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Bezandry R, Dupeyron M, Gonzalez-Garcia LN, Anest A, Hamon P, Ranarijaona HLT, Vavitsara ME, Sabatier S, Guyot R. The evolutionary history of three Baracoffea species from western Madagascar revealed by chloroplast and nuclear genomes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296362. [PMID: 38206909 PMCID: PMC10783717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The wild species of the Coffea genus present a very wide morphological, genetic, and biochemical diversity. Wild species are recognized more resistant to diseases, pests, and environmental variations than the two species currently cultivated worldwide: C. arabica (Arabica) and C. canephora (Robusta). Consequently, wild species are now considered as a crucial resource for adapting cultivated coffee trees to climate change. Within the Coffea genus, 79 wild species are native to the Indian Ocean islands of Comoros, Mayotte, Mauritius, Réunion and Madagascar, out of a total of 141 taxa worldwide. Among them, a group of 9 species called "Baracoffea" are particularly atypical in their morphology and adaptation to the sandy soils of the dry deciduous forests of western Madagascar. Here, we have attempted to shed light on the evolutionary history of three Baracoffea species: C. ambongensis, C. boinensis and C. bissetiae by analyzing their chloroplast and nuclear genomes. We assembled the complete chloroplast genomes de novo and extracted 28,800 SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) markers from the nuclear genomes. These data were used for phylogenetic analysis of Baracoffea with Coffea species from Madagascar and Africa. Our new data support the monophyletic origin of Baracoffea within the Coffea of Madagascar, but also reveal a divergence with a sister clade of four species: C. augagneurii, C. ratsimamangae, C. pervilleana and C. Mcphersonii (also called C. vohemarensis), belonging to the Subterminal botanical series and living in dry or humid forests of northern Madagascar. Based on a bioclimatic analysis, our work suggests that Baracoffea may have diverged from a group of Malagasy Coffea from northern Madagascar and adapted to the specific dry climate and low rainfall of western Madagascar. The genomic data generated in the course of this work will contribute to the understanding of the adaptation mechanisms of these particularly singular species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickarlos Bezandry
- École Doctorale sur les Écosystèmes Naturels (EDEN), Mahajanga, Madagascar
- Faculté des Sciences de Technologie et de l’Environnement (FSTE), Université de Mahajanga, Mahajanga, Madagascar
| | - Mathilde Dupeyron
- UMR DIADE, IRD, CIRAD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Natalia Gonzalez-Garcia
- UMR DIADE, IRD, CIRAD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Systems and Computing Engineering Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Artemis Anest
- AMAP, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Perla Hamon
- UMR DIADE, IRD, CIRAD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hery Lisy Tiana Ranarijaona
- Faculté des Sciences de Technologie et de l’Environnement (FSTE), Université de Mahajanga, Mahajanga, Madagascar
| | - Marie Elodie Vavitsara
- Faculté des Sciences de Technologie et de l’Environnement (FSTE), Université de Mahajanga, Mahajanga, Madagascar
| | - Sylvie Sabatier
- AMAP, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Romain Guyot
- UMR DIADE, IRD, CIRAD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Raveloaritiana E, Wurz A, Osen K, Soazafy MR, Grass I, Martin DA, Bemamy C, Ranarijaona HLT, Borgerson C, Kreft H, Hölscher D, Rakouth B, Tscharntke T. Complementary ecosystem services from multiple land uses highlight the importance of tropical mosaic landscapes. Ambio 2023; 52:1558-1574. [PMID: 37286920 PMCID: PMC10460756 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tropical agricultural landscapes often consist of a mosaic of different land uses, yet little is known about the spectrum of ecosystem service bundles and materials they provide to rural households. We interviewed 320 households on the different benefits received from prevalent land-use types in north-eastern Madagascar (old-growth forests, forest fragments, vanilla agroforests, woody fallows, herbaceous fallows, and rice paddies) in terms of ecosystem services and plant uses. Old-growth forests and forest fragments were reported as important for regulating services (e.g. water regulation), whilst fallow lands and vanilla agroforests as important for provisioning services (food, medicine, fodder). Households reported the usage of 285 plant species (56% non-endemics) and collected plants from woody fallows for varying purposes, whilst plants from forest fragments, predominantly endemics, were used for construction and weaving. Multiple land-use types are thus complementary for providing ecosystem services, with fallow lands being particularly important. Hence, balancing societal needs and conservation goals should be based on diversified and comprehensive land management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Raveloaritiana
- Plant Biology and Ecology Department, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems and Engineering Laboratory, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Annemarie Wurz
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Conservation Ecology, Department of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Osen
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marie Rolande Soazafy
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Natural and Environmental Sciences, Regional University Centre of the SAVA Region (CURSA), Antalaha, Madagascar
- Natural Ecosystems (EDEN), University of Mahajanga, Mahajanga, Madagascar
| | - Ingo Grass
- Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dominic Andreas Martin
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudine Bemamy
- Diversity Turn in Land Use Sciences Research Project, Sambava, Madagascar
| | | | - Cortni Borgerson
- Department of Anthropology, Montclair State University, Montclair, USA
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Hölscher
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bakolimalala Rakouth
