologous vein, prosthetic conduits, and cryopreserved vein grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Lin
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Boston University Aram V. Chobanian & Edward Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Elizabeth G King
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Boston University Aram V. Chobanian & Edward Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA.
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Biroš E, Staffa R, Krejčí M, Novotný T, Skotáková M, Bobák R. Autologous Alternative Vein Grafts for Infrainguinal Bypass in the Absence of Single-Segment Great Saphenous Vein: A Single-Center Study. Ann Vasc Surg 2024; 103:133-140. [PMID: 38428452 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2023.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative autologous veins can be used as a conduit when adequate great saphenous vein is unavailable. We analyzed the results of our infrainguinal bypasses after adopting upper extremity veins in our practice. METHODS This is a single-center observational study involving all patients whose infrainguinal bypass involved the use of upper extremity veins between April 2019, when we began using arm veins, and February 2023. RESULTS During the study period, 49 bypasses were done in 48 patients; mean age 68.1 ± 9.8; men 32 (66.7%); body mass index 28.0 ± 4.8; indications for surgery: chronic limb threatening ischemia 41 (83.7%); acute limb ischemia 3 (6.1%); complications of previous prosthetic 3 (6.1%), or autologous 2 (4.1%) bypass grafts. Vein splicing was used in 43 (87.8%) bypasses with 3-segment grafts being the most common (26; 53.1%). There were 24 (49.0%) femorotibial, 11 (22.4%) femoropopliteal, 9 (18.4%) femoropedal, and 5 (10.2%) extension jump bypass procedures. Eighteen (36.7%) operations were redo surgeries. Twenty-one (42.9%) bypasses were formed using only arm veins. The median follow-up was 12.9 months (4.5-24.2). Two bypasses occluded during the first 30 postoperative days (2/49; 4.1%). Overall 30-day, 1-year, and 2-year primary patency rates were 93.7% ± 3.5%, 84.8% ± 5.9%, and 80.6% ± 6.9%, and secondary patency (SP) rates were 95.8% ± 2.9%, 89.2% ± 5.3%, and 89.2% ± 5.3%. One-segment grafts had better patencies than 2-, 3-, and 4-segment grafts (1-year SP 100% ± 0% vs 87.6% ± 6.0%). Two-year amputation-free survival was 86.8% ± 6.5%; 2-year overall survival was 88.2% ± 6.6%. CONCLUSIONS Integration of arm vein grafts in infrainguinal bypass practice can be done safely with low incidences of perioperative graft failure. One-segment grafts had better patencies than spliced vein grafts. The achieved early patency and amputation-free survival rates strongly encourage their use. In the absence of a single-segment great saphenous vein, upper extremity vein grafts should be the preferred conduit choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Biroš
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Centre for Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Robert Staffa
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Centre for Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Krejčí
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Centre for Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Novotný
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Centre for Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Skotáková
- Biostatistics, International Clinical Research Centre of St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Bobák
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Centre for Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
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Golemovic M, Skific M, Haluzan D, Pavic P, Golubic Cepulic B. Ten-year experience with cryopreserved vascular allografts in the Croatian Cardiovascular Tissue Bank. Cell Tissue Bank 2022; 23:807-824. [PMID: 35129755 PMCID: PMC8818844 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-022-09992-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Croatian Cardiovascular Tissue Bank (CTB) was established in June 2011. Activities managed by CTB are processing of heart valves and blood vessels, as well as quality control, storage, medical release and distribution of allografts. The aim of this report is to present CTB's vascular tissue activities and retrospectively evaluate the outcomes of their use in the University Hospital Centre Zagreb. Between June 2011 and July 2021, 90 vascular allografts (VAs) from 55 donors after brain death were referred to CTB. Only 54% of VAs met the tissue quality requirements while 46% of tissues were discarded. The most frequent reasons for discard were unacceptable morphology and initial microbiological contamination. Altogether 42 VAs were released for transplantation and 37 of them were used in 27 surgical procedures. The most common indication for surgery was prosthetic graft or stent infection. According to the anatomic position of vascular reconstruction, patients were divided in the aortic and peripheral reconstruction group. A total of 23 patients were treated. In the aortic reconstruction group 58% of patients did not experience any graft-related complications. In the group of patients who underwent peripheral reconstruction significant incidence of reinfection was observed highlighting it as a major graft-related complication. Despite the small patient groups and limited duration of follow-up, presented clinical outcomes provide valuable information on the efficacy of vascular allografts. Additional clinical results collected on a larger patient groups and comparison to other reconstructive treatment options are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Golemovic
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Biology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Skific
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Biology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - D Haluzan
- Department of Surgery, Division for Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - P Pavic
- Department of Surgery, Division for Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - B Golubic Cepulic
