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Ricardez‐Garcia C, Reyes‐Becerril M, Mosqueda‐Martinez E, Mendez‐Romero O, Ruiz‐Ramírez A, Uribe‐Carvajal S. Tissue-specific differences in Ca 2+ sensitivity of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP). Experiments in male rat liver and heart. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16056. [PMID: 38777811 PMCID: PMC11111423 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Permeability transition pore (PTP) opening dissipates ion and electron gradients across the internal mitochondrial membrane (IMM), including excess Ca2+ in the mitochondrial matrix. After opening, immediate PTP closure must follow to prevent outer membrane disruption, loss of cytochrome c, and eventual apoptosis. Flickering, defined as the rapid alternative opening/closing of PTP, has been reported in heart, which undergoes frequent, large variations in Ca2+. In contrast, in tissues that undergo depolarization events less often, such as the liver, PTP would not need to be as dynamic and thus these tissues would not be as resistant to stress. To evaluate this idea, it was decided to follow the reversibility of the permeability transition (PT) in isolated murine mitochondria from two different tissues: the very dynamic heart, and the liver, which suffers depolarizations less frequently. It was observed that in heart mitochondria PT remained reversible for longer periods and at higher Ca2+ loads than in liver mitochondria. In all cases, Ca2+ uptake was inhibited by ruthenium red and PT was delayed by Cyclosporine A. Characterization of this phenomenon included measuring the rate of oxygen consumption, organelle swelling and Ca2+ uptake and retention. Results strongly suggest that there are tissue-specific differences in PTP physiology, as it resists many more Ca2+ additions before opening in a highly active organ such as the heart than in an organ that seldom suffers Ca2+ loading, such as the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ricardez‐Garcia
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología CelularUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad UniversitariaMexico CityMexico
| | - Mauricio Reyes‐Becerril
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología CelularUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad UniversitariaMexico CityMexico
| | - Edson Mosqueda‐Martinez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología CelularUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad UniversitariaMexico CityMexico
| | - Ofelia Mendez‐Romero
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología CelularUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad UniversitariaMexico CityMexico
| | - Angelica Ruiz‐Ramírez
- Departamento de Biomedicina CardiovascularInstituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio ChávezMexico CityMexico
| | - Salvador Uribe‐Carvajal
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología CelularUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad UniversitariaMexico CityMexico
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Mendez-Romero O, Ricardez-García C, Castañeda-Tamez P, Chiquete-Félix N, Uribe-Carvajal S. Thriving in Oxygen While Preventing ROS Overproduction: No Two Systems Are Created Equal. Front Physiol 2022; 13:874321. [PMID: 35444563 PMCID: PMC9013945 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.874321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
From 2.5 to 2.0 billion years ago, atmospheric oxygen concentration [O2] rose thousands of times, leading to the first mass extinction. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) produced by the non-catalyzed partial reduction of O2 were highly toxic eliminating many species. Survivors developed different strategies to cope with ROS toxicity. At the same time, using O2 as the final acceptor in respiratory chains increased ATP production manifold. Thus, both O2 and ROS were strong drivers of evolution, as species optimized aerobic metabolism while developing ROS-neutralizing mechanisms. The first line of defense is preventing ROS overproduction and two mechanisms were developed in parallel: 1) Physiological uncoupling systems (PUS), which increase the rate of electron fluxes in respiratory systems. 2) Avoidance of excess [O2]. However, it seems that as avoidance efficiency improved, PUSs became less efficient. PUS includes branched respiratory chains and proton sinks, which may be proton specific, the mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) or unspecific, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP). High [O2] avoidance also involved different strategies: 1) Cell association, as in biofilms or in multi-cellularity allowed gas-permeable organisms (oxyconformers) from bacterial to arthropods to exclude O2. 2) Motility, to migrate from hypoxic niches. 3) Oxyregulator organisms: as early as in fish, and O2-impermeable epithelium excluded all gases and only exact amounts entered through specialized respiratory systems. Here we follow the parallel evolution of PUS and O2-avoidance, PUS became less critical and lost efficiency. In regard, to proton sinks, there is fewer evidence on their evolution, although UCPs have indeed drifted in function while in some species it is not clear whether PTPs exist.
