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Spanos K, Volakakis G, Kouvelos G, Haidoulis A, Dakis K, Karathanos C, Stamatiou G, Arnaoutoglou E, Matsagkas M, Giannoukas A. Transition from Open Repair to Endovascular Aneurysm Repair for Rupture Aortic Aneurysms throughout a 16-Year Period of Time in a Single Tertiary Center. Ann Vasc Surg 2024; 100:120-127. [PMID: 38154496 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2023.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is recommended as the first option for both elective and ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAAs) with suitable anatomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of the gradual adoption of ruptured EVAR (rEVAR) as first option in the management of rAAAs in a reference tertiary center over a 16 year-period. METHODS A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected clinical data was undertaken, including all patients that were treated for rAAA infrarenal or juxtarenal either with open surgical repair (OSR) or EVAR from 2006-2023. Three periods were identified and analyzed: Initial (2006-2011); intermediate (2012-2017); and current (2018-2023). The primary outcomes were the 30-day mortality rate in relation to the changing pattern of treatment. Secondary outcomes were re-intervention and mortality during the follow up period. RESULTS Two hundred patients were treated for rAAA; 52% by endovascular means [EVAR (94), Ch-EVAR (9), and branched endovascular aneurysm repair (1)] and 48% by OSR (96). In the initial period, 61 patients were treated for rAAA (21% EVAR vs. 79% OSR), 68 in intermediate patients (47% EVAR vs. 53% OSR), and 71 in current period (83% EVAR vs. 17% OSR). Only in the current period juxta -renal rAAAs were treated by endovascular means (14%). The 30-day mortality rate was 46% in initial period (31% for EVAR vs. 50% for OSR), 64% in second period (46% in EVAR vs. 80% for OSR), and 35% in third period (25% for EVAR vs. 83% for OSR). The mean follow up did not differ between the groups, (EVAR 28.3 ± 2 months, vs. OSR 33.1 ± 3 months, P = 0.56). The survival rate did not differ between the groups; in rEVAR was 82% (SE 5%), 74% (SE 6%), 68% (SE 6.5%), and 63% (SE 7.7%) at 12, 24, 36, and 48 months, respectively, and in OSR was 76% (SE 7%), 66% (SE 8%), and 56% (SE 9.5%) at 6, 24, and 48 months, respectively (P = 0.544). CONCLUSIONS Through a 16-year period, the implementation of EVAR as treatment of choice for rAAAs over OSR resulted in a noticeable reduction in the 30-day mortality. rEVAR was feasible in over 80% of rAAA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Spanos
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Georgios Volakakis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - George Kouvelos
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Athanasios Haidoulis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dakis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Christos Karathanos
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgia Stamatiou
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Elena Arnaoutoglou
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Miltiadis Matsagkas
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Athanasios Giannoukas
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Ntalouka MP, Nana P, Brotis A, Chatzis A, Mermiri M, Stamoulis K, Bareka M, Giannoukas A, Matsagkas M, Arnaoutoglou E. Predictors of 30-Day Postoperative Outcome after Elective Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: A Tertiary Referral Center Experience. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6004. [PMID: 37762945 PMCID: PMC10531488 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12186004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the 30-day postoperative outcome after elective endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and the possible predictors for the 30-day postoperative outcome. MATERIALS Demographics, medical history, laboratory values, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and 30-day complications classified as major (major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), acute kidney injury (AKI) and death of any cause) and minor (postimplantation syndrome (PIS), postoperative delirium (POD), urinary tract infection (UTI) and technical graft failure) were documented (March 2016 to February 2019). RESULTS We included 322 patients. The majority were managed under general anesthesia (83%) with femoral cutdown (98.1%). Overall, 121 (37.5%) complications, mostly minor (n = 103, 31.9%), were recorded. In total, 11 patients (3.4%) developed MACEs, 5 (1.6%) experienced AKI and 2 (0.6%) died in the ICU. Moreover, 77 patients (23.9%) suffered from PIS, 11 from POD, 11 from UTI and 4 from technical graft failure. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that aneurysm diameter (p = 0.01) and past smoking (p = 0.003) were predictors for complications. PAD was an independent predictor of MACEs (p = 0.003), preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of AKI (p = 0.003) and past smoking of PIS (p = 0.008), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the 30-day morbidity after EVAR exceeded 35%. However, the majority of complications were minor, and the associated mortality was low. Aneurysm diameter and past smoking were independent predictors for postoperative outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P. Ntalouka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa University Hospital, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (M.P.N.); (A.C.); (M.M.); (K.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Petroula Nana
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa University Hospital, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (P.N.); (A.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Alexandros Brotis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa University Hospital, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Chatzis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa University Hospital, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (M.P.N.); (A.C.); (M.M.); (K.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Maria Mermiri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa University Hospital, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (M.P.N.); (A.C.); (M.M.); (K.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Konstantinos Stamoulis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa University Hospital, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (M.P.N.); (A.C.); (M.M.); (K.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Metaxia Bareka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa University Hospital, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (M.P.N.); (A.C.); (M.M.); (K.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Athanasios Giannoukas
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa University Hospital, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (P.N.); (A.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Miltiadis Matsagkas
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa University Hospital, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (P.N.); (A.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Eleni Arnaoutoglou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa University Hospital, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (M.P.N.); (A.C.); (M.M.); (K.S.); (M.B.)
