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Cherepanov D, Aybush A, Johnson TW, Shelaev I, Gostev F, Mamedov M, Nadtochenko V, Semenov A. Inverted region in the reaction of the quinone reduction in the A 1-site of photosystem I from cyanobacteria. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024; 159:115-131. [PMID: 37093503 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I from the menB strain of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 containing foreign quinones in the A1 sites was used for studying the primary steps of electron transfer by pump-probe femtosecond laser spectroscopy. The free energy gap (- ΔG) of electron transfer between the reduced primary acceptor A0 and the quinones bound in the A1 site varied from 0.12 eV for the low-potential 1,2-diamino-anthraquinone to 0.88 eV for the high-potential 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone, compared to 0.5 eV for the native phylloquinone. It was shown that the kinetics of charge separation between the special pair chlorophyll P700 and the primary acceptor A0 was not affected by quinone substitutions, whereas the rate of A0 → A1 electron transfer was sensitive to the redox-potential of quinones: the decrease of - ΔG by 400 meV compared to the native phylloquinone resulted in a ~ fivefold slowing of the reaction The presence of the asymmetric inverted region in the ΔG dependence of the reaction rate indicates that the electron transfer in photosystem I is controlled by nuclear tunneling and should be treated in terms of quantum electron-phonon interactions. A three-mode implementation of the multiphonon model, which includes modes around 240 cm-1 (large-scale protein vibrations), 930 cm-1 (out-of-plane bending of macrocycles and protein backbone vibrations), and 1600 cm-1 (double bonds vibrations) was applied to rationalize the observed dependence. The modes with a frequency of at least 1600 cm-1 make the predominant contribution to the reorganization energy, while the contribution of the "classical" low-frequency modes is only 4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Cherepanov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina Street 4, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, bldg 40, Moscow, Russia, 119992.
| | - Arseny Aybush
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina Street 4, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - T Wade Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Susquehanna University, 514 University Ave., Selinsgrove, PA, 17870, USA
| | - Ivan Shelaev
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina Street 4, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Fedor Gostev
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina Street 4, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Mahir Mamedov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, bldg 40, Moscow, Russia, 119992
| | - Victor Nadtochenko
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina Street 4, Moscow, Russia, 119991
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Alexey Semenov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina Street 4, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, bldg 40, Moscow, Russia, 119992.
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Mäusle SM, Agarwala N, Eichmann VG, Dau H, Nürnberg DJ, Hastings G. Nanosecond time-resolved infrared spectroscopy for the study of electron transfer in photosystem I. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024; 159:229-239. [PMID: 37420121 PMCID: PMC10991071 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Microsecond time-resolved step-scan FTIR difference spectroscopy was used to study photosystem I (PSI) from Thermosynechococcus vestitus BP-1 (T. vestitus, formerly known as T. elongatus) at 77 K. In addition, photoaccumulated (P700+-P700) FTIR difference spectra were obtained at both 77 and 293 K. The FTIR difference spectra are presented here for the first time. To extend upon these FTIR studies nanosecond time-resolved infrared difference spectroscopy was also used to study PSI from T. vestitus at 296 K. Nanosecond infrared spectroscopy has never been used to study PSI samples at physiological temperatures, and here it is shown that such an approach has great value as it allows a direct probe of electron transfer down both branches in PSI. In PSI at 296 K, the infrared flash-induced absorption changes indicate electron transfer down the B- and A-branches is characterized by time constants of 33 and 364 ns, respectively, in good agreement with visible spectroscopy studies. These time constants are associated with forward electron transfer from A1- to FX on the B- and A-branches, respectively. At several infrared wavelengths flash-induced absorption changes at 296 K recover in tens to hundreds of milliseconds. The dominant decay phase is characterized by a lifetime of 128 ms. These millisecond changes are assigned to radical pair recombination reactions, with the changes being associated primarily with P700+ rereduction. This conclusion follows from the observation that the millisecond infrared spectrum is very similar to the photoaccumulated (P700+-P700) FTIR difference spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Mäusle
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Neva Agarwala
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Viktor G Eichmann
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Dau
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dennis J Nürnberg
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Gary Hastings
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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Agarwala N, Hastings G. Time-resolved FTIR difference spectroscopy for the study of photosystem I with high potential naphthoquinones incorporated into the A 1 binding site 2: Identification of neutral state quinone bands. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 158:1-11. [PMID: 37477846 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved step-scan FTIR difference spectroscopy at 77 K has been used to study photosystem I (PSI) from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 with four high-potential, 1,4-naphthoquinones (NQs) incorporated into the A1 binding site. The incorporated quinones are 2-chloro-NQ (2ClNQ), 2-bromo-NQ (2BrNQ), 2,3-dichloro-NQ (Cl2NQ), and 2,3-dibromo-NQ (Br2NQ). For completeness 2-methyl-NQ (2MNQ) was also incorporated and studied. Previously, PSI with the same quinones incorporated were studied in the, so-called, anion spectral region between 1550 and 1400 cm-1 (Agarwala et al. in Biochim Biophys Acta 1864(1):148918, 2023). Here we focus on spectra in the previously unexplored 1400-1200 cm-1 spectral region. In this region several bands are identified and assigned to the neutral state of the incorporated quinones. This is important as identification of neutral state quinone bands in the regular 1700-1600 cm-1 region has proven difficult in the past. For neutral PhQ in PSI a broad, intense band appears at ~ 1300 cm-1. For the symmetric di-substituted NQs (Cl2NQ/Br2NQ) a single intense neutral state band is found at ~ 1280/1269 cm-1, respectively. For both mono-substituted NQs, 2ClNQ and 2BrNQ, however, two neutral state bands are observed at ~ 1280 and ~ 1250 cm-1, respectively. These observations from time-resolved spectra agree well with conclusions drawn from absorption spectra of the NQs in THF, which are also presented here. Density functional theory based vibrational frequency calculations were undertaken allowing an identification of the normal modes associated with the neutral state quinone bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neva Agarwala
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gary Hastings
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Rohani L, Lamichhane HP, Hastings G. Calculated vibrational properties of pigments in protein binding sites 2: Semiquinones in photosynthetic proteins. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 295:122518. [PMID: 36996613 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
[QA- - QA] Fourier transform infrared difference spectra have previously been obtained using purple bacterial reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides with unlabeled, 18O and 13C isotope labeled phylloquinone (PhQ, also known as vitamin K1) incorporated into the QA protein binding site (Breton, (1997), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA94 11318-11323). The nature of the bands in these spectra and the isotope induced band shifts are poorly understood, especially for the phyllosemiquinone anion (PhQ-) state. To aid in the interpretation of the bands in these experimental spectra, ONIOM type QM/MM vibrational frequency calculations were undertaken. Calculations were also undertaken for PhQ- in solution. Surprisingly, both sets of calculated spectra are similar and agree well with the experimental spectra. This similarity suggests pigment-protein interactions do not perturb the electronic structure of the semiquinone in the QA binding site. This is not found to be the case for the neutral PhQ species in the same protein binding site. PhQ also occupies the A1 protein binding site in photosystem I, and the vibrational properties of PhQ- in the QA and A1 binding sites are compared and shown to exhibit considerable differences. These differences probably arise because of changes in the degree of asymmetry of hydrogen bonding of PhQ- in the A1 and QA binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Rohani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Hari P Lamichhane
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Gary Hastings