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Flores-Cotera LB, Chávez-Cabrera C, Martínez-Cárdenas A, Sánchez S, García-Flores OU. Deciphering the mechanism by which the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma responds adaptively to environmental, nutritional, and genetic cues. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:kuab048. [PMID: 34302341 PMCID: PMC8788774 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Phaffia rhodozyma is a basidiomycetous yeast that synthesizes astaxanthin (ASX), which is a powerful and highly valuable antioxidant carotenoid pigment. P. rhodozyma cells accrue ASX and gain an intense red-pink coloration when faced with stressful conditions such as nutrient limitations (e.g., nitrogen or copper), the presence of toxic substances (e.g., antimycin A), or are affected by mutations in the genes that are involved in nitrogen metabolism or respiration. Since cellular accrual of ASX occurs under a wide variety of conditions, this yeast represents a valuable model for studying the growth conditions that entail oxidative stress for yeast cells. Recently, we proposed that ASX synthesis can be largely induced by conditions that lead to reduction-oxidation (redox) imbalances, particularly the state of the NADH/NAD+ couple together with an oxidative environment. In this work, we review the multiple known conditions that elicit ASX synthesis expanding on the data that we formerly examined. When considered alongside the Mitchell's chemiosmotic hypothesis, the study served to rationalize the induction of ASX synthesis and other adaptive cellular processes under a much broader set of conditions. Our aim was to propose an underlying mechanism that explains how a broad range of divergent conditions converge to induce ASX synthesis in P. rhodozyma. The mechanism that links the induction of ASX synthesis with the occurrence of NADH/NAD+ imbalances may help in understanding how other organisms detect any of a broad array of stimuli or gene mutations, and then adaptively respond to activate numerous compensatory cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis B Flores-Cotera
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México city 07360, México
| | - Cipriano Chávez-Cabrera
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México city 07360, México
| | - Anahi Martínez-Cárdenas
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México city 07360, México
| | - Sergio Sánchez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México city 04510, México
| | - Oscar Ulises García-Flores
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México city 07360, México
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Morales-García L, Ricardez-García C, Castañeda-Tamez P, Chiquete-Félix N, Uribe-Carvajal S. Coupling/Uncoupling Reversibility in Isolated Mitochondria from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121307. [PMID: 34947838 PMCID: PMC8707985 DOI: 10.3390/life11121307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae uses fermentation as the preferred pathway to obtain ATP and requires the respiratory chain to re-oxidize the NADH needed for activity of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. This process is favored by uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), which is at least partially controlled by the mitochondrial unspecific pore (ScMUC). When mitochondrial ATP synthesis is needed as in the diauxic phase or during mating, a large rise in Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]) closes ScMUC, coupling OxPhos. In addition, ScMUC opening/closing is mediated by the ATP/ADP ratio, which indicates cellular energy needs. Here, opening and closing of ScMUC was evaluated in isolated mitochondria from S. cerevisiae at different incubation times and in the presence of different ATP/ADP ratios or varying [Ca2+]. Measurements of the rate of O2 consumption, mitochondrial swelling, transmembrane potential and ROS generation were conducted. It was observed that ScMUC opening was reversible, a high ATP/ADP ratio promoted opening and [Ca2+] closed ScMUC even after several minutes of incubation in the open state. In the absence of ATP synthesis, closure of ScMUC resulted in an increase in ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Morales-García
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.M.-G.); (C.R.-G.); (P.C.-T.); (N.C.-F.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Medicine School, UNAM, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Carolina Ricardez-García
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.M.-G.); (C.R.-G.); (P.C.-T.); (N.C.-F.)
| | - Paulina Castañeda-Tamez
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.M.-G.); (C.R.-G.); (P.C.-T.); (N.C.-F.)
| | - Natalia Chiquete-Félix
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.M.-G.); (C.R.-G.); (P.C.-T.); (N.C.-F.)
