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Zheng Y, Zou J, Lin S, Jin C, Shi M, Yang B, Yang Y, Jin D, Li R, Li Y, Wen X, Yang S, Ding X. Effects of different light intensity on the growth of tomato seedlings in a plant factory. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294876. [PMID: 38019848 PMCID: PMC10686476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were the best artificial light source for plant factories. Red light-emitting diodes (LEDs, R) and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs, B) were used to obtain different light intensities of uniform spectra, and the greenhouse environment was considered as a comparison. The results showed that root dry weight, shoot dry weight and stem diameter were superior in plant growth under 240 μmolm-2s-1, additionally, the Dixon Quality Index (DQI) was also best. Under 240 μmolm-2s-1, the net photosynthesis rate (Pn) was consistent with the greenhouse's treatment, superior to other experimental groups. The results implied that the PPFD was more suitable for the cultivation of tomato seedlings under the condition of 240 μmolm-2s-1, and can replace the greenhouse conditions so as to save energy and reduce emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zheng
- School of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Senmao Lin
- Tianchang Fu’an Electronic Co., Ltd., Tianchang, 239300, China
| | - Chengcui Jin
- Tianchang Fu’an Electronic Co., Ltd., Tianchang, 239300, China
| | - Mingming Shi
- School of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Bobo Yang
- School of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- School of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Dezhi Jin
- School of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Rongguang Li
- School of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Yuefeng Li
- School of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Xing Wen
- Shanghai Sansi Electronic Engineering Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Shaojun Yang
- Shanghai Youyou Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 202150, China
| | - Xiaotao Ding
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
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Tay JW, Cameron JC. Asymmetric survival in single-cell lineages of cyanobacteria in response to photodamage. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 155:289-297. [PMID: 36581718 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00986-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis is driven by the coupled action of the light-dependent pigment-protein complexes, photosystem I and II, located within the internal thylakoid membrane system. However, photosystem II is known to be prone to photooxidative damage. Thus, photosynthetic organisms have evolved a repair cycle to continuously replace the damaged proteins in photosystem II. However, it has remained difficult to deconvolute the damage and repair processes using traditional ensemble approaches. Here, we demonstrate an automated approach using time-lapse fluorescence microscopy and computational image analysis to study the dynamics and effects of photodamage in single cells at subcellular resolution in cyanobacteria. By growing cells in a two-dimensional layer, we avoid shading effects, thereby generating uniform and reproducible growth conditions. Using this platform, we analyzed the growth and physiology of multiple strains simultaneously under defined photoinhibitory conditions stimulated by UV-A light. Our results reveal an asymmetric cellular response to photodamage between sibling cells and the generation of an elusive subcellular structure, here named a 'photoendosome,' derived from the thylakoid which could indicate the presence of a previously unknown photoprotective mechanism. We anticipate these results to be a starting point for further studies to better understand photodamage and repair at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wei Tay
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Cameron
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
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Zhang D, Xu J, Beer S, Beardall J, Zhou C, Gao K. Increased CO 2 Relevant to Future Ocean Acidification Alleviates the Sensitivity of a Red Macroalgae to Solar Ultraviolet Irradiance by Modulating the Synergy Between Photosystems II and I. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:726538. [PMID: 34603355 PMCID: PMC8481898 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.726538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
While intertidal macroalgae are exposed to drastic changes in solar photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) during a diel cycle, and to ocean acidification (OA) associated with increasing CO2 levels, little is known about their photosynthetic performance under the combined influences of these drivers. In this work, we examined the photoprotective strategies controlling electron flow through photosystems II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) in response to solar radiation with or without UVR and an elevated CO2 concentration in the intertidal, commercially important, red macroalgae Pyropia (previously Porphyra) yezoensis. By using chlorophyll fluorescence techniques, we found that high levels of PAR alone induced photoinhibition of the inter-photosystem electron transport carriers, as evidenced by the increase of chlorophyll fluorescence in both the J- and I-steps of Kautsky curves. In the presence of UVR, photoinduced inhibition was mainly identified in the O2-evolving complex (OEC) and PSII, as evidenced by a significant increase in the variable fluorescence at the K-step (F k) of Kautsky curves relative to the amplitude of F J-F o (Wk) and a decrease of the maximum quantum yield of PSII (F v/F m). Such inhibition appeared to ameliorate the function of downstream electron acceptors, protecting PSI from over-reduction. In turn, the stable PSI activity increased the efficiency of cyclic electron transport (CET) around PSI, dissipating excess energy and supplying ATP for CO2 assimilation. When the algal thalli were grown under increased CO2 and OA conditions, the CET activity became further enhanced, which maintained the OEC stability and thus markedly alleviating the UVR-induced photoinhibition. In conclusion, the well-established coordination between PSII and PSI endows P. yezoensis with a highly efficient photochemical performance in response to UVR, especially under the scenario of future increased CO2 levels and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Juntian Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Sven Beer
