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Delor B, D'Hondt F, Philippot P. The Influence of Facial Asymmetry on Genuineness Judgment. Front Psychol 2021; 12:727446. [PMID: 34899469 PMCID: PMC8655228 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.727446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates how asymmetry, expressed emotion, and sex of the expresser impact the perception of emotional facial expressions (EFEs) in terms of perceived genuineness. Thirty-five undergraduate women completed a task using chimeric stimuli with artificial human faces. They were required to judge whether the expressed emotion was genuinely felt. The results revealed that (a) symmetrical faces are judged as more genuine than asymmetrical faces and (b) EFEs' decoding is modulated by complex interplays between emotion and sex of the expresser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérénice Delor
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Catholic University of Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Fabien D'Hondt
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Université de Lille, Lille, France.,Clinique de Psychiatrie, Unité CURE, CHU Lille, Lille, France.,Centre national de ressources et de résilience Lille-Paris (CN2R), Lille, France
| | - Pierre Philippot
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Catholic University of Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Burgund ED. Left Hemisphere Dominance for Negative Facial Expressions: The Influence of Task. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:742018. [PMID: 34602999 PMCID: PMC8484516 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.742018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Major theories of hemisphere asymmetries in facial expression processing predict right hemisphere dominance for negative facial expressions of disgust, fear, and sadness, however, some studies observe left hemisphere dominance for one or more of these expressions. Research suggests that tasks requiring the identification of six basic emotional facial expressions (angry, disgusted, fearful, happy, sad, and surprised) are more likely to produce left hemisphere involvement than tasks that do not require expression identification. The present research investigated this possibility in two experiments that presented six basic emotional facial expressions to the right or left hemisphere using a divided-visual field paradigm. In Experiment 1, participants identified emotional expressions by pushing a key corresponding to one of six labels. In Experiment 2, participants detected emotional expressions by pushing a key corresponding to whether an expression was emotional or not. In line with predictions, fearful facial expressions exhibited a left hemisphere advantage during the identification task but not during the detection task. In contrast to predictions, sad expressions exhibited a left hemisphere advantage during both identification and detection tasks. In addition, happy facial expressions exhibited a left hemisphere advantage during the detection task but not during the identification task. Only angry facial expressions exhibited a right hemisphere advantage, and this was only observed when data from both experiments were combined. Together, results highlight the influence of task demands on hemisphere asymmetries in facial expression processing and suggest a greater role for the left hemisphere in negative expressions than predicted by previous theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Darcy Burgund
- Department of Psychology, Macalester College, Saint Paul, MN, United States
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Detecting Happiness Using Hyperspectral Imaging Technology. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 2019:1965789. [PMID: 30766598 PMCID: PMC6350538 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1965789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology can be used to detect human emotions based on the power of material discrimination from their faces. In this paper, HSI is used to remotely sense and distinguish blood chromophores in facial tissues and acquire an evaluation indicator (tissue oxygen saturation, StO2) using an optical absorption model. This study explored facial analysis while people were showing spontaneous expressions of happiness during social interaction. Happiness, as a psychological emotion, has been shown to be strongly linked to other activities such as physiological reaction and facial expression. Moreover, facial expression as a communicative motor behavior likely arises from musculoskeletal anatomy, neuromuscular activity, and individual personality. This paper quantified the neuromotor movements of tissues surrounding some regions of interest (ROIs) on smiling happily. Next, we selected six regions—the forehead, eye, nose, cheek, mouth, and chin—according to a facial action coding system (FACS). Nineteen segments were subsequently partitioned from the above ROIs. The affective data (StO2) of 23 young adults were acquired by HSI while the participants expressed emotions (calm or happy), and these were used to compare the significant differences in the variations of StO2 between the different ROIs through repeated measures analysis of variance. Results demonstrate that happiness causes different distributions in the variations of StO2 for the above ROIs; these are explained in depth in the article. This study establishes that facial tissue oxygen saturation is a valid and reliable physiological indicator of happiness and merits further research.
