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Wallace-Povirk A, O'Connor C, Dekhne AS, Bao X, Nayeen MJ, Schneider M, Katinas JM, Wong-Roushar J, Kim S, Polin L, Li J, Back JB, Dann CE, Gangjee A, Hou Z, Matherly LH. Mitochondrial and Cytosolic One-Carbon Metabolism Is a Targetable Metabolic Vulnerability in Cisplatin-Resistant Ovarian Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:809-822. [PMID: 38377173 PMCID: PMC11150100 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
One-carbon (C1) metabolism is compartmentalized between the cytosol and mitochondria with the mitochondrial C1 pathway as the major source of glycine and C1 units for cellular biosynthesis. Expression of mitochondrial C1 genes including SLC25A32, serine hydroxymethyl transferase (SHMT) 2, 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2, and 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1-like was significantly elevated in primary epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) specimens compared with normal ovaries. 5-Substituted pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine antifolates (AGF347, AGF359, AGF362) inhibited proliferation of cisplatin-sensitive (A2780, CaOV3, IGROV1) and cisplatin-resistant (A2780-E80, SKOV3) EOC cells. In SKOV3 and A2780-E80 cells, colony formation was inhibited. AGF347 induced apoptosis in SKOV3 cells. In IGROV1 cells, AGF347 was transported by folate receptor (FR) α. AGF347 was also transported into IGROV1 and SKOV3 cells by the proton-coupled folate transporter (SLC46A1) and the reduced folate carrier (SLC19A1). AGF347 accumulated to high levels in the cytosol and mitochondria of SKOV3 cells. By targeted metabolomics with [2,3,3-2H]L-serine, AGF347, AGF359, and AGF362 inhibited SHMT2 in the mitochondria. In the cytosol, SHMT1 and de novo purine biosynthesis (i.e., glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase) were targeted; AGF359 also inhibited thymidylate synthase. Antifolate treatments of SKOV3 cells depleted cellular glycine, mitochondrial NADH and glutathione, and showed synergistic in vitro inhibition toward SKOV3 and A2780-E80 cells when combined with cisplatin. In vivo studies with subcutaneous SKOV3 EOC xenografts in SCID mice confirmed significant antitumor efficacy of AGF347. Collectively, our studies demonstrate a unique metabolic vulnerability in EOC involving mitochondrial and cytosolic C1 metabolism, which offers a promising new platform for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianne Wallace-Povirk
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Carrie O'Connor
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Aamod S Dekhne
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Xun Bao
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Md Junayed Nayeen
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mathew Schneider
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jade M Katinas
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | | | - Seongho Kim
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Lisa Polin
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jessica B Back
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Charles E Dann
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhanjun Hou
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Larry H Matherly
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
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2
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Hon-Nami K, Hijikata A, Yura K, Bessho Y. Whole genome analyses for c-type cytochromes associated with respiratory chains in the extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2023; 69:68-78. [PMID: 37394433 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
In thermophilic microorganisms, c-type cytochrome (cyt) proteins mainly function in the respiratory chain as electron carriers. Genome analyses at the beginning of this century revealed a variety of genes harboring the heme c motif. Here, we describe the results of surveying genes with the heme c motif, CxxCH, in a genome database comprising four strains of Thermus thermophilus, including strain HB8, and the confirmation of 19 c-type cytochromes among 27 selected genes. We analyzed the 19 genes, including the expression of four, by a bioinformatics approach to elucidate their individual attributes. One of the approaches included an analysis based on the secondary structure alignment pattern between the heme c motif and the 6th ligand. The predicted structures revealed many cyt c domains with fewer β-strands, such as mitochondrial cyt c, in addition to the β-strand unique to Thermus inserted in cyt c domains, as in T. thermophilus cyt c552 and caa3 cyt c oxidase subunit IIc. The surveyed thermophiles harbor potential proteins with a variety of cyt c folds. The gene analyses led to the development of an index for the classification of cyt c domains. Based on these results, we propose names for T. thermophilus genes harboring the cyt c fold.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsushi Hijikata
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Kei Yura
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University
- Center for Interdisciplinary AI and Data Science, Ochanomizu University
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University
| | - Yoshitaka Bessho
- Center for Interdisciplinary AI and Data Science, Ochanomizu University
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Harima Institute
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Wang Y, Kulkarni VV, Pantaleón García J, Leiva-Juárez MM, Goldblatt DL, Gulraiz F, Vila Ellis L, Chen J, Longmire MK, Donepudi SR, Lorenzi PL, Wang H, Wong LJ, Tuvim MJ, Evans SE. Antimicrobial mitochondrial reactive oxygen species induction by lung epithelial immunometabolic modulation. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011138. [PMID: 37695784 PMCID: PMC10522048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is a worldwide threat, making discovery of novel means to combat lower respiratory tract infection an urgent need. Manipulating the lungs' intrinsic host defenses by therapeutic delivery of certain pathogen-associated molecular patterns protects mice against pneumonia in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent manner. Here we show that antimicrobial ROS are induced from lung epithelial cells by interactions of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) with mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1). The ODN-VDAC1 interaction alters cellular ATP/ADP/AMP localization, increases delivery of electrons to the electron transport chain (ETC), increases mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), differentially modulates ETC complex activities and consequently results in leak of electrons from ETC complex III and superoxide formation. The ODN-induced mitochondrial ROS yield protective antibacterial effects. Together, these studies identify a therapeutic metabolic manipulation strategy to broadly protect against pneumonia without reliance on antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vikram V. Kulkarni
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jezreel Pantaleón García
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Miguel M. Leiva-Juárez
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - David L. Goldblatt
