1
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Wilson S, Clarke CD, Carbajal MA, Buccafusca R, Fleck RA, Daskalakis V, Ruban AV. Hydrophobic Mismatch in the Thylakoid Membrane Regulates Photosynthetic Light Harvesting. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14905-14914. [PMID: 38759103 PMCID: PMC11140739 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The ability to harvest light effectively in a changing environment is necessary to ensure efficient photosynthesis and crop growth. One mechanism, known as qE, protects photosystem II (PSII) and regulates electron transfer through the harmless dissipation of excess absorbed photons as heat. This process involves reversible clustering of the major light-harvesting complexes of PSII (LHCII) in the thylakoid membrane and relies upon the ΔpH gradient and the allosteric modulator protein PsbS. To date, the exact role of PsbS in the qE mechanism has remained elusive. Here, we show that PsbS induces hydrophobic mismatch in the thylakoid membrane through dynamic rearrangement of lipids around LHCII leading to observed membrane thinning. We found that upon illumination, the thylakoid membrane reversibly shrinks from around 4.3 to 3.2 nm, without PsbS, this response is eliminated. Furthermore, we show that the lipid digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) is repelled from the LHCII-PsbS complex due to an increase in both the pKa of lumenal residues and in the dipole moment of LHCII, which allows for further conformational change and clustering in the membrane. Our results suggest a mechanistic role for PsbS as a facilitator of a hydrophobic mismatch-mediated phase transition between LHCII-PsbS and its environment. This could act as the driving force to sort LHCII into photoprotective nanodomains in the thylakoid membrane. This work shows an example of the key role of the hydrophobic mismatch process in regulating membrane protein function in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Wilson
- Department
of Biochemistry, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Charlea D. Clarke
- Department
of Biochemistry, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - M. Alejandra Carbajal
- Centre
for Ultrastructural Imaging, King’s
College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Buccafusca
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Roland A. Fleck
- Centre
for Ultrastructural Imaging, King’s
College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Vangelis Daskalakis
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Alexander V. Ruban
- Department
of Biochemistry, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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2
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Elias E, Brache K, Schäfers J, Croce R. Coloring Outside the Lines: Exploiting Pigment-Protein Synergy for Far-Red Absorption in Plant Light-Harvesting Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3508-3520. [PMID: 38286009 PMCID: PMC10859958 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Plants are designed to utilize visible light for photosynthesis. Expanding this light absorption toward the far-red could boost growth in low-light conditions and potentially increase crop productivity in dense canopies. A promising strategy is broadening the absorption of antenna complexes to the far-red. In this study, we investigated the capacity of the photosystem I antenna protein Lhca4 to incorporate far-red absorbing chlorophylls d and f and optimize their spectra. We demonstrate that these pigments can successfully bind to Lhca4, with the protein environment further red-shifting the chlorophyll d absorption, markedly extending the absorption range of this complex above 750 nm. Notably, chlorophyll d substitutes the canonical chlorophyll a red-forms, resulting in the most red-shifted emission observed in a plant light-harvesting complex. Using ultrafast spectroscopy, we show that the introduction of these novel chlorophylls does not interfere with the excited state decay or the energy equilibration processes within the complex. The results demonstrate the feasibility of engineering plant antennae to absorb deeper into the far-red region while preserving their functional and structural integrity, paving the way for innovative strategies to enhance photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Elias
- Department of Physics and
Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty
of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katrin Brache
- Department of Physics and
Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty
of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Schäfers
- Department of Physics and
Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty
of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and
Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty
of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Krupnik T. Factors affecting light harvesting in the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 336:111854. [PMID: 37659734 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
The phycobilisome antennas, which contain phycobilin pigments instead of chlorophyll, are crucial for the photosynthetic activity of Cyanidioschyzon merolae cells, which thrive in an acidic and hot water environment. The accessible light intensity and quality, temperature, acidity, and other factors in this environment are quite different from those in the air available for terrestrial plants. Under these conditions, adaptation to the intensity and quality of light, as well as temperature, which are key factors in photosynthesis of higher plants, also affects this process in Cyanidioschyzon merolae cells. Adaptation to varying light conditions requires fast remodeling and re-tuning of their light-harvesting antennas (phycobilisomes) at multiple levels, from regulation of gene expression to structural reorganization of protein-pigment complexes. This review presents selected data on the structure of phycobilisomes, the genetic engineering of the constituent proteins, and the latest results and opinions on the adaptation of phycobilisomes to light intensity and quality, and temperature to photosynthetic activities. We pay special attention to the latest results of the C. merolae research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Krupnik
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw 02096, Poland.