| | - Salvador Uribe-Carvajal
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.M.-G.); (C.R.-G.); (P.C.-T.); (N.C.-F.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Medicine School, UNAM, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-5555625632
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Lucero RA, Mercedes EP, Thorsten L, Giovanni GC, Michael F, Guadalupe Z, Pablo PJ, Federico M, Oscar FH. Deletion of the natural inhibitory protein Inh1 in Ustilago maydis has no effect on the dimeric state of the F 1F O-ATP synthase but increases the ATPase activity and reduces the stability. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148429. [PMID: 33862003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Transduction of electrochemical proton gradient into ATP synthesis is performed by F1FO-ATP synthase. The reverse reaction is prevented by the regulatory subunit Inh1. Knockout of the inh1 gene in the basidiomycete Ustilago maydis was generated in order to study the function of this protein in the mitochondrial metabolism and cristae architecture. Deletion of inh1 gen did not affect cell growth, glucose consumption, and biomass production. Ultrastructure and fluorescence analyzes showed that size, cristae shape, network, and distribution of mitochondria was similar to wild strain. Membrane potential, ATP synthesis, and oxygen consumption in wild type and mutant strains had similar values. Kinetic analysis of ATPase activity of complex V in permeabilized mitochondria showed similar values of Vmax and KM for both strains, and no effect of pH was observed. Interestingly, the dimeric state of complex V occurs in the mutant strain, indicating that this subunit is not essential for dimerization. ATPase activity of the isolated monomeric and dimeric forms of complex V indicated Vmax values 4-times higher for the mutant strain than for the WT strain, suggesting that the absence of Inh1 subunit increased ATPase activity, and supporting a regulatory role for this protein; however, no effect of pH was observed. ATPase activity of WT oligomers was stimulated several times by dodecyl-maltoside (DDM), probably by removal of ADP from F1 sector, while DDM induced an inactive form of the mutant oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romero-Aguilar Lucero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-159, Coyoacán 04510, México, Mexico
| | - Esparza-Perusquía Mercedes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-159, Coyoacán 04510, México, Mexico
| | - Langner Thorsten
- Institute for Microbiology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Department of Biology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - García-Cruz Giovanni
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-159, Coyoacán 04510, México, Mexico
| | - Feldbrügge Michael
- Institute for Microbiology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Department of Biology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Zavala Guadalupe
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001 Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Pardo Juan Pablo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-159, Coyoacán 04510, México, Mexico
| | - Martínez Federico
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-159, Coyoacán 04510, México, Mexico
| | - Flores-Herrera Oscar
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-159, Coyoacán 04510, México, Mexico.
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da Veiga Moreira J, Jolicoeur M, Schwartz L, Peres S. Fine-tuning mitochondrial activity in Yarrowia lipolytica for citrate overproduction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:878. [PMID: 33441687 PMCID: PMC7807019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica is a non-conventional yeast with promising industrial potentials for lipids and citrate production. It is also widely used for studying mitochondrial respiration due to a respiratory chain like those of mammalian cells. In this study we used a genome-scale model (GEM) of Y. lipolytica metabolism and performed a dynamic Flux Balance Analysis (dFBA) algorithm to analyze and identify metabolic levers associated with citrate optimization. Analysis of fluxes at stationary growth phase showed that carbon flux derived from glucose is rewired to citric acid production and lipid accumulation, whereas the oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) shifted to the alternative respiration mode through alternative oxidase (AOX) protein. Simulations of optimized citrate secretion flux resulted in a pronounced lipid oxidation along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and AOX flux inhibition. Then, we experimentally challenged AOX inhibition by adding n-Propyl Gallate (nPG), a specific AOX inhibitor, on Y. lipolytica batch cultures at stationary phase. Our results showed a twofold overproduction of citrate (20.5 g/L) when nPG is added compared to 10.9 g/L under control condition (no nPG addition). These results suggest that ROS management, especially through AOX activity, has a pivotal role on citrate/lipid flux balance in Y. lipolytica. All taken together, we thus provide for the first time, a key for the understanding of a predominant metabolic mechanism favoring citrate overproduction in Y. lipolytica at the expense of lipids accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorgelindo da Veiga Moreira
- grid.183158.60000 0004 0435 3292Research Laboratory in Applied Metabolic Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Centre-Ville Station, P.O. Box 6079, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Mario Jolicoeur
- grid.183158.60000 0004 0435 3292Research Laboratory in Applied Metabolic Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Centre-Ville Station, P.O. Box 6079, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Laurent Schwartz
- grid.50550.350000 0001 2175 4109Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, 149 avenue Victoria, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Sabine Peres