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Fahad Gulraiz
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lisandra Vila Ellis
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael K. Longmire
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sri Ramya Donepudi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Philip L. Lorenzi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hao Wang
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lee-Jun Wong
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Tuvim
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Scott E. Evans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Wang Y, Kulkarni VV, Pantaleón García J, Leiva-Juárez MM, Goldblatt DL, Gulraiz F, Chen J, Donepudi SR, Lorenzi PL, Wang H, Wong LJ, Tuvim MJ, Evans SE. Antimicrobial mitochondrial reactive oxygen species induction by lung epithelial metabolic reprogramming. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.19.524841. [PMID: 36711510 PMCID: PMC9882263 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.19.524841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonia is a worldwide threat, making discovery of novel means to combat lower respiratory tract infections an urgent need. We have previously shown that manipulating the lungs' intrinsic host defenses by therapeutic delivery of a unique dyad of pathogen-associated molecular patterns protects mice against pneumonia in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent manner. Here we show that antimicrobial ROS are induced from lung epithelial cells by interactions of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) with mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) without dependence on Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). The ODN-VDAC1 interaction alters cellular ATP/ADP/AMP localization, increases delivery of electrons to the electron transport chain (ETC), enhances mitochondrial membrane potential (Δ Ψm ), and differentially modulates ETC complex activities. These combined effects promote leak of electrons from ETC complex III, resulting in superoxide formation. The ODN-induced mitochondrial ROS yield protective antibacterial effects. Together, these studies identify a therapeutic metabolic manipulation strategy that has the potential to broadly protect patients against pneumonia during periods of peak vulnerability without reliance on currently available antibiotics. Author Summary Pneumonia is a major cause of death worldwide. Increasing antibiotic resistance and expanding immunocompromised populations continue to enhance the clinical urgency to find new strategies to prevent and treat pneumonia. We have identified a novel inhaled therapeutic that stimulates lung epithelial defenses to protect mice against pneumonia in a manner that depends on production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we report that the induction of protective ROS from lung epithelial mitochondria occurs following the interaction of one component of the treatment, an oligodeoxynucleotide, with the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 1. This interaction alters energy transfer between the mitochondria and the cytosol, resulting in metabolic reprogramming that drives more electrons into the electron transport chain, then causes electrons to leak from the electron transport chain to form protective ROS. While antioxidant therapies are endorsed in many other disease states, we present here an example of therapeutic induction of ROS that is associated with broad protection against pneumonia without reliance on administration of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vikram V. Kulkarni
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jezreel Pantaleón García
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Miguel M. Leiva-Juárez
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David L. Goldblatt
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fahad Gulraiz
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sri Ramya Donepudi
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Philip L. Lorenzi
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lee-Jun Wong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael J. Tuvim
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Scott E. Evans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
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Takeuchi M, Amao Y. Biocatalytic fumarate synthesis from pyruvate and CO 2 as a feedstock. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00039c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The biocatalytic synthesis of fumarate from CO2 and pyruvate vial-malate as an intermediate in an aqueous medium using a biocatalytic system consisting of malate dehydrogenase and fumarase in the presence of NADH is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yutaka Amao
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Research Centre of Artificial Photosynthesis (ReCAP), Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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Architecture of the mycobacterial succinate dehydrogenase with a membrane-embedded Rieske FeS cluster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2022308118. [PMID: 33876763 PMCID: PMC8054011 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022308118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting energy metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis has emerged as a new paradigm in antituberculosis drug discovery. Succinate dehydrogenase is considered the regulator of respiration in M. tuberculosis. Mycobacteria contains two different succinate dehydrogenase enzymes designated Sdh1 and Sdh2. Sdh1 has recently been identified as a new class of succinate dehydrogenase. In this study, we have determined M. smegmatis Sdh1 structures alone and in the presence of ubiquinone-1, revealing that Sdh1 has a novel electron transfer pathway and a unique substrate-binding site. These data show that the structure of M. tuberculosis Sdh1 is significantly different by comparison with the human counterpart making a good antituberculosis drug target. Complex II, also known as succinate dehydrogenase (SQR) or fumarate reductase (QFR), is an enzyme involved in both the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Mycobacterial Sdh1 has recently been identified as a new class of respiratory complex II (type F) but with an unknown electron transfer mechanism. Here, using cryoelectron microscopy, we have determined the structure of Mycobacterium smegmatis Sdh1 in the presence and absence of the substrate, ubiquinone-1, at 2.53-Å and 2.88-Å resolution, respectively. Sdh1 comprises three subunits, two that are water soluble, SdhA and SdhB, and one that is membrane spanning, SdhC. Within these subunits we identified a quinone-binding site and a rarely observed Rieske-type [2Fe-2S] cluster, the latter being embedded in the transmembrane region. A mutant, where two His ligands of the Rieske-type [2Fe-2S] were changed to alanine, abolished the quinone reduction activity of the Sdh1. Our structures allow the proposal of an electron transfer pathway that connects the substrate-binding and quinone-binding sites. Given the unique features of Sdh1 and its essential role in Mycobacteria, these structures will facilitate antituberculosis drug discovery efforts that specifically target this complex.