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4
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Mass OA, Watt DR, Patten LK, Pensack RD, Lee J, Turner DB, Yurke B, Knowlton WB. Exciton delocalization in a fully synthetic DNA-templated bacteriochlorin dimer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28437-28451. [PMID: 37843877 PMCID: PMC10599410 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01634j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
A bacteriochlorophyll a (Bchla) dimer is a basic functional unit in the LH1 and LH2 photosynthetic pigment-protein antenna complexes of purple bacteria, where an ordered, close arrangement of Bchla pigments-secured by noncovalent bonding to a protein template-enables exciton delocalization at room temperature. Stable and tunable synthetic analogs of this key photosynthetic subunit could lead to facile engineering of exciton-based systems such as in artificial photosynthesis, organic optoelectronics, and molecular quantum computing. Here, using a combination of synthesis and theory, we demonstrate that exciton delocalization can be achieved in a dimer of a synthetic bacteriochlorin (BC) featuring stability, high structural modularity, and spectral properties advantageous for exciton-based devices. The BC dimer was covalently templated by DNA, a stable and highly programmable scaffold. To achieve exciton delocalization in the absence of pigment-protein interactions critical for the Bchla dimer, we relied on the strong transition dipole moment in BC enabled by two auxochromes along the Qy transition, and omitting the central metal and isocyclic ring. The spectral properties of the synthetic "free" BC closely resembled those of Bchla in an organic solvent. Applying spectroscopic modeling, the exciton delocalization in the DNA-templated BC dimer was evaluated by extracting the excitonic hopping parameter, J to be 214 cm-1 (26.6 meV). For comparison, the same method applied to the natural protein-templated Bchla dimer yielded J of 286 cm-1 (35.5 meV). The smaller value of J in the BC dimer likely arose from the partial bacteriochlorin intercalation and the difference in medium effect between DNA and protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Mass
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA.
| | - Devan R Watt
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA.
| | - Lance K Patten
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA.
| | - Ryan D Pensack
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA.
| | - Jeunghoon Lee
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - Daniel B Turner
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA.
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA.
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - William B Knowlton
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA.
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
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5
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Sláma V, Cupellini L, Mascoli V, Liguori N, Croce R, Mennucci B. Origin of Low-Lying Red States in the Lhca4 Light-Harvesting Complex of Photosystem I. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8345-8352. [PMID: 37702053 PMCID: PMC10518868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The antenna complexes of Photosystem I present low-lying states visible as red-shifted and broadened absorption and fluorescence bands. Among these, Lhca4 has the most evident features of these "red" states, with a fluorescence band shifted by more than 25 nm from typical LHC emission. This signal arises from a mixing of exciton and charge-transfer (CT) states within the excitonically coupled a603-a609 chlorophyll (Chl) dimer. Here we combine molecular dynamics, multiscale quantum chemical calculations, and spectral simulations to uncover the molecular mechanism for the formation and tuning of exciton-CT interactions in Lhca4. We show that the coupling between exciton and CT states is extremely sensitive to tiny variations in the Chl dimer arrangement, explaining both the red-shifted bands and the switch between conformations with blue and red emission observed in single-molecule spectroscopy. Finally, we show that mutating the axial ligand of a603 diminishes the exciton-CT coupling, removing any red-state fingerprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Sláma
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cupellini
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mascoli
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1082 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicoletta Liguori
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1082 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1082 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Benedetta Mennucci
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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6
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Novoderezhkin VI, Croce R. The location of the low-energy states in Lhca1 favors excitation energy transfer to the core in the plant PSI-LHCI supercomplex. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 156:59-74. [PMID: 36374368 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00979-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lhca1 is one of the four pigment-protein complexes composing the outer antenna of plant Photosystem I-light-havesting I supercomplex (PSI-LHCI). It forms a functional dimer with Lhca4 but, differently from this complex, it does not contain 'red-forms,' i.e., pigments absorbing above 700 nm. Interestingly, the recent PSI-LHCI structures suggest that Lhca1 is the main point of delivering the energy harvested by the antenna to the core. To identify the excitation energy pathways in Lhca1, we developed a structure-based exciton model based on the simultaneous fit of the low-temperature absorption, linear dichroism, and fluorescence spectra of wild-type Lhca1 and two mutants, lacking chlorophylls contributing to the long-wavelength region of the absorption. The model enables us to define the locations of the lowest energy pigments in Lhca1 and estimate pathways and timescales of energy transfer within the complex and to the PSI core. We found that Lhca1 has a particular energy landscape with an unusual (compared to Lhca4, LHCII, and CP29) configuration of the low-energy states. Remarkably, these states are located near the core, facilitating direct energy transfer to it. Moreover, the low-energy states of Lhca1 are also coupled to the red-most state (red forms) of the neighboring Lhca4 antenna, providing a pathway for effective excitation energy transfer from Lhca4 to the core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Novoderezhkin