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282LRI, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France ,grid.503376.4MaIAGE, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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7
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Juergens H, Hakkaart XDV, Bras JE, Vente A, Wu L, Benjamin KR, Pronk JT, Daran-Lapujade P, Mans R. Contribution of Complex I NADH Dehydrogenase to Respiratory Energy Coupling in Glucose-Grown Cultures of Ogataea parapolymorpha. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e00678-20. [PMID: 32471916 PMCID: PMC7376551 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00678-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermotolerant yeast Ogataea parapolymorpha (formerly Hansenula polymorpha) is an industrially relevant production host that exhibits a fully respiratory sugar metabolism in aerobic batch cultures. NADH-derived electrons can enter its mitochondrial respiratory chain either via a proton-translocating complex I NADH-dehydrogenase or via three putative alternative NADH dehydrogenases. This respiratory entry point affects the amount of ATP produced per NADH/O2 consumed and therefore impacts the maximum yield of biomass and/or cellular products from a given amount of substrate. To investigate the physiological importance of complex I, a wild-type O. parapolymorpha strain and a congenic complex I-deficient mutant were grown on glucose in aerobic batch, chemostat, and retentostat cultures in bioreactors. In batch cultures, the two strains exhibited a fully respiratory metabolism and showed the same growth rates and biomass yields, indicating that, under these conditions, the contribution of NADH oxidation via complex I was negligible. Both strains also exhibited a respiratory metabolism in glucose-limited chemostat cultures, but the complex I-deficient mutant showed considerably reduced biomass yields on substrate and oxygen, consistent with a lower efficiency of respiratory energy coupling. In glucose-limited retentostat cultures at specific growth rates down to ∼0.001 h-1, both O. parapolymorpha strains showed high viability. Maintenance energy requirements at these extremely low growth rates were approximately 3-fold lower than estimated from faster-growing chemostat cultures, indicating a stringent-response-like behavior. Quantitative transcriptome and proteome analyses indicated condition-dependent expression patterns of complex I subunits and of alternative NADH dehydrogenases that were consistent with physiological observations.IMPORTANCE Since popular microbial cell factories have typically not been selected for efficient respiratory energy coupling, their ATP yields from sugar catabolism are often suboptimal. In aerobic industrial processes, suboptimal energy coupling results in reduced product yields on sugar, increased process costs for oxygen transfer, and volumetric productivity limitations due to limitations in gas transfer and cooling. This study provides insights into the contribution of mechanisms of respiratory energy coupling in the yeast cell factory Ogataea parapolymorpha under different growth conditions and provides a basis for rational improvement of energy coupling in yeast cell factories. Analysis of energy metabolism of O. parapolymorpha at extremely low specific growth rates indicated that this yeast reduces its energy requirements for cellular maintenance under extreme energy limitation. Exploration of the mechanisms for this increased energetic efficiency may contribute to an optimization of the performance of industrial processes with slow-growing eukaryotic cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Juergens
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Xavier D V Hakkaart
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jildau E Bras
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - André Vente
- DSM Biotechnology Center, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Liang Wu
- DSM Biotechnology Center, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jack T Pronk
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert Mans
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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8
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Ebiloma GU, Balogun EO, Cueto-Díaz EJ, de Koning HP, Dardonville C. Alternative oxidase inhibitors: Mitochondrion-targeting as a strategy for new drugs against pathogenic parasites and fungi. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1553-1602. [PMID: 30693533 DOI: 10.1002/med.21560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The alternative oxidase (AOX) is a ubiquitous terminal oxidase of plants and many fungi, catalyzing the four-electron reduction of oxygen to water alongside the cytochrome-based electron transfer chain. Unlike the classical electron transfer chain, however, the activity of AOX does not generate adenosine triphosphate but has functions such as thermogenesis and stress response. As it lacks a mammalian counterpart, it has been investigated intensely in pathogenic fungi. However, it is in African trypanosomes, which lack cytochrome-based respiration in their infective stages, that trypanosome alternative oxidase (TAO) plays the central and essential role in their energy metabolism. TAO was validated as a drug target decades ago and among the first inhibitors to be identified was salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), which produced the expected trypanocidal effects, especially when potentiated by coadministration with glycerol to inhibit anaerobic energy metabolism as well. However, the efficacy of this combination was too low to be of practical clinical use. The antibiotic ascofuranone (AF) proved a much stronger TAO inhibitor and was able to cure Trypanosoma vivax infections in mice without glycerol and at much lower doses, providing an important proof of concept milestone. Systematic efforts to improve the SHAM and AF scaffolds, aided with the elucidation of the TAO crystal structure, provided detailed structure-activity relationship information and reinvigorated the drug discovery effort. Recently, the coupling of mitochondrion-targeting lipophilic cations to TAO inhibitors has dramatically improved drug targeting and trypanocidal activity while retaining target protein potency. These developments appear to have finally signposted the way to preclinical development of TAO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin U Ebiloma