- Department of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - John Beardall
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Cong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kunshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Cyanobacterial Extracellular Polymeric Substances for Heavy Metal Removal: A Mini Review. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals from various natural and anthropogenic sources are becoming a chief threat to the aquatic system owing to their toxic and lethal effect. The treatment of such contaminated wastewater is one of the prime concerns in this field. For decades, a huge array of innovative biosorbents is used for heavy metal removal. Though extensive microbes and their biomolecules have been experimented and have showed great potential but most of them have failed to have the substantial breakthrough for the practical application. The present review emphasis on the potential utilization of the cyanobacteria for the heavy metal removal along with the toxic effect imposed by the pollutant. Furthermore, the effect of significant parameters, plausible mechanistic insights of the heavy metal toxicity imposed onto the cyanobacteria is also discussed in detail. The role of extrapolymeric substances and metallothionein secreted by the microbes are also elaborated. The review was evident that the cyanobacterial species have a huge potential towards the heavy metal removal from the aqueous system ranging from very low to very high concentrations.
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Shezi S, Magwaza LS, Mashilo J, Tesfay SZ, Mditshwa A. Photochemistry and photoprotection of 'Gem' avocado (Persea americana Mill.) leaves within and outside the canopy and the relationship with fruit maturity. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 246-247:153130. [PMID: 32065922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A reduction in photosynthesis results in a reduced CO2 assimilation rate and availability of carbohydrates essential for fruit growth and development. This study determined photosynthetic efficiency and photoprotection mechanisms within and outside leaf canopy positions in 'Gem' avocado orchards and their relationship with avocado fruit maturity. The study was conducted in a commercial orchard at Everdon Estate in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A total of 15 eight-year-old avocado trees (cv. Gem) were selected in a completely randomised design with three replicates, with each replicate consisting of five trees. Data were collected bi-weekly on photosynthetic rate (A), effective quantum efficiency of photosystem II (ϕPSII), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (T), electron transport rate (ETR), minimum fluorescence (Fo'), maximum fluorescence (Fm'), variable fluorescence (Fv'), intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi), instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEins), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and photochemical quenching (qP) from full bloom to fruit physiological maturity (∼25 % dry matter content (DM)). The results showed that leaves from the outside position had higher A (29.46 mol CO2 m-2s-1); gs (0.078 mol CO2 m-2s-1); ΦPS II (0.32); and qP (0.52) compared to those within the canopy position with lower A (19.27 mol CO2 m-2s-1); gs (0.0037 mol CO2 m-2s-1); ΦPS II (0.044) and qP (0.075), respectively. Contrastingly, chlorophyll fluorescence and photoprotection parameters were higher within the canopy than on the outside, suggesting that the greater proportion of energy accumulated within the canopy was used for photoprotection other than photochemistry. Photosynthetic rate (A), gs, Ci, T, WUEi and WUEins, correlated significantly with mesocarp dry matter (DM), while all other parameters correlated poorly. The high photosynthetic efficiency of leaves from outside the canopy resulted in an average DM of 28.9 % compared to 26.9 % of fruit within the canopy. The present findings suggest that reduced photosynthetic efficiency of 'Gem' avocado within the canopy position does not compromise fruit DM by reserving more energy for photoprotection; however, it delays maturity by about two weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabelo Shezi
- Discipline of Horticultural Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Lembe Samukelo Magwaza
- Discipline of Horticultural Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Discipline of Crop Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
| | - Jacob Mashilo
- Discipline of Horticultural Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Discipline of Crop Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Samson Zeray Tesfay
- Discipline of Horticultural Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Asanda Mditshwa
- Discipline of Horticultural Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Stelzner J, Roemhild R, Garibay-Hernández A, Harbaum-Piayda B, Mock HP, Bilger W. Hydroxycinnamic acids in sunflower leaves serve as UV-A screening pigments. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1649-1659. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00440d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the weak absorption of hydroxycinnamic acids in the UV-A region, we found evidence that these compounds protect against damage induced by UV-A radiation in sunflowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Stelzner
- Department of Ecophysiology of Plants
- Botanical Institute
- Christian-Albrechts University Kiel
- 24118 Kiel
- Germany
| | - Roderich Roemhild
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics
- Zoological Institute
- Christian-Albrechts University Kiel
- 24118 Kiel
- Germany
| | - Adriana Garibay-Hernández
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology
- Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research
- 06466 Gatersleben
- Germany
| | - Britta Harbaum-Piayda
- Department of Food Technology
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science
- Christian-Albrechts University Kiel
- 24118 Kiel
- Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology
- Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research
- 06466 Gatersleben
- Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bilger
- Department of Ecophysiology of Plants
- Botanical Institute
- Christian-Albrechts University Kiel
- 24118 Kiel
- Germany
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Yatabe T, Tokunaga T, Matsumoto T, Kikkawa M, Yoon KS, Ogo S. A Mn I Model for the Photoinhibited Species of Oxygen-evolving Complex. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yatabe
- Center for Small Molecule Energy, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Taisuke Tokunaga
- Center for Small Molecule Energy, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsumoto
- Center for Small Molecule Energy, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kikkawa
- Center for Small Molecule Energy, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ki-Seok Yoon
- Center for Small Molecule Energy, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Seiji Ogo
- Center for Small Molecule Energy, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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8
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Essemine J, Xiao Y, Qu M, Mi H, Zhu XG. Cyclic electron flow may provide some protection against PSII photoinhibition in rice (Oryza sativa L.) leaves under heat stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 211:138-146. [PMID: 28199904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Previously we have shown that a quick down-regulation in PSI activity compares to that of PSII following short-term heat stress for two rice groups including C4023 and Q4149, studied herein. These accessions were identified to have different natural capacities in driving cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI; i.e., low CEF (lcef) and high CEF (hcef) for C4023 and Q4149, respectively. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these two lines have different mechanisms of protecting photosystem II from photodamage under heat stress. We observed a stepwise alteration in the shape of Chl a fluorescence induction (OJIP) with increasing temperature treatment. The effect of 44°C treatment on the damping in Chl a fluorescence was more pronounced in C4023 than in Q4149. Likewise, we noted a disruption in the I-step, a decline in the Fv due to a strong damping in the Fm, and a slight increase in the F0. Normalized data demonstrated that the I-step seems more susceptible to 44°C in C4023 than in Q4149. We also measured the redox states of plastocyanin (PC) and P700 by monitoring the transmission changes at 820nm (I820), and observed a disturbance in the oxidation/reduction kinetics of PC and P700. The decline in the amplitude of their oxidation was shown to be about 29% and 13% for C4023 and Q4149, respectively. The electropotential component (Δφ) of ms-DLE appeared more sensitive to temperature stress than the chemical component (ΔpH), and the impact of heat was more evident and drastic in C4023 than in Q4149. Under heat stress, we noticed a concomitant decline in the primary photochemistry of PSII as well as in both the membrane energization process and the lumen protonation for both accessions, and it is evident that heat affects these parameters more in C4023 than in Q4149. All these data suggest that higher CET can confer higher photoprotection to PSII in rice lines, which can be a desirable trait during rice breeding, especially in the context of a "warming" world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemaa Essemine
- CAS-Key Laboratory for Computational Biology and State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- CAS-Key Laboratory for Computational Biology and State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingnan Qu
- CAS-Key Laboratory for Computational Biology and State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hualing Mi
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- CAS-Key Laboratory for Computational Biology and State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Effect of preillumination with red light on photosynthetic parameters and oxidant-/antioxidant balance in Arabidopsis thaliana in response to UV-A. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 127:229-36. [PMID: 24080425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The effect of preillumination with low intensity (10μmol quanta m(-2)s(-1), 10min) light of different wavelengths in the spectral range of 550-730nm on photosynthesis and activity of PSII, the content of photosynthetic pigments and H2O2, as well as the peroxidase activity in the leaves of 26-d-old Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type (WT) plants in response to UV-A radiation was studied. UV-A decreased the activity of the PSII, the content of Chl a, Chl b and carotenoids, as well as increased the peroxidase activity and H2O2 level in the WT leaves. Preillumination of the leaves with red light (RL, λmax=664nm) reduced the inhibitory effect of UV radiation on photosynthesis and activity of the PSII, indicated by delayed light emission as well as the H2O2 level, but increased the peroxidase activity in the leaves compared to illumination by UV radiation only. Illumination with RL alone and the subsequent exposure of plants to darkness increased the peroxidase activity and the transcription activity of genes of the transcription factors APX1 and HYH. Preillumination of leaves with RL, then far red light (FRL, λmax=727nm) partially compensated the effect of the RL for all studied parameters, suggesting that the active form of phytochrome (PFR) is involved in these processes. Preillumination with the wavelengths of 550, 594 and 727nm only did not have a marked effect on photosynthesis. The hy2 mutant of Arabidopsis with reduced synthesis of the phytochrome B chromophore showed decreased resistance of PSII to UV-A compared with the WT of Arabidopsis. UV radiation reduced Chl a fluorescence much faster in the hy2 mutant compared to the WT. Preillumination of the hy2 mutant with RL did not affect the PSII activity and H2O2 level in UV-irradiated leaves. It is assumed that the formation of the increased resistance of the photosynthetic apparatus of Arabidopsis to UV-A radiation involves PFR and the antioxidant system of plants, partly by inducing transcriptional activity of some antioxidant and transcription factors genes.