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Capturing the Complexity of Open Abdominal Aortic Surgery in the Endovascular Era. J Vasc Surg 2022; 76:1520-1526. [PMID: 35714893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Volume and quality benchmarks for open abdominal aortic surgery and particularly open aortic aneurysm repair (OAR) in the endovascular era are guided by the Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) guidelines, but the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) OAR module fails to capture the full spectrum of complex OAR. We hypothesized that VQI-ineligible complex OAR is the dominant form of open repairs performed at a VQI-participating tertiary center. METHODS All OAR cases performed at a single tertiary care center from 2007 to 2020 were reviewed. The VQI OAR criteria were applied with exclusions (non-VQI) defined as concomitant renal bypass, clamping above the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) or celiac artery, repairs performed for trauma, anastomotic aneurysm, isolated iliac aneurysm, or infected aneurysms. Linear regression was used to assess temporal trends. RESULTS Among a total of 481 open abdominal aortic operations, 355 (74%) were OAR. The average annual OAR volume remained stable over 14 years (25 ± 6; P = .46). Non-VQI OAR comprised 54% of all cases and persisted over time (R2 = .047, P = .46). Supra-celiac clamping (35%) was often necessary. The proportion of endograft explantation cases significantly increased over time from 4% in 2007 to 20% in 2019 (P = .01). Infectious indications represented 20% (n = 70) of cases. Visceral branch grafts were performed in 16% of all cases. OAR for ruptured aneurysm constituted 10% of cases. Thirty-day mortality was significantly higher in non-VQI vs. VQI-eligible OAR cases (10% vs. 4%; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Complex OAR comprises a majority of OAR cases in a contemporary tertiary referral hospital, yet these cases are not accounted for in the VQI. Creation of a "complex OAR" VQI module would capture these cases in a quality-driven national registry and help to better inform benchmarks for volume and outcomes in aortic surgery.
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Soo Hoo AJ, Fitzgibbon JJ, Hussain MA, Scully RE, Servais AB, Nguyen LL, Gravereaux EC, Semel ME, Marcaccio EJ, Menard MT, Ozaki CK, Belkin M. Contemporary Indications for Open Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair in the Endovascular Era. J Vasc Surg 2022; 76:923-931.e1. [PMID: 35367568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.03.866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Despite the emergence of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) as the most common approach to abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, open aneurysm repair (OAR) remains an important option. This study seeks to define the indications for OAR in the EVAR era and how these indications effect outcomes. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed of all OAR at a single institution from 2004 to 2019. Pre-operative computed tomography scans and operative records were assessed to determine the indication for OAR. These reasons were categorized into anatomical contraindications; systemic factors (connective tissue disorders, contraindication to contrast dye); and patient/surgeon preference (patients who were candidates for both EVAR and OAR). Perioperative and long-term outcomes were compared between the groups. RESULTS 370 patients were included in the analysis; 71.6% (265/370) had at least one anatomic contraindication to EVAR; 36% had two or more contraindications. The most common anatomic contraindications were short aortic neck length (51.6%), inadequate distal seal zone (19.2%), and inadequate access vessels (15.7%). The major perioperative complication rate was 18.1% and the 30-day mortality was 3.0%. No single anatomic factor was identified as a predictor of perioperative complications. Sixty-one patients (16.5%) had OAR based on patient/surgeon preference; these patients were younger; had lower incidences of coronary artery disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; and they were less likely to require suprarenal cross clamping compared with patients who had anatomic and/or systemic contraindications to EVAR. The patient/surgeon preference group had a lower incidence of perioperative major complications (8.2% versus 20.1%, p=0.034), shorter length of stay (6 versus 8 days, p<0.001) and zero 30-day mortalities. The multivariable adjusted risk for 15-year mortality was lower for patient/surgeon preference patients (adjusted hazard ratio 0.44 [95% confidence interval 0.24-0.80], p=0.007) compared to those anatomic/systemic contraindications. CONCLUSIONS Within a population of patients who did not meet instruction for use (IFU) criteria for EVAR, no single anatomic contraindication was a marker for worse outcomes with OAR. Patients who were candidates for both aortic repair approaches but elected to have open surgical repair due to patient/surgeon preference have very low 30-day mortality and morbidity, and superior long-term survival rates compared with those patients who had OAR due to anatomic and/or systemic contraindications to EVAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Soo Hoo
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - James J Fitzgibbon
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Mohamad A Hussain
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Centre for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca E Scully
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew B Servais
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Louis L Nguyen
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Edwin C Gravereaux
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Marcus E Semel
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Edward J Marcaccio
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew T Menard
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - C Keith Ozaki
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Michael Belkin
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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Kessler V, Klopf J, Eilenberg W, Neumayer C, Brostjan C. AAA Revisited: A Comprehensive Review of Risk Factors, Management, and Hallmarks of Pathogenesis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:94. [PMID: 35052774 PMCID: PMC8773452 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite declining incidence and mortality rates in many countries, the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) continues to represent a life-threatening cardiovascular condition with an overall prevalence of about 2-3% in the industrialized world. While the risk of AAA development is considerably higher for men of advanced age with a history of smoking, screening programs serve to detect the often asymptomatic condition and prevent aortic rupture with an associated death rate of up to 80%. This review summarizes the current knowledge on identified risk factors, the multifactorial process of pathogenesis, as well as the latest advances in medical treatment and surgical repair to provide a perspective for AAA management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christine Brostjan
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.); (J.K.); (W.E.); (C.N.)
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