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emmanuel O Balogun
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.,Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Harry P de Koning
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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9
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Antos-Krzeminska N, Jarmuszkiewicz W. Alternative Type II NAD(P)H Dehydrogenases in the Mitochondria of Protists and Fungi. Protist 2018; 170:21-37. [PMID: 30553126 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants, fungi, and some protists possess a more branched electron transport chain in their mitochondria compared to canonical one. In these organisms, the electron transport chain contains several rotenone-insensitive NAD(P)H dehydrogenases. Some are located on the outer surface, and others are located on the inner surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane. The putative role of these enzymes still remains elusive, but they may prevent the overreduction of the electron transport chain components and decrease the production of reaction oxygen species as a consequence. The last two decades resulted in the discovery of alternative rotenone-insensitive NAD(P)H dehydrogenases present in representatives of fungi and protozoa. The aim of this review is to gather and focus on current information concerning molecular and functional properties, regulation, and the physiological role of fungal and protozoan alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Antos-Krzeminska
- Department of Bioenergetics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Wieslawa Jarmuszkiewicz
- Department of Bioenergetics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
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10
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Larosa V, Remacle C. Insights into the respiratory chain and oxidative stress. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171492. [PMID: 30201689 PMCID: PMC6167499 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive reduced oxygen molecules that result from aerobic metabolism. The common forms are the superoxide anion (O2∙-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and their derived forms, hydroxyl radical (HO∙) and hydroperoxyl radical (HOO∙). Their production sites in mitochondria are reviewed. Even though being highly toxic products, ROS seem important in transducing information from dysfunctional mitochondria. Evidences of signal transduction mediated by ROS in mitochondrial deficiency contexts are then presented in different organisms such as yeast, mammals or photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Larosa
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, UR InBios/Phytosystems, Chemin de la Vallée, 4, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Claire Remacle
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, UR InBios/Phytosystems, Chemin de la Vallée, 4, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
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11
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Hou L, Liu L, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang J, Gao Q, Wang D. Functional analysis of the mitochondrial alternative oxidase gene (aox1) from Aspergillus niger CGMCC 10142 and its effects on citric acid production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:7981-7995. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Alternative mitochondrial respiratory chains from two crustaceans: Artemia franciscana nauplii and the white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2018; 50:143-152. [PMID: 29594796 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-018-9753-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial ATP is synthesized by coupling between the electron transport chain and complex V. In contrast, physiological uncoupling of these processes allows mitochondria to consume oxygen at high rates without ATP synthesis. Such uncoupling mechanisms prevent reactive oxygen species overproduction. One of these mechanisms are the alternative redox enzymes from the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which may help cells to maintain homeostasis under stress independently of ATP synthesis. To date, no reports have been published on alternative redox enzymes in crustaceans mitochondria. Specific inhibitors were used to identify alternative redox enzymes in mitochondria isolated from Artemia franciscana nauplii, and the white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. We report the presence of two alternative redox enzymes in the respiratory chain of A. franciscana nauplii, whose isolated mitochondria used glycerol-3-phosphate as a substrate, suggesting the existence of a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. In addition, cyanide and octyl-gallate were necessary to fully inhibit this species' mitochondrial oxygen consumption, suggesting an alternative oxidase is present. The in-gel activity analysis confirmed that additional mitochondrial redox proteins exist in A. franciscana. A mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase oxidase was identified by protein sequencing as part of a branched respiratory chain, and an alternative oxidase was also identified in this species by western blot. These results indicate different adaptive mechanisms from artemia to face environmental challenges related to the changing levels of oxygen concentration in seawater through their life cycles. No alternative redox enzymes were found in shrimp mitochondria, further efforts will determine the existence of an uncoupling mechanism such as uncoupling proteins.
