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Liu AB, Liu J, Wang S, Ma L, Zhang JF. Biological role and expression of translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) in tumorigenesis and development and its potential for targeted tumor therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:198. [PMID: 38835077 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), also known as histamine-releasing factor (HRF) or fortilin, is a highly conserved protein found in various species. To date, multiple studies have demonstrated the crucial role of TCTP in a wide range of cellular pathophysiological processes, including cell proliferation and survival, cell cycle regulation, cell death, as well as cell migration and movement, all of which are major pathogenic mechanisms of tumorigenesis and development. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the functional role of TCTP in tumor initiation and progression, with a particular focus on cell proliferation, cell death, and cell migration. It will highlight the expression and pathological implications of TCTP in various tumor types, summarizing the current prevailing therapeutic strategies that target TCTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Bu Liu
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Medical Experimental Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000, Ningxia, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000, Ningxia, China.
| | - Jun-Fei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000, Ningxia, China.
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Pilátová MB, Solárová Z, Mezencev R, Solár P. Ceramides and their roles in programmed cell death. Adv Med Sci 2023; 68:417-425. [PMID: 37866204 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death plays a crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis and integrity of multicellular organisms, and its dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases. Programmed cell death is regulated by a range of macromolecules and low-molecular messengers, including ceramides. Endogenous ceramides have different functions, that are influenced by their localization and the presence of their target molecules. This article provides an overview of the current understanding of ceramides and their impact on various types of programmed cell death, including apoptosis, anoikis, macroautophagy and mitophagy, and necroptosis. Moreover, it highlights the emergence of dihydroceramides as a new class of bioactive sphingolipids and their downstream targets as well as their future roles in cancer cell growth, drug resistance and tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bago Pilátová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Solárová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Roman Mezencev
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peter Solár
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic.
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3
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Khaksar S, Bigdeli M, Samiee A, Shirazi-zand Z. Antioxidant and Anti-apoptotic Effects of Cannabidiol in Model of Ischemic Stroke in Rats. Brain Res Bull 2022; 180:118-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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4
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The Diversity of the Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Protein Import Channels: Emerging Targets for Modulation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134087. [PMID: 34279427 PMCID: PMC8272145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The functioning of mitochondria and their biogenesis are largely based on the proper function of the mitochondrial outer membrane channels, which selectively recognise and import proteins but also transport a wide range of other molecules, including metabolites, inorganic ions and nucleic acids. To date, nine channels have been identified in the mitochondrial outer membrane of which at least half represent the mitochondrial protein import apparatus. When compared to the mitochondrial inner membrane, the presented channels are mostly constitutively open and consequently may participate in transport of different molecules and contribute to relevant changes in the outer membrane permeability based on the channel conductance. In this review, we focus on the channel structure, properties and transported molecules as well as aspects important to their modulation. This information could be used for future studies of the cellular processes mediated by these channels, mitochondrial functioning and therapies for mitochondria-linked diseases.
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Shahar N, Larisch S. Inhibiting the inhibitors: Targeting anti-apoptotic proteins in cancer and therapy resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 52:100712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Murase M, Nakayama Y, Sessler DI, Mukai N, Ogawa S, Nakajima Y. Changes in platelet Bax levels contribute to impaired platelet response to thrombin after cardiopulmonary bypass: prospective observational clinical and laboratory investigations. Br J Anaesth 2019; 119:1118-1126. [PMID: 29040496 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anucleate platelets can undergo apoptosis in response to various stimuli, as do nucleated cells. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) causes platelet dysfunction and can also activate platelet apoptotic pathways. We therefore evaluated time-dependent changes in blood platelet Bax (a pro-apoptotic molecule) levels and platelet dysfunction after cardiac surgery. Methods We assessed blood samples obtained from subjects having on-pump or off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery ( n =20 each). We also evaluated the in vitro effects of platelet Bax increase in eight healthy volunteers. Results Thrombin-induced platelet calcium mobilisation and platelet-surface glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) expression were lowest at weaning from CPB and did not recover on postoperative day one. On-pump surgery increased platelet expression of Bax, especially the oligomerised form, along with translocation of Bax from the cytosol to mitochondria and platelet-surface tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-converting enzyme (TACE) expression. In contrast, mitochondrial cytochrome c expression was reduced. While similar in direction, the magnitude of the observed changes was smaller in patients having off-pump surgery. In vitro , a cell-permeable Bax peptide increased platelet Bax expression to the same extent seen during bypass and produced similar platelet changes. These apoptotic-like changes were largely reversed by Bcl-xL pre-administration, and were completely reversed by combined application of inhibitors that stabilise outer mitochondrial membrane permeability and TACE. Conclusions CPB increases platelet Bax expression, which contributes to reduced platelet-surface GPIb expression and thrombin-induced platelet calcium changes. These changes in platelet apoptotic signalling might contribute to platelet dysfunction after CPB. Clinical trial registration UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (number UMIN000006033).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Murase
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Y Nakayama
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - D I Sessler
- Department of Outcomes Research, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH 44195, USA
| | - N Mukai
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - S Ogawa
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Y Nakajima
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1191, Japan
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CW EPR and DEER Methods to Determine BCL-2 Family Protein Structure and Interactions: Application of Site-Directed Spin Labeling to BAK Apoptotic Pores. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 30536012 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8861-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The continuous wave (CW) and pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) methods enable the measurement of distances between spin-labeled residues in biopolymers including proteins, providing structural information. Here we describe the CW EPR deconvolution/convolution method and the four-pulse double electron-electron resonance (DEER) approach for distance determination, which were applied to elucidate the organization of the BAK apoptotic pores formed in the lipid bilayers.