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119992, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Rong Y, Liao L, Li S, Wei W, Bi X, Sun G, He S, Wang Z. Comparative Transcriptomic and Physiological Analyses Reveal Key Factors for Interstocks to Improve Grafted Seedling Growth in Tangor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076533. [PMID: 37047507 PMCID: PMC10095262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstock is an important agronomic technique for regulating plant growth and fruit quality, and overcoming the incompatibility between rootstocks and scions; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, the effects and regulatory mechanisms of tangor grafting, with and without interstocks, on the growth and development of scions were analyzed by combining morphology, physiology, anatomy and transcriptomics. Morphological and physiological analyses showed that interstocks (‘Aiyuan 38’ and ‘Daya’) significantly improved the growth of seedlings, effectively enhanced the foliar accumulation of chlorophyll and carotenoids, and increased the thickness of leaf tissues. Using ‘Aiyuan 38’ as the interstock, photosynthetic efficiency and starch content of citrus seedlings improved. Transcriptomics showed that genes related to photosynthesis and photosynthetic antenna proteins were upregulated in interstock-treated seedlings, with significant upregulation of photosystem PSI- and PSII-related genes. In addition, multiple key genes may be involved in plant hormone signaling, starch and sucrose metabolism, and transcriptional regulation. Taken together, these findings provide novel insights into the role of interstocks in regulating and contributing to the growth and development of grafted seedlings, and will further define and deploy candidate genes to explore the mechanisms of rootstock-interstock-scion interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Rong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ling Liao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sichen Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wen Wei
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoyi Bi
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guochao Sun
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Siya He
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-028-8629-1848
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8
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Li X, Zhu L, Song J, Wang W, Kuang T, Yang G, Hao C, Qin X. LHCA4 residues surrounding red chlorophylls allow for fine-tuning of the spectral region for photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1118189. [PMID: 36733594 PMCID: PMC9887303 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1118189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Improving far-red light utilization could be an approach to increasing crop production under suboptimal conditions. In land plants, only a small part of far-red light can be used for photosynthesis, which is captured by the antenna proteins LHCAs of photosystem I (PSI) through the chlorophyll (Chl) pair a603 and a609. However, it is unknown how the energy level of Chls a603-a609 is fine-tuned by the local protein environment in vivo. In this study, we investigated how changing the amino acid ligand for Chl a603 in LHCA4, the most red-shifted LHCA in Arabidopsis thaliana, or one amino acid near Chl a609, affected the energy level of the resulting PSI-LHCI complexes in situ and in vitro. Substitutions of the Chl a603 ligand N99 caused a blue shift in fluorescence emission, whereas the E146Q substitution near Chl a609 expanded the emission range to the red. Purified PSI-LHCI complexes with N99 substitutions exhibited the same fluorescence emission maxima as their respective transgenic lines, while the extent of red shift in purified PSI-LHCI with the E146Q substitution was weaker than in the corresponding transgenic lines. We propose that substituting amino acids surrounding red Chls can tune their energy level higher or lower in vivo, while shifting the absorption spectrum more to the red could prove more difficult than shifting to the blue end of the spectrum. Here, we report the first in vivo exploration of changing the local protein environment on the energy level of the red Chls, providing new clues for engineering red/blue-shifted crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Jince Song
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gongxian Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Chenyang Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaochun Qin
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
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9
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Elvers I, Nguyen-Phan TC, Gardiner AT, Hunter CN, Cogdell RJ, Köhler J. Phasor Analysis Reveals Multicomponent Fluorescence Kinetics in the LH2 Complex from Marichromatium purpuratum. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:10335-10346. [PMID: 36449272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the fluorescence kinetics of LH2 complexes from Marichromatium purpuratum, the cryo-EM structure of which has been recently elucidated with 2.4 Å resolution. The experiments have been carried out as a function of the excitation density by varying both the excitation fluence and the repetition rate of the laser excitation. Instead of the usual multiexponential fitting procedure, we applied the less common phasor formalism for evaluating the transients because this allows for a model-free analysis of the data without a priori knowledge about the number of processes that contribute to a particular decay. For the various excitation conditions, this analysis reproduces consistently three lifetime components with decay times below 100 ps, 500 ps, and 730 ps, which were associated with the quenched state, singlet-triplet annihilation, and fluorescence decay, respectively. Moreover, it reveals that the number of decay components that contribute to the transients depends on whether the excitation wavelength is in resonance with the B800 BChl a molecules or with the carotenoids. Based on the mutual arrangement of the chromophores in their binding pockets, this leads us to conclude that the energy transfer pathways within the LH2 complex of this species differ significantly from each other for exciting either the B800 BChl molecules or the carotenoids. Finally, we speculate whether the illumination with strong laser light converts the LH2 complexes studied here into a quenched conformation that might be related to the development of the non-photochemical quenching mechanism that occurs in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Elvers
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tu C Nguyen-Phan