- Plant Biology and Ecology Department, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Wurz A, Tscharntke T, Martin DA, Osen K, Rakotomalala AANA, Raveloaritiana E, Andrianisaina F, Dröge S, Fulgence TR, Soazafy MR, Andriafanomezantsoa R, Andrianarimisa A, Babarezoto FS, Barkmann J, Hänke H, Hölscher D, Kreft H, Rakouth B, Guerrero-Ramírez NR, Ranarijaona HLT, Randriamanantena R, Ratsoavina FM, Raveloson Ravaomanarivo LH, Grass I. Win-win opportunities combining high yields with high multi-taxa biodiversity in tropical agroforestry. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4127. [PMID: 35882849 PMCID: PMC9325886 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolving ecological-economic trade-offs between biodiversity and yields is a key challenge when addressing the biodiversity crisis in tropical agricultural landscapes. Here, we focused on the relation between seven different taxa (trees, herbaceous plants, birds, amphibians, reptiles, butterflies, and ants) and yields in vanilla agroforests in Madagascar. Agroforests established in forests supported overall 23% fewer species and 47% fewer endemic species than old-growth forests, and 14% fewer endemic species than forest fragments. In contrast, agroforests established on fallows had overall 12% more species and 38% more endemic species than fallows. While yields increased with vanilla vine density and length, non-yield related variables largely determined biodiversity. Nonetheless, trade-offs existed between yields and butterflies as well as reptiles. Vanilla yields were generally unrelated to richness of trees, herbaceous plants, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and ants, opening up possibilities for conservation outside of protected areas and restoring degraded land to benefit farmers and biodiversity alike. Resolving ecological-economic trade-offs is a challenge in agriculture. Here, Wurz et al. find that in Malagasy vanilla agroforests, vanilla yield is generally not related to tree, herbaceous plant, bird, amphibian, reptile and ant biodiversity, creating opportunities for conservation outside protected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Wurz
- Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany. .,Conservation Ecology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dominic Andreas Martin
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Osen
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anjaharinony A N A Rakotomalala
- Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Entomology Department Faculty of Science, University of Antananarivo, PO Box 906, Antananarivo, 101, Madagascar
| | - Estelle Raveloaritiana
- Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Plant Biology and Ecology Department, University of Antananarivo, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Fanilo Andrianisaina
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and Sustainable Development, Higher School of Agronomic Science,University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Saskia Dröge
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thio Rosin Fulgence
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Zoology and Animal Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar.,Natural and Environmental Sciences, Regional University Centre of the SAVA Region (CURSA), Antalaha, Madagascar
| | - Marie Rolande Soazafy
- Natural and Environmental Sciences, Regional University Centre of the SAVA Region (CURSA), Antalaha, Madagascar.,Doctoral School of Natural Ecosystems (EDEN), University of Mahajanga, Mahajanga, Madagascar
| | - Rouvah Andriafanomezantsoa
- Zoology and Animal Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Aristide Andrianarimisa
- Zoology and Animal Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Jan Barkmann
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Research Unit Environmental- and Resource Economics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Hänke
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Research Unit Environmental- and Resource Economics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Hölscher
- Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bakolimalala Rakouth
- Plant Biology and Ecology Department, University of Antananarivo, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Nathaly R Guerrero-Ramírez
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Romual Randriamanantena
- Natural and Environmental Sciences, Regional University Centre of the SAVA Region (CURSA), Antalaha, Madagascar
| | | | | | - Ingo Grass
- Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 13, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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Simmen B, Harpet C, Hladik A, Edmond R, Pioch C, Combo AS, Andriaholinirina N, Ranarijaona HLT, Randriamanana LME, Chambon M, Li T, Rasoamanantenaniaina C, Randriarisoa AM, Razanajatovo H, Manzi OJL, Hladik CM, Riera B. Forest Fragments, Lemur Communities and Local Perception of Nature in a Protected Area of Northwestern Madagascar. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.772808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological conservation projects conducted in inhabited areas are often based on the combination of ecological diagnostics and study of practices and use of the environment by local communities. They less frequently integrate the influence of the perception and representation of nature on these practices, while these should also be taken into account in the initiation of sustainable conservation actions. We carried out a long-term study combining biological and social science approaches in North-western Madagascar in the Antrema protected area (with dry forest/savannah/coastal ecosystems), including an analysis of the use and perception of nature by its inhabitants. Together with the study of tree diversity, forest structure and biomass in 7 forest fragments, we estimated population densities of whole communities of diurnal and nocturnal lemurs, one of which is considered sacred. We interviewed local resource users from several villages using classical methods of social anthropology supplemented with perception tests derived from sensory evaluation methods. The structure of forest fragments as well as their basal area and richness in tree species varied with human pressure on specific plants (timber extraction) or with historical changes in pasture management (forest regrowth). Lemurs were generally abundant, with a high total biomass compared to other dry forests. Although the inhabitants of Antrema (Sakalava, Tsimihety, and Betsileo) still strongly adhered to local use rights and shared deeply rooted knowledge about the forest, the use and perception of nature (e.g., regarding the sacred lemur Propithecus coronatus) have changed since the Antrema protection project in 2000. The results suggest that local communities tend to integrate traditional rules about nature with international environmental regulation, perhaps a sign of a new ecological awareness. However, in the new management mode accompanying this transition, it can also be a means of local empowerment that takes advantage of a program supporting pro-environmental management of the Antrema area.
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