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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Agarwala N, Makita H, Hastings G. Time-resolved FTIR difference spectroscopy for the study of photosystem I with high potential naphthoquinones incorporated into the A 1 binding site. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2023; 1864:148918. [PMID: 36116485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved step-scan Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy has been used to study cyanobacterial photosystem I photosynthetic reaction centers from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (S6803) with four high-potential, 1,4-naphthoquinones incorporated into the A1 binding site. The high-potential naphthoquinones are 2-chloro-, 2-bromo-, 2,3-dichloro- and 2,3-dibromo-1,4-naphthoquinone. "Foreign minus native" double difference spectra (DDS) were constructed by subtracting difference spectra for native photosystem I (with phylloquinone in the A1 binding site) from corresponding spectra obtained using photosystem I with the different quinones incorporated. To help assess and assign bands in the difference and double difference spectra, density functional theory based vibrational frequency calculations for the different quinones in solvent, or in the presence of a single asymmetric H- bond to either a water molecule or a peptide backbone NH group, were undertaken. Calculated and experimental spectra agree best for the peptide backbone asymmetrically H- bonded system. By comparing multiple sets of double difference spectra, several new bands for the native quinone (phylloquinone) are identified. By comparing calculated and experimental spectra we conclude that the mono-substituted halogenated NQs can occupy the binding site in either of two different orientations, with the chlorine or bromine atom being either ortho or meta to the H- bonded CO group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neva Agarwala
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hiroki Makita
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gary Hastings
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Askelson PG, Meloni SL, Hoffnagle AM, Anna JM. Resolving the Impact of Hydrogen Bonding on the Phylloquinone Cofactor through Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:10120-10135. [PMID: 36444999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy (2DIR) was applied to phylloquinone (PhQ), an important biological cofactor, to elucidate the impact of hydrogen bonding on the ultrafast dynamics and energetics of the carbonyl stretching modes. 2DIR measurements were performed on PhQ dissolved in hexanol, which served as the hydrogen bonding solvent, and hexane, which served as a non-hydrogen bonding control. Molecular dynamics simulations and quantum chemical calculations were performed to aid in spectral assignment and interpretation. From the position of the peaks in the 2DIR spectra, we extracted the transition frequencies for the fundamental, overtone, and combination bands of hydrogen bonded and non-hydrogen bonded carbonyl groups of PhQ in the 1635-1680 cm-1 region. We find that hydrogen bonding to a single carbonyl group acts to decouple the two carbonyl units of PhQ. Through analysis of the time-resolved 2DIR data, we find that hydrogen bonding leads to faster vibrational relaxation as well as an increase in the inhomogeneous broadening of the carbonyl groups. Overall, this work demonstrates how hydrogen bonding to the carbonyl groups of PhQ presents in the 2DIR spectra, laying the groundwork to use PhQ as a 2DIR probe to characterize the ultrafast fluctuations in the local environment of natural photosynthetic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe G Askelson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Stephen L Meloni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Alexander M Hoffnagle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Jessica M Anna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
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Sukhanov AA, Mamedov MD, Milanovsky GE, Salikhov KM, Semenov AY. Changes in the Electron Transfer Symmetry in the Photosystem I Reaction Centers upon Removal of Iron-Sulfur Clusters. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:1109-1118. [PMID: 36273879 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In photosynthetic reaction centers of intact photosystem I (PSI) complexes from cyanobacteria, electron transfer at room temperature occurs along two symmetrical branches of redox cofactors A and B at a ratio of ~3 : 1 in favor of branch A. Previously, this has been indirectly demonstrated using pulsed absorption spectroscopy and more directly by measuring the decay modulation frequencies of electron spin echo signals (electron spin echo envelope modulation, ESEEM), which allows to determine the distance between the separated charges of the primary electron donor P700+ and phylloquinone acceptors A1A- and A1B- in the symmetric redox cofactors branches A and B. In the present work, these distances were determined using ESEEM in PSI complexes lacking three 4Fe-4S clusters, FX, FA, and FB, and the PsaC protein subunit (the so-called P700-A1 core), in which phylloquinone molecules A1A and A1B serve as the terminal electron acceptors. It was shown that in the P700-A1 core preparations, the average distance between the centers of the P700+A1- ion-radical pair at a temperature of 150 K in an aqueous glycerol solution and in a dried trehalose matrix, as well as in a trehalose matrix at 280 K, is ~25.5 Å, which corresponds to the symmetrical electron transfer along the A and B branches of redox cofactors at a ratio of 1 : 1. Possible reasons for the change in the electron transfer symmetry in PSI upon removal of the PsaC subunit and 4Fe-4S clusters FX, FA, and FB are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Sukhanov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420029, Russia
| | - Mahir D Mamedov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Georgy E Milanovsky
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Kev M Salikhov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420029, Russia
| | - Alexey Yu Semenov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
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Agarwala N, Rohani L, Hastings G. Experimental and calculated infrared spectra of disubstituted naphthoquinones. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 268:120674. [PMID: 34894562 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years there has been interest in incorporating substituted 1,4-naphthoquinones (NQs) into the A1 binding site in photosystem I (PSI) photosynthetic protein complexes. This interest in part stems from the considerably altered bioenergetics of electron transfer that occur in PSI with such substitutions. Time resolved FTIR studies of PSI complexes with disubstituted NQs incorporated have and currently are being undertaken, and with this in mind it is worth considering FTIR absorption spectra of these disubstituted NQs in solution. Here we present FTIR absorbance spectra for 2-bromo-3-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (BrMeNQ), 2-chloromethyl-3-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (CMMeNQ) and 2-ethylthio-3-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (ETMeNQ) in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The FTIR spectra of these di-substituted naphthoquinones (NQs) were compared to FTIR spectra of 2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone [phylloquinone (PhQ)], 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (DMNQ), and 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (2MNQ). To aid in the assignment of bands in the experimental spectra, density functional theory (DFT) based vibrational frequency calculations for all the substituted NQs in solution were undertaken. The calculated and experimental spectra agree well. By calculating normal mode potential energy distributions, unambiguous quantitative band assignments were made. The calculated and experimental spectra together make predictions about what may be observable in time resolved FTIR difference spectra obtained using PSI with the different NQs incorporated. Time resolved FTIR difference spectra are presented that support these predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neva Agarwala
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Leyla Rohani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Gary Hastings
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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Ali F, Shafaa MW, Amin M. Computational Approach for Probing Redox Potential for Iron-Sulfur Clusters in Photosystem I. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030362. [PMID: 35336736 PMCID: PMC8945787 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem I is a light-driven electron transfer device. Available X-ray crystal structure from Thermosynechococcus elongatus showed that electron transfer pathways consist of two nearly symmetric branches of cofactors converging at the first iron-sulfur cluster FX, which is followed by two terminal iron-sulfur clusters FA and FB. Experiments have shown that FX has lower oxidation potential than FA and FB, which facilitates the electron transfer reaction. Here, we use density functional theory and Multi-Conformer Continuum Electrostatics to explain the differences in the midpoint Em potentials of the FX, FA and FB clusters. Our calculations show that FX has the lowest oxidation potential compared to FA and FB due to strong pairwise electrostatic interactions with surrounding residues. These interactions are shown to be dominated by the bridging sulfurs and cysteine ligands, which may be attributed to the shorter average bond distances between the oxidized Fe ion and ligating sulfurs for FX compared to FA and FB. Moreover, the electrostatic repulsion between the 4Fe-4S clusters and the positive potential of the backbone atoms is lowest for FX compared to both FA and FB. These results agree with the experimental measurements from the redox titrations of low-temperature EPR signals and of room temperature recombination kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedaa Ali
- Medical Biophysics Division, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt; (F.A.); (M.W.S.)
- Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Medhat W. Shafaa
- Medical Biophysics Division, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt; (F.A.); (M.W.S.)
| | - Muhamed Amin
- Department of Sciences, University College Groningen, University of Groningen, Hoendiepskade 23/24, 9718 BG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Universiteit Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9718 BG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Correspondence:
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10
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Conder CJ, Jawale H, Wenthold PG. Mass spectrometry studies of nitrene anions. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021:e21751. [PMID: 34842299 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrene anions are a class of reactive intermediates that provide a means for studying the corresponding neutral molecules via electron photodetachment spectroscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy. The added electron makes it possible for protected nitrene anions to be manipulated by external electric and magnetic fields of a mass spectrometer. Nitrene anions also display their own unique reactivities as reagents, which have been investigated using ion/molecule reactions. Mass spectrometry of negative ions has thereby provided information on the electronic states, reactivities, and thermochemical properties of nitrene intermediates. This review also includes a discussion of condensed-phase nitrene anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory J Conder
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Harshal Jawale
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Paul G Wenthold
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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11
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Gorka M, Baldansuren A, Malnati A, Gruszecki E, Golbeck JH, Lakshmi KV. Shedding Light on Primary Donors in Photosynthetic Reaction Centers. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:735666. [PMID: 34659164 PMCID: PMC8517396 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.735666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorophylls (Chl)s exist in a variety of flavors and are ubiquitous in both the energy and electron transfer processes of photosynthesis. The functions they perform often occur on the ultrafast (fs-ns) time scale and until recently, these have been difficult to measure in real time. Further, the complexity of the binding pockets and the resulting protein-matrix effects that alter the respective electronic properties have rendered theoretical modeling of these states difficult. Recent advances in experimental methodology, computational modeling, and emergence of new reaction center (RC) structures have renewed interest in these processes and allowed researchers to elucidate previously ambiguous functions of Chls and related pheophytins. This is complemented by a wealth of experimental data obtained from decades of prior research. Studying the electronic properties of Chl molecules has advanced our understanding of both the nature of the primary charge separation and subsequent electron transfer processes of RCs. In this review, we examine the structures of primary electron donors in Type I and Type II RCs in relation to the vast body of spectroscopic research that has been performed on them to date. Further, we present density functional theory calculations on each oxidized primary donor to study both their electronic properties and our ability to model experimental spectroscopic data. This allows us to directly compare the electronic properties of hetero- and homodimeric RCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gorka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Amgalanbaatar Baldansuren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Amanda Malnati
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Elijah Gruszecki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - John H. Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - K. V. Lakshmi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
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12
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Cherepanov DA, Shelaev IV, Gostev FE, Nadtochenko VA, Xu W, Golbeck JH, Semenov AY. Symmetry breaking in photosystem I: ultrafast optical studies of variants near the accessory chlorophylls in the A- and B-branches of electron transfer cofactors. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1209-1227. [PMID: 34478050 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Femtosecond absorption spectroscopy of Photosystem I (PS I) complexes from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was carried out on three pairs of complementary amino acid substitutions located near the second pair of chlorophyll molecules Chl2A and Chl2B (also termed A-1A and A-1B). The absorption dynamics at delays of 0.1-500 ps were analyzed by decomposition into discrete decay-associated spectra and continuously distributed exponential components. The multi-exponential deconvolution of the absorption changes revealed that the electron transfer reactions in the PsaA-N600M, PsaA-N600H, and PsaA-N600L variants near the B-branch of cofactors are similar to those of the wild type, while the PsaB-N582M, PsaB-N582H, and PsaB-N582L variants near the A-branch of cofactors cause significant alterations of the photochemical processes, making them heterogeneous and poorly described by a discrete exponential kinetic model. A redistribution of the unpaired electron between the second and the third monomers Chl2A/Chl2B and Chl3A/Chl3B was identified in the time range of 9-20 ps, and the subsequent reduction of A1 was identified in the time range of 24-70 ps. In the PsaA-N600L and PsaB-N582H/L variants, the reduction of A1 occurred with a decreased quantum yield of charge separation. The decreased quantum yield correlates with a slowing of the phylloquinone A0 → A1 reduction, but not with the initial transient spectra measured at the shortest time delay. The results support a branch competition model, where the electron is sheared between Chl2A-Chl3A and Chl2B-Chl3B cofactors before its transfer to phylloquinone in either A1A or A1B sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Cherepanov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina St. 4, Moscow, 117977, Russian Federation.
| | - Ivan V Shelaev
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina St. 4, Moscow, 117977, Russian Federation
| | - Fedor E Gostev
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina St. 4, Moscow, 117977, Russian Federation
| | - Victor A Nadtochenko
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina St. 4, Moscow, 117977, Russian Federation.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Wu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - John H Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16801, USA.,Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Alexey Yu Semenov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina St. 4, Moscow, 117977, Russian Federation.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119992, Russian Federation
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13
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Gorka M, Charles P, Kalendra V, Baldansuren A, Lakshmi KV, Golbeck JH. A dimeric chlorophyll electron acceptor differentiates type I from type II photosynthetic reaction centers. iScience 2021; 24:102719. [PMID: 34278250 PMCID: PMC8267441 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This research addresses one of the most compelling issues in the field of photosynthesis, namely, the role of the accessory chlorophyll molecules in primary charge separation. Using a combination of empirical and computational methods, we demonstrate that the primary acceptor of photosystem (PS) I is a dimer of accessory and secondary chlorophyll molecules, Chl2A and Chl3A, with an asymmetric electron charge density distribution. The incorporation of highly coupled donors and acceptors in PS I allows for extensive delocalization that prolongs the lifetime of the charge-separated state, providing for high quantum efficiency. The discovery of this motif has widespread implications ranging from the evolution of naturally occurring reaction centers to the development of a new generation of highly efficient artificial photosynthetic systems. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gorka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Philip Charles
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Vidmantas Kalendra
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Amgalanbaatar Baldansuren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - K V Lakshmi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - John H Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.,Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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14
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Gorka M, Gruszecki E, Charles P, Kalendra V, Lakshmi KV, Golbeck JH. Two-dimensional HYSCORE spectroscopy reveals a histidine imidazole as the axial ligand to Chl 3A in the M688H PsaA genetic variant of Photosystem I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148424. [PMID: 33785317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies on Photosystem I (PS I) have shown that the six core chlorophyll a molecules are highly coupled, allowing for efficient creation and stabilization of the charge-separated state. One area of particular interest is the identity and function of the primary acceptor, A0, as the factors that influence its ultrafast processes and redox properties are not yet fully elucidated. It was recently shown that A0 exists as a dimer of the closely-spaced Chl2/Chl3 molecules wherein the reduced A0- state has an asymmetric distribution of electron spin density that favors Chl3. Previous experimental work in which this ligand was changed to a hard base (histidine, M688HPsaA) revealed severely impacted electron transfer processes at both the A0 and A1 acceptors; molecular dynamics simulations further suggested two distinct conformations of PS I in which the His residue coordinates and forms a hydrogen bond to the A0 and A1 cofactors, respectively. In this study, we have applied 2D HYSCORE spectroscopy in conjunction with molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations to the study of the M688HPsaA variant. Analysis of the hyperfine parameters demonstrates that the His imidazole serves as the axial ligand to the central Mg2+ ion in Chl3A in the M688HPsaA variant. Although the change in ligand identity does not alter delocalization of electron density over the Chl2/Chl3 dimer, a small shift in the asymmetry of delocalization, coupled with the electron withdrawing properties of the ligand, most likely accounts for the inhibition of forward electron transfer in the His-ligated conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gorka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Elijah Gruszecki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Philip Charles
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Vidmantas Kalendra
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - K V Lakshmi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - John H Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA; Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA.
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15
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Cherepanov DA, Shelaev IV, Gostev FE, Petrova A, Aybush AV, Nadtochenko VA, Xu W, Golbeck JH, Semenov AY. Primary charge separation within the structurally symmetric tetrameric Chl 2AP AP BChl 2B chlorophyll exciplex in photosystem I. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 217:112154. [PMID: 33636482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In Photosystem I (PS I), the role of the accessory chlorophyll (Chl) molecules, Chl2A and Chl2B (also termed A-1A and A-1B), which are directly adjacent to the special pair P700 and fork into the A- and B-branches of electron carriers, is incompletely understood. In this work, the Chl2A and Chl2B transient absorption ΔA0(λ) at a time delay of 100 fs was identified by ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy in three pairs of PS I complexes from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 with residues PsaA-N600 or PsaB-N582 (which ligate Chl2B or Chl2A through a H2O molecule) substituted by Met, His, and Leu. The ΔA0(λ) spectra were quantified using principal component analysis, the main component of which was interpreted as a mutation-induced shift of the equilibrium between the excited state of primary donor P700⁎ and the primary charge-separated state P700+Chl2-. This equilibrium is shifted to the charge-separated state in wild-type PS I and to the excited P700 in the PS I complexes with the substituted ligands to the Chl2A and Chl2B monomers. The results can be rationalized within the framework of an adiabatic model in which the P700 is electronically coupled with the symmetrically arranged monomers Chl2A and Chl2B; such a structure can be considered a symmetric tetrameric exciplex Chl2APAPBChl2B, in which the excited state (Chl2APAPBChl2B)* is mixed with two charge-transfer states P700+Chl2A- and P700+Chl2B-. The electron redistribution between the two branches in favor of the A-branch apparently takes place in the picosecond time scale after reduction of the Chl2A and Chl2B monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Cherepanov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117977 Moscow, Kosygina st., 4, Russia.