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Biology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Comparison of arterial and venous allograft bypass in chronic limb-threatening ischemia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275628. [PMID: 36301873 PMCID: PMC9612501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Femoro-popliteal bypass with autologous vascular graft is a key revascularization method in chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). However, the lack of suitable autologous conduit may occur in 15-45% of the patients, necessitating the implantation of prosthetic or allogen grafts. Only little data is available on the outcome of allograft use in CLTI. AIMS Our objective were to evaluate the long term results of infrainguinal allograft bypass surgery in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) and compare the results of arterial and venous allografts. METHODS Single center, retrospective study analysing the outcomes of infrainguinal allograft bypass surgery in patients with CLTI between January 2007 and December 2017. RESULTS During a 11-year period, 134 infrainguinal allograft bypasses were performed for CLTI [91 males (67.9%)]. Great saphenous vein (GSV) was implanted in 100 cases, superficial femoral artery (SFA) was implanted in 34 cases. Early postoperative complications appeared in 16.4% of cases and perioperative mortality (<30 days) was 1.4%. Primary patency at one, three and five years was 59%, 44% and 41%, respectively, while secondary patency was 60%, 45% and 41%, respectively. Primary patency of the SFA allografts was significantly higher than GSV allografts (1 year: SFA: 84% vs. GSV: 51% p = 0,001; 3 years: SFA: 76% vs. GSV: 32% p = 0,001; 5 years: SFA: 71% vs. GSV: 30% p = 0.001). Both primary and secondary patency of SFA allograft implanted in below-knee position were significantly higher than GSV bypasses (p = 0.0006; p = 0.0005, respectively). Limb salvage at one, three and five years following surgery was 74%, 64% and 62%, respectively. Long-term survival was 53% at 5 years. CONCLUSION Allograft implantation is a suitable method for limb salvage in CLTI. The patency of arterial allograft is better than venous allograft patency, especially in below-knee position during infrainguinal allograft bypass surgery.
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Abdul-Malak OM, Abou Ali AN, Salem KM, Sridharan N, Madigan M, Eslami MH. Alternative autologous and biologic conduits have worse outcomes than prosthetic grafts for infrainguinal bypass in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia. J Vasc Surg 2022; 76:188-195.e3. [PMID: 35314304 PMCID: PMC10804316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Single segment great saphenous vein (GSV) is the preferred conduit in infrainguinal bypass. Alternative autologous conduits (AAC) and nonautologous biologic conduits (NABC) are thought to be a better alternative to traditional prosthetic conduits (PC) in the absence of GSV. In this study we analyzed the outcomes of these alternative conduits in lower extremity bypasses (LEB) in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia. METHODS The Vascular Quality Initiative LEB database from 2003 to 2020 was queried for this study, to identify LEB in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia. Primary outcomes were graft patency, major adverse limb events (MALE), and MALE-free survival at 1 year. Standard statistical methods were used as appropriate. RESULTS We identified 22,671 LEB procedures (12,810 GSV, 6002 PC, 1907 AAC, and 1952 NABC). Compared with the GSV group, the other conduit patients were significantly older, had more comorbidities, had an increased rate of prior lower extremity interventions, had a higher rate of infrageniculate bypass targets, and were less ambulatory at baseline. The PC, AAC, and NABC groups had significantly higher rates of postoperative morbidity compared with the GSV group. The PC group had a higher 30-day mortality compared with the GSV, AAC, and NABC groups (3% PC vs 2% GSV, 2% AAC, 2% NABC; P = .049). Both PC and NABC had higher 1-year mortality compared with GSV and AAC (13% PC and 13% NABC vs 10% GSV, 10% AAC; P = .02). In an adjusted Cox regression model (stratified by infrageniculate target and adjusted for age, comorbidities, and prior vascular interventions) PC was not significantly different from GSV, but AAC (hazard ratio [HR], 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-1.67; P < .001) and NABC (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.61-2.25; P < .001) were associated with an increased risk of loss of primary patency. A similar association with MALE was observed: both AAC (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.15-1.58; P < .001) and NABC (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.53-2.11; P < .001) were associated with an increased risk of MALE compared with GSV; PC was not significantly different from GSV. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of GSV, alternative conduits (autologous or nonautologous biologic) do not confer a benefit with regard to graft patency or MALE compared with PCs. Increased operating time or costs associated with the use of these conduits is not justified based on this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman M Abdul-Malak
- Division of Vascular surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Adham N Abou Ali
- Division of Vascular surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Karim M Salem
- Division of Vascular surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Natalie Sridharan
- Division of Vascular surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Michael Madigan
- Division of Vascular surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mohammad H Eslami
- Division of Vascular surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
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Hidi L, Komorowicz E, Kovács GI, Szeberin Z, Garbaisz D, Nikolova N, Tenekedjiev K, Szabó L, Kolev K, Sótonyi P. Cryopreservation moderates the thrombogenicity of arterial allografts during storage. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255114. [PMID: 34293054 PMCID: PMC8297765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Management of vascular infections represents a major challenge in vascular surgery. The use of cryopreserved vascular allografts could be a feasible therapeutic option, but the optimal conditions for their production and use are not precisely defined. AIMS To evaluate the effects of cryopreservation and the duration of storage on the thrombogenicity of femoral artery allografts. METHODS In our prospective study, eleven multi-organ-donation-harvested human femoral arteries were examined at five time points during storage at -80°C: before cryopreservation as a fresh native sample and immediately, one, twelve and twenty-four weeks after the cryopreservation. Cross-sections of allografts were perfused with heparin-anticoagulated blood at shear-rates relevant to medium-sized arteries. The deposited platelets and fibrin were immunostained. The thrombogenicity