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Olicón-Hernández DR, Uribe-Alvarez C, Uribe-Carvajal S, Pardo JP, Guerra-Sánchez G. Response of Ustilago maydis against the Stress Caused by Three Polycationic Chitin Derivatives. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22121745. [PMID: 29215563 PMCID: PMC6149792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22121745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a stressing molecule that affects the cells walls and plasma membrane of fungi. For chitosan derivatives, the action mode is not clear. In this work, we used the yeast Ustilago maydis to study the effects of these molecules on the plasma membrane, focusing on physiologic and stress responses to chitosan (CH), oligochitosan (OCH), and glycol-chitosan (GCH). Yeasts were cultured with each of these molecules at 1 mg·mL−1 in minimal medium. To compare plasma membrane damage, cells were cultivated in isosmolar medium. Membrane potential (Δψ) as well as oxidative stress were measured. Changes in the total plasma membrane phospholipid and protein profiles were analyzed using standard methods, and fluorescence-stained mitochondria were observed. High osmolarity did not protect against CH inhibition and neither affected membrane potential. The OCH did produce higher oxidative stress. The effects of these molecules were evidenced by modifications in the plasma membrane protein profile. Also, mitochondrial damage was evident for CH and OCH, while GCH resulted in thicker cells with fewer mitochondria and higher glycogen accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Rafael Olicón-Hernández
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Sto. Tomas, Del, Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Cristina Uribe-Alvarez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Circuito exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Salvador Uribe-Carvajal
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Circuito exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Juan Pablo Pardo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica, Circuito exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Guadalupe Guerra-Sánchez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Sto. Tomas, Del, Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Cárdenas-Monroy CA, Pohlmann T, Piñón-Zárate G, Matus-Ortega G, Guerra G, Feldbrügge M, Pardo JP. The mitochondrial alternative oxidase Aox1 is needed to cope with respiratory stress but dispensable for pathogenic development in Ustilago maydis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173389. [PMID: 28273139 PMCID: PMC5342259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial alternative oxidase is an important enzyme that allows respiratory activity and the functioning of the Krebs cycle upon disturbance of the respiration chain. It works as a security valve in transferring excessive electrons to oxygen, thereby preventing potential damage by the generation of harmful radicals. A clear biological function, besides the stress response, has so far convincingly only been shown for plants that use the alternative oxidase to generate heat to distribute volatiles. In fungi it was described that the alternative oxidase is needed for pathogenicity. Here, we investigate expression and function of the alternative oxidase at different stages of the life cycle of the corn pathogen Ustilago maydis (Aox1). Interestingly, expression of Aox1 is specifically induced during the stationary phase suggesting a role at high cell density when nutrients become limiting. Studying deletion strains as well as overexpressing strains revealed that Aox1 is dispensable for normal growth, for cell morphology, for response to temperature stress as well as for filamentous growth and plant pathogenicity. However, during conditions eliciting respiratory stress yeast-like growth as well as hyphal growth is strongly affected. We conclude that Aox1 is dispensable for the normal biology of the fungus but specifically needed to cope with respiratory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Pohlmann
- Institute for Microbiology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Department of Biology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gabriela Piñón-Zárate
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM. Ciudad de México, México
| | - Genaro Matus-Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM. Ciudad de México, México
| | - Guadalupe Guerra
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Ciudad de México, México
| | - Michael Feldbrügge
- Institute for Microbiology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Department of Biology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Juan Pablo Pardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM. Ciudad de México, México
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Rogov AG, Zvyagilskaya RA. Physiological role of alternative oxidase (from yeasts to plants). BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:400-7. [PMID: 25869356 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915040021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria of all so far studied organisms, with the exception of Archaea, mammals, some yeasts, and protists, contain, along with the classical phosphorylating cytochrome pathway, a so-called cyanide-insensitive alternative oxidase (AOX) localized on the matrix side of the mitochondrial inner membrane, and electron transport through which is not coupled with ATP synthesis and energy accumulation. Mechanisms underlying plentiful functions of AOX in organisms at various levels of organization ranging from yeasts to plants are considered. First and foremost, AOX provides a chance of cell survival after inhibiting the terminal components of the main respiratory chain or losing the ability