| | - Ivan V Shelaev
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117977 Moscow, Kosygina st., 4, Russia
| | - Fedor E Gostev
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117977 Moscow, Kosygina st., 4, Russia
| | - Anastasia Petrova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Leninskie gory, 1, Building 40, Russia
| | - Arseniy V Aybush
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117977 Moscow, Kosygina st., 4, Russia
| | - Victor A Nadtochenko
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117977 Moscow, Kosygina st., 4, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Wu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - John H Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA; Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Alexey Yu Semenov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117977 Moscow, Kosygina st., 4, Russia; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Leninskie gory, 1, Building 40, Russia
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16
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Chestnut MM, Milikisiyants S, Chatterjee R, Kern J, Smirnov AI. Electronic Structure of the Primary Electron Donor P700+• in Photosystem I Studied by Multifrequency HYSCORE Spectroscopy at X- and Q-Band. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:36-48. [PMID: 33356277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The primary electron donor P700 of the photosystem I (PSI) is a heterodimer consisting of two chlorophyll molecules. A series of electron-transfer events immediately following the initial light excitation leads to a stabilization of the positive charge by its cation radical form, P700+•. The electronic structure of P700+• and, in particular, its asymmetry with respect to the two chlorophyll monomers is of fundamental interest and is not fully understood up to this date. Here, we apply multifrequency X- (9 GHz) and Q-band (35 GHz) hyperfine sublevel correlation (HYSCORE) spectroscopy to investigate the electron spin density distribution in the cation radical P700+• of PSI from a thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus. Six 14N and two 1H distinct nuclei have been resolved in the HYSCORE spectra and parameters of the corresponding nuclear hyperfine and quadrupolar hyperfine interactions were obtained by combining the analysis of HYSCORE spectral features with direct numerical simulations. Based on a close similarity of the nuclear quadrupole tensor parameters, all of the resolved 14N nuclei were assigned to six out of total eight available pyrrole ring nitrogen atoms (i.e., four in each of the chlorophylls), providing direct evidence of spin density delocalization over the both monomers in the heterodimer. Using the obtained experimental values of the 14N electron-nuclear hyperfine interaction parameters, the upper limit of the electron spin density asymmetry parameter is estimated as RA/Bupper = 7.7 ± 0.5, while a tentative assignment of 14N observed in the HYSCORE spectra yields RB/A = 3.1 ± 0.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie M Chestnut
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Sergey Milikisiyants
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Ruchira Chatterjee
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jan Kern
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alex I Smirnov
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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17
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Assessment of the orientation and conformation of pigments in protein binding sites from infrared difference spectra. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1862:148366. [PMID: 33385342 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Time resolved FTIR difference spectroscopy (DS) has been used to study photosystem I (PSI) with the disubstituted 1,4-naphthoquinones acequinocyl (AcQ) and lapachol (Lpc) incorporated into the A1 binding site. AcQ is a 2-acetoxy-3-dodecyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, Lpc is a 2-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone. To assess whether the experimental spectra are specific to different orientations of the quinone and their substitutions ONIOM-type QM/MM vibrational frequency calculations were undertaken for various orientations of the pigments and side-chain conformations in the A1 binding site. Comparison of calculated and experimental spectra for the reduced species (semiquinone anion) suggests that the orientation for the naphthoquinone ring in the binding site and specific side-chain conformations can be identified based on the spectra. In native PSI phylloquinone (PhQ) in the A1 binding site binds with its phytyl chain ortho to the hydrogen bonded carbonyl group. This is not found to be the case for the hydrocarbon tail of AcQ, which is meta to the H-bonded carbonyl group. In contrast, Lpc in PSI binds with its hydrocarbon tail also ortho to the H-bonded carbonyl group. Furthermore, comparison of calculated and experimental spectra indicates which conformations the acetoxy group of AcQ and the hydroxy group of Lpc adopt in the A1 binding site.
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18
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Gorka M, Cherepanov DA, Semenov AY, Golbeck JH. Control of electron transfer by protein dynamics in photosynthetic reaction centers. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:425-468. [PMID: 32883115 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1810623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose and glycerol are low molecular mass sugars/polyols that have found widespread use in the protection of native protein states, in both short- and long-term storage of biological materials, and as a means of understanding protein dynamics. These myriad uses are often attributed to their ability to form an amorphous glassy matrix. In glycerol, the glass is formed only at cryogenic temperatures, while in trehalose, the glass is formed at room temperature, but only upon dehydration of the sample. While much work has been carried out to elucidate a mechanistic view of how each of these matrices interact with proteins to provide stability, rarely have the effects of these two independent systems been directly compared to each other. This review aims to compile decades of research on how different glassy matrices affect two types of photosynthetic proteins: (i) the Type II bacterial reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides and (ii) the Type I Photosystem I reaction center from cyanobacteria. By comparing aggregate data on electron transfer, protein structure, and protein dynamics, it appears that the effects of these two distinct matrices are remarkably similar. Both seem to cause a "tightening" of the solvation shell when in a glassy state, resulting in severely restricted conformational mobility of the protein and associated water molecules. Thus, trehalose appears to be able to mimic, at room temperature, nearly all of the effects on protein dynamics observed in low temperature glycerol glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gorka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Dmitry A Cherepanov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Yu Semenov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - John H Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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19
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Agarwala N, Makita H, Luo L, Xu W, Hastings G. Reversible inhibition and reactivation of electron transfer in photosystem I. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 145:97-109. [PMID: 32447611 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In photosystem I (PSI) complexes at room temperature electron transfer from A1- to FX is an order of magnitude faster on the B-branch compared to the A-branch. One factor that might contribute to this branch asymmetry in time constants is TrpB673 (Thermosynechococcus elongatus numbering), which is located between A1B and FX. The corresponding residue on the A-branch, between A1A and FX, is GlyA693. Here, microsecond time-resolved step-scan FTIR difference spectroscopy at 77 K has been used to study isolated PSI complexes from wild type and TrpB673Phe mutant (WB673F mutant) cells from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. WB673F mutant cells require glucose for growth and are light sensitive. Photoaccumulated FTIR difference spectra indicate changes in amide I and II protein vibrations upon mutation of TrpB673 to Phe, indicating the protein environment near FX is altered upon mutation. In the WB673F mutant PSI samples, but not in WT PSI samples, the phylloquinone molecule that occupies the A1 binding site is likely doubly protonated following long periods of repetitive flash illumination at room temperature. PSI with (doubly) protonated quinone in the A1 binding site are not functional in electron transfer. However, electron transfer functionality can be restored by incubating the light-treated mutant PSI samples in the presence of added phylloquinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neva Agarwala
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Hiroki Makita
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Lujun Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana At Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70503, USA
| | - Wu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana At Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70503, USA
| | - Gary Hastings
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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20
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1,2H hyperfine spectroscopy and DFT modeling unveil the demethylmenasemiquinone binding mode to E. coli nitrate reductase A (NarGHI). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148203. [PMID: 32305411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The quinol oxidation site QD in E. coli respiratory nitrate reductase A (EcNarGHI) reacts with the three isoprenoid quinones naturally synthesized by the bacterium, i.e. ubiquinones (UQ), menaquinones (MK) and demethylmenaquinones (DMK). The binding mode of the demethylmenasemiquinone (DMSK) intermediate to the EcNarGHI QD quinol oxidation site is analyzed in detail using 1,2H hyperfine (hf) spectroscopy in combination with H2O/D2O exchange experiments and DFT modeling, and compared to the menasemiquinone one bound to the QD site (MSKD) previously studied by us. DMSKD and MSKD are shown to bind in a similar and strongly asymmetric manner through a short (~1.7 Å) H-bond. The origin of the specific hf pattern resolved on the DMSKD field-swept EPR spectrum is unambiguously ascribed to slightly inequivalent contributions from two β-methylene protons of the isoprenoid side chain. DFT calculations show that their large isotropic hf coupling constants (Aiso ~12 and 15 MHz) are consistent with both (i) a specific highly asymmetric binding mode of DMSKD and (ii) a near in-plane orientation of its isoprenyl chain at Cβ relative to the aromatic ring, which differs by ~90° to that predicted for free or NarGHI-bound MSK. Our results provide new insights into how the conformation and the redox properties of different natural quinones are selectively fine-tuned by the protein environment at a single Q site. Such a fine-tuning most likely contributes to render NarGHI as an efficient and flexible respiratory enzyme to be used upon rapid variations of the Q-pool content.