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Wojtkiewicz AM, Wójcik P, Procner M, Flejszar M, Oszajca M, Hochołowski M, Tataruch M, Mrugała B, Janeczko T, Szaleniec M. The efficient Δ 1-dehydrogenation of a wide spectrum of 3-ketosteroids in a broad pH range by 3-ketosteroid dehydrogenase from Sterolibacterium denitrificans. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 202:105731. [PMID: 32777354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cholest-4-en-3-one Δ1-dehydrogenase (AcmB) from Sterolibacterium denitrificans, a key enzyme of the central degradation pathway of cholesterol, is a protein catalyzing Δ1-dehydrogenation of a wide range of 3-ketosteroids. In this study, we demonstrate the application of AcmB in the synthesis of 1-dehydro-3-ketosteroids and investigate the influence of reaction conditions on the catalytic performance of the enzyme. The recombinant AcmB expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3)Magic exhibits a broad pH optimum and pH stability in the range of 6.5 to 9.0. The activity-based pH optimum of AcmB reaction depends on the type of electron acceptor (2,6-dichloroindophenol - DCPIP, phenazine methosulfate - PMS or potassium hexacyanoferrate - K3[Fe(CN)6]) used in the biocatalytic process yielding the best kinetic properties for the reaction with a DCPIP/PMS mixture (kcat/Km = 1.4·105 s-1·M-1 at pH 9.0) followed by DCPIP (kcat/Km = 1.0·105 s-1·M-1 at pH = 6.5) and K3[Fe(CN)6] (kcat/Km = 0.5·102 s-1·M-1 at pH = 8.0). The unique feature of AcmB is its capability to convert both testosterone derivatives (C20-C22) as well as steroids substituted at C17 (C27-C30) such as cholest-4-en-3-one or (25R)-spirost-4-en-3-one (diosgenone). Apparent steady-state kinetic parameters were determined for both groups of AcmB substrates. In a batch reactor synthesis, the solubility of water-insoluble steroids was facilitated by the addition of a solubilizer, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, and organic co-solvent, 2-methoxyethanol. Catalytic properties characterization of AcmB was tested in fed-batch reactor set-ups, using 0.81 μM of isolated enzyme, PMS and aerobic atmosphere resulting in >99% conversion of the C17-C20 3-ketosteroids within 2 h. Finally, the whole cell E. coli system with recombinant enzyme was demonstrated as an efficient biocatalyst in the synthesis of 1-dehydro-3-ketosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka M Wojtkiewicz
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL30239, Krakow, Poland
| | - Patrycja Wójcik
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL30239, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Procner
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL30239, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Flejszar
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL30239, Krakow, Poland; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, PL35959 Rzeszów, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, PL30387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Oszajca
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, PL30387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Hochołowski
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL30239, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Tataruch
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL30239, Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Mrugała
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL30239, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Janeczko
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, PL50375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maciej Szaleniec
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL30239, Krakow, Poland.
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Melin F, Hellwig P. Redox Properties of the Membrane Proteins from the Respiratory Chain. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10244-10297. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Melin
- Chimie de la Matière Complexe UMR 7140, Laboratoire de Bioelectrochimie et Spectroscopie, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France
| | - Petra Hellwig
- Chimie de la Matière Complexe UMR 7140, Laboratoire de Bioelectrochimie et Spectroscopie, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France
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Dekhne AS, Ning C, Nayeen MJ, Shah K, Kalpage H, Frühauf J, Wallace-Povirk A, O'Connor C, Hou Z, Kim S, Hüttemann M, Gangjee A, Matherly LH. Cellular Pharmacodynamics of a Novel Pyrrolo[3,2- d]pyrimidine Inhibitor Targeting Mitochondrial and Cytosolic One-Carbon Metabolism. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 97:9-22. [PMID: 31707355 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate-dependent one-carbon (C1) metabolism is compartmentalized in the mitochondria and cytosol and is a source of critical metabolites for proliferating tumors. Mitochondrial C1 metabolism including serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) generates glycine for de novo purine nucleotide and glutathione biosynthesis and is an important source of NADPH, ATP, and formate, which affords C1 units as 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate and 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate for nucleotide biosynthesis in the cytosol. We previously discovered novel first-in-class multitargeted pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine inhibitors of SHMT2 and de novo purine biosynthesis at glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase with potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy toward pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. In this report, we extend our findings to an expanded panel of pancreatic cancer models. We used our lead analog AGF347 [(4-(4-(2-amino-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)butyl)-2-fluorobenzoyl)-l-glutamic acid] to characterize pharmacodynamic determinants of antitumor efficacy for this series and demonstrated plasma membrane transport into the cytosol, uptake from cytosol into mitochondria, and metabolism to AGF347 polyglutamates in both cytosol and mitochondria. Antitumor effects of AGF347 downstream of SHMT2 and purine biosynthesis included suppression of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, and glutathione depletion with increased levels of reactive oxygen species. Our results provide important insights into the cellular pharmacology of novel pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine inhibitors as antitumor compounds and establish AGF347 as a unique agent for potential clinical application for pancreatic cancer, as well as other malignancies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study establishes the antitumor efficacies of novel inhibitors of serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 and of cytosolic targets toward a panel of clinically relevant pancreatic cancer cells and demonstrates the important roles of plasma membrane transport, mitochondrial accumulation, and metabolism to polyglutamates of the lead compound AGF347 to drug activity. We also establish that loss of serine catabolism and purine biosynthesis resulting from AGF347 treatment impacts mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, glutathione pools, and reactive oxygen species, contributing to antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamod S Dekhne
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (A.S.D., J.F., A.W.-P., C.O., Z.H., S.K., L.H.M.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.J.N., K.S., A.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (H.K., M.H.) and Department of Pharmacology (L.H.M.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (C.N.); and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (Z.H., S.K., M.H., L.H.M.)
| | - Changwen Ning
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (A.S.D., J.F., A.W.-P., C.O., Z.H., S.K., L.H.M.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.J.N., K.S., A.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (H.K., M.H.) and Department of Pharmacology (L.H.M.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (C.N.); and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (Z.H., S.K., M.H., L.H.M.)