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Chen L, Li X, Cheng M, Wang S, Zheng Q, Liu Q. Iso-pencillixanthone A from a marine-derived fungus reverses multidrug resistance in cervical cancer cells through down-regulating P-gp and re-activating apoptosis. RSC Adv 2018; 8:41192-41206. [PMID: 35559314 PMCID: PMC9091570 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09506j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of multidrug resistance (MDR) is highly associated with the overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, among which, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) plays one of the most important roles. Iso-pencillixanthone A (iso-PXA) is a compound isolated from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium oxalicum. No studies on the anti-tumor effect of this compound have been reported, except for a few focusing on its bactericidal properties. In this study, we found iso-PXA could stimulate P-gp ATPase activity and attenuate P-gp expression to increase the intracellular drug concentration in the cervical vincristine (VCR)-resistant cell line HeLa/VCR. Then, it increased ROS generation, depolarized MMP, promoted the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and further activated caspase-9, caspase-3 and PARP to induce cell apoptosis effectively through the intrinsic pathway. Caspase-8 medicated cleavage of Bid into the truncated form tBid partially initiated the mitochondrial apoptotic events. The elevation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, the accumulation of FBW7 and the degradation of Mcl-1 accelerated the iso-PXA induced apoptotic process. The HeLa/VCR cell xenograft model again confirmed that iso-PXA had much better efficacy than vincristine in vivo. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that iso-PXA elicited remarkable anti-tumor and anti-MDR activity through inhibiting P-gp expression and function and re-activating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in vitro and in vivo, suggesting it as a potential chemotherapeutic lead compound in the treatment of cervical MDR cancers. Our study reveals the anti-tumor and anti-MDR effect and mechanism of iso-PXA for the first time.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350002
- P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350002
- P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350002
- P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350002
- P. R. China
| | - Qiuhong Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy
- Fujian Cancer Hospital
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital
- Fuzhou 350014
- P. R. China
| | - Qinying Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy
- Fujian Cancer Hospital
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital
- Fuzhou 350014
- P. R. China
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Bu X, Wu D, Lu X, Yang L, Xu X, Wang J, Tang J. Role of SIRT1/PGC-1α in mitochondrial oxidative stress in autistic spectrum disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:1633-1645. [PMID: 28694700 PMCID: PMC5491272 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s129081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder and has a high prevalence in children. Recently, mitochondrial oxidative stress has been proposed to be associated with ASD. Besides, SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling plays an important role in combating oxidative stress. In this study, we sought to determine the role of SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling in the ASD lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). In this study, the mRNA and protein expressions of SIRT1/PGC-1α axis genes were assessed in 35 children with ASD and 35 healthy controls (matched for age, gender, and IQ). An immortalized LCL was established by transforming lymphocytes with Epstein-Barr virus. Next, we used ASD LCLs and control LCLs to detect SIRT1/PGC-1α axis genes expression and oxidative damage. Finally, the effect of overexpression of PGC-1α on oxidative injury in the ASD LCLs was determined. SIRT1/PGC-1α axis genes expression was downregulated at RNA and protein levels in ASD patients and LCLs. Besides, the translocation of cytochrome c and DIABLO from mitochondria to the cytosol was found in the ASD LCLs. Moreover, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial ROS and cell apoptosis were increased in the ASD LCLs. However, overexpression of PGC-1α upregulated the SIRT1/PGC-1α axis genes expression and reduced cytochrome c and DIABLO release in the ASD LCLs. Also, overexpression of PGC-1α reduced the ROS generation and cell apoptosis in the ASD LCLs. Overexpression of PGC-1α could reduce the oxidative injury in the ASD LCLs, and PGC-1α may act as a target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Bu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - De Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiulai Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
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Zhu Y, Xiao X, Li G, Bu J, Zhou W, Zhou S. Isoflurane anesthesia induces liver injury by regulating the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:1608-1613. [PMID: 28413517 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that isoflurane may cause perioperative liver injury. However, the mechanism of its action remains unknown. The purpose of the present study was to determine this possible mechanism. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into one of three groups (all n=12): Control group (exposed to mock anesthesia), isoflurane group (exposed to 2% isoflurane for 90 min), and isoflurane + insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) group (exposed to 2% isoflurane for 90 min and then treated with IGF-1). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were conducted to determine the levels of expression of IGF-1 and its receptor IGF-R. Liver necrosis was assessed by histological examination. TUNEL assay was performed to determine the apoptosis of hepatic cells. In addition, the levels of the proteins caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) were measured. Compared with the control group, levels of IGF-1 and IGF-1R mRNA and protein were significantly decreased following exposure to isoflurane (all P<0.05). The necrosis rate and liver apoptosis were significantly increased in the group treated with isoflurane alone compared with the control group (P<0.05), but were significantly decreased compared with the isoflurane group following application of IGF-1 (P<0.05). Additionally, isoflurane exposure significantly increased levels of caspase-3 compared with the control group (P<0.05), but decreased levels of Bcl-xL (P<0.05). By contrast, application of IGF-1 reversed these changes. The present study therefore suggests that isoflurane induces liver injury in part by regulating the expression of IGF-1 and that application of IGF-1 may protect against liver injury induced by isoflurane exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxian Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics II, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Juyuan Bu
- Department of General Surgery I, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Wenying Zhou
- Department of Center Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Shaopeng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
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Bhat V, Olenick MB, Schuchardt BJ, Mikles DC, McDonald CB, Farooq A. Molecular determinants of the binding specificity of BH3 ligands to BclXL apoptotic repressor. Biopolymers 2016; 101:573-82. [PMID: 24114183 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma extra-large protein (BclXL) serves as an apoptotic repressor by virtue of its ability to recognize and bind to BH3 domains found within a diverse array of proapoptotic regulators. Herein, we investigate the molecular basis of the specificity of the binding of proapoptotic BH3 ligands to BclXL. Our data reveal that while the BH3 ligands harboring the LXXX[A/S]D and [R/Q]XLXXXGD motif bind to BclXL with high affinity in the submicromolar range, those with the LXXXGD motif afford weak interactions. This suggests that the presence of a glycine at the fourth position (G+4)--relative to the N-terminal leucine (L0) within the LXXXGD motif--mitigates binding, unless the LXXXGD motif also contains arginine/glutamine at the -2 position. Of particular note is the observation that the residues at the +4 and -2 positions within the LXXX[A/S]D and [R/Q]XLXXXGD motifs appear to be energetically coupled-replacement of either [A/S]+4 or [R/Q]-2 with other residues has little bearing on the binding affinity of BH3 ligands harboring one of these motifs. Collectively, our study lends new molecular insights into understanding the binding specificity of BH3 ligands to BclXL with important consequences on the design of novel anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136