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10
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Kreslavski VD, Lyubimov VY, Shirshikova GN, Shmarev AN, Kosobryukhov AA, Schmitt FJ, Friedrich T, Allakhverdiev SI. Preillumination of lettuce seedlings with red light enhances the resistance of photosynthetic apparatus to UV-A. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2013; 122:1-6. [PMID: 23548435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Seedlings of 10-day-old lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., cultivar Berlin) were preilluminated by low intensity red light (λmax=660 nm, 10 min, 5 μmol quanta m(-2) s(-1)) and far-red light (λmax=730 nm, 10 min, 5 μmol quanta m(-2) s(-1)) to study the effect of pre-treatment on photosynthesis, photochemical activity of photosystem II (PSII), the contents of photosynthetic and UV-A-absorbing pigments (UAPs) and H2O2, as well as total and ascorbate peroxidase activities in cotyledonary leaves of seedlings exposed to UV-A. UV radiation reduced the photosynthetic rate (Pn), the activity of PSII, and the contents of Chl a and b, carotenoids and UAPs in the leaves, but increased the content of H2O2 and the total peroxidase activity. Preillumination with red light removed these effects of UV. In turn, the illumination with red light, then far-red light removed the effect of the red light. Illumination with red light alone increased the content of UAPs, as well as peroxidase activity. It is suggested that higher resistance of the lettuce photosynthetic apparatus to UV-A radiation is associated with involvement of the active form of phytochrome B, thereby increasing peroxidase activities as well as UAPs and saving preservation of photosynthetic pigment contents due to pre-illumination with red light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir D Kreslavski
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
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11
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Hou X, Hou HJM. Roles of manganese in photosystem II dynamics to irradiations and temperatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11515-012-1214-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Essemine J, Govindachary S, Joly D, Ammar S, Bouzid S, Carpentier R. Effect of moderate and high light on photosystem II function in Arabidopsis thaliana depleted in digalactosyl-diacylglycerol. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:1367-73. [PMID: 22342616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The response of the heat-sensitive dgd1-2 and dgd1-3 Arabidopsis mutants depleted in the galactolipid DGDG to photoinhibition of chloroplasts photosystem II was studied to verify if there is a relationship between heat stress vulnerability due to depletion in DGDG and the susceptibility to photoinhibitory damage. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is known to dissipate excessive absorbed light energy as heat to protect plants against photodamage. The main component of NPQ is dependent of the transthylakoid pH gradient and is modulated by zeaxanthin (Zx) synthesis. These processes together with chlorophyll fluorescence induction were used to characterize the response of the genotypes. The mutants were more sensitive to photoinhibition to a small extent but this was more severe for dgd1-3 especially at high light intensity. It was deduced that DGDG was not a main factor to influence photoinhibition but other lipid components could affect PSII sensitivity towards photoinhibition in relation to the physical properties of the thylakoid membrane. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosynthesis Research for Sustainability: from Natural to Artificial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemâa Essemine
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
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Tan W, Meng QW, Brestic M, Olsovska K, Yang X. Photosynthesis is improved by exogenous calcium in heat-stressed tobacco plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:2063-71. [PMID: 21803445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Effects of exogenous calcium chloride (CaCl(2)) (20 mM) on photosynthetic gas exchange, photosystem II photochemistry, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in tobacco plants under high temperature stress (43°C for 2 h) were investigated. Heat stress resulted in a decrease in net photosynthetic rate (P(n)), stomatal conductance as well as the apparent quantum yield (AQY) and carboxylation efficiency (CE) of photosynthesis. Heat stress also caused a decrease of the maximal photochemical efficiency of primary photochemistry (F(v)/F(m)). On the other hand, CaCl(2) application improved P(n), AQY, and CE as well as F(v)/F(m) under high temperature stress. Heat stress reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), whereas the activities of these enzymes either decreased less or increased in plants pretreated with CaCl(2); glutathione reductase (GR) activity increased under high temperature, and it increased more in plants pretreated with CaCl(2). There was an obvious accumulation of H(2)O(2) and O(2)(-) under high temperature, but CaCl(2) application decreased the contents of H(2)O(2) and O(2)(-) under heat stress conditions. Heat stress induced the level of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), while CaCl(2) pretreatment enhanced it. These results suggested that photosynthesis was improved by CaCl(2) application in heat-stressed plants and such an improvement was associated with an improvement in stomatal conductance and the thermostability of oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), which might be due to less accumulation of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tan