of the intima, media and adventitia layers of the artery grafts was assessed quantitatively from the relative area covered by fibrin- and platelet-related fluorescent signal in the confocal micrographs. RESULTS Regression analysis of the fibrin and platelet coverage in the course of the 24-week storage excluded the possibility for increase in the graft thrombogenicity in the course of time and supported the hypothesis for a descending trend in fibrin generation and platelet deposition on the arterial wall. The fibrin deposition in the cryopreserved samples did not exceed the level detected in any of the three layers of the native graft. However, an early (up to week 12) shift above the native sample level was observed in the platelet adhesion to the media. CONCLUSIONS The hemostatic potential of cryopreserved arterial allografts was retained, whereas their thrombogenic potential declined during the 6-month storage. The only transient prothrombotic change was observed in the media layer, where the platelet deposition exceeded that of the fresh native grafts in the initial twelve weeks after cryopreservation, suggesting a potential clinical benefit from antiplatelet therapy in this time-window.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Hidi
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Gergely Imre Kovács
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szeberin
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Garbaisz
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Natalia Nikolova
- Department of Information Technology, Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy, Varna, Bulgaria
- Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Kiril Tenekedjiev
- Department of Information Technology, Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy, Varna, Bulgaria
- Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - László Szabó
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Functional and Structural Materials, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krasimir Kolev
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Sótonyi
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Kalinin RE, Solanik NA, Pshennikov AS, Suchkov IA, Egorov AA, Kaprov VV. [The place of arterial allograft in reconstructive surgery of the main arteries of the lower extremities]. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2020:69-74. [PMID: 33030004 DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia202009169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia, especially in the absence of autologous vein, prosthetic and native vascular infections are isolated diseases for which there currently doesn't have best surgical treatment. Vascular allografts may be the treatment of choice for these patients. In this analysis, we tried to reflect the directions of development of vascular allotransplantation, global trends related to indications for their use, methods of conservation, degradation and endothelial dysfunction. At the present time there doesn't have meta-analyzes on the efficiency of using arterial allografts or other options for implantation (synthetic graft, xenografts) for critical limb ischemia and graft and native infections. Now it is wrong to recommend using them always. Further studies of their performance are necessary. In addition, development of graft control techniques is also needed when rejection develops. Currently, there are no special diagnostic markers, the assessment of which could save patients with immune-mediated dilatation and dysfunction of allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Kalinin
- Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
| | - N A Solanik
- Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
| | - A S Pshennikov
- Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia.,Ryazan State Clinical Hospital, Ryazan, Russia
| | - I A Suchkov
- Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
| | - A A Egorov
- Ryazan State Clinical Hospital, Ryazan, Russia
| | - V V Kaprov
- Ryazan State Clinical Hospital, Ryazan, Russia
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Guevara-Noriega KA, Armstrong V, Bejarano M, Sosa-Aranguren C, Riera-Hernandez C, Lopez P, Cordoba-Fernandez N, Gonzalez-Cañas E, Pomar JL. Registry of Valvular and Vascular Allograft Transplants in the Autonomous Community of Catalonia, Spain (ReVAC): Design of the Registry. Transplant Proc 2020; 52:360-364. [PMID: 31948802 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, there have been significant changes in the perception of valvular and vascular allograft transplants. Despite the constant evolution of the field of transplant and the involvement of multiple surgical specialties, there is not an official registry for administrative and clinical control. This study aims to design a registry of vascular and valvular allograft transplantation in Catalonia, Spain (ReVAC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Three consecutive focal groups were designed. Focal groups established administrative, technical, and clinical requirements of ReVAC. ReVAC included patients with a transplanted cryopreserved vascular segment or cardiac valves that were distributed by Catalan tissue banks to public and private hospitals in Catalonia. Ten hospitals were involved in this study. Data were collected on 380 patients between January 1995 and November 2015. RESULTS The project resulted in the completion of a growing platform available online. ReVAC was divided into the following 3 levels: patient-related, surgery-related, and transplant-related data. Online access is available through the website of applications of the "Generalitat de Catalunya." CONCLUSION ReVAC has been useful for administrative and clinical control of transplants in Catalonia. Currently, data related to outcomes of arterial allografts are available, reinforcing the current guideline-supported indications, as well as opening a window for further analysis and guideline creation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerbi Alejandro Guevara-Noriega
- Vascular Surgery Department, Parc Tauli University Hospital, Sabadell, Spain; General Surgery Department, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida.
| | - Valerie Armstrong
- General Surgery Department, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Miguel Bejarano
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Pedro Lopez
- Tissue Transplant, Catalan Organization of Transplants, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Jose Luis Pomar
- Cardiovascular Surgery Deparment, Hospital Clinic i Provincial, Barcelona, Spain
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