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Revisiting trends on mitochondrial mega-channels for the import of proteins and nucleic acids. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2016; 49:75-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-016-9662-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Tavares C, Maciel T, Burin S, Ambrósio L, Ghisla S, Sampaio S, Castro F. l-Amino acid oxidase isolated from Calloselasma rhodostoma snake venom induces cytotoxicity and apoptosis in JAK2V617F-positive cell lines. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2016; 38:128-34. [PMID: 27208571 PMCID: PMC4877619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjhh.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloproliferative neoplasms are Philadelphia chromosome-negative diseases characterized by hyperproliferation of mature myeloid cells, associated or not with the Janus kinase 2 tyrosine kinase mutation, JAK2V617F. As there is no curative therapy, researchers have been investigating new drugs to treat myeloproliferative neoplasms, including l-amino acid oxidase from Calloselasma rhodostoma snake venom (CR-LAAO), which is a toxin capable of eliciting apoptosis in several tumor cell lines. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of l-amino acid oxidase from C. rhodostoma snake venom in the apoptotic machinery of JAK2-mutated cell lines. METHODS The HEL 92.1.7 and SET-2 cell lines were cultured with l-amino acid oxidase and catalase for 12h at 37°C in 5% carbon dioxide. The cell viability was assessed by the multi-table tournament method, the level of apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry, and the expression of cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific proteases and cleaved Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS l-Amino acid oxidase from C. rhodostoma snake venom was cytotoxic to HEL 92.1.7 and SET-2 cells (50% inhibitory concentration=0.15μg/mL and 1.5μg/mL, respectively) and induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Cell treatment with catalase mitigated the l-amino acid oxidase toxicity, indicating that hydrogen peroxide is a key component of its cytotoxic effect.The activated caspases 3 and 8 expression and cleaved PARP in HEL 92.1.7 and SET-2 cells confirmed the apoptosis activation by CR-LAAO. CONCLUSIONS l-Amino acid oxidase from C. rhodostoma snake venom is a potential antineoplastic agent against HEL 92.1.7 and SET-2 JAK2V617F-positive cells as it activates the extrinsic apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Tavares
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís Maciel
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Burin
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Ambrósio
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Suely Sampaio
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Castro
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Colombini M. Ceramide channels and mitochondrial outer membrane permeability. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2016; 49:57-64. [PMID: 26801188 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-016-9646-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Among the permeability pathways in the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM), whose elucidation was pioneered by Kathleen Kinnally, there is one formed by the lipid, ceramide. Electron microscopic visualization shows that ceramide channels are large cylindrical structures of varying pore size, with a most frequent size of 10 nm in diameter, large enough to allow all soluble proteins to translocate between the cytosol and the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Similar results were obtained with electrophysiological measurements. Studies of the dynamics of the channels are consistent with a right cylinder. Ceramide channels form at mole fractions of ceramide that are found in the MOM early in the apoptotic process, before or at the time of protein release from mitochondria. That these channels are good candidates for the protein release pathway is supported by the fact that channel formation is inhibited by anti-apoptotic proteins and favored by Bax. Bcl-xL inhibits ceramide channel formation by binding to the apolar ceramide tails using its hydrophobic grove. Bax interaction with the polar regions of ceramide results in MOM permeabilization through synergy with ceramide. Evidence that ceramide channels actually function to favor apoptosis in vivo is supported by the expression of Bcl-xL containing point mutations in cells induced to undergo apoptosis. The Bcl-xL mutants inhibit differentially Bax and ceramide channels and thus tease apart, to some extent, these two modes of MOM permeabilization. Ceramide channels have the right properties and appropriate regulation to be key players in the induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colombini
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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15
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Teijido O, Ganesan YT, Llanos R, Peton A, Urtecho JB, Soprani A, Villamayor A, Antonsson B, Manon S, Dejean L. A sandwich ELISA for the conformation-specific quantification of the activated form of human Bax. Anal Biochem 2015; 497:90-4. [PMID: 26748144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bcl-2 family proteins are critical regulators of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), which represents the point of no return of apoptotic cell death. The exposure of the Bax N-terminus at the mitochondria reflects Bax activation; and this activated configuration of the Bax protein is associated with MOMP. N-terminal exposure can be detected using specific monoclonal and/or polyclonal antibodies, and the onset of activated Bax has extensively been used as an early marker of apoptosis. The protocols of immunoprecipitation and/or immunocytochemistry commonly used to detect activated Bax are long and tedious, and allow semiquantification of the antigen at best. The sandwich ELISA protocol we developed has a 5 ng/mL detection limit and is highly specific for the activated conformation of Bax. This ELISA allows a rapid quantification of activated human Bax in whole cells and isolated mitochondria protein extracts. These properties grant this assay the potential to further clarify the prognostic and diagnostic value of activated Bax in disorders associated with deregulated apoptotic pathways such as degenerative diseases or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Teijido
- Program in Physical Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Care and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yogesh Tengarai Ganesan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY 10065, USA
| | - Raul Llanos
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA
| | - Ashley Peton
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA
| | | | - Adauri Soprani
- Department of Basic Sciences, New York University, College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Aimee Villamayor
- Department of Basic Sciences, New York University, College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Bruno Antonsson
- Merck Serono S.A. Geneva Research Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphen Manon
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, UMR5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Dejean
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA.