| | - Md Junayed Nayeen
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (A.S.D., J.F., A.W.-P., C.O., Z.H., S.K., L.H.M.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.J.N., K.S., A.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (H.K., M.H.) and Department of Pharmacology (L.H.M.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (C.N.); and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (Z.H., S.K., M.H., L.H.M.)
| | - Khushbu Shah
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (A.S.D., J.F., A.W.-P., C.O., Z.H., S.K., L.H.M.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.J.N., K.S., A.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (H.K., M.H.) and Department of Pharmacology (L.H.M.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (C.N.); and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (Z.H., S.K., M.H., L.H.M.)
| | - Hasini Kalpage
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (A.S.D., J.F., A.W.-P., C.O., Z.H., S.K., L.H.M.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.J.N., K.S., A.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (H.K., M.H.) and Department of Pharmacology (L.H.M.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (C.N.); and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (Z.H., S.K., M.H., L.H.M.)
| | - Josephine Frühauf
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (A.S.D., J.F., A.W.-P., C.O., Z.H., S.K., L.H.M.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.J.N., K.S., A.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (H.K., M.H.) and Department of Pharmacology (L.H.M.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (C.N.); and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (Z.H., S.K., M.H., L.H.M.)
| | - Adrianne Wallace-Povirk
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (A.S.D., J.F., A.W.-P., C.O., Z.H., S.K., L.H.M.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.J.N., K.S., A.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (H.K., M.H.) and Department of Pharmacology (L.H.M.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (C.N.); and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (Z.H., S.K., M.H., L.H.M.)
| | - Carrie O'Connor
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (A.S.D., J.F., A.W.-P., C.O., Z.H., S.K., L.H.M.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.J.N., K.S., A.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (H.K., M.H.) and Department of Pharmacology (L.H.M.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (C.N.); and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (Z.H., S.K., M.H., L.H.M.)
| | - Zhanjun Hou
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (A.S.D., J.F., A.W.-P., C.O., Z.H., S.K., L.H.M.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.J.N., K.S., A.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (H.K., M.H.) and Department of Pharmacology (L.H.M.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (C.N.); and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (Z.H., S.K., M.H., L.H.M.)
| | - Seongho Kim
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (A.S.D., J.F., A.W.-P., C.O., Z.H., S.K., L.H.M.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.J.N., K.S., A.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (H.K., M.H.) and Department of Pharmacology (L.H.M.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (C.N.); and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (Z.H., S.K., M.H., L.H.M.)
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (A.S.D., J.F., A.W.-P., C.O., Z.H., S.K., L.H.M.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.J.N., K.S., A.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (H.K., M.H.) and Department of Pharmacology (L.H.M.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (C.N.); and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (Z.H., S.K., M.H., L.H.M.)
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (A.S.D., J.F., A.W.-P., C.O., Z.H., S.K., L.H.M.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.J.N., K.S., A.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (H.K., M.H.) and Department of Pharmacology (L.H.M.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (C.N.); and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (Z.H., S.K., M.H., L.H.M.)
| | - Larry H Matherly
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (A.S.D., J.F., A.W.-P., C.O., Z.H., S.K., L.H.M.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.J.N., K.S., A.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (H.K., M.H.) and Department of Pharmacology (L.H.M.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (C.N.); and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (Z.H., S.K., M.H., L.H.M.)
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10
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Miller AF, Duan HD, Varner TA, Mohamed Raseek N. Reduction midpoint potentials of bifurcating electron transfer flavoproteins. Methods Enzymol 2019; 620:365-398. [PMID: 31072494 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a variety of enzymes have been found to accept electrons from NAD(P)H yet reduce lower-potential carriers such as ferredoxin and flavodoxin semiquinone, in apparent violation of thermodynamics. The reaction is favorable overall, however, because these enzymes couple the foregoing endergonic one-electron transfer to exergonic transfer of the other electron from each NAD(P)H, in a process called "flavin-based electron bifurcation." The reduction midpoint potentials (E°s) of the multiple flavins in these enzymes are critical to their mechanisms. We describe methods we have found to be useful for measuring each of the E°s of each of the flavins in bifurcating electron transfer flavoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-F Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
| | - H D Duan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - T A Varner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - N Mohamed Raseek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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11
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Refojo PN, Sena FV, Calisto F, Sousa FM, Pereira MM. The plethora of membrane respiratory chains in the phyla of life. Adv Microb Physiol 2019; 74:331-414. [PMID: 31126533 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of microbial cells is reflected in differences in cell size and shape, motility, mechanisms of cell division, pathogenicity or adaptation to different environmental niches. All these variations are achieved by the distinct metabolic strategies adopted by the organisms. The respiratory chains are integral parts of those strategies especially because they perform the most or, at least, most efficient energy conservation in the cell. Respiratory chains are composed of several membrane proteins, which perform a stepwise oxidation of metabolites toward the reduction of terminal electron acceptors. Many of these membrane proteins use the energy released from the oxidoreduction reaction they catalyze to translocate charges across the membrane and thus contribute to the establishment of the membrane potential, i.e. they conserve energy. In this work we illustrate and discuss the composition of the respiratory chains of different taxonomic clades, based on bioinformatic analyses and on biochemical data available in the literature. We explore the diversity of the respiratory chains of Animals, Plants, Fungi and Protists kingdoms as well as of Prokaryotes, including Bacteria and Archaea. The prokaryotic phyla studied in this work are Gammaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Epsilonproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Chlamydiae, Verrucomicrobia, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Deinococcus-Thermus, Aquificae, Thermotogae, Deferribacteres, Nitrospirae, Euryarchaeota, Crenarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia N Refojo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica - António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República EAN, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Filipa V Sena
