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Rojas-Castillo OA, Kepfer Rojas S, Juen L, Montag LFDA, Carvalho FG, Mendes TP, Chua KWJ, Wilkinson CL, Amal MNA, Fahmi-Ahmad M, Jacobsen D. Meta-analysis contrasting freshwater biodiversity in forests and oil palm plantations with and without riparian buffers. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14172. [PMID: 37650444 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of oil palm plantations has led to land-use change and deforestation in the tropics, which has affected biodiversity. Although the impacts of the crop on terrestrial biodiversity have been extensively reviewed, its effects on freshwater biodiversity remain relatively unexplored. We reviewed the research assessing the impacts of forest-to-oil palm conversion on freshwater biota and the mitigating effect of riparian buffers on these impacts. We searched for studies comparing taxa richness, species abundance, and community composition of macroinvertebrates, amphibians, and fish in streams in forests (primary and disturbed) and oil palm plantations with and without riparian buffers. Then, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantify the overall effect of the land-use change on the 3 taxonomic groups. Twenty-nine studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. On average, plantations lacking buffers hosted 44% and 19% fewer stream taxa than primary and disturbed forests, respectively. Stream taxa on plantations with buffers were 24% lower than in primary forest and did not differ significantly from disturbed forest. In contrast, stream community composition differed between forests and plantations regardless of the presence of riparian buffers. These differences were attributed to agrochemical use and altered environmental conditions in the plantations, including temperature changes, worsened water conditions, microhabitat loss, and food and shelter depletion. On aggregate, abundance did not differ significantly among land uses because increases in generalist species offset the population decline of vulnerable forest specialists in the plantation. Our results reveal significant impacts of forest-to-oil palm conversion on freshwater biota, particularly taxa richness and composition (but not aggregate abundance). Although preserving riparian buffers in the plantations can mitigate the loss of various aquatic species, it cannot conserve primary forest communities. Therefore, safeguarding primary forests from the oil palm expansion is crucial, and further research is needed to address riparian buffers as a promising mitigation strategy in agricultural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Alberto Rojas-Castillo
- Freshwater Biology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Kepfer Rojas
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leandro Juen
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago Pereira Mendes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Ambiente, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais e Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Kenny Wei Jie Chua
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Clare L Wilkinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | | | - Muhammad Fahmi-Ahmad
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Dean Jacobsen
- Freshwater Biology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wurz A, Tscharntke T, Martin DA, Osen K, Rakotomalala AANA, Raveloaritiana E, Andrianisaina F, Dröge S, Fulgence TR, Soazafy MR, Andriafanomezantsoa R, Andrianarimisa A, Babarezoto FS, Barkmann J, Hänke H, Hölscher D, Kreft H, Rakouth B, Guerrero-Ramírez NR, Ranarijaona HLT, Randriamanantena R, Ratsoavina FM, Raveloson Ravaomanarivo LH, Grass I. Win-win opportunities combining high yields with high multi-taxa biodiversity in tropical agroforestry. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4127. [PMID: 35882849 PMCID: PMC9325886 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolving ecological-economic trade-offs between biodiversity and yields is a key challenge when addressing the biodiversity crisis in tropical agricultural landscapes. Here, we focused on the relation between seven different taxa (trees, herbaceous plants, birds, amphibians, reptiles, butterflies, and ants) and yields in vanilla agroforests in Madagascar. Agroforests established in forests supported overall 23% fewer species and 47% fewer endemic species than old-growth forests, and 14% fewer endemic species than forest fragments. In contrast, agroforests established on fallows had overall 12% more species and 38% more endemic species than fallows. While yields increased with vanilla vine density and length, non-yield related variables largely determined biodiversity. Nonetheless, trade-offs existed between yields and butterflies as well as reptiles. Vanilla yields were generally unrelated to richness of trees, herbaceous plants, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and ants, opening up possibilities for conservation outside of protected areas and restoring degraded land to benefit farmers and biodiversity alike. Resolving ecological-economic trade-offs is a challenge in agriculture. Here, Wurz et al. find that in Malagasy vanilla agroforests, vanilla yield is generally not related to tree, herbaceous plant, bird, amphibian, reptile and ant biodiversity, creating opportunities for conservation outside protected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Wurz
- Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany. .,Conservation Ecology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dominic Andreas Martin
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Osen
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anjaharinony A N A Rakotomalala
- Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Entomology Department Faculty of Science, University of Antananarivo, PO Box 906, Antananarivo, 101, Madagascar
| | - Estelle Raveloaritiana
- Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Plant Biology and Ecology Department, University of Antananarivo, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Fanilo Andrianisaina
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and Sustainable Development, Higher School of Agronomic Science,University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Saskia Dröge
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thio Rosin Fulgence
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Zoology and Animal Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar.,Natural and Environmental Sciences, Regional University Centre of the SAVA Region (CURSA), Antalaha, Madagascar
| | - Marie Rolande Soazafy
- Natural and Environmental Sciences, Regional University Centre of the SAVA Region (CURSA), Antalaha, Madagascar.,Doctoral School of Natural Ecosystems (EDEN), University of Mahajanga, Mahajanga, Madagascar
| | - Rouvah Andriafanomezantsoa
- Zoology and Animal Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Aristide Andrianarimisa
- Zoology and Animal Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Jan Barkmann
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Research Unit Environmental- and Resource Economics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Hänke
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Research Unit Environmental- and Resource Economics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Hölscher
- Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bakolimalala Rakouth
- Plant Biology and Ecology Department, University of Antananarivo, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Nathaly R Guerrero-Ramírez
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Romual Randriamanantena
- Natural and Environmental Sciences, Regional University Centre of the SAVA Region (CURSA), Antalaha, Madagascar
| | | | | | - Ingo Grass
- Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 13, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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