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16
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Zhang H, Xiong Z, Wang J, Zhang S, Lei L, Yang L, Zhang Z. Glucagon-like peptide-1 protects cardiomyocytes from advanced oxidation protein product-induced apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt/Bad signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1593-601. [PMID: 26717963 PMCID: PMC4732836 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is a major event in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Currently, no single effective treatment for diabetic cardiomyopathy exists. The present study investigated whether advanced oxidative protein products (AOPPs) have a detrimental role in the survival of cardiomyocytes and if glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) exerts a cardioprotective effect under these circumstances. The present study also aimed to determine the underlying mechanisms. H9c2 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of AOPPs in the presence or absence of GLP-1, and the viability and apoptotic rate were detected using a cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. In addition, a phosphatidylino-sitol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, LY294002, was employed to illustrate the mechanism of the antiapoptotic effect of GLP-1. The expression levels of the apoptotic-associated proteins, Akt, B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and caspase-3 were measured by western blotting. It was revealed that GLP-1 significantly attenuated AOPP-induced cell toxicity and apoptosis. AOPPs inactivated the phosphorylation of Akt, reduced the phosphorylation of Bad, decreased the expression of Bcl-2, increased the expression of Bax and the activation of caspase-3 in H9c2 cells. GLP-1 reversed the above changes induced by AOPPs and the protective effects of GLP-1 were abolished by the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002. In conclusion, the present data suggested that GLP-1 protected cardiomyocytes against AOPP-induced apoptosis, predominantly via the PI3K/Akt/Bad pathway. These results provided a conceivable mechanism for the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and rendered a novel application of GLP-1 exerting favorable cardiac effects for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Zhouyi Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
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17
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Xiang Q, Zhen Z, Deng DY, Wang J, Chen Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Wang F, Chen N, Chen H, Chen Y. Tivantinib induces G2/M arrest and apoptosis by disrupting tubulin polymerization in hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:118. [PMID: 26458953 PMCID: PMC4603939 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0238-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tivantinib has been described as a highly selective inhibitor of MET and is currently in a phase III clinical trial for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism of tivantinib anti-tumor effect has been questioned by recent studies. RESULTS We show that tivantinib indiscriminately inhibited MET dependent and independent HCC cells proliferation. In contrast, other MET inhibitors, JNJ-38877605 and PHA-665752, just specifically inhibited the growth of MET dependent HCC cells. Tivantinib neither inhibit constitutive MET phosphorylation nor HGF-induced MET phosphorylation in HCC cells. In the microtubule polymerization analysis, tivantinib affected microtubule dynamics by a mechanism as a microtubule depolymerizer. Interesting, unlike other microtubule-targeting agents, paclitaxel and vincristine, tivantinib showed similar anti-proliferative activity in parental and multidrug-resistant cells. Further studies demonstrated that tivantinib induced a G2/M arrest and promoted apoptosis by both intrinsic and extrinsic pathway. The in vivo efficacy evaluation showed that tivantinib exhibited a good anti-tumor growth activity with anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. CONCLUSIONS The potent anti-tumor activity of tivantinib in HCC was achieved by targeting microtubule. Tivantinib treatment for patients with HCC should not be selected based on MET status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Xiang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Zuojun Zhen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - David Yb Deng
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Jingnan Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Jieyuan Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Yingfei Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Fengjie Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Ningning Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Huanwei Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Yajin Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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18
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Wang YJ, Li Q, Xiao HB, Li YJ, Yang Q, Kan XX, Chen Y, Liu XN, Weng XG, Chen X, Cai WY, Guo Y, Huang HF, Zhu XX. Chamaejasmin B exerts anti-MDR effect in vitro and in vivo via initiating mitochondria-dependant intrinsic apoptosis pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:5301-13. [PMID: 26445529 PMCID: PMC4590417 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s89392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the main obstacle limiting the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. Looking for novel anti-MDR agents is an important way to conquer cancer drug resistance. We recently established that chamaejasmin B (CHB), a natural biflavone from Stellera chamaejasme L., is the major active component. However, its anti-MDR activity is still unknown. This study investigated the anti-MDR effect of CHB and the underlying mechanisms. First, it was found that CHB inhibited the growth of both sensitive and resistant cell lines in vitro, and the average resistant factor (RF) of CHB was only 1.26. Furthermore, CHB also displayed favorable anti-MDR activity in KB and KBV200 cancer cells xenograft mice. Subsequent study showed that CHB induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest as well as apoptosis both in KB and in resistant KBV200 cancer cells. Further studies showed that CHB had no influence on the level of Fas/FasL and activation of procaspase 8. However, CHB-induced apoptosis was dependent on the activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3. Moreover, CHB treatment resulted in the elevation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, attenuation of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor from mitochondria into cytoplasm both in KB and KBV200 cells. In conclusion, CHB exhibited good anti-MDR activity in vitro and in vivo, and the underlying mechanisms may be related to the activation of mitochondrial-dependant intrinsic apoptosis pathway. These findings provide a new leading compound for MDR therapy and supply a new evidence for the potential of CHB to be employed in clinical trial of MDR therapy in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Jie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Bin Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Jie Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xi Kan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ni Liu
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology and Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Gang Weng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yan Cai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - He Fei Huang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xin Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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19
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Andrabi SS, Parvez S, Tabassum H. Melatonin and Ischemic Stroke: Mechanistic Roles and Action. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2015; 2015:384750. [PMID: 26435711 PMCID: PMC4575994 DOI: 10.1155/2015/384750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the most devastating neurological disabilities and brain's vulnerability towards it proves to be fatal and socio-economic loss of millions of people worldwide. Ischemic stroke remains at the center stage of it, because of its prevalence amongst the several other types attacking the brain. The various cascades of events that have been associated with stroke involve oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, upregulation of Ca(2+) level, and so forth. Melatonin is a neurohormone secreted by pineal and extra pineal tissues responsible for various physiological processes like sleep and mood behaviour. Melatonin has been implicated in various neurological diseases because of its antioxidative, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. We have previously reviewed the neuroprotective effect of melatonin in various models of brain injury like traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury. In this review, we have put together the various causes and consequence of stroke and protective role of melatonin in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Suhail Andrabi
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Heena Tabassum
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
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20
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Saenz GJ, Hovanessian R, Gisis AD, Medh RD. Glucocorticoid-mediated co-regulation of RCAN1-1, E4BP4 and BIM in human leukemia cells susceptible to apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:1291-6. [PMID: 26102033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are known to induce apoptosis of leukemia cells via gene regulatory changes affecting key pro-and anti-apoptotic genes. Three genes previously implicated in GC-evoked apoptosis in the CEM human T-cell leukemia model, RCAN1, E4BP4 and BIM, were studied in a panel of human lymphoid and myeloid leukemia cell lines. Of the two RCAN1 transcripts, the synthetic GC Dexamethasone (Dex) selectively upregulates RCAN1-1, but not RCAN1-4, in GC-susceptible Sup-B15, RS4;11, Kasumi-1 cells but not in GC-resistant Sup T1 and Loucy cells. E4BP4 and BIM regulation correlated with that of RCAN1-1. A putative GRE and four EBPREs were identified within 1500bp upstream from the transcription start site of RCAN1-1. GC-refractory CEM C1-15 cells sensitized to GC-evoked apoptosis by ectopic E4BP4 expression, CEM C1-15mE#3, showed restored RCAN1-1 upregulation, suggesting that RCAN1-1 is a downstream target of E4BP4. A model for coordinated regulation of RCAN1-1, E4BP4 and BIM, and their role in GC-evoked apoptosis is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jonatan Saenz
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330-8303, USA.
| | - Rebeka Hovanessian
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330-8303, USA.
| | - Andrew D Gisis
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330-8303, USA.
| | - Rheem D Medh
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330-8303, USA.