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica - António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República EAN, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Filipa Calisto
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica - António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República EAN, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Filipe M Sousa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica - António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República EAN, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Manuela M Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica - António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República EAN, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal; University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BIOISI- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisboa, Portugal
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12
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Zazueta C, Buelna-Chontal M, Macías-López A, Román-Anguiano NG, González-Pacheco H, Pavón N, Springall R, Aranda-Frausto A, Bojalil R, Silva-Palacios A, Velázquez-Espejel R, Galvan Arzate S, Correa F. Cytidine-5'-Diphosphocholine Protects the Liver From Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Preserving Mitochondrial Function and Reducing Oxidative Stress. Liver Transpl 2018; 24:1070-1083. [PMID: 29679463 DOI: 10.1002/lt.25179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) participates as an intermediary in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, an essential component of cellular membranes. Citicoline treatment has shown beneficial effects in cerebral ischemia, but its potential to diminish reperfusion damage in liver has not been explored. In this work, we evaluated the hepatoprotective effect of citicoline and its possible association with inflammatory/oxidative stress and mitochondrial function because they are the main cellular features of reperfusion damage. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rat livers was performed with the Pringle's maneuver, clamping the 3 elements of the pedicle (hepatic artery, portal vein, and biliary tract) for 30 minutes and then removing the clamp to allow hepatic reperfusion for 60 minutes. The I/R + citicoline group received the compound before I/R. Liver injury was evaluated by measuring aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase as well as lactic acid levels in serum; proinflammatory cytokines, proresolving lipid mediators, and nuclear factor kappa B content were determined as indicators of the inflammatory response. Antioxidant effects were evaluated by measuring markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant molecules. Oxygen consumption and the activities of the respiratory chain were used to monitor mitochondrial function. CDP-choline reduced aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), as well as lactic acid levels in blood samples from reperfused rats. Diminution in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and increase in the proresolving lipid mediator resolvin D1 were also observed in the I/R+citicoline group, in comparison with the I/R group. Oxidative/nitroxidative stress in hepatic mitochondria concurred with deregulation of oxidative phosphorylation, which was associated with the loss of complex III and complex IV activities. In conclusion, CDP-choline attenuates liver damage caused by ischemia and reperfusion by reducing oxidative stress and maintaining mitochondrial function. Liver Transplantation XX XX-XX 2018 AASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Héctor González-Pacheco
- Unidad de Cuidados Coronarios, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sonia Galvan Arzate
- Departamento de Neuroquimica, Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico City, Mexico
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13
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Eprintsev AT, Fedorin DN, Karabutova LA, Florez O, Puglla M. Isolation and Properties of Succinate Dehydrogenase Isozymes from Maize Scutellum (Zea mays L.). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683818010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Alvarez L, Quintáns NG, Blesa A, Baquedano I, Mencía M, Bricio C, Berenguer J. Hierarchical Control of Nitrite Respiration by Transcription Factors Encoded within Mobile Gene Clusters of Thermus thermophilus. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8120361. [PMID: 29194386 PMCID: PMC5748679 DOI: 10.3390/genes8120361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Denitrification in Thermus thermophilus is encoded by the nitrate respiration conjugative element (NCE) and nitrite and nitric oxide respiration (nic) gene clusters. A tight coordination of each cluster’s expression is required to maximize anaerobic growth, and to avoid toxicity by intermediates, especially nitric oxides (NO). Here, we study the control of the nitrite reductases (Nir) and NO reductases (Nor) upon horizontal acquisition of the NCE and nic clusters by a formerly aerobic host. Expression of the nic promoters PnirS, PnirJ, and PnorC, depends on the oxygen sensor DnrS and on the DnrT protein, both NCE-encoded. NsrR, a nic-encoded transcription factor with an iron–sulfur cluster, is also involved in Nir and Nor control. Deletion of nsrR decreased PnorC and PnirJ transcription, and activated PnirS under denitrification conditions, exhibiting a dual regulatory role never described before for members of the NsrR family. On the basis of these results, a regulatory hierarchy is proposed, in which under anoxia, there is a pre-activation of the nic promoters by DnrS and DnrT, and then NsrR leads to Nor induction and Nir repression, likely as a second stage of regulation that would require NO detection, thus avoiding accumulation of toxic levels of NO. The whole system appears to work in remarkable coordination to function only when the relevant nitrogen species are present inside the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Alvarez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Current Address: Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Nieves G Quintáns
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alba Blesa
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Baquedano
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mario Mencía
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Bricio
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Berenguer
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Lancaster CRD, Betz YM, Heit S, Lafontaine MA. Transmembrane Electron and Proton Transfer in Diheme-Containing Succinate : Quinone Oxidoreductases. Isr J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Roy D. Lancaster
