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Babik W, Marszałek M, Dudek K, Antunes B, Palomar G, Zając B, Taugbøl A, Pabijan M. Limited evidence for genetic differentiation or adaptation in two amphibian species across replicated rural-urban gradients. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13700. [PMID: 38832082 PMCID: PMC11146147 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Urbanization leads to complex environmental changes and poses multiple challenges to organisms. Amphibians are highly susceptible to the effects of urbanization, with land use conversion, habitat destruction, and degradation ranked as the most significant threats. Consequently, amphibians are declining in urban areas, in both population numbers and abundance, however, the effect of urbanization on population genetic parameters remains unclear. Here, we studied the genomic response to urbanization in two widespread European species, the common toad Bufo bufo (26 localities, 480 individuals), and the smooth newt Lissotriton vulgaris (30 localities, 516 individuals) in three geographic regions: southern and northern Poland and southern Norway. We assessed genome-wide SNP variation using RADseq (ca. 42 and 552 thousand SNPs in toads and newts, respectively) and adaptively relevant major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II genes. The results linked most of the genetic differentiation in both marker types to regional (latitudinal) effects, which also correspond to historical biogeography. Further, we did not find any association between genetic differentiation and level of urbanization at local scales for either species. However, urban smooth newts, but not toads, have lower levels of within-population genome-wide diversity, suggesting higher susceptibility to the negative effects of urbanization. A decreasing level of genetic diversity linked to increasing urbanization was also found for MHC II in smooth newts, while the relationship between MHC class I diversity and urbanization differed between geographic regions. We did not find any effects of urbanization on MHC diversity in the toad populations. Although two genetic environment association analyses of genome-wide data, LFMM and BayPass, revealed numerous (219 in B. bufo and 7040 in L. vulgaris) SNPs statistically associated with urbanization, we found a marked lack of repeatability between geographic regions, suggesting a complex and multifaceted response to natural selection elicited by life in the city.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Babik
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - M. Marszałek
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - K. Dudek
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - B. Antunes
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - G. Palomar
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological SciencesComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - B. Zając
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical ResearchJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - A. Taugbøl
- Norwegian Institute for Nature ResearchLillehammerNorway
| | - M. Pabijan
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical ResearchJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
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Rainey TA, Schneider AC, Pakula CJ, Swanson BJ. As human societies urbanize, so does ecology; taxonomic, geographic, and other research trends in urban vertebrate ecology. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11439. [PMID: 38774138 PMCID: PMC11106554 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The threat to biodiversity posed by urban expansion is well researched and supported. Since the late 1990s, the field of urban ecology has been expanding along with the developed landscapes it studies. Past reviews have shown unequal publication rates in urban ecology literature for taxonomic groups and research locations. Herein, we explore differences in the publication rate of urban studies by vertebrate groups, but also expand on previous investigations by broadening the scope of the literature searched, exploring trends in subtopics within the urban wildlife literature, identifying geographic patterns of such publications, and comparing the rate at which non-native and threatened and endangered species are studied in urban settings. We used linear and segmented regression to assess publication rates and Fisher's exact tests for comparisons between groups. All vertebrate groups show an increasing proportion of urban studies through time, with urban avian studies accelerating most sharply and herpetofauna appearing to be understudied. Non-native mammals are more studied than non-native birds, and threatened and endangered herpetofauna and mammals are more likely to be studied than threatened and endangered birds in urban areas. The plurality of urban wildlife studies are found in North America, while there is a dearth of studies from Africa, Asia, and South America. Our results can help inform decisions of urban ecologists on how to better fill in knowledge gaps and bring a greater degree of equity into the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis A. Rainey
- Department of BiologyCentral Michigan UniversityMount PleasantMichiganUSA
| | - Alaini C. Schneider
- Department of BiologyCentral Michigan UniversityMount PleasantMichiganUSA
- Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc.Golden ValleyMinnesotaUSA
| | - Carson J. Pakula
- Department of BiologyCentral Michigan UniversityMount PleasantMichiganUSA
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryUniversity of GeorgiaAikenSouth CarolinaUSA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Bradley J. Swanson
- Department of BiologyCentral Michigan UniversityMount PleasantMichiganUSA
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3
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Rannaud-Bartaire P, Demeneix BA, Fini JB. Pressures of the urban environment on the endocrine system: Adverse effects and adaptation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 583:112125. [PMID: 38147952 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
With an increasing collective awareness of the rapid environmental changes, questions and theories regarding the adaptability of organisms are emerging. Global warming as well as chemical and non-chemical pollution have been identified as triggers of these adaptative changes, but can we link different kinds of stressors to certain phenotypic traits? The physiological adaptation, and particularly endocrine system adaptation, of living beings to urban environments is a fascinating way of studying urban endocrinology, which has emerged as a research field in 2007. In this paper, we stress how endocrine disruption in humans and environment can be studied in the urban environment by measuring the levels of pollution, endocrine activities or adversity. We broaden the focus to include not only exposure to the chemicals that have invaded our private spheres and their effects on wild and domestic species but also non-chemical effectors such as light, noise and climate change. We argue that taking into account the various urban stress factors and their effects on the endocrine system would enable the adoption of new approaches to protect living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rannaud-Bartaire
- PhyMa Unit, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005, Paris, France; Université Catholique de Lille, l'hôpital Saint-Vincent-De-Paul, Boulevard de Belfort, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Barbara A Demeneix
- PhyMa Unit, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- PhyMa Unit, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005, Paris, France.