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21
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Sulaiman MK, Chu Z, Blanco VM, Vallabhapurapu SD, Franco RS, Qi X. SapC-DOPS nanovesicles induce Smac- and Bax-dependent apoptosis through mitochondrial activation in neuroblastomas. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:78. [PMID: 25889084 PMCID: PMC4397704 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High toxicity, morbidity and secondary malignancy render chemotherapy of neuroblastoma inefficient, prompting the search for novel compounds. Nanovesicles offer great promise in imaging and treatment of cancer. SapC-DOPS, a stable nanovesicle formed from the lysosomal protein saposin C and dioleoylphosphatidylserine possess strong affinity for abundantly exposed surface phosphatidylserine on cancer cells. Here, we show that SapC-DOPS effectively targets and suppresses neuroblastoma growth and elucidate the molecular mechanism of SapC-DOPS action in neuroblastoma in vitro. METHODS In vivo targeting of neuroblastoma was assessed in xenograft mice injected intravenously with fluorescently-labeled SapC-DOPS. Xenografted tumors were also used to demonstrate its therapeutic efficacy. Apoptosis induction in vivo was evaluated in tumor sections using the TUNEL assay. The mechanisms underlying the induction of apoptosis by SapC-DOPS were addressed through measurements of cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM), flow cytometric DNA fragmentation assays and by immunoblot analysis of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac), Bax, Cytochrome c (Cyto c) and Caspase-3 in the cytosol or in mitochondrial fractions of cultured neuroblastoma cells. RESULTS SapC-DOPS showed specific targeting and prevented the growth of human neuroblastoma xenografts in mice. In neuroblastoma cells in vitro, apoptosis occurred via a series of steps that included: (1) loss of ΔΨM and increased mitochondrial superoxide formation; (2) cytosolic release of Smac, Cyto c, AIF; and (3) mitochondrial translocation and polymerization of Bax. ShRNA-mediated Smac knockdown and V5 peptide-mediated Bax inhibition decreased cytosolic Smac and Cyto c release along with caspase activation and abrogated apoptosis, indicating that Smac and Bax are critical mediators of SapC-DOPS action. Similarly, pretreatment with the mitochondria-stabilizing agent bongkrekic acid decreased apoptosis indicating that loss of ΔΨM is critical for SapC-DOPS activity. Apoptosis induction was not critically dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and Cyclophilin D, since pretreatment with N-acetyl cysteine and cyclosporine A, respectively, did not prevent Smac or Cyto c release. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results indicate that SapC-DOPS acts through a mitochondria-mediated pathway accompanied by an early release of Smac and Bax. Specific tumor-targeting capacity and anticancer efficacy of SapC-DOPS supports its potential as a dual imaging and therapeutic agent in neuroblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahaboob K Sulaiman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Zhengtao Chu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
- Divison of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Victor M Blanco
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Subrahmanya D Vallabhapurapu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Robert S Franco
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
- Divison of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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22
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Gyulkhandanyan AV, Mutlu A, Freedman J, Leytin V. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP)-dependent and -independent pathways of mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cell shrinkage and microparticle formation during platelet apoptosis. Br J Haematol 2014; 169:142-5. [PMID: 25776535 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armen V Gyulkhandanyan
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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23
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Acrylamide-induced apoptosis in rat primary astrocytes and human astrocytoma cell lines. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:562-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Abstract
The field of mitochondrial ion channels has recently seen substantial progress, including the molecular identification of some of the channels. An integrative approach using genetics, electrophysiology, pharmacology, and cell biology to clarify the roles of these channels has thus become possible. It is by now clear that many of these channels are important for energy supply by the mitochondria and have a major impact on the fate of the entire cell as well. The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of the electrophysiological properties, molecular identity, and pathophysiological functions of the mitochondrial ion channels studied so far and to highlight possible therapeutic perspectives based on current information.