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
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14
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Inhibition of photosystems I and II activities in salt stress-exposed Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 105:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Nishiyama Y, Allakhverdiev SI, Murata N. Protein synthesis is the primary target of reactive oxygen species in the photoinhibition of photosystem II. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2011; 142:35-46. [PMID: 21320129 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2011.01457.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photoinhibition of photosystem II (PSII) occurs when the rate of photodamage to PSII exceeds the rate of the repair of photodamaged PSII. Recent examination of photoinhibition by separate determinations of photodamage and repair has revealed that the rate of photodamage to PSII is directly proportional to the intensity of incident light and that the repair of PSII is particularly sensitive to the inactivation by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS-induced inactivation of repair is attributable to the suppression of the synthesis de novo of proteins, such as the D1 protein, that are required for the repair of PSII at the level of translational elongation. Furthermore, molecular analysis has revealed that the ROS-induced suppression of protein synthesis is associated with the specific inactivation of elongation factor G via the formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond. Impairment of various mechanisms that protect PSII against photoinhibition, including photorespiration, thermal dissipation of excitation energy, and the cyclic transport of electrons, decreases the rate of repair of PSII via the suppression of protein synthesis. In this review, we present a newly established model of the mechanism and the physiological significance of repair in the regulation of the photoinhibition of PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Nishiyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering and Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
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16
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Rasineni GK, Guha A, Reddy AR. Elevated atmospheric CO2 mitigated photoinhibition in a tropical tree species, Gmelina arborea. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 103:159-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Hamdani S, Gauthier A, Msilini N, Carpentier R. Positive charges of polyamines protect PSII in isolated thylakoid membranes during photoinhibitory conditions. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 52:866-73. [PMID: 21471122 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcr040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the positive charges of amines such as spermine (SPM), putrescine (PUT) and methylamine (MET) on the protection of PSII against excessive illumination were investigated in isolated thylakoid membranes. Under photoinhibition conditions, water oxidation, the kinetics of the Chl fluorescence rise and charge recombination in PSII were affected. A low concentration of SPM (1 mM) added before photoinhibition produced a significant improvement of F(v)/F(0), the oxygen yield and the amplitude of the B-band of thermoluminescence compared with the other amines. Amongst the amines studied, only SPM could protect the photosynthetic apparatus under photoinhibition conditions. This protection was probably provided by the polycationic nature of SPM (four positive charges at physiological pH), which can stabilize surface-exposed proteins of PSII through electrostatic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Hamdani
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada G9A 5H7
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18