- Department of Structural Biology; Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB); Saarland University; Faculty of Medicine Building 60 D-66421 Homburg (Saar) Germany
| | - Yamila M. Betz
- Department of Structural Biology; Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB); Saarland University; Faculty of Medicine Building 60 D-66421 Homburg (Saar) Germany
| | - Sabine Heit
- Department of Structural Biology; Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB); Saarland University; Faculty of Medicine Building 60 D-66421 Homburg (Saar) Germany
| | - Michael A. Lafontaine
- Department of Structural Biology; Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB); Saarland University; Faculty of Medicine Building 60 D-66421 Homburg (Saar) Germany
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16
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Wolf J, Stark H, Fafenrot K, Albersmeier A, Pham TK, Müller KB, Meyer BH, Hoffmann L, Shen L, Albaum SP, Kouril T, Schmidt-Hohagen K, Neumann-Schaal M, Bräsen C, Kalinowski J, Wright PC, Albers SV, Schomburg D, Siebers B. A systems biology approach reveals major metabolic changes in the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus in response to the carbon source L-fucose versus D-glucose. Mol Microbiol 2016; 102:882-908. [PMID: 27611014 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Archaea are characterised by a complex metabolism with many unique enzymes that differ from their bacterial and eukaryotic counterparts. The thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus is known for its metabolic versatility and is able to utilize a great variety of different carbon sources. However, the underlying degradation pathways and their regulation are often unknown. In this work, the growth on different carbon sources was analysed, using an integrated systems biology approach. The comparison of growth on L-fucose and D-glucose allows first insights into the genome-wide changes in response to the two carbon sources and revealed a new pathway for L-fucose degradation in S. solfataricus. During growth on L-fucose major changes in the central carbon metabolic network, as well as an increased activity of the glyoxylate bypass and the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle were observed. Within the newly discovered pathway for L-fucose degradation the following key reactions were identified: (i) L-fucose oxidation to L-fuconate via a dehydrogenase, (ii) dehydration to 2-keto-3-deoxy-L-fuconate via dehydratase, (iii) 2-keto-3-deoxy-L-fuconate cleavage to pyruvate and L-lactaldehyde via aldolase and (iv) L-lactaldehyde conversion to L-lactate via aldehyde dehydrogenase. This pathway as well as L-fucose transport shows interesting overlaps to the D-arabinose pathway, representing another example for pathway promiscuity in Sulfolobus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Wolf
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - Helge Stark
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - Katharina Fafenrot
- Molecular Enzyme Technology and Biochemistry, Biofilm Centre, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45141, Germany
| | - Andreas Albersmeier
- Center for Biotechnology - CeBiTec, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Trong K Pham
- Departement of Chemical and Biological Engineering, ChELSI Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Katrin B Müller
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - Benjamin H Meyer
- Molecular Biology of Archaea, Institute for Biology II - Microbiology, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Lena Hoffmann
- Molecular Biology of Archaea, Institute for Biology II - Microbiology, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Lu Shen
- Molecular Enzyme Technology and Biochemistry, Biofilm Centre, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45141, Germany
| | - Stefan P Albaum
- Center for Biotechnology - CeBiTec, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Theresa Kouril
- Molecular Enzyme Technology and Biochemistry, Biofilm Centre, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45141, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schmidt-Hohagen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - Meina Neumann-Schaal
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - Christopher Bräsen
- Molecular Enzyme Technology and Biochemistry, Biofilm Centre, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45141, Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Center for Biotechnology - CeBiTec, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Phillip C Wright
- Departement of Chemical and Biological Engineering, ChELSI Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Sonja-Verena Albers
- Molecular Biology of Archaea, Institute for Biology II - Microbiology, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schomburg
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - Bettina Siebers
- Molecular Enzyme Technology and Biochemistry, Biofilm Centre, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45141, Germany
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17
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Zhou Q, Zhang G, Zheng X, Liu G. Biological treatment of high NH4+-N wastewater using an ammonia-tolerant photosynthetic bacteria strain (ISASWR2014). Chin J Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Roche B, Agrebi R, Huguenot A, Ollagnier de Choudens S, Barras F, Py B. Turning Escherichia coli into a Frataxin-Dependent Organism. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005134. [PMID: 25996492 PMCID: PMC4440780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fe-S bound proteins are ubiquitous and contribute to most basic cellular processes. A defect in the ISC components catalyzing Fe-S cluster biogenesis leads to drastic phenotypes in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In this context, the Frataxin protein (FXN) stands out as an exception. In eukaryotes, a defect in FXN results in severe defects in Fe-S cluster biogenesis, and in humans, this is associated with Friedreich's ataxia, a neurodegenerative disease. In contrast, prokaryotes deficient in the FXN homolog CyaY are fully viable, despite the clear involvement of CyaY in ISC-catalyzed Fe-S cluster formation. The molecular basis of the differing importance in the contribution of FXN remains enigmatic. Here, we have demonstrated that a single mutation in the scaffold protein IscU rendered E. coli viability strictly dependent upon a functional CyaY. Remarkably, this mutation changed an Ile residue, conserved in prokaryotes at position 108, into a Met residue, conserved in eukaryotes. We found that in the double mutant IscUIM ΔcyaY, the ISC pathway was completely abolished, becoming equivalent to the ΔiscU deletion strain and recapitulating the drastic phenotype caused by FXN deletion in eukaryotes. Biochemical analyses of the "eukaryotic-like" IscUIM scaffold revealed that it exhibited a reduced capacity to form Fe-S clusters. Finally, bioinformatic studies of prokaryotic IscU proteins allowed us to trace back the source of FXN-dependency as it occurs in present-day eukaryotes. We propose an evolutionary scenario in which the current mitochondrial Isu proteins originated from the IscUIM version present in the ancestor of the Rickettsiae. Subsequent acquisition of SUF, the second Fe-S cluster biogenesis system, in bacteria, was accompanied by diminished contribution of CyaY in prokaryotic Fe-S cluster biogenesis, and increased tolerance to change in the amino acid present at the 108th position of the scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Roche