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Boutsen FA, Dvorak JD, Pulusu VK, Ross ED. Altered saccadic targets when processing facial expressions under different attentional and stimulus conditions. Vision Res 2017; 133:150-160. [PMID: 28279711 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Depending on a subject's attentional bias, robust changes in emotional perception occur when facial blends (different emotions expressed on upper/lower face) are presented tachistoscopically. If no instructions are given, subjects overwhelmingly identify the lower facial expression when blends are presented to either visual field. If asked to attend to the upper face, subjects overwhelmingly identify the upper facial expression in the left visual field but remain slightly biased to the lower facial expression in the right visual field. The current investigation sought to determine whether differences in initial saccadic targets could help explain the perceptual biases described above. Ten subjects were presented with full and blend facial expressions under different attentional conditions. No saccadic differences were found for left versus right visual field presentations or for full facial versus blend stimuli. When asked to identify the presented emotion, saccades were directed to the lower face. When asked to attend to the upper face, saccades were directed to the upper face. When asked to attend to the upper face and try to identify the emotion, saccades were directed to the upper face but to a lesser degree. Thus, saccadic behavior supports the concept that there are cognitive-attentional pre-attunements when subjects visually process facial expressions. However, these pre-attunements do not fully explain the perceptual superiority of the left visual field for identifying the upper facial expression when facial blends are presented tachistoscopically. Hence other perceptual factors must be in play, such as the phenomenon of virtual scanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Boutsen
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, 1200 North Stonewall Ave., Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Justin D Dvorak
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, 1200 North Stonewall Ave., Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Vinay K Pulusu
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, and the VA Medical Center (127), 921 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Elliott D Ross
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, and the VA Medical Center (127), 921 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, 1200 North Stonewall Ave., Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA.
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Müri RM. Cortical control of facial expression. J Comp Neurol 2017; 524:1578-85. [PMID: 26418049 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The present Review deals with the motor control of facial expressions in humans. Facial expressions are a central part of human communication. Emotional face expressions have a crucial role in human nonverbal behavior, allowing a rapid transfer of information between individuals. Facial expressions can be either voluntarily or emotionally controlled. Recent studies in nonhuman primates and humans have revealed that the motor control of facial expressions has a distributed neural representation. At least five cortical regions on the medial and lateral aspects of each hemisphere are involved: the primary motor cortex, the ventral lateral premotor cortex, the supplementary motor area on the medial wall, and the rostral and caudal cingulate cortex. The results of studies in humans and nonhuman primates suggest that the innervation of the face is bilaterally controlled for the upper part and mainly contralaterally controlled for the lower part. Furthermore, the primary motor cortex, the ventral lateral premotor cortex, and the supplementary motor area are essential for the voluntary control of facial expressions. In contrast, the cingulate cortical areas are important for emotional expression, because they receive input from different structures of the limbic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- René M Müri
- Division of Cognitive and Restorative Neurology, Departments of Neurology and Clinical Research, University Hospital Inselspital, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.,Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Center for Cognition, Learning, and Memory, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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Ross ED, Gupta SS, Adnan AM, Holden TL, Havlicek J, Radhakrishnan S. Neurophysiology of spontaneous facial expressions: I. Motor control of the upper and lower face is behaviorally independent in adults. Cortex 2016; 76:28-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Iwasaki M, Noguchi Y. Hiding true emotions: micro-expressions in eyes retrospectively concealed by mouth movements. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22049. [PMID: 26915796 PMCID: PMC4768101 DOI: 10.1038/srep22049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
When we encounter someone we dislike, we may momentarily display a reflexive disgust expression, only to follow-up with a forced smile and greeting. Our daily lives are replete with a mixture of true and fake expressions. Nevertheless, are these fake expressions really effective at hiding our true emotions? Here we show that brief emotional changes in the eyes (micro-expressions, thought to reflect true emotions) can be successfully concealed by follow-up mouth movements (e.g. a smile). In the same manner as backward masking, mouth movements of a face inhibited conscious detection of all types of micro-expressions in that face, even when viewers paid full attention to the eye region. This masking works only in a backward direction, however, because no disrupting effect was observed when the mouth change preceded the eye change. These results provide scientific evidence for everyday behaviours like smiling to dissemble, and further clarify a major reason for the difficulty we face in discriminating genuine from fake emotional expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Iwasaki
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities, Kobe University, Japan
| | - Yasuki Noguchi
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities, Kobe University, Japan
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Carr EW, Korb S, Niedenthal PM, Winkielman P. The two sides of spontaneity: Movement onset asymmetries in facial expressions influence social judgments. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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