- School of Infection and Immunity, Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8TA, U.K
| | - Alastair T Gardiner
- Laboratory of Anoxygenic Phototrophs, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - C Neil Hunter
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Richard J Cogdell
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Jürgen Köhler
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany.,Bayreuth Institute for Macromolecular Research (BIMF), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany.,Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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10
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Gerle C, Kishikawa JI, Yamaguchi T, Nakanishi A, Çoruh O, Makino F, Miyata T, Kawamoto A, Yokoyama K, Namba K, Kurisu G, Kato T. Structures of Multisubunit Membrane Complexes With the CRYO ARM 200. Microscopy (Oxf) 2022; 71:249-261. [PMID: 35861182 PMCID: PMC9535789 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in structural membrane biology has been significantly accelerated by the ongoing ‘Resolution Revolution’ in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). In particular, structure determination by single-particle analysis has evolved into the most powerful method for atomic model building of multisubunit membrane protein complexes. This has created an ever-increasing demand in cryo-EM machine time, which to satisfy is in need of new and affordable cryo-electron microscopes. Here, we review our experience in using the JEOL CRYO ARM 200 prototype for the structure determination by single-particle analysis of three different multisubunit membrane complexes: the Thermus thermophilus V-type ATPase VO complex, the Thermosynechococcus elongatus photosystem I monomer and the flagellar motor lipopolysaccharide peptidoglycan ring (LP ring) from Salmonella enterica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gerle
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamada Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Life Science Research Infrastructure Group, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kishikawa
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamada Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nakanishi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka, University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Orkun Çoruh
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamada Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, 3400 Austria
| | - Fumiaki Makino
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Miyata
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kawamoto
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamada Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken Yokoyama
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiichi Namba
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,JEOL YOKOGUSHI Research Alliance Laboratories, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Genji Kurisu
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamada Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kato
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamada Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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11
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Brotosudarmo THP, Wittmann B, Seki S, Fujii R, Köhler J. Wavelength-Dependent Optical Response of Single Photosynthetic Antenna Complexes from Siphonous Green Alga Codium fragile. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5226-5231. [PMID: 35670598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The siphonaxanthin-siphonein-Chl-a/b-protein (SCP) complex from the siphonous green alga Codium fragile is the major light-harvesting complex (LHC) of these alga and is highly homologous to that of green plants (trimeric pigment-protein complex, LHCII). Interestingly, we find remarkable differences in the spectral response from individual SCP complexes when excited at 561 and 639 nm. While excitation in the green spectral range reproduces the common LHCII-like emission features for most of the complexes, excitation in the red spectral range yields a red-shifted emission and a significant reduction of the fluorescence decay time. We hypothesize that the difference in spectral response of SCP to light in the green and red spectral ranges can be associated with the adaption of the algae to their natural habitat under water, where sudden intensity changes are diminished, and excess light features a red-enhanced spectrum that comes at tidal timings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatas Hardo Panintingjati Brotosudarmo
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Department of Food Technology, Universitas Ciputra, Citraland CBD Boulevard, Surabaya 60219, Indonesia
| | - Bernd Wittmann
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Soichiro Seki
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Fujii
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Jürgen Köhler
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuther Institut für Makromolekülforschung (BIMF), 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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12
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Preprocess dependence of optical properties of ensembles and single siphonaxanthin-containing major antenna from the marine green alga Codium fragile. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8461. [PMID: 35589761 PMCID: PMC9120457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The siphonaxanthin-siphonein-Chl-a/b-protein (SCP) is the light-harvesting complex of the marine alga Codium fragile. Its structure resembles that of the major light-harvesting complexes of higher plants, LHC II, yet it features a reversed Chl a:Chl b ratio and it accommodates other variants of carotenoids. We have recorded the fluorescence emission spectra and fluorescence lifetimes from ensembles and single SCP complexes for three different scenarios of handling the samples. While the data obtained from ensembles of SCP complexes yield equivalent results, those obtained from single SCP complexes featured significant differences as a function of the sample history. We ascribe this discrepancy to the different excitation intensities that have been used for ensemble and single complex spectroscopy, and conclude that the SCP complexes undergo an aging process during storage. This process is manifested as a lowering of energetic barriers within the protein, enabling thermal activation of conformational changes at room temperature. This in turn leads to the preferential population of a red-shifted state that features a significant decrease of the fluorescence lifetime.