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, UMR 7283, Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Rym Agrebi
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Allison Huguenot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, UMR 7283, Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | | | - Frédéric Barras
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, UMR 7283, Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Béatrice Py
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, UMR 7283, Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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Roche B, Huguenot A, Barras F, Py B. The iron-binding CyaY and IscX proteins assist the ISC-catalyzed Fe-S biogenesis in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol 2015; 95:605-23. [PMID: 25430730 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, frataxin deficiency (FXN) causes severe phenotypes including loss of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster protein activity, accumulation of mitochondrial iron and leads to the neurodegenerative disease Friedreich's ataxia. In contrast, in prokaryotes, deficiency in the FXN homolog, CyaY, was reported not to cause any significant phenotype, questioning both its importance and its actual contribution to Fe-S cluster biogenesis. Because FXN is conserved between eukaryotes and prokaryotes, this surprising discrepancy prompted us to reinvestigate the role of CyaY in Escherichia coli. We report that CyaY (i) potentiates E. coli fitness, (ii) belongs to the ISC pathway catalyzing the maturation of Fe-S cluster-containing proteins and (iii) requires iron-rich conditions for its contribution to be significant. A genetic interaction was discovered between cyaY and iscX, the last gene of the isc operon. Deletion of both genes showed an additive effect on Fe-S cluster protein maturation, which led, among others, to increased resistance to aminoglycosides and increased sensitivity to lambda phage infection. Together, these in vivo results establish the importance of CyaY as a member of the ISC-mediated Fe-S cluster biogenesis pathway in E. coli, like it does in eukaryotes, and validate IscX as a new bona fide Fe-S cluster biogenesis factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Roche
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, UMR 7283, Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009, Marseille, France
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Melin F, Noor MR, Pardieu E, Boulmedais F, Banhart F, Cecchini G, Soulimane T, Hellwig P. Investigating the thermostability of succinate: quinone oxidoreductase enzymes by direct electrochemistry at SWNTs-modified electrodes and FTIR spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:3572-9. [PMID: 25139263 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Succinate: quinone reductases (SQRs) are the enzymes that couple the oxidation of succinate and the reduction of quinones in the respiratory chain of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Herein, we compare the temperature-dependent activity and structural stability of two SQRs, the first from the mesophilic bacterium Escherichia coli and the second from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus, using a combined electrochemical and infrared spectroscopy approach. Direct electron transfer was achieved with full membrane protein complexes at single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)-modified electrodes. The possible structural factors that contribute to the temperature-dependent activity of the enzymes and, in particular, to the thermostability of the Thermus thermophilus SQR are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Melin
- Laboratoire de Bioélectrochimie et Spectroscopie, Chimie de la Matière Complexe (UMR 7140), Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg (France)
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21
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Methylcitrate cycle defines the bactericidal essentiality of isocitrate lyase for survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on fatty acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:4976-81. [PMID: 24639517 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1400390111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Few mutations attenuate Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) more profoundly than deletion of its isocitrate lyases (ICLs). However, the basis for this attenuation remains incompletely defined. Mtb's ICLs are catalytically bifunctional isocitrate and methylisocitrate lyases required for growth on even and odd chain fatty acids. Here, we report that Mtb's ICLs are essential for survival on both acetate and propionate because of its methylisocitrate lyase (MCL) activity. Lack of MCL activity converts Mtb's methylcitrate cycle into a "dead end" pathway that sequesters tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates into methylcitrate cycle intermediates, depletes gluconeogenic precursors, and results in defects of membrane potential and intrabacterial pH. Activation of an alternative vitamin B12-dependent pathway of propionate metabolism led to selective corrections of TCA cycle activity, membrane potential, and intrabacterial pH that specifically restored survival, but not growth, of ICL-deficient Mtb metabolizing acetate or propionate. These results thus resolve the biochemical basis of essentiality for Mtb's ICLs and survival on fatty acids.
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Abstract
Laboratory-adapted strains of Thermus spp. have been shown to require oxygen for growth, including the model strains T. thermophilus HB27 and HB8. In contrast, many isolates of this species that have not been intensively grown under laboratory conditions keep the capability to grow anaerobically with one or more electron acceptors. The use of nitrogen oxides, especially nitrate, as electron acceptors is one of the most widespread capabilities among these facultative strains. In this process, nitrate is reduced to nitrite by a reductase (Nar) that also functions as electron transporter toward nitrite and nitric oxide reductases when nitrate is scarce, effectively replacing respiratory complex III. In many T. thermophilus denitrificant strains, most electrons for Nar are provided by a new class of NADH dehydrogenase (Nrc). The ability to reduce nitrite to NO and subsequently to N2O by the corresponding Nir and Nor reductases is also strain specific. The genes encoding the capabilities for nitrate (nar) and nitrite (nir and nor) respiration are easily transferred between T. thermophilus strains by natural competence or by a conjugation-like process and may be easily lost upon continuous growth under aerobic conditions. The reason for this instability is apparently related to the fact that these metabolic capabilities are encoded in gene cluster islands, which are delimited by insertion sequences and integrated within highly variable regions of easily transferable extrachromosomal elements. Together with the chromosomal genes, these plasmid-associated genetic islands constitute the extended pangenome of T. thermophilus that provides this species with an enhanced capability to adapt to changing environments.