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Inhibition of Photosystem II by the singlet oxygen sensor compounds TEMP and TEMPD. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1807:243-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Wei Z, Cady CW, Brudvig GW, Hou HJM. Photodamage of a Mn(III/IV)-oxo mixed-valence compound and photosystem II: evidence that a high-valent manganese species is responsible for UV-induced photodamage of the oxygen-evolving complex in photosystem II. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 104:118-25. [PMID: 21324710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The Mn cluster in photosystem II (PS II) is believed to play an important role in the UV photoinhibition of green plants, but the mechanism is still not clear at a molecular level. In this work, the photochemical stability of [Mn(III)(O)(2)Mn(IV)(H(2)O)(2)(Terpy)(2)](NO(3))(3) (Terpy=2,2':6',2''-terpyridine), designated as Mn-oxo mixed-valence dimer, a well characterized functional model of the oxygen-evolving complex in PS II, was examined in aqueous solution by exposing the complex to excess light irradiation at six different wavelengths in the range of 250 to 700 nm. The photodamage of the Mn-oxo mixed-valence dimer was confirmed by the decrease of its oxygen-evolution activity measured in the presence of the chemical oxidant oxone. Ultraviolet light irradiation induced a new absorption peak at around 400-440 nm of the Mn-oxo mixed-valence dimer. Visible light did not have the same effect on the Mn-oxo mixed-valence dimer. We speculate that the spectral change may be caused by conversion of the Mn(III)O(2)Mn(IV) dimer into a new structure--Mn(IV)O(2)Mn(IV). In the processes, the appearance of a 514 nm fluorescence peak was observed in the solution and may be linked to the hydration or protonation of Terpy ligand in the Mn-oxo dimer. In comparing the response of the PS II functional model compound and the PS II complex to excess light radiation, our results support the idea that UV photoinhibition is triggered at the Mn(4)Ca center of the oxygen-evolution complex in PS II by forming a modified structure, possibly a Mn(IV) species, and that the reaction of Mn ions is likely the initial step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
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20
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Combined effects of solar UV radiation and CO2-induced seawater acidification on photosynthetic carbon fixation of phytoplankton assemblages in the South China Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-010-4119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Sang M, Xie J, Qin XC, Wang WD, Chen XB, Wang KB, Zhang JP, Li LB, Kuang TY. High-light induced superoxide radical formation in cytochrome b₆f complex from Bryopsis corticulans as detected by EPR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2010; 102:177-81. [PMID: 21277495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The generation of superoxide radical (O₂·⁻) in Cyt b₆f of Bryopsis corticulans under high light illumination was studied using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. This could be evidenced by the addition of SOD which specifically reacted with O₂·⁻. The generation of O₂·⁻ was lost in the absence of oxygen and was found to be suppressed in the presence of NaN₃ and be scavenged by extraneous antioxidants such as ascorbate, β-carotene and glutathione which could also scavenged ¹O₂*. These results indicated that O₂·⁻ which produced under high light illumination in Cyt b₆f of B. corticulans might rise from a reaction which ¹O₂* could participated in. Also the photo-protection mechanism to Cyt b₆f complex by antioxidants which might contain in thylakoid was speculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sang
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P.R. China; Institute of Hydrobiology, Ji' nan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R.China
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22
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Takahashi S, Milward SE, Yamori W, Evans JR, Hillier W, Badger MR. The solar action spectrum of photosystem II damage. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 153:988-93. [PMID: 20460581 PMCID: PMC2899922 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.155747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The production of oxygen and the supply of energy for life on earth rely on the process of photosynthesis using sunlight. Paradoxically, sunlight damages the photosynthetic machinery, primarily photosystem II (PSII), leading to photoinhibition and loss of plant performance. However, there is uncertainty about which wavelengths are most damaging to PSII under sunlight. In this work we examined this in a simple experiment where Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves were exposed to different wavelengths of sunlight by dispersing the solar radiation across the surface of the leaf via a prism. To isolate only the process of photodamage, the repair of photodamaged PSII was inhibited by infiltration of chloramphenicol into the exposed leaves. The extent of photodamage was then measured as the decrease in the maximum quantum yield of PSII using an imaging pulse amplitude modulation fluorometer. Under the experimental light conditions, photodamage to PSII occurred most strongly in regions exposed to ultraviolet (UV) or yellow light. The extent of UV photodamage under incident sunlight would be greater than we observed when one corrects for the optical efficiency of our system. Our results suggest that photodamage to PSII under sunlight is primarily associated with UV rather than photosynthetically active light wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Takahashi
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.