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13
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Ruban A, Saccon F. Chlorophyll a De-Excitation Pathways in the LHCII antenna. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:070902. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0073825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ruban
- SBBS, Queen Mary University of London - Mile End Campus, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Saccon
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London - Mile End Campus, United Kingdom
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14
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Lu G, Pan YB, Wang Z, Xu F, Cheng W, Huang X, Ren H, Pang C, Que Y, Xu L. Utilization of a Sugarcane100K Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Microarray-Derived High-Density Genetic Map in Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping and Function Role Prediction of Genes Related to Chlorophyll Content in Sugarcane. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:817875. [PMID: 35027918 PMCID: PMC8750863 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.817875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll is the most important pigment for plant photosynthesis that plays an important role in crop growth and production. In this study, the chlorophyll content trait was explored to improve sugarcane yield. Two hundred and eighty-five F1 progenies from the cross YT93-159 × ROC22 with significantly different chlorophyll contents were included as test materials. The chlorophyll content of the +1 leaves during elongation phase was measured using a SPAD-502 meter through a three-crop cycle (plant cane, first ratoon, and second ratoon). Linkage analysis was conducted on a high-density genetic map constructed based on the sugarcane 100K SNP chip. In addition, Fv/Fm, plant height, stalk diameter, brix data were collected on plant cane during the elongation and maturation phases. The results showed that the +1 leaf SPAD values, which can be used as an important reference to evaluate the growth potential of sugarcane, were significantly and positively correlated with the Fv/Fm during elongation phase, as well as with plant height, stalk diameter, and brix during maturity phase (P < 0.01). The broad sense heritability (H 2) of the chlorophyll content trait was 0.66 for plant cane crop, 0.67 for first ratoon crop, and 0.73 for second ratoon crop, respectively, indicating that this trait was mainly controlled by genetic factors. Thirty-one quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected by QTL mapping. Among them, a major QTL, qCC-R1, could account for 12.95% of phenotypic variation explained (PVE), and the other 30 minor QTLs explained 2.37-7.99% PVE. Twenty candidate genes related to chlorophyll content were identified in the QTLs plus a 200-Kb extension region within either sides, of which four were homologous genes involved in the chlorophyll synthesis process and the remaining 16 played a certain role in chlorophyll catabolic pathway, chloroplast organization, or photosynthesis. These results provide a theoretical reference for analyzing the genetic mechanism of chlorophyll synthesis and subsequent improvement of photosynthetic characteristics in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Vegetables, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Yong-Bao Pan
- Sugarcane Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Houma, LA, United States
| | - Zhoutao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinge Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chao Pang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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15
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Dobson Z, Ahad S, Vanlandingham J, Toporik H, Vaughn N, Vaughn M, Williams D, Reppert M, Fromme P, Mazor Y. The structure of photosystem I from a high-light-tolerant cyanobacteria. eLife 2021; 10:e67518. [PMID: 34435952 PMCID: PMC8428864 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms have adapted to survive a myriad of extreme environments from the earth's deserts to its poles, yet the proteins that carry out the light reactions of photosynthesis are highly conserved from the cyanobacteria to modern day crops. To investigate adaptations of the photosynthetic machinery in cyanobacteria to excessive light stress, we isolated a new strain of cyanobacteria, Cyanobacterium aponinum 0216, from the extreme light environment of the Sonoran Desert. Here we report the biochemical characterization and the 2.7 Å resolution structure of trimeric photosystem I from this high-light-tolerant cyanobacterium. The structure shows a new conformation of the PsaL C-terminus that supports trimer formation of cyanobacterial photosystem I. The spectroscopic analysis of this photosystem I revealed a decrease in far-red absorption, which is attributed to a decrease in the number of long- wavelength chlorophylls. Using these findings, we constructed two chimeric PSIs in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 demonstrating how unique structural features in photosynthetic complexes can change spectroscopic properties, allowing organisms to thrive under different environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Dobson
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Safa Ahad
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
| | - Jackson Vanlandingham
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Hila Toporik
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Natalie Vaughn
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Michael Vaughn
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Dewight Williams
- John M. Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Michael Reppert
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
| | - Petra Fromme
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Yuval Mazor
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
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16