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Ibáñez-Álamo JD, Izquierdo L, Mourocq E, Benedetti Y, Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki ML, Jokimäki J, Morelli F, Rubio E, Pérez-Contreras T, Sprau P, Suhonen J, Tryjanowski P, Díaz M. Urban landscape organization is associated with species-specific traits in European birds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:167937. [PMID: 37871820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization is one of the main current drivers of the global biodiversity loss. Cities are usually developed in a gradient between land-sharing (low density housing with small and fragmented green areas) and land-sparing areas (high density housing with large and non-fragmented green patches) depending on the spatial organization of urban attributes. Previous studies have indicated differences in biodiversity between these two urban development types, but mechanisms underlying these differences are inadequately understood. In this context, the landscape features of each urban development type may select for organisms with specific traits. To analyze it, we quantified birds in 9 European cities during the breeding and wintering season, collected species-specific traits and performed Bayesian comparative analyses. We found that birds living in land-sparing areas had a higher reproductive investment and a higher nesting specialization than birds living in land-sharing areas during the breeding season. Typical birds from land-sparing urban areas during winter are fast-lived species. Our results indicate that urban development type could have an important role selecting animal traits and provides useful information on how to build more biodiversity-friendly cities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucía Izquierdo
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Emeline Mourocq
- Giving Life To Data-Biostatistics Analysis Services, Les Fournels, FR-34390 Prémian, France
| | - Yanina Benedetti
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jukka Jokimäki
- Nature Inventory and EIA-Services, Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, P. O. Box 122, FI-96101 Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Federico Morelli
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafrana St. 1, PL-65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Enrique Rubio
- Dept of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Univ. Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, C/José Antonio Novais, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Pérez-Contreras
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Philipp Sprau
- Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jukka Suhonen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- Department of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, PL-60-625 Poznań, Poland
| | - Mario Díaz
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (BGC-MNCN-CSIC), E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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Zhou J, Liao Z, Liu Z, Guo X, Zhang W, Chen Y. Urbanization increases stochasticity and reduces the ecological stability of microbial communities in amphibian hosts. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1108662. [PMID: 36713161 PMCID: PMC9878570 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1108662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Urbanization not only profoundly alters landscape profiles, ecosystems and vertebrate faunal diversity but also disturbs microbial communities by increasing stochasticity, vulnerability, biotic homogenization, etc. However, because of the buffering effect of host species, microbial communities are expected to be influenced by both host species and urbanization stresses. Therefore, the impacts of urbanization on animals' microbial symbionts could be more complex and uncertain. In this study, we quantified the urbanization degree of sampling sites and surveyed the gut and skin microbes of three amphibian host species in different sites in urban parks and nearby villages of Chengdu, Southwest China. Furthermore, a co-occurrence network analysis, the phylogenetic normalized stochasticity ratio and Sloan neutral community models were applied to infer the impact of urbanization on symbiotic microbial communities. For the three host species, urbanization increased the diversity of symbiotic microbes and the number of keystone microbial taxa. However, the negative effects of such increased diversification were evident, as the community stochasticity and co-occurrence network structure vulnerability also increased, while the network structure complexity and stability were reduced. Finally, the community stochasticity had positive associations with the network vulnerability, implying that the existence of many transient symbiotic rare microbial taxa in urban parks makes the symbiotic microbial community structure more fragile. Conclusively, urbanization increased the symbiotic microbial diversity at the cost of community stability; the results provide a new perspective for better understanding the complex triangulated environment-host-microbe relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- China-Croatia “Belt and Road” Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyan Liao
- China-Croatia “Belt and Road” Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- China-Croatia “Belt and Road” Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuecheng Guo
- China-Croatia “Belt and Road” Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- China-Croatia “Belt and Road” Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youhua Chen
- China-Croatia “Belt and Road” Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Youhua Chen,
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Liu G, Kingsford RT, Callaghan CT, Rowley JJL. Anthropogenic habitat modification alters calling phenology of frogs. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6194-6208. [PMID: 35949049 PMCID: PMC9804319 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic habitat modification significantly challenges biodiversity. With its intensification, understanding species' capacity to adapt is critical for conservation planning. However, little is known about whether and how different species are responding, particularly among frogs. We used a continental-scale citizen science dataset of >226,000 audio recordings of 42 Australian frog species to investigate how calling-a proxy for breeding-phenology varied along an anthropogenic modification gradient. Calling started earlier and breeding seasons lengthened with increasing modification intensity. Breeding seasons averaged 22.9 ± 8.25 days (standard error) longer in the most modified compared to the least modified regions, suggesting that frog breeding activity was sensitive to habitat modification. We also examined whether calls varied along a modification gradient by analysing the temporal and spectral properties of advertisement calls from a subset of 441 audio recordings of three broadly distributed frog species. There was no appreciable effect of anthropogenic habitat modification on any of the measured call variables, although there was high variability. With continued habitat modification, species may shift towards earlier and longer breeding seasons, with largely unknown ecological consequences in terms of proximate and ultimate fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracie Liu
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Australian Museum Research InstituteAustralian MuseumSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Richard T. Kingsford
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Corey T. Callaghan
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) – HalleLeipzigGermany
- Faculty of Environmental SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePragueCzech Republic
| | - Jodi J. L. Rowley
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Australian Museum Research InstituteAustralian MuseumSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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7
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How urbanization and industrialization shape breeding bird species occurrence in coastal Mediterranean oasis system. Urban Ecosyst 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-022-01271-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Afrifa JK, Monney KA, Deikumah JP. Effects of urban land-use types on avifauna assemblage in a rapidly developing urban settlement in Ghana. Urban Ecosyst 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-022-01281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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