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21
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Makita H, Hastings G. Time-resolved FTIR difference spectroscopy for the study of quinones in the A 1 binding site in photosystem I: Identification of neutral state quinone bands. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148173. [PMID: 32059842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Infrared absorption bands associated with the neutral state of quinones in the A1 binding site in photosystem I (PSI) have been difficult to identify in the past. This problem is addressed here, where time-resolved step-scan FTIR difference spectroscopy at 77 K has been used to study PSI with six different quinones incorporated into the A1 binding site. (P700+A1- - P700A1) and (A1- - A1) FTIR difference spectra (DS) were obtained for PSI with the different quinones incorporated, and several double-difference spectra (DDS) were constructed from the DS. From analysis of the DS and DDS, in combination with density functional theory based vibrational frequency calculations of the quinones, the neutral state bands of the incorporated quinones are identified and assigned. For neutral PhQ in the A1 binding site, infrared absorption bands were identified near 1665 and 1635 cm-1, that are due to the C1O and C4O stretching vibrations of the incorporated PhQ, respectively. These assignments indicate a 30 cm-1 separation between the C1O and C4O modes, considerably less than the ~80 cm-1 found for similar modes of PhQ-. The C4O mode downshifts due to hydrogen bonding, so the suggestion is that hydrogen bonding is weaker for the neutral state compared to the anion state, indicating radical-induced proton dynamics associated with the quinone in the A1 binding site in PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Makita
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Gary Hastings
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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22
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Kale R, Sallans L, Frankel LK, Bricker TM. Natively oxidized amino acid residues in the spinach PS I-LHC I supercomplex. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 143:263-273. [PMID: 31894498 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00698-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is an unavoidable byproduct of electron transport under aerobic conditions. Photosystem II (PS II), the cytochrome b6/f complex and Photosystem I (PS I) are all demonstrated sources of ROS. It has been proposed that PS I produces substantial levels of a variety of ROS including O2.-, 1O2, H2O2 and, possibly, •OH; however, the site(s) of ROS production within PS I has been the subject of significant debate. We hypothesize that amino acid residues close to the sites of ROS generation will be more susceptible to oxidative modification than distant residues. In this study, we have identified oxidized amino acid residues in spinach PS I which was isolated from field-grown spinach. The modified residues were identified by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. As expected, many of the modified residues lie on the surface of the complex. However, a well-defined group of oxidized residues, both buried and surface-exposed, lead from the chl a' of P700 to the surface of PS I. These residues (PsaB: 609F, 611E, 617M, 619W, 620L, and PsaF: 139L, 142A,143D) may identify a preferred route for ROS, probably 1O2, to egress the complex from the vicinity of P700. Additionally, two buried residues located in close proximity to A1B (PsaB:712H and 714S) were modified, which appears consistent with A1B being a source of O2.-. Surprisingly, no oxidatively modified residues were identified in close proximity to the 4Fe-FS clusters FX, FA or FB. These cofactors had been identified as principal targets for ROS damage in the photosystem. Finally, a large number of residues located in the hydrophobic cores of Lhca1-Lhca4 are oxidatively modified. These appear to be the result of 1O2 production by the distal antennae for the photosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Kale
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Larry Sallans
- The Rieveschl Laboratories for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Laurie K Frankel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Terry M Bricker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
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Gorka M, Golbeck JH. Generating dihydrogen by tethering an [FeFe]hydrogenase via a molecular wire to the A 1A/A 1B sites of photosystem I. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 143:155-163. [PMID: 31673863 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I complexes from the menB deletion mutant of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 were previously wired to a Pt nanoparticle via a molecular wire consisting of 15-(3-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone-2-yl)]pentadecyl sulfide. In the presence of a sacrificial electron donor and an electron transport mediator, the PS I-NQ(CH2)15S-Pt nanoconstruct generated dihydrogen at a rate of 44.3 µmol of H2 mg Chl-1 h-1 during illumination at pH 8.3. The menB deletion strain contains an interruption in the biosynthetic pathway of phylloquinone, which results in the presence of a displaceable plastoquinone-9 in the A1A/A1B sites. The synthesized quinone contains a headgroup identical to the native phylloquinone along with a 15-carbon long tail that is terminated in a thiol. The thiol on the molecular wire is used to bind the Pt nanoparticle. In this short communication, we replaced the Pt nanoparticle with an [FeFe]H2ase variant from Clostridium acetobutylicum that contains an exposed iron on the distal [4Fe-4S] cluster afforded by mutating the surface exposed Cys97 residue to Gly. The thiol on the molecular wire is then used to coordinate the corner iron atom of the iron-sulfur cluster. When all three components are combined and illuminated in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor and an electron transport mediator, the PS I-NQ(CH2)15S-[FeFe]H2ase nanoconstruct generated dihydrogen at a rate of 50.3 ± 9.96 μmol of H2 mg Chl-1 h-1 during illumination at pH 8.3. This successful in vitro experiment sets the stage for assembling a PS I-NQ(CH2)15S-[FeFe]H2ase nanoconstruct in vivo in the menB mutant of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gorka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - John H Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, S328 Frear Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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Cherepanov DA, Brady NG, Shelaev IV, Nguyen J, Gostev FE, Mamedov MD, Nadtochenko VA, Bruce BD. PSI-SMALP, a Detergent-free Cyanobacterial Photosystem I, Reveals Faster Femtosecond Photochemistry. Biophys J 2020; 118:337-351. [PMID: 31882247 PMCID: PMC6976803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.3391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial photosystem I (PSI) functions as a light-driven cyt c6-ferredoxin/oxidoreductase located in the thylakoid membrane. In this work, the energy and charge transfer processes in PSI complexes isolated from Thermosynechococcus elongatus via conventional n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside solubilization (DM-PSI) and a, to our knowledge, new detergent-free method using styrene-maleic acid copolymers (SMA-PSI) have been investigated by pump-to-probe femtosecond laser spectroscopy. In DM-PSI preparations excited at 740 nm, the excitation remained localized on the long-wavelength chlorophyll forms within 0.1-20 ps and revealed little or no charge separation and oxidation of the special pair, P700. The formation of ion-radical pair P700+A1- occurred with a characteristic time of 36 ps, being kinetically controlled by energy transfer from the long-wavelength chlorophyll to P700. Quite surprisingly, the detergent-free SMA-PSI complexes upon excitation by these long-wave pulses undergo an ultrafast (<100 fs) charge separation in ∼45% of particles. In the remaining complexes (∼55%), the energy transfer to P700 occurred at ∼36 ps, similar to the DM-PSI. Both isolation methods result in a trimeric form of PSI, yet the SMA-PSI complexes display a heterogenous kinetic behavior. The much faster rate of charge separation suggests the existence of an ultrafast pathway for charge separation in the SMA-PSI that may be disrupted during detergent isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Cherepanov
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nathan G Brady
- Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Ivan V Shelaev
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jon Nguyen
- Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Fedor E Gostev
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mahir D Mamedov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor A Nadtochenko
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Barry D Bruce
- Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee; Energy Science & Engineering Program, The Bredesen Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee.