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Genesio L, Bassi R, Miglietta F. Plants with less chlorophyll: A global change perspective. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 27:959-967. [PMID: 33274488 PMCID: PMC8246939 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The necessary reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions may lead in the future to an increase in solar irradiance (solar brightening). Anthropogenic aerosols (and their precursors) that cause solar dimming are in fact often co-emitted with GHGs. While the reduction of GHG emissions is expected to slow down the ongoing increase in the greenhouse effect, an increased surface irradiance due to reduced atmospheric aerosol load might occur in the most populated areas of the earth. Increased irradiance may lead to air warming, favour the occurrence of heatwaves and increase the evaporative demand of the atmosphere. This is why effective and sustainable solar radiation management strategies to reflect more light back to space should be designed, tested and implemented together with GHG emission mitigation. Here we propose that new plants (crops, orchards and forests) with low-chlorophyll (Chl) content may provide a realistic, sustainable and relatively simple solution to increase surface reflectance of large geographical areas via changes in surface albedo. This may finally offset all or part of the expected local solar brightening. While high-Chl content provides substantial competitive advantages to plants growing in their natural environment, new plants with low-Chl content may be successfully used in agriculture and silviculture and be as productive as the green wildtypes (or even more). The most appropriate strategies to obtain highly productive and highly reflective plants are discussed in this paper and their mitigation potential is examined together with the challenges associated with their introduction in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Genesio
- Institute for Bioeconomy (IBE)National Research Council (CNR)FirenzeItaly
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Franco Miglietta
- Institute for Bioeconomy (IBE)National Research Council (CNR)FirenzeItaly
- Accademia dei GeorgofiliFirenzeItaly
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17
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Tros M, Novoderezhkin VI, Croce R, van Grondelle R, Romero E. Complete mapping of energy transfer pathways in the plant light-harvesting complex Lhca4. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:25720-25729. [PMID: 33146173 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03351k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Lhca4 antenna complex of plant Photosystem I (PSI) is characterized by extremely red-shifted and broadened absorption and emission bands from its low-energy chlorophylls (Chls). The mixing of a charge-transfer (CT) state with the excited state manifold causing these so-called red forms results in highly complicated multi-component excited energy transfer (EET) kinetics within the complex. The two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy experiments presented here reveal that EET towards the CT state occurs on three timescales: fast from the red Chls (within 1 ps), slower (5-7 ps) from the stromal side Chls, and very slow (100-200 ps) from a newly discovered 690 nm luminal trap. The excellent agreement between the experimental data with the previously presented Redfield-Förster exciton model of Lhca4 strongly supports the equilibration scheme of the bulk excitations with the dynamically localized CT on the stromal side. Thus, a complete picture of the energy transfer pathways leading to the population of the CT final trap within the whole Lhca4 complex is presented. In view of the environmental sensitivity of the CT contribution to the Lhca4 energy landscape, we speculate that one role of the CT states is to regulate the EET from the peripheral antenna to the PSI core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Tros
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and LaserLaB Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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18
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Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analysis of pear leaves under distinct training systems. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18892. [PMID: 33144674 PMCID: PMC7641215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75794-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Canopy architecture is critical in determining the light interception and distribution, and subsequently the photosynthetic efficiency and productivity. However, the physiological responses and molecular mechanisms by which pear canopy architectural traits impact on photosynthesis remain poorly understood. Here, physiological investigations coupled with comparative transcriptomic analyses were performed in pear leaves under distinct training systems. Compared with traditional freestanding system, flat-type trellis system (DP) showed higher net photosynthetic rate (PN) levels at the most time points throughout the entire monitored period, especially for the interior of the canopy in sunny side. Gene ontology analysis revealed that photosynthesis, carbohydrate derivative catabolic process and fatty acid metabolic process were over-represented in leaves of DP system with open-canopy characteristics. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis uncovered a significant network module positive correlated with PN value. The hub genes (PpFKF1 and PpPRR5) of the module were enriched in circadian rhythm pathway, suggesting a functional role for circadian clock genes in mediating photosynthetic performance under distinct training systems. These results draw a link between pear photosynthetic response and specific canopy architectural traits, and highlight light harvesting and circadian clock network as potential targets for the input signals from the fluctuating light availability under distinct training systems.