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Kojima K, Motohashi K, Morota T, Oshita M, Hisabori T, Hayashi H, Nishiyama Y. Regulation of translation by the redox state of elongation factor G in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:18685-91. [PMID: 19447882 PMCID: PMC2707220 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.015131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Elongation factor G (EF-G), a key protein in translational elongation, was identified as a primary target of inactivation by reactive oxygen species within the translational machinery of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Kojima, K., Oshita, M., Nanjo, Y., Kasai, K., Tozawa, Y., Hayashi, H., and Nishiyama, Y. (2007) Mol. Microbiol. 65, 936-947). In the present study, we found that inactivation of EF-G (Slr1463) by H(2)O(2) was attributable to the oxidation of two specific cysteine residues and formation of a disulfide bond. Substitution of these cysteine residues by serine residues protected EF-G from inactivation by H(2)O(2) and allowed the EF-G to mediate translation in a translation system in vitro that had been prepared from Synechocystis. The disulfide bond in oxidized EF-G was reduced by thioredoxin, and the resultant reduced form of EF-G regained the activity to mediate translation in vitro. Western blotting analysis showed that levels of the oxidized form of EF-G increased under strong light in a mutant that lacked NADPH-thioredoxin reductase, indicating that EF-G is reduced by thioredoxin in vivo. These observations suggest that the translational machinery is regulated by the redox state of EF-G, which is oxidized by reactive oxygen species and reduced by thioredoxin, a transmitter of reducing signals generated by the photosynthetic transport of electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Kojima
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Venture Business Laboratory, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Ken Motohashi
- the Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan and
| | - Takuya Morota
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | | | - Toru Hisabori
- the Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan and
| | - Hidenori Hayashi
- the Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Cell-Free Science and Technology Research Center, and
- Venture Business Laboratory, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nishiyama
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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24
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Takahashi S, Murata N. How do environmental stresses accelerate photoinhibition? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2008; 13:178-82. [PMID: 18328775 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Revised: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stress enhances the extent of photoinhibition, a process that is determined by the balance between the rate of photodamage to photosystem II (PSII) and the rate of its repair. Recent investigations suggest that exposure to environmental stresses, such as salt, cold, moderate heat and oxidative stress, do not affect photodamage but inhibit the repair of PSII through suppression of the synthesis of PSII proteins. In particular, production of D1 protein is downregulated at the translation step by the direct inactivation of the translation machinery and/or by primarily interrupting the fixation of CO2. The latter results in the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn block the synthesis of PSII proteins in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Takahashi
- Molecular Plant Physiology Group and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, PO Box 475, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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Mohanty P, Allakhverdiev SI, Murata N. Application of low temperatures during photoinhibition allows characterization of individual steps in photodamage and the repair of photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2007; 94:217-24. [PMID: 17554634 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-007-9184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations of photoinhibition have revealed that photodamage to photosystem II (PSII) involves two temporally separated steps: the first is the inactivation of the oxygen-evolving complex by light that has been absorbed by the manganese cluster and the second is the impairment of the photochemical reaction center by light that has been absorbed by chlorophyll. Our studies of photoinhibition in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 at various temperatures demonstrated that the first step in photodamage is not completed at low temperatures, such as 10 degrees C. Further investigations suggested that an intermediate state, which is stabilized at low temperatures, might exist at the first stage of photodamage. The repair of PSII involves many steps, including degradation and removal of the D1 protein, synthesis de novo of the precursor to the D1 protein, assembly of the PSII complex, and processing of the precursor to the D1 protein. Detailed analysis of photodamage and repair at various temperatures has demonstrated that, among these steps, only the synthesis of the precursor to D1 appears to proceed at low temperatures. Investigations of photoinhibition at low temperatures have also indicated that prolonged exposure of cyanobacterial cells or plant leaves to strong light diminishes their ability to repair PSII. Such non-repairable photoinhibition is caused by inhibition of the processing of the precursor to the D1 protein after prolonged illumination with strong light at low temperatures.
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Six C, Joubin L, Partensky F, Holtzendorff J, Garczarek L. UV-induced phycobilisome dismantling in the marine picocyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. WH8102. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2007; 92:75-86. [PMID: 17505911 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-007-9170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2006] [Accepted: 04/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The marine picocyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. WH8102 was submitted to ultraviolet (UV-A and B) radiations and the effects of this stress on reaction center II and phycobilisome integrity were studied using a combination of biochemical, biophysical and molecular biology techniques. Under the UV conditions that were applied (4.3 W m(-2) UV-A and 0.86 W m(-2) UV-B), no significant cell mortality and little chlorophyll degradation occurred during the 5 h time course experiment. However, pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorimetry analyses revealed a rapid photoinactivation of reaction centers II. Indeed, a dramatic decrease of the D1 protein amount was observed, despite a large and rapid increase in the expression level of the psbA gene pool. Our results suggest that D1 protein degradation was accompanied (or followed) by the disruption of the N-terminal domain of the anchor linker polypeptide LCM, which in turn led to the disconnection of the phycobilisome complex from the thylakoid membrane. Furthermore, time course analyses of in vivo fluorescence emission spectra suggested a partial dismantling of phycobilisome rods. This was confirmed by characterization of isolated antenna complexes by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting analyses which allowed us to locate the disruption site of the rods near the phycoerythrin I-phycoerythrin II junction. In addition, genes encoding phycobilisome components, including alpha-subunits of all phycobiliproteins and phycoerythrin linker polypeptides were all down regulated in response to UV stress. Phycobilisome alteration could be the consequence of direct UV-induced photodamages and/or the result of a protease-mediated process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Six