to synthesize these components. The vitally important role of AOX is obvious in thermogenesis of thermogenic plant organs where it becomes the only terminal oxidase with a very high activity, and the energy of substrate oxidation by this respiratory pathway is converted into heat, thus promoting evaporation of volatile substances attracting pollinating insects. AOX plays a fundamentally significant role in alleviating or preventing oxidative stress, thus ensuring the defense against a wide range of stresses and adverse environmental conditions, such as changes in temperature and light intensities, osmotic stress, drought, and attack by incompatible strains of bacterial pathogens, phytopathogens, or their elicitors. Participation of AOX in pathogen survival during its existence inside the host, in antivirus defense, as well as in metabolic rearrangements in plants during embryogenesis and cell differentiation is described. Examples are given to demonstrate that AOX might be an important tool to overcome the adverse aftereffects of restricted activity of the main respiratory chain in cells and whole animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Rogov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
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Cabrera-Orefice A, Ibarra-García-Padilla R, Maldonado-Guzmán R, Guerrero-Castillo S, Luévano-Martínez LA, Pérez-Vázquez V, Gutiérrez-Aguilar M, Uribe-Carvajal S. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial unselective channel behaves as a physiological uncoupling system regulated by Ca2+, Mg2+, phosphate and ATP. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2015; 47:477-91. [PMID: 26530988 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-015-9632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is proposed that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae the Mitochondrial Unselective Channel ((Sc)MUC) is tightly regulated constituting a physiological uncoupling system that prevents overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mg(2+), Ca(2+) or phosphate (Pi) close (Sc)MUC, while ATP or a high rate of oxygen consumption open it. We assessed (Sc)MUC activity by measuring in isolated mitochondria the respiratory control, transmembrane potential (ΔΨ), swelling and production of ROS. At increasing [Pi], less [Ca(2+)] and/or [Mg(2+)] were needed to close (Sc)MUC or increase ATP synthesis. The Ca(2+)-mediated closure of (Sc)MUC was prevented by high [ATP] while the Mg(2+) or Pi effect was not. When Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) were alternatively added or chelated, (Sc)MUC opened and closed reversibly. Different effects of Ca(2+) vs Mg(2+) effects were probably due to mitochondrial Mg(2+) uptake. Our results suggest that (Sc)MUC activity is dynamically controlled by both the ATP/Pi ratio and divalent cation fluctuations. It is proposed that the reversible opening/closing of (Sc)MUC leads to physiological uncoupling and a consequent decrease in ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Cabrera-Orefice
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Ibarra-García-Padilla
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rocío Maldonado-Guzmán
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Luis A Luévano-Martínez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Salvador Uribe-Carvajal
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico. .,Salvador Uribe-Carvajal, Department of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Apdo. postal 70-242, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Involvement of mitochondrial proteins in calcium signaling and cell death induced by staurosporine in Neurospora crassa. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1064-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Rogov AG, Sukhanova EI, Uralskaya LA, Aliverdieva DA, Zvyagilskaya RA. Alternative oxidase: distribution, induction, properties, structure, regulation, and functions. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 79:1615-34. [PMID: 25749168 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914130112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory chain in the majority of organisms with aerobic type metabolism features the concomitant existence of the phosphorylating cytochrome pathway and the cyanide- and antimycin A-insensitive oxidative route comprising a so-called alternative oxidase (AOX) as a terminal oxidase. In this review, the history of AOX discovery is described. Considerable evidence is presented that AOX occurs widely in organisms at various levels of organization and is not confined to the plant kingdom. This enzyme has not been found only in Archaea, mammals, some yeasts and protists. Bioinformatics research revealed the sequences characteristic of AOX in representatives of various taxonomic groups. Based on multiple alignments of these sequences, a phylogenetic tree was constructed to infer their possible evolution. The ways of AOX activation, as well as regulatory interactions between AOX and the main respiratory chain are described. Data are summarized concerning the properties of AOX and the AOX-encoding genes whose expression is either constitutive or induced by various factors. Information is presented on the structure of AOX, its active center, and the ubiquinone-binding site. The principal functions of AOX are analyzed, including the cases of cell survival, optimization of respiratory metabolism, protection against excess of reactive oxygen species, and adaptation to variable nutrition sources and to biotic and abiotic stress factors. It is emphasized that different AOX functions complement each other in many instances and are not mutually exclusive. Examples are given to demonstrate that AOX is an important tool to overcome the adverse aftereffects of restricted activity of the main respiratory chain in cells and whole animals. This is the first comprehensive review on alternative oxidases of various organisms ranging from yeasts and protists to vascular plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Rogov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