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19
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Mascoli V, Gelzinis A, Chmeliov J, Valkunas L, Croce R. Light-harvesting complexes access analogue emissive states in different environments. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5697-5709. [PMID: 32874506 PMCID: PMC7441578 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00781a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) of plants can regulate the level of excitation in the photosynthetic membrane under fluctuating light by switching between different functional states with distinct fluorescence properties. One of the most fascinating yet obscure aspects of this regulation is how the vast conformational landscape of LHCs is modulated in different environments. Indeed, while in isolated antennae the highly fluorescent light-harvesting conformation dominates, LHC aggregates display strong fluorescence quenching, representing therefore a model system for the process of energy dissipation developed by plants to avoid photodamage in high light. This marked difference between the isolated and oligomeric conditions has led to the widespread belief that aggregation is the trigger for the photoprotective state of LHCs. Here, a detailed analysis of time-resolved fluorescence experiments performed on aggregates of CP29 - a minor LHC of plants - provides new insights into the heterogeneity of emissive states of this antenna. A comparison with the data on isolated CP29 reveals that, though aggregation can stabilize short-lived conformations to a certain extent, the massive quenching upon protein clustering is mainly achieved by energetic connectivity between complexes that maintain the same long-lived and dissipative states accessed in the isolated form. Our results also explain the typical far-red enhancement in the emission of antenna oligomers in terms of a sub-population of long-lived redshifted complexes competing with quenched complexes in the energy trapping. Finally, the role of selected chlorophylls in shaping the conformational landscape of the antenna is also addressed by studying mutants lacking specific pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mascoli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics , Faculty of Sciences , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1081 , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands .
| | - Andrius Gelzinis
- Institute of Chemical Physics , Faculty of Physics , Vilnius University , Sauletekio Ave. 9 , LT-10222 Vilnius , Lithuania
- Department of Molecular Compound Physics , Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , Sauletekio Ave. 3 , LT-10257 Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Jevgenij Chmeliov
- Institute of Chemical Physics , Faculty of Physics , Vilnius University , Sauletekio Ave. 9 , LT-10222 Vilnius , Lithuania
- Department of Molecular Compound Physics , Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , Sauletekio Ave. 3 , LT-10257 Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Leonas Valkunas
- Institute of Chemical Physics , Faculty of Physics , Vilnius University , Sauletekio Ave. 9 , LT-10222 Vilnius , Lithuania
- Department of Molecular Compound Physics , Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , Sauletekio Ave. 3 , LT-10257 Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics , Faculty of Sciences , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1081 , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands .
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20
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Ara AM, Shakil Bin Kashem M, van Grondelle R, Wahadoszamen M. Stark fluorescence spectroscopy on peridinin-chlorophyll-protein complex of dinoflagellate, Amphidinium carterae. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 143:233-239. [PMID: 31768715 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00688-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Because of their peculiar but intriguing photophysical properties, peridinin-chlorophyll-protein complexes (PCPs), the peripheral light-harvesting antenna complexes of photosynthetic dinoflagellates have been unique targets of multidimensional theoretical and experimental investigations over the last few decades. The major light-harvesting chlorophyll a (Chl a) pigments of PCP are hypothesized to be spectroscopically heterogeneous. To study the spectral heterogeneity in terms of electrostatic parameters, we, in this study, implemented Stark fluorescence spectroscopy on PCP isolated from the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae. The comprehensive theoretical modeling of the Stark fluorescence spectrum with the help of the conventional Liptay formalism revealed the simultaneous presence of three emission bands in the fluorescence spectrum of PCP recorded upon excitation of peridinin. The three emission bands are found to possess different sets of electrostatic parameters with essentially increasing magnitude of charge-transfer character from the blue to redder ones. The different magnitudes of electrostatic parameters give good support to the earlier proposition that the spectral heterogeneity in PCP results from emissive Chl a clusters anchored at a different sites and domains within the protein network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjue Mane Ara
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | | | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Md Wahadoszamen
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Physics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
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21
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Fresch E, Meneghin E, Agostini A, Paulsen H, Carbonera D, Collini E. How the Protein Environment Can Tune the Energy, the Coupling, and the Ultrafast Dynamics of Interacting Chlorophylls: The Example of the Water-Soluble Chlorophyll Protein. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1059-1067. [PMID: 31952446 PMCID: PMC7995254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between active molecules and the protein environment in light-harvesting complexes tunes the photophysics and the dynamical properties of pigment-protein complexes in a subtle way, which is not fully understood. Here we characterized the photophysics and the ultrafast dynamics of four variants of the water-soluble chlorophyll protein (WSCP) as an ideal model system to study the behavior of strongly interacting chlorophylls. We found that when coordinated by the WSCP protein, the presence of the formyl group in chlorophyll b replacing the methyl group in chlorophyll a strongly affects the exciton energy and the dynamics of the system, opening up the possibility of tuning the photophysics and the transport properties of multichromophores by engineering specific interactions with the surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fresch
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Meneghin
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Agostini
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Institute
of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Harald Paulsen
- Institute
of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Donatella Carbonera
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Collini
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padua, Italy
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22
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Im SW, Ha H, Yang W, Jang JH, Kang B, Seo DH, Seo J, Nam KT. Light polarization dependency existing in the biological photosystem and possible implications for artificial antenna systems. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 143:205-220. [PMID: 31643017 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The processes of biological photosynthesis provide inspiration and valuable lessons for artificial energy collection, transfer, and conversion systems. The extraordinary efficiency of each sequential process of light to biomass conversion originates from the unique architecture and mechanism of photosynthetic proteins. Near 100% quantum efficiency of energy transfer in biological photosystems is achieved by the chlorophyll assemblies in antenna complexes, which also exhibit a significant degree of light polarization. The three-dimensional chiral assembly of chlorophylls is an optimized biological architecture that enables maximum energy transfer efficiency with precisely designed coupling between chlorophylls. In this review, we summarize the key lessons from the photosynthetic processes in biological photosystems, and move our focus to energy transfer mechanisms and the chiral structure of the chlorophyll assembly. Then, we introduce recent approaches and possible implications to realize the biological energy transfer processes on bioinspired scaffold-based artificial antenna systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Im
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Heonjin Ha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Woojin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Jun Ho Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Boyeong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Da Hye Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jiwon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea.