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25
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Bhat V, Olenick MB, Schuchardt BJ, Mikles DC, McDonald CB, Farooq A. Biophysical basis of the promiscuous binding of B-cell lymphoma protein 2 apoptotic repressor to BH3 ligands. J Mol Recognit 2014; 26:501-13. [PMID: 23996493 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl2) apoptotic repressor carries out its function by virtue of its ability to bind to BH3 domains of various pro-apoptotic regulators in a highly promiscuous manner. Herein, we investigate the biophysical basis of such promiscuity of Bcl2 toward its cognate BH3 ligands. Our data show that although the BH3 ligands harboring the LXXXAD motif bind to Bcl2 with submicromolar affinity, those with the LXXX[G/S]D motif afford weak interactions. This implies that the replacement of alanine at the fourth position (A + 4)-relative to the N-terminal leucine (L0) within the LXXXAD motif-to glycine/serine results in the loss of free energy of binding. Consistent with this notion, the A + 4 residue within the BH3 ligands harboring the LXXXAD motif engages in key intermolecular van der Waals contacts with A149 lining the ligand binding groove within Bcl2, whereas A + 4G/S substitution results in the disruption of such favorable binding interactions. Of particular interest is the observation that although increasing ionic strength has little or negligible effect on the binding of high-affinity BH3 ligands harboring the LXXXAD motif, the binding of those with the LXXX[G/S]D motif in general experiences a varying degree of enhancement. This salient observation is indicative of the fact that hydrophobic forces not only play a dominant but also a universal role in driving the Bcl2-BH3 interactions. Taken together, our study sheds light on the molecular basis of the factors governing the promiscuous binding of Bcl2 to pro-apoptotic regulators and thus bears important consequences on the development of rational therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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26
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Mitochondrial ion channels as oncological targets. Oncogene 2014; 33:5569-81. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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27
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Tokar T, Ulicny J. The mathematical model of the Bcl-2 family mediated MOMP regulation can perform a non-trivial pattern recognition. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81861. [PMID: 24386084 PMCID: PMC3873269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between individual members of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins form a regulatory network governing mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). Bcl-2 family initiated MOMP causes release of the inter-membrane pro-apoptotic proteins to cytosol and creates a cytosolic environment suitable for the executionary phase of apoptosis. We designed the mathematical model of this regulatory network where the synthesis rates of the Bcl-2 family members served as the independent inputs. Using computational simulations, we have then analyzed the response of the model to up-/downregulation of the Bcl-2 proteins. Under several assumptions, and using estimated reaction parameters, a non-linear stimulus-response emerged, whose characteristics are associated with bistability and switch-like behavior. Interestingly, using the principal component analysis (PCA) we have shown that the given model of the Bcl-2 family interactions classifies the random combinations of inputs into two distinct classes, and responds to these by one of the two qualitatively distinct outputs. As we showed, the emergence of this behavior requires specific organization of the interactions between particular Bcl-2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Tokar
- Department of Biophysics, University of P. J. Safarik in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Ulicny
- Department of Biophysics, University of P. J. Safarik in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
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28
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Leanza L, Biasutto L, Managò A, Gulbins E, Zoratti M, Szabò I. Intracellular ion channels and cancer. Front Physiol 2013; 4:227. [PMID: 24027528 PMCID: PMC3759743 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Several types of channels play a role in the maintenance of ion homeostasis in subcellular organelles including endoplasmatic reticulum, nucleus, lysosome, endosome, and mitochondria. Here we give a brief overview of the contribution of various mitochondrial and other organellar channels to cancer cell proliferation or death. Much attention is focused on channels involved in intracellular calcium signaling and on ion fluxes in the ATP-producing organelle mitochondria. Mitochondrial K+ channels (Ca2+-dependent BKCa and IKCa, ATP-dependent KATP, Kv1.3, two-pore TWIK-related Acid-Sensitive K+ channel-3 (TASK-3)), Ca2+ uniporter MCU, Mg2+-permeable Mrs2, anion channels (voltage-dependent chloride channel VDAC, intracellular chloride channel CLIC) and the Permeability Transition Pore (MPTP) contribute importantly to the regulation of function in this organelle. Since mitochondria play a central role in apoptosis, modulation of their ion channels by pharmacological means may lead to death of cancer cells. The nuclear potassium channel Kv10.1 and the nuclear chloride channel CLIC4 as well as the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER)-located inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor, the ER-located Ca2+ depletion sensor STIM1 (stromal interaction molecule 1), a component of the store-operated Ca2+ channel and the ER-resident TRPM8 are also mentioned. Furthermore, pharmacological tools affecting organellar channels and modulating cancer cell survival are discussed. The channels described in this review are summarized on Figure 1. Overall, the view is emerging that intracellular ion channels may represent a promising target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padova Padova, Italy
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29
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Dabbagh A, Rajaei S. The role of anesthetic drugs in liver apoptosis. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2013; 13:e13162. [PMID: 24069040 PMCID: PMC3782737 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The modern practice of anesthesia is highly dependent ona group of anesthetic drugs which many of them are metabolized in the liver. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The liver, of course, usually tolerates this burden. However, this is not always an unbroken rule. Anesthetic induced apoptosis has gained great concern during the last years; especially considering the neurologic system. RESULTS However, we have evidence that there is some concern regarding their effects on the liver cells. Fortunately not all the anesthetics are blamed and even some could be used safely, based on the available evidence. CONCLUSIONS Besides, there are some novel agents, yet under research, which could affect the future of anesthetic agents' fate regarding their hepatic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dabbagh
- Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Ali Dabbagh, Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9121972368, Fax: +98-2122074101, E-mail: ,
| | - Samira Rajaei
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Huelsenbeck SC, Roggenkamp D, May M, Huelsenbeck J, Brakebusch C, Rottner K, Ladwein M, Just I, Fritz G, Schmidt G, Genth H. Expression and cytoprotective activity of the small GTPase RhoB induced by the Escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1767-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Tokar T, Turcan Z, Ulicny J. Boolean network-based model of the Bcl-2 family mediated MOMP regulation. Theor Biol Med Model 2013; 10:40. [PMID: 23767791 PMCID: PMC3716804 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4682-10-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) is one of the most important points in the majority of apoptotic signaling cascades and it is controlled by a network of interactions between the members of the Bcl-2 family. Methods To understand the role of individual members of this family within the MOMP regulation, we have constructed a Boolean network-based model of interactions between the Bcl-2 proteins. Results Computational simulations have revealed the existence of trapping states which, independently from the incoming stimuli, block the occurrence of MOMP. Our results emphasize the role of the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1 in the majority of these configurations. We demonstrate here the importance of the Bid and Bim for activation of effectors Bax and Bak, and the irreversibility of this activation. The model further points to the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-w as a key factor preventing Bax activation. Conclusions In spite of relative simplicity, the Boolean network-based model provides useful insight into main functioning logic of the Bcl-2 switch, consistent with experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Tokar