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25
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Sétif P, Boussac A, Krieger-Liszkay A. Near-infrared in vitro measurements of photosystem I cofactors and electron-transfer partners with a recently developed spectrophotometer. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 142:307-319. [PMID: 31482263 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A kinetic-LED-array-spectrophotometer (Klas) was recently developed for measuring in vivo redox changes of P700, plastocyanin (PCy), and ferredoxin (Fd) in the near-infrared (NIR). This spectrophotometer is used in the present work for in vitro light-induced measurements with various combinations of photosystem I (PSI) from tobacco and two different cyanobacteria, spinach plastocyanin, cyanobacterial cytochrome c6 (cyt. c6), and Fd. It is shown that cyt. c6 oxidation contributes to the NIR absorption changes. The reduction of (FAFB), the terminal electron acceptor of PSI, was also observed and the shape of the (FAFB) NIR difference spectrum is similar to that of Fd. The NIR difference spectra of the electron-transfer cofactors were compared between different organisms and to those previously measured in vivo, whereas the relative absorption coefficients of all cofactors were determined by using single PSI turnover conditions. Thus, the (840 nm minus 965 nm) extinction coefficients of the light-induced species (oxidized minus reduced for PC and cyt. c6, reduced minus oxidized for (FAFB), and Fd) were determined with values of 0.207 ± 0.004, - 0.033 ± 0.006, - 0.036 ± 0.008, and - 0.021 ± 0.005 for PCy, cyt. c6, (FAFB) (single reduction), and Fd, respectively, by taking a reference value of + 1 for P700+. The fact that the NIR P700 coefficient is larger than that of PCy and much larger than that of other contributing species, combined with the observed variability in the NIR P700 spectral shape, emphasizes that deconvolution of NIR signals into different components requires a very precise determination of the P700 spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Sétif
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - Alain Boussac
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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Calculated vibrational properties of semiquinones in the A1 binding site in photosystem I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:699-707. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Poluektov OG, Niklas J, Utschig LM. Spin-Correlated Radical Pairs as Quantum Sensors of Bidirectional ET Mechanisms in Photosystem I. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:7536-7544. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b06636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G. Poluektov
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jens Niklas
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Lisa M. Utschig
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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Multiple pathways of charge recombination revealed by the temperature dependence of electron transfer kinetics in cyanobacterial photosystem I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:601-610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Santabarbara S, Casazza AP. Kinetics and Energetics of Phylloquinone Reduction in Photosystem I: Insight From Modeling of the Site Directed Mutants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:852. [PMID: 31312208 PMCID: PMC6614487 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two phylloquinone molecules (A 1), one being predominantly coordinated by PsaA subunit residues (A 1A) the other by those of PsaB (A 1B), act as intermediates in the two parallel electron transfer chains of Photosystem I. The oxidation kinetics of the two phyllosemiquinones by the iron-sulfur cluster FX differ by approximately one order of magnitude, with A 1 A - being oxidized in about 200 ns and A 1 B - in about 20 ns. These differences are generally explained in terms of asymmetries in the driving force for FX reduction on the two electron transfer chains. Site directed mutations of conserved amino acids composing the A 1 binding site have been engineered on both reaction center subunits, and proved to affect selectively the oxidation lifetime of either A 1 A - , for PsaA mutants, or A 1 B - , for PsaB mutants. The mutation effects are here critically reviewed, also by novel modeling simulations employing the tunneling formalism to estimate the electron transfer rates. Three main classes of mutation effects are in particular addressed: (i) those leading to an acceleration, (ii) those leading to a moderated slowing (~5-folds), and (iii) those leading to a severe slowing (>20-folds) of the kinetics. The effect of specific amino acid perturbations contributing to the poising of the phylloquinones redox potential and, in turn, to PSI functionality, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Santabarbara
- Centre for Fundamental Research in Photosynthesis, Vergiate, Italy
- Photosynthesis Research Unit, Centro Studi sulla Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare delle Piante, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Casazza
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
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30
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Bolychevtseva YV, Terekhova IV, Shubin VV, Yurina NP. Thermostability of Photosystem I Trimers and Monomers from the Cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Santabarbara S, Casazza AP, Hastings G. Modelling electron transfer in photosystem I: limits and perspectives. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:73-87. [PMID: 30847929 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Uncovering the parameters underlying the electron transfer (ET) in photosynthetic reaction centres is of importance for understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning their functionality. The reductive nature of most cofactors involved in photosynthetic ET makes the direct estimation of their properties difficult. Photosystem I (PSI) operates in a highly reducing regime, making the assessment of cofactor properties even more difficult. Kinetic modelling coupled to a non-adiabatic description of ET is a useful approach in overcoming this hindrance. Here we review the theory and modelling approaches that have been used in assessing parameters associated with ET reactions in PSI, with particular attention to ET reactions involving the phylloquinones and the iron-sulphur clusters. In most modelling studies, the goal is to estimate the driving force of ET, which is usually associated with the cofactor midpoint potentials. The driving force is sensitive to many factors, which define the ET rate, i.e. the reorganisation energy, the coupling with nuclear modes and the electronic matrix elements, which are explored and discussed here. The importance of an inclusive modelling of both forward and reverse ET processes is discussed and highlighted. It is shown that although estimates are indeed sensitive to the exact parameter sets employed in the modelling, a general consensus is still attained, pointing to a scenario where Δ G A 1 A → F X 0 / Δ G A 1 B → F X 0 is weakly endergonic/exergonic, respectively. It is emphasised that to further refine those estimates, it will require a joint effort between computational modelling and more wide-ranging experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Santabarbara
- Centre for Fundamental Research in Photosynthesis, 21029, Varese, Italy
- Photosynthesis Research Unit, Centro Studi sulla Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare delle Piante, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Casazza
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Gary Hastings
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
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32
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Kurashov V, Gorka M, Milanovsky GE, Johnson TW, Cherepanov DA, Semenov AY, Golbeck JH. Critical evaluation of electron transfer kinetics in P700–FA/FB, P700–FX, and P700–A1 Photosystem I core complexes in liquid and in trehalose glass. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:1288-1301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.09.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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33
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Makita H, Hastings G. Time-resolved step-scan FTIR difference spectroscopy for the study of photosystem I with different benzoquinones incorporated into the A1 binding site. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:1199-1206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Makita H, Hastings G. Photosystem I with benzoquinone analogues incorporated into the A 1 binding site. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 137:85-93. [PMID: 29332243 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved FTIR difference spectroscopy has been used to study photosystem I (PSI) particles with three different benzoquinones [plastoquinone-9 (PQ), 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DMBQ), 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone (Cl4BQ)] incorporated into the A1 binding site. If PSI samples are cooled in the dark to 77 K, the incorporated benzoquinones are shown to be functional, allowing the production of time-resolved (P700+A1--P700A1) FTIR difference spectra. If samples are subjected to repetitive flash illumination at room temperature prior to cooling, however, the time-resolved FTIR difference spectra at 77 K display contributions typical of the P700 triplet state (3P700), indicating a loss of functionality of the incorporated benzoquinones, that occurs because of double protonation of the incorporated benzoquinones. The benzoquinone protonation mechanism likely involves nearby water molecules but does not involve the terminal iron-sulfur clusters FA and FB. These results and conclusions resolve discrepancies between results from previous low-temperature FTIR and EPR studies on similar PSI samples with PQ incorporated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Makita
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, 25 Park Place, Suite 605, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Gary Hastings
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, 25 Park Place, Suite 605, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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35
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Shelaev IV, Mamedov MD, Gostev FE, Aybush AV, Li M, Nguyen J, Bruce BD, Nadtochenko VA. Comparisons of Electron Transfer Reactions in a Cyanobacterial Tetrameric and Trimeric Photosystem I Complexes. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:564-569. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V. Shelaev
- N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Mahir D. Mamedov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical–Chemical Biology Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - Fedor E. Gostev
- N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Arseny V. Aybush
- N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville TN
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research University of Tennessee Knoxville TN
| | - Jonathan Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville TN
| | - Barry D. Bruce
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville TN
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research University of Tennessee Knoxville TN
- Department of Microbiology University of Tennessee Knoxville TN
| | - Victor A. Nadtochenko
- N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Dolgoprudny Russia
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36
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Kondo T, Matsuoka M, Azai C, Kobayashi M, Itoh S, Oh-oka H. Light-Induced Electron Spin-Polarized (ESP) EPR Signal of the P800+ Menaquinone– Radical Pair State in Oriented Membranes of Heliobacterium modesticaldum: Role/Location of Menaquinone in the Homodimeric Type I Reaction Center. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:2536-2543. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kondo