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Stress fermentation strategies for the production of hyperthermostable superoxide dismutase from Thermus thermophilus HB27: effects of ions. Extremophiles 2013; 17:995-1002. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-013-0581-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ezraty B, Vergnes A, Banzhaf M, Duverger Y, Huguenot A, Brochado AR, Su SY, Espinosa L, Loiseau L, Py B, Typas A, Barras F. Fe-S cluster biosynthesis controls uptake of aminoglycosides in a ROS-less death pathway. Science 2013; 340:1583-7. [PMID: 23812717 DOI: 10.1126/science.1238328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
All bactericidal antibiotics were recently proposed to kill by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, causing destabilization of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters and generating Fenton chemistry. We find that the ROS response is dispensable upon treatment with bactericidal antibiotics. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Fe-S clusters are required for killing only by aminoglycosides. In contrast to cells, using the major Fe-S cluster biosynthesis machinery, ISC, cells using the alternative machinery, SUF, cannot efficiently mature respiratory complexes I and II, resulting in impendence of the proton motive force (PMF), which is required for bactericidal aminoglycoside uptake. Similarly, during iron limitation, cells become intrinsically resistant to aminoglycosides by switching from ISC to SUF and down-regulating both respiratory complexes. We conclude that Fe-S proteins promote aminoglycoside killing by enabling their uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ezraty
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille France
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Lancaster CRD. The di-heme family of respiratory complex II enzymes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1827:679-87. [PMID: 23466335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The di-heme family of succinate:quinone oxidoreductases is of particular interest, because its members support electron transfer across the biological membranes in which they are embedded. In the case of the di-heme-containing succinate:menaquinone reductase (SQR) from Gram-positive bacteria and other menaquinone-containing bacteria, this results in an electrogenic reaction. This is physiologically relevant in that it allows the transmembrane electrochemical proton potential Δp to drive the endergonic oxidation of succinate by menaquinone. In the case of the reverse reaction, menaquinol oxidation by fumarate, catalysed by the di-heme-containing quinol:fumarate reductase (QFR), evidence has been obtained that this electrogenic electron transfer reaction is compensated by proton transfer via a both novel and essential transmembrane proton transfer pathway ("E-pathway"). Although the reduction of fumarate by menaquinol is exergonic, it is obviously not exergonic enough to support the generation of a Δp. This compensatory "E-pathway" appears to be required by all di-heme-containing QFR enzymes and results in the overall reaction being electroneutral. In addition to giving a brief overview of progress in the characterization of other members of this diverse family, this contribution summarizes key evidence and progress in identifying constituents of the "E-pathway" within the framework of the crystal structure of the QFR from the anaerobic epsilon-proteobacterium Wolinella succinogenes at 1.78Å resolution. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Respiratory complex II: Role in cellular physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Roy D Lancaster
- Department of Structural Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
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Atypical features of Thermus thermophilus succinate:quinone reductase. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53559. [PMID: 23308253 PMCID: PMC3538594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Thermus thermophilus succinate:quinone reductase (SQR), serving as the respiratory complex II, has been homologously produced under the control of a constitutive promoter and subsequently purified. The detailed biochemical characterization of the resulting wild type (wt-rcII) and His-tagged (rcII-His8-SdhB and rcII-SdhB-His6) complex II variants showed the same properties as the native enzyme with respect to the subunit composition, redox cofactor content and sensitivity to the inhibitors malonate, oxaloacetate, 3-nitropropionic acid and nonyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide (NQNO). The position of the His-tag determined whether the enzyme retained its native trimeric conformation or whether it was present in a monomeric form. Only the trimer exhibited positive cooperativity at high temperatures. The EPR signal of the [2Fe-2S] cluster was sensitive to the presence of substrate and showed an increased rhombicity in the presence of succinate in the native and in all recombinant forms of the enzyme. The detailed analysis of the shape of this signal as a function of pH, substrate concentration and in the presence of various inhibitors and quinones is presented, leading to a model for the molecular mechanism that underlies the influence of succinate on the rhombicity of the EPR signal of the proximal iron-sulfur cluster.
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Wu P, Zhang G, Li J, Lu H, Zhao W. Effects of Fe2+ concentration on biomass accumulation and energy metabolism in photosynthetic bacteria wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 119:55-59. [PMID: 22728182 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) wastewater treatment has the advantage of biomass recovery in together with pollutant removal. The effects of different Fe(2+) concentrations on the biomass accumulation through regulating energy metabolism were investigated in PSB wastewater treatment. Results showed that the optimal Fe(2+) dosage was 20mg/L. Optimal Fe(2+) content could significantly increase the biomass production (4800.9 mg/L) and COD removal (93.4%). Addition of 10-30 mg/L Fe(2+) could shorten the hydraulic retention time of wastewater. Mechanism analyses revealed that different Fe(2+) concentrations had different impacting mechanisms on biomass accumulation. Fe(2+) constituted the dehydrogenase active center, and therefore proper addition of Fe(2+) could improve energy production by up-regulating dehydrogenase activity, which was beneficial for biomass accumulation. With 20mg/L Fe(2+), the dehydrogenase activity and ATP production of PSB were improved by 48.1% and 42.4%, respectively. However, excessive addition of Fe(2+) was harmful for biomass accumulation since the ions inhibited the dehydrogenase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Kinetic and thermodynamic characterization of the functional properties of a hybrid versatile peroxidase using isothermal titration calorimetry: Insight into manganese peroxidase activation and lignin peroxidase inhibition. Biochimie 2012; 94:1221-31. [PMID: 22586704 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was developed for measuring lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) activities of versatile peroxidase (VP) from Bjerkandera adusta. Developing an ITC approach provided an alternative to colorimetric methods that enabled reaction kinetics to be accurately determined. Although VP from Bjerkandera adjusta is a hybrid enzyme, specific conditions of [Mn+2] and pH were defined that limited activity to either LiP or MnP activities, or enabled both to be active simultaneously. MnP activity was found to be more efficient than LiP activity, with activity increasing with increasing concentrations of Mn+2. These properties of MnP were explained by a second metal binding site involved in homotropic substrate (Mn+2) activation. The activation of MnP was also accompanied by a decrease in both activation energy and substrate (Mn) affinity, reflecting a flexible enzyme structure. In contrast to MnP activity, LiP activity was inhibited by high dye (substrate) concentrations arising from uncompetitive substrate inhibition caused by substrate binding to a site distinct from the catalytic site. Our study provides a new level of understanding about the mechanism of substrate regulation of catalysis in VP from B. adjusta, providing insight into a class of enzyme, hybrid class II peroxidases, for which little experimental data is available.
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