- Department of Biophysics, University of PJ Safarik, Jesenna 5, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
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32
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Bhat V, Olenick MB, Schuchardt BJ, Mikles DC, Deegan BJ, McDonald CB, Seldeen KL, Kurouski D, Faridi MH, Shareef MM, Gupta V, Lednev IK, Farooq A. Heat-induced fibrillation of BclXL apoptotic repressor. Biophys Chem 2013; 179:12-25. [PMID: 23714425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The BclXL apoptotic repressor bears the propensity to associate into megadalton oligomers in solution, particularly under acidic pH. Herein, using various biophysical methods, we analyze the effect of temperature on the oligomerization of BclXL. Our data show that BclXL undergoes irreversible aggregation and assembles into highly-ordered rope-like homogeneous fibrils with length in the order of mm and a diameter in the μm-range under elevated temperatures. Remarkably, the formation of such fibrils correlates with the decay of a largely α-helical fold into a predominantly β-sheet architecture of BclXL in a manner akin to the formation of amyloid fibrils. Further interrogation reveals that while BclXL fibrils formed under elevated temperatures show no observable affinity toward BH3 ligands, they appear to be optimally primed for insertion into cardiolipin bicelles. This salient observation strongly argues that BclXL fibrils likely represent an on-pathway intermediate for insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane during the onset of apoptosis. Collectively, our study sheds light on the propensity of BclXL to form amyloid-like fibrils with important consequences on its mechanism of action in gauging the apoptotic fate of cells in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Suh DH, Kim MK, Kim HS, Chung HH, Song YS. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore as a selective target for anti-cancer therapy. Front Oncol 2013; 3:41. [PMID: 23483560 PMCID: PMC3592197 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) is the ultimate step in dozens of lethal apoptotic signal transduction pathways which converge on mitochondria. One of the representative systems proposed to be responsible for the MOMP is the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). Although the molecular composition of the MPTP is not clearly understood, the MPTP attracts much interest as a promising target for resolving two conundrums regarding cancer treatment: tumor selectivity and resistance to treatment. The regulation of the MPTP is closely related to metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells including mitochondrial alterations. Restoration of deregulated apoptotic machinery in cancer cells by tumor-specific modulation of the MPTP could therefore be a promising anti-cancer strategy. Currently, a number of MPTP-targeting agents are under pre-clinical and clinical studies. Here, we reviewed the structure and regulation of the MPTP as well as the current status of the development of promising MPTP-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong H Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul, South Korea
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34
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Nunes NS, Tognon R, Moura LG, Kashima S, Covas DT, Santana M, Souto EX, Zanichelli MA, Simões BP, Souza AM, Castro FA. Differential expression of apoptomiRs in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 54:2047-51. [PMID: 23394459 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.767453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Fogg VC, Lanning NJ, Mackeigan JP. Mitochondria in cancer: at the crossroads of life and death. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2012; 30:526-39. [PMID: 21801601 PMCID: PMC3336361 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.011.10018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial processes play an important role in tumor initiation and progression. In this review, we focus on three critical processes by which mitochondrial function may contribute to cancer: through alterations in glucose metabolism, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and compromise of intrinsic apoptotic function. Alterations in cancer glucose metabolism include the Warburg effect, leading to a shift in metabolism away from aerobic respiration toward glycolysis, even when sufficient oxygen is present to support respiration. Such alterations in cellular metabolism may favor tumor cell growth by increasing the availability of biosynthetic intermediates needed for cellular growth and proliferation. Mutations in specific metabolic enzymes, namely succinate dehydrogenase, fumarate hydratase and the isocitrate dehydrogenases, have been linked to human cancer. Mitochondrial ROS may contribute to cancer via DNA damage and the activation of aberrant signaling pathways. ROS-dependent stabilization of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) may be a particularly important event for tumorigenesis. Compromised function of intrinsic apoptosis removes an important cellular safeguard against cancer and has been implicated in tumorigenesis, tumor metastasis, and chemoresistance. Each of the major mitochondrial processes is linked. In this review, we outline the connections between them and address ways these mitochondrial pathways may be targeted for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa C Fogg
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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Zhan Y, Sun HL, Chen H, Zhang H, Sun J, Zhang Z, Cai DH. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) protects vascular endothelial cells against advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced apoptosis. Med Sci Monit 2012; 18:BR286-91. [PMID: 22739729 PMCID: PMC3560786 DOI: 10.12659/msm.883207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The peptide glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a hormone secreted by intestinal L cells in response to food intake. GLP-1 has been proposed as the basis of emerging therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the effects of GLP-1 on vascular injury in diabetes have not been identified. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) induce endothelial cell apoptosis and have been implicated in the process of vascular complications from diabetes. Material/Methods The aim of this work was to investigate whether and how GLP-1 protects endothelial cells from apoptosis induced by AGEs. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with AGEs (200 μg/mL) for 48 h in the presence or absence of GLP-1. Cell morphology, viability, apoptosis, ratio of Bcl-2 protein to Bax protein, cytochrome c release, and activity of caspase-9 and −3 were determined. Results Treatment of cells with AGEs led to cell morphology changes and decreased cell viability, resulting in apoptosis. GLP-1 alone increased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. GLP-1 partially inhibited AGEs-induced apoptosis in HUVECs. GLP-1 increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio, reduced cytochrome c levels in the cytoplasm, and reduced the activity of caspase-9 and −3 in AGEs-treated HUVECs. Conclusions AGEs induces apoptosis via the mitochondrion-cytochrome c-caspase protease pathway, and GLP-1 protects endothelial cells by interfering with this mechanism. GLP-1 may represent an anti-apoptotic agent in the treatment of vascular complications arising from diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhan
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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37
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Abstract
Contrary to conventional wisdom, functional mitochondria are essential for the cancer cell. Although mutations in mitochondrial genes are common in cancer cells, they do not inactivate mitochondrial energy metabolism but rather alter the mitochondrial bioenergetic and biosynthetic state. These states communicate with the nucleus through mitochondrial 'retrograde signalling' to modulate signal transduction pathways, transcriptional circuits and chromatin structure to meet the perceived mitochondrial and nuclear requirements of the cancer cell. Cancer cells then reprogramme adjacent stromal cells to optimize the cancer cell environment. These alterations activate out-of-context programmes that are important in development, stress response, wound healing and nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C Wallace