- Division of Material Science (Physics), Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Masahiro Matsuoka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Chihiro Azai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Masami Kobayashi
- Division of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Shigeru Itoh
- Division of Material Science (Physics), Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hirozo Oh-oka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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37
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Cherepanov DA, Milanovsky GE, Petrova AA, Tikhonov AN, Semenov AY. Electron Transfer through the Acceptor Side of Photosystem I: Interaction with Exogenous Acceptors and Molecular Oxygen. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 82:1249-1268. [PMID: 29223152 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review considers the state-of-the-art on mechanisms and alternative pathways of electron transfer in photosynthetic electron transport chains of chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. The mechanisms of electron transport control between photosystems (PS) I and II and the Calvin-Benson cycle are considered. The redistribution of electron fluxes between the noncyclic, cyclic, and pseudocyclic pathways plays an important role in the regulation of photosynthesis. Mathematical modeling of light-induced electron transport processes is considered. Particular attention is given to the electron transfer reactions on the acceptor side of PS I and to interactions of PS I with exogenous acceptors, including molecular oxygen. A kinetic model of PS I and its interaction with exogenous electron acceptors has been developed. This model is based on experimental kinetics of charge recombination in isolated PS I. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the electron transfer reactions in PS I are scrutinized. The free energies of electron transfer between quinone acceptors A1A/A1B in the symmetric redox cofactor branches of PS I and iron-sulfur clusters FX, FA, and FB have been estimated. The second-order rate constants of electron transfer from PS I to external acceptors have been determined. The data suggest that byproduct formation of superoxide radical in PS I due to the reduction of molecular oxygen in the A1 site (Mehler reaction) can exceed 0.3% of the total electron flux in PS I.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Cherepanov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
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38
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Mutations in algal and cyanobacterial Photosystem I that independently affect the yield of initial charge separation in the two electron transfer cofactor branches. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:42-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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39
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Mignée C, Mutoh R, Krieger-Liszkay A, Kurisu G, Sétif P. Gallium ferredoxin as a tool to study the effects of ferredoxin binding to photosystem I without ferredoxin reduction. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 134:251-263. [PMID: 28205062 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of ferredoxin by photosystem I (PSI) involves the [4Fe-4S] clusters FA and FB harbored by PsaC, with FB being the direct electron transfer partner of ferredoxin (Fd). Binding of the redox-inactive gallium ferredoxin to PSI was investigated by flash-absorption spectroscopy, studying both the P700+ decay and the reduction of the native iron Fd in the presence of FdGa. FdGa binding resulted in a faster recombination between P700+ and (FA, FB)-, a slower electron escape from (FA, FB)- to exogenous acceptors, and a decreased amount of intracomplex FdFe reduction, in accordance with competitive binding between FdFe and FdGa. [FdGa] titrations of these effects revealed that the dissociation constant for the PSI:FdGa complex is different whether (FA, FB) is oxidized or singly reduced. This difference in binding, together with the increase in the recombination rate, could both be attributed to a c. -30 mV shift of the midpoint potential of (FA, FB), considered as a single electron acceptor, due to FdGa binding. This effect of FdGa binding, which can be extrapolated to FdFe because of the highly similar structure and the identical charge of the two Fds, should help irreversibility of electron transfer within the PSI:Fd complex. The effect of Fd binding on the individual midpoint potentials of FA and FB is also discussed with respect to the possible consequences on intra-PSI electron transfer and on the escape process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Mignée
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), IBITECS, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Risa Mutoh
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), IBITECS, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Genji Kurisu
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Pierre Sétif
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), IBITECS, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
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40
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Molotokaite E, Remelli W, Casazza AP, Zucchelli G, Polli D, Cerullo G, Santabarbara S. Trapping Dynamics in Photosystem I-Light Harvesting Complex I of Higher Plants Is Governed by the Competition Between Excited State Diffusion from Low Energy States and Photochemical Charge Separation. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:9816-9830. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b07064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Egle Molotokaite
- Centro
Studi sulla Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare delle Piante, CNR, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - William Remelli
- Centro
Studi sulla Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare delle Piante, CNR, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Casazza
- Istituto
di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Bassini 15a, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zucchelli
- Centro
Studi sulla Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare delle Piante, CNR, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie del CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo
da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology at Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Giovanni Pascoli, 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie del CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo
da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Santabarbara
- Centro
Studi sulla Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare delle Piante, CNR, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
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41
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Milanovsky GE, Petrova AA, Cherepanov DA, Semenov AY. Kinetic modeling of electron transfer reactions in photosystem I complexes of various structures with substituted quinone acceptors. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 133:185-199. [PMID: 28352992 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The reduction kinetics of the photo-oxidized primary electron donor P700 in photosystem I (PS I) complexes from cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 were analyzed within the kinetic model, which considers electron transfer (ET) reactions between P700, secondary quinone acceptor A1, iron-sulfur clusters and external electron donor and acceptors - methylviologen (MV), 2,3-dichloro-naphthoquinone (Cl2NQ) and oxygen. PS I complexes containing various quinones in the A1-binding site (phylloquinone PhQ, plastoquinone-9 PQ and Cl2NQ) as well as F X-core complexes, depleted of terminal iron-sulfur F A/F B clusters, were studied. The acceleration of charge recombination in F X-core complexes by PhQ/PQ substitution indicates that backward ET from the iron-sulfur clusters involves quinone in the A1-binding site. The kinetic parameters of ET reactions were obtained by global fitting of the P700+ reduction with the kinetic model. The free energy gap ΔG 0 between F X and F A/F B clusters was estimated as -130 meV. The driving force of ET from A1 to F X was determined as -50 and -220 meV for PhQ in the A and B cofactor branches, respectively. For PQ in A1A-site, this reaction was found to be endergonic (ΔG 0 = +75 meV). The interaction of PS I with external acceptors was quantitatively described in terms of Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The second-order rate constants of ET from F A/F B, F X and Cl2NQ in the A1-site of PS I to external acceptors were estimated. The side production of superoxide radical in the A1-site by oxygen reduction via the Mehler reaction might comprise ≥0.3% of the total electron flow in PS I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgy E Milanovsky
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Petrova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Cherepanov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexey Yu Semenov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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42
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Quinones in the A1 binding site in photosystem I studied using time-resolved FTIR difference spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:804-813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Seif Eddine M, Biaso F, Arias‐Cartin R, Pilet E, Rendon J, Lyubenova S, Seduk F, Guigliarelli B, Magalon A, Grimaldi S. Probing the Menasemiquinone Binding Mode to Nitrate Reductase A by Selective2H and15N Labeling, HYSCORE Spectroscopy, and DFT Modeling. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:2704-2714. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eric Pilet
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, BIP Marseille France
- Faculté de Biologie, University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris France
| | - Julia Rendon
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, BIP Marseille France
| | | | - Farida Seduk
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCB Marseille France
| | | | - Axel Magalon
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCB Marseille France
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44
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Inverted-region electron transfer as a mechanism for enhancing photosynthetic solar energy conversion efficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:9267-9272. [PMID: 28814630 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1704855114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In all photosynthetic organisms, light energy is used to drive electrons from a donor chlorophyll species via a series of acceptors across a biological membrane. These light-induced electron-transfer processes display a remarkably high quantum efficiency, indicating a near-complete inhibition of unproductive charge recombination reactions. It has been suggested that unproductive charge recombination could be inhibited if the reaction occurs in the so-called inverted region. However, inverted-region electron transfer has never been demonstrated in any native photosynthetic system. Here we demonstrate that the unproductive charge recombination in native photosystem I photosynthetic reaction centers does occur in the inverted region, at both room and cryogenic temperatures. Computational modeling of light-induced electron-transfer processes in photosystem I demonstrate a marked decrease in photosynthetic quantum efficiency, from 98% to below 72%, if the unproductive charge recombination process does not occur in the inverted region. Inverted-region electron transfer is therefore demonstrated to be an important mechanism contributing to efficient solar energy conversion in photosystem I. Inverted-region electron transfer does not appear to be an important mechanism in other photosystems; it is likely because of the highly reducing nature of photosystem I, and the energetic requirements placed on the pigments to operate in such a regime, that the inverted-region electron transfer mechanism becomes important.