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Rappaport F. A method aimed at assessing the functional consequences of the supramolecular organization of the respiratory electron transfer chain by time-resolved studies. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1241:95-109. [PMID: 25308491 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1875-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
A steadily increasing number of physiological, biochemical, and structural studies have provided a growing support to the notion that the respiratory electron transfer chain may contain supra-molecular edifices made of the assembly of some, if not all, of its individual links. This structure, usually referred to as the solid state model-in comparison to the liquid state model in which the electron transfer reactions between the membrane bound enzymes are diffusion controlled-is seen as conferring specific kinetic properties to the chain and thus as being highly relevant from a functional point of view. Although the assumption that structural changes are mirrored by functional adjustment is undoubtedly legitimate, experimental evidences supporting it remain scarce. Here we review a recent methodological development aimed at tackling the functional relevance of the supramolecular organization of the respiratory electron transfer chain in intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Rappaport
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue P et M Curie, 75005, Paris, France,
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Gonçalves AP, Videira A. Mitochondrial type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenases in fungal cell death. MICROBIAL CELL 2015; 2:68-73. [PMID: 28357279 PMCID: PMC5349180 DOI: 10.15698/mic2015.03.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
During aerobic respiration, cells produce energy through oxidative phosphorylation, which includes a specialized group of multi-subunit complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane known as the electron transport chain. However, this canonical pathway is branched into single polypeptide alternative routes in some fungi, plants, protists and bacteria. They confer metabolic plasticity, allowing cells to adapt to different environmental conditions and stresses. Type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenases (also called alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases) are non-proton pumping enzymes that bypass complex I. Recent evidence points to the involvement of fungal alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases in the process of programmed cell death, in addition to their action as overflow systems upon oxidative stress. Consistent with this, alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases are phylogenetically related to cell death - promoting proteins of the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF)-family.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pedro Gonçalves
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. ; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal. ; Current address: Plant and Microbial Biology Department, The University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Arnaldo Videira
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. ; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal. ; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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Oxidative phosphorylation in Debaryomyces hansenii: physiological uncoupling at different growth phases. Biochimie 2014; 102:124-36. [PMID: 24657599 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Physiological uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) was studied in Debaryomyces hansenii. In other species, such as Yarrowia lipolytica and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, OxPhos can be uncoupled through differential expression of branched respiratory chain enzymes or by opening of a mitochondrial unspecific channel (ScMUC), respectively. However D. hansenii mitochondria, which contain both a branched respiratory chain and a mitochondrial unspecific channel (DhMUC), selectively uncouple complex I-dependent rate of oxygen consumption in the stationary growth phase. The uncoupled complex I-dependent respiration was only 20% of the original activity. Inhibition was not due to inactivation of complex I, lack of protein expression or to differential expression of alternative oxidoreductases. Furthermore, all other respiratory chain activities were normal. Decrease of complex I-dependent respiration was due to NAD(+) loss from the matrix, probably through an open of DhMUC. When NAD(+) was added back, coupled complex I-activity was recovered. NAD(+) re-uptake was independent of DhMUC opening and seemed to be catalyzed by a NAD(+)-specific transporter, which was sensitive to bathophenanthroline, bromocresol purple or pyridoxal-5'-phosphate as described for S. cerevisiae mitochondrial NAD(+) transporters. Loss of NAD(+) from the matrix through an open MUC is proposed as an additional mechanism to uncouple OxPhos.
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Cabrera-Orefice A, Chiquete-Félix N, Espinasa-Jaramillo J, Rosas-Lemus M, Guerrero-Castillo S, Peña A, Uribe-Carvajal S. The branched mitochondrial respiratory chain from Debaryomyces hansenii: Components and supramolecular organization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:73-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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