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colombini
- Department of Biology,
University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Bhat V, Kurouski D, Olenick MB, McDonald CB, Mikles DC, Deegan BJ, Seldeen KL, Lednev IK, Farooq A. Acidic pH promotes oligomerization and membrane insertion of the BclXL apoptotic repressor. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 528:32-44. [PMID: 22960132 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Solution pH is believed to serve as an intricate regulatory switch in the induction of apoptosis central to embryonic development and cellular homeostasis. Herein, using an array of biophysical techniques, we provide evidence that acidic pH promotes the assembly of BclXL apoptotic repressor into a megadalton oligomer with a plume-like appearance and harboring structural features characteristic of a molten globule. Strikingly, our data reveal that pH tightly modulates not only oligomerization but also ligand binding and membrane insertion of BclXL in a highly subtle manner. Thus, while oligomerization and the accompanying molten globular content of BclXL is least favorable at pH 6, both of these structural features become more pronounced under acidic and alkaline conditions. However, membrane insertion of BclXL appears to be predominantly favored under acidic conditions. In a remarkable contrast, while ligand binding to BclXL optimally occurs at pH 6, it is diminished by an order of magnitude at lower and higher pH. This reciprocal relationship between BclXL oligomerization and ligand binding lends new insights into how pH modulates functional versatility of a key apoptotic regulator and strongly argues that the molten globule may serve as an intermediate primed for membrane insertion in response to apoptotic cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Gottschalk S, Zwingmann C, Raymond VA, Hohnholt MC, Chan TS, Bilodeau M. Hepatocellular apoptosis in mice is associated with early upregulation of mitochondrial glucose metabolism. Apoptosis 2012; 17:143-53. [PMID: 22109881 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-011-0669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte death due to apoptosis is a hallmark of almost every liver disease. Manipulation of cell death regulatory steps during the apoptotic process is therefore an obvious goal of biomedical research. To clarify whether metabolic changes occur prior to the characteristic apoptotic events, we used ex vivo multinuclear NMR-spectroscopy to study metabolic pathways of [U-(13)C]glucose in mouse liver during Fas-induced apoptosis. We addressed whether these changes could be associated with protection against apoptosis afforded by Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF). Our results show that serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase levels, caspase-3 activity, BID cleavage and changes in cellular energy stores were not observed before 3 h following anti-Fas injection. However, as early as 45 min after anti-Fas treatment, we observed upregulation of carbon entry (i.e. flux) from glucose into the Krebs-cycle via pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and pyruvate carboxylase (PC) (up to 139% and 123% of controls, respectively, P < 0.001). This was associated with increased glutathione synthesis. EGF treatment significantly attenuated Fas-induced apoptosis, liver injury and the late decrease in energy stores, as well as the early fluxes through PDH and PC which were comparable to untreated controls. Using ex vivo multinuclear NMR-spectroscopic analysis, we have shown that Fas receptor activation in mouse liver time-dependently affects specific metabolic pathways of glucose. These early upregulations in glucose metabolic pathways occur prior to any visible signs of apoptosis and may have the potential to contribute to the initiation of apoptosis by maintaining mitochondrial energy production and cellular glutathione stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Gottschalk
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier du l'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Saint-Luc, Montréal, QC, H2X 1P1, Canada.
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Bhat V, McDonald CB, Mikles DC, Deegan BJ, Seldeen KL, Bates ML, Farooq A. Ligand binding and membrane insertion compete with oligomerization of the BclXL apoptotic repressor. J Mol Biol 2011; 416:57-77. [PMID: 22197371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma extra large (BclXL) apoptotic repressor plays a central role in determining the fate of cells to live or die during physiological processes such as embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Herein, using a myriad of biophysical techniques, we provide evidence that ligand binding and membrane insertion compete with oligomerization of BclXL in solution. Of particular importance is the observation that such oligomerization is driven by the intermolecular binding of its C-terminal transmembrane (TM) domain to the canonical hydrophobic groove in a domain-swapped trans fashion, whereby the TM domain of one monomer occupies the canonical hydrophobic groove within the other monomer and vice versa. Binding of BH3 ligands to the canonical hydrophobic groove displaces the TM domain in a competitive manner, allowing BclXL to dissociate into monomers upon hetero-association. Remarkably, spontaneous insertion of BclXL into DMPC/DHPC (1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) bicelles results in a dramatic conformational change such that it can no longer recognize the BH3 ligands in what has come to be known as the "hit-and-run" mechanism. Collectively, our data suggest that oligomerization of a key apoptotic repressor serves as an allosteric switch that fine-tunes its ligand binding and membrane insertion pertinent to the regulation of apoptotic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and USylvester Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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H1, a derivative of Tetrandrine, exerts anti-MDR activity by initiating intrinsic apoptosis pathway and inhibiting the activation of Erk1/2 and Akt1/2. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1593-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Yang S, Wang Z, Farquharson C, Alkasir R, Zahra M, Ren G, Han B. Sodium fluoride induces apoptosis and alters bcl-2 family protein expression in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 410:910-5. [PMID: 21708129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic excessive fluoride intake is known to be toxic and can lead to fluorosis and bone pathologies. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying NaF-induced cytotoxicity in osteoblasts are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of fluoride treatment on MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cell viability, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis and the expression levels of bcl-2 family members: bcl-2 and bax. MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with 10(-5); 5 × 10(-5); 10(-4); 5 × 10(-4) and 10(-3)M NaF for up to 48 h. NaF was found to reduce cell viability in a temporal and concentration dependent manner and promote apoptosis even at low concentrations (10(-5)M). This increased apoptosis was due to alterations in the expression of both pro-apoptotic bax and anti-apoptotic bcl-2. The net result was a decrease in the bcl-2/bax ratio which was found at both the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, we also noted that NaF-induced S-phase arrest during the cell cycle of MC3T3-E1 cells. These data suggest that fluoride-induced osteoblast apoptosis is mediated by direct effects of fluoride on the expression of bcl-2 family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
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Peixoto PM, Dejean LM, Kinnally KW. The therapeutic potential of mitochondrial channels in cancer, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and neurodegeneration. Mitochondrion 2011; 12:14-23. [PMID: 21406252 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria communicate with the rest of the cell through channels located in their inner and outer membranes. Most of the time, the message is encoded by the flow of anions and cations e.g., through VDAC and PTP, respectively. However, proteins are also both imported and exported across the mitochondrial membranes e.g., through TOM and MAC, respectively. Transport through mitochondrial channels is exquisitely regulated and controls a myriad of processes; from energy production to cell death. Here, we examine the role of some of the mitochondrial channels involved in neurodegeneration, ischemia-reperfusion injury and cancer in the context of their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M Peixoto
- New York University, College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, United States
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