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45
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Hossain E, Deng SM, Gozem S, Krylov AI, Wang XB, Wenthold PG. Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of Quinonimides. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11138-11148. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekram Hossain
- The
Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Shihu M. Deng
- Physical
Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999, MS k8-88 Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Samer Gozem
- Department
of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles, 90089, United States
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department
of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles, 90089, United States
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical
Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999, MS k8-88 Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Paul G. Wenthold
- The
Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
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46
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Kawashima K, Ishikita H. Structural Factors That Alter the Redox Potential of Quinones in Cyanobacterial and Plant Photosystem I. Biochemistry 2017; 56:3019-3028. [PMID: 28530393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Using the cyanobacterial and plant photosystem I (PSI) crystal structures and by considering the protonation states of all titratable residues, redox potentials (Em) of the two phylloquinones-A1A and A1B-were calculated. The calculated Em values were Em(A1A) = -773 mV and Em(A1B) = -818 mV for the plant PSI structure and Em(A1A) = -612 mV and Em(A1B) = -719 mV for the cyanobacterial PSI structure. Our analysis of the PSI crystal structures suggested that the side-chain orientations of Lys-B542 and Gln-B678 in the cyanobacterial crystal structure differ from these side-chain orientations in the plant crystal structure. Quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical calculations indicated that the geometry of the cyanobacterial PSI crystal structure was best described as the conformation where Asp-B575 is protonated and A1A is reduced to A1A•-, which might represent the high-potential A1A form ( Rutherford, A. W., Osyczka, A., Rappaport, F. ( 2012 ) FEBS Lett. 586 , 603 - 616 ). Reorienting the Lys-B542 and Gln-B678 side-chains and rearranging the H-bond pattern of the water cluster near Asp-B575 lowered the Em to Em(A1A) = -718 mV and Em(A1B) = -795 mV. It seems possible that PSI has two conformations: the high-potential A1A form and the low-potential A1A form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kawashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishikita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
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47
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Xu XL, Li Z. Catalytic Electrophilic Alkylation ofp-Quinones through a Redox Chain Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Zhi Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong Shanghai 201210 China
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48
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Xu XL, Li Z. Catalytic Electrophilic Alkylation ofp-Quinones through a Redox Chain Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8196-8200. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Zhi Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong Shanghai 201210 China
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49
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Wang L, Li Q, Zhang A, Zhou W, Jiang R, Yang Z, Yang H, Qin X, Ding S, Lu Q, Wen X, Lu C. The Phytol Phosphorylation Pathway Is Essential for the Biosynthesis of Phylloquinone, which Is Required for Photosystem I Stability in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:183-196. [PMID: 28007557 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Phytyl-diphosphate, which provides phytyl moieties as a common substrate in both tocopherol and phylloquinone biosynthesis, derives from de novo isoprenoid biosynthesis or a salvage pathway via phytol phosphorylation. However, very little is known about the role and origin of the phytyl moiety for phylloquinone biosynthesis. Since VTE6, a phytyl-phosphate kinase, is a key enzyme for phytol phosphorylation, we characterized Arabidopsis vte6 mutants to gain insight into the roles of phytyl moieties in phylloquinone biosynthesis and of phylloquinone in photosystem I (PSI) biogenesis. The VTE6 knockout mutants vte6-1 and vte6-2 lacked detectable phylloquinone, whereas the phylloquinone content in the VTE6 knockdown mutant vte6-3 was 90% lower than that in wild-type. In vte6 mutants, PSI function was impaired and accumulation of the PSI complex was defective. The PSI core subunits PsaA/B were efficiently synthesized and assembled into the PSI complex in vte6-3. However, the degradation rate of PSI subunits in the assembled PSI complex was more rapid in vte6-3 than in wild-type. In vte6-3, PSI was more susceptible to high-light damage than in wild-type. Our results provide the first genetic evidence that the phytol phosphorylation pathway is essential for phylloquinone biosynthesis, and that phylloquinone is required for PSI complex stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aihong Zhang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhipan Yang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Huixia Yang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaochun Qin
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shunhua Ding
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qingtao Lu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaogang Wen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Congming Lu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100093, China.
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50
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Shelaev I, Gorka M, Savitsky A, Kurashov V, Mamedov M, Gostev F, Möbius K, Nadtochenko V, Golbeck J, Semenov A. Effect of Dehydrated Trehalose Matrix on the Kinetics of Forward Electron Transfer Reactions in Photosystem I. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2016-0860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The effect of dehydration on the kinetics of forward electron transfer (ET) has been studied in cyanobacterial photosystem I (PS I) complexes in a trehalose glassy matrix by time-resolved optical and EPR spectroscopies in the 100 fs to 1 ms time domain. The kinetics of the flash-induced absorption changes in the subnanosecond time domain due to primary and secondary charge separation steps were monitored by pump–probe laser spectroscopy with 20-fs low-energy pump pulses centered at 720 nm. The back-reaction kinetics of P700 were measured by high-field time-resolved EPR spectroscopy and the forward kinetics of
A
1A
•
−
/
A
1
B
•
−
→
F
X
${\rm{A}}_{{\rm{1A}}}^{ \bullet - }/{\rm{A}}_{1{\rm{B}}}^{ \bullet - } \to {{\rm{F}}_{\rm{X}}}$
by time-resolved optical spectroscopy at 480 nm. The kinetics of the primary ET reactions to form the primary
P
700
•
+
A
0
•
−
${\rm{P}}_{700}^{ \bullet + }{\rm{A}}_0^{ \bullet - }$
and the secondary
P
700
•
+
A
1
•
−
${\rm{P}}_{700}^{ \bullet + }{\rm{A}}_1^{ \bullet - }$
ion radical pairs were not affected by dehydration in the trehalose matrix, while the yield of the
P
700
•
+
A
1
•
−
${\rm{P}}_{700}^{ \bullet + }{\rm{A}}_1^{ \bullet - }$
was decreased by ~20%. Forward ET from the phylloquinone molecules in the
A
1
A
•
−
${\rm{A}}_{1{\rm{A}}}^{ \bullet - }$
and
A
1
B
•
−
${\rm{A}}_{1{\rm{B}}}^{ \bullet - }$
sites to the iron–sulfur cluster FX slowed from ~220 ns and ~20 ns in solution to ~13 μs and ~80 ns, respectively. However, as shown by EPR spectroscopy, the ~15 μs kinetic phase also contains a small contribution from the recombination between
A
1
B
•
−
${\rm{A}}_{1{\rm{B}}}^{ \bullet - }$
and
P
700
•
+
.
${\rm{P}}_{700}^{ \bullet + }.$
These data reveal that the initial ET reactions from P700 to secondary phylloquinone acceptors in the A- and B-branches of cofactors (A1A and A1B) remain unaffected whereas ET beyond A1A and A1B is slowed or prevented by constrained protein dynamics due to the dry trehalose glass matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Shelaev
- N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Michael Gorka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Anton Savitsky
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany , Phone: 0049-208-3063555, Fax: 0049-208-3063955
| | - Vasily Kurashov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Mahir Mamedov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical–Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation
| | - Fedor Gostev
- N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Klaus Möbius
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor Nadtochenko
- N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - John Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Alexey Semenov
- N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical–Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation
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