- Station Biologique, UMR 7144 CNRS et Université Pierre et Marie Curie, B.P. 74, 29682, Roscoff cedex, France
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27
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Stoitchkova K, Zsiros O, Jávorfi T, Páli T, Andreeva A, Gombos Z, Garab G. Heat- and light-induced reorganizations in the phycobilisome antenna of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Thermo-optic effect. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2007; 1767:750-6. [PMID: 17442263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2006] [Revised: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 03/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
By using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, we compared the effects of heat and light treatments on the phycobilisome (PBS) antenna of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells. Fluorescence emission spectra obtained upon exciting predominantly PBS, recorded at 25 degrees C and 77 K, revealed characteristic changes upon heat treatment of the cells. A 5-min incubation at 50 degrees C, which completely inactivated the activity of photosystem II, led to a small but statistically significant decrease in the F(680)/F(655) fluorescence intensity ratio. In contrast, heat treatment at 60 degrees C resulted in a much larger decrease in the same ratio and was accompanied by a blue-shift of the main PBS emission band at around 655 nm (F(655)), indicating an energetic decoupling of PBS from chlorophylls and reorganizations in its internal structure. (Upon exciting PBS, F(680) originates from photosystem II and from the terminal emitter of PBS.). Very similar changes were obtained upon exposing the cells to high light (600-7500 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1)) for different time periods (10 min to 3 h). In cells with heat-inactivated photosystem II, the variations caused by light treatment could clearly be assigned to a similar energetic decoupling of the PBS from the membrane and internal reorganizations as induced at around 60 degrees C. These data can be explained within the frameworks of thermo-optic mechanism [Cseh et al. 2000, Biochemistry 39, 15250]: in high light the heat packages originating from dissipation might lead to elementary structural changes in the close vicinity of dissipation in heat-sensitive structural elements, e.g. around the site where PBS is anchored to the membrane. This, in turn, brings about a diminishment in the energy supply from PBS to the photosystems and reorganization in the molecular architecture of PBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Stoitchkova
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
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28
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Tóth SZ, Schansker G, Garab G, Strasser RJ. Photosynthetic electron transport activity in heat-treated barley leaves: the role of internal alternative electron donors to photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2007; 1767:295-305. [PMID: 17412308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2007.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2006] [Revised: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Electron transport processes were investigated in barley leaves in which the oxygen-evolution was fully inhibited by a heat pulse (48 degrees C, 40 s). Under these circumstances, the K peak (approximately F(400 micros)) appears in the chl a fluorescence (OJIP) transient reflecting partial Q(A) reduction, which is due to a stable charge separation resulting from the donation of one electron by tyrozine Z. Following the K peak additional fluorescence increase (indicating Q(A)(-) accumulation) occurs in the 0.2-2 s time range. Using simultaneous chl a fluorescence and 820 nm transmission measurements it is demonstrated that this Q(A)(-) accumulation is due to naturally occurring alternative electron sources that donate electrons to the donor side of photosystem II. Chl a fluorescence data obtained with 5-ms light pulses (double flashes spaced 2.3-500 ms apart, and trains of several hundred flashes spaced by 100 or 200 ms) show that the electron donation occurs from a large pool with t(1/2) approximately 30 ms. This alternative electron donor is most probably ascorbate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Z Tóth
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, University of Geneva, Chemin des Embrouchis 10, CH-1254 Jussy, Geneva, Switzerland.
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29
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Nishiyama Y, Allakhverdiev SI, Murata N. A new paradigm for the action of reactive oxygen species in the photoinhibition of photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2006; 1757:742-9. [PMID: 16784721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2006.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2006] [Revised: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the activity of photosystem II (PSII) under strong light is referred to as photoinhibition. This phenomenon is due to the imbalance between the rate of photodamage to PSII and the rate of the repair of damaged PSII. Photodamage is initiated by the direct effects of light on the oxygen-evolving complex and, thus, photodamage to PSII is unavoidable. Studies of the effects of oxidative stress on photodamage and subsequent repair have revealed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) act primarily by inhibiting the repair of photodamaged PSII and not by damaging PSII directly. Thus, strong light has two distinct effects on PSII; it damages PSII directly and it inhibits the repair of PSII via production of ROS. Investigations of the ROS-induced inhibition of repair have demonstrated that ROS suppress the synthesis de novo of proteins and, in particular, of the D1 protein, that are required for the repair of PSII. Moreover, a primary target for inhibition by ROS appears to be the elongation step of translation. Inhibition of the repair of PSII by ROS is accelerated by the deceleration of the Calvin cycle that occurs when the availability of CO(2) is limited. In this review, we present a new paradigm for the action of ROS in photoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Nishiyama
- Cell-Free Science and Technology Research Center and Satellite Venture Business Laboratory, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Japan.
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