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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23
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Kosugi M, Ozawa SI, Takahashi Y, Kamei Y, Itoh S, Kudoh S, Kashino Y, Koike H. Red-shifted chlorophyll a bands allow uphill energy transfer to photosystem II reaction centers in an aerial green alga, Prasiola crispa, harvested in Antarctica. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.148139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Agostini A, Meneghin E, Gewehr L, Pedron D, Palm DM, Carbonera D, Paulsen H, Jaenicke E, Collini E. How water-mediated hydrogen bonds affect chlorophyll a/b selectivity in Water-Soluble Chlorophyll Protein. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18255. [PMID: 31796824 PMCID: PMC6890793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Water-Soluble Chlorophyll Protein (WSCP) of Brassicaceae is a remarkably stable tetrapyrrole-binding protein that, by virtue of its simple design, is an exceptional model to investigate the interactions taking place between pigments and their protein scaffold and how they affect the photophysical properties and the functionality of the complexes. We investigated variants of WSCP from Lepidium virginicum (Lv) and Brassica oleracea (Bo), reconstituted with Chlorophyll (Chl) b, to determine the mechanisms by which the different Chl binding sites control their Chl a/b specificities. A combined Raman and crystallographic investigation has been employed, aimed to characterize in detail the hydrogen-bond network involving the formyl group of Chl b. The study revealed a variable degree of conformational freedom of the hydrogen bond networks among the WSCP variants, and an unexpected mixed presence of hydrogen-bonded and not hydrogen-bonded Chls b in the case of the L91P mutant of Lv WSCP. These findings helped to refine the description of the mechanisms underlying the different Chl a/b specificities of WSCP versions, highlighting the importance of the structural rigidity of the Chl binding site in the vicinity of the Chl b formyl group in granting a strong selectivity to binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Agostini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy. .,Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Elena Meneghin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucas Gewehr
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Danilo Pedron
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniel M Palm
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Donatella Carbonera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Harald Paulsen
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elmar Jaenicke
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Jakob-Welder-Weg 26, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Collini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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25
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Van Wittenberghe S, Alonso L, Malenovský Z, Moreno J. In vivo photoprotection mechanisms observed from leaf spectral absorbance changes showing VIS-NIR slow-induced conformational pigment bed changes. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 142:283-305. [PMID: 31541418 PMCID: PMC6874624 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Regulated heat dissipation under excessive light comprises a complexity of mechanisms, whereby the supramolecular light-harvesting pigment-protein complex (LHC) shifts state from light harvesting towards heat dissipation, quenching the excess of photo-induced excitation energy in a non-photochemical way. Based on whole-leaf spectroscopy measuring upward and downward spectral radiance fluxes, we studied spectrally contiguous (hyperspectral) transient time series of absorbance A(λ,t) and passively induced chlorophyll fluorescence F(λ,t) dynamics of intact leaves in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths (VIS-NIR, 400-800 nm) after sudden strong natural-like illumination exposure. Besides light avoidance mechanism, we observed on absorbance signatures, calculated from simultaneous reflectance R(λ,t) and transmittance T(λ,t) measurements as A(λ,t) = 1 - R(λ,t) - T(λ,t), major dynamic events with specific onsets and kinetical behaviour. A consistent well-known fast carotenoid absorbance feature (500-570 nm) appears within the first seconds to minutes, seen from both the reflected (backscattered) and transmitted (forward scattered) radiance differences. Simultaneous fast Chl features are observed, either as an increased or decreased scattering behaviour during quick light adjustment consistent with re-organizations of the membrane. The carotenoid absorbance feature shows up simultaneously with a major F decrease and corresponds to the xanthophyll conversion, as quick response to the proton gradient build-up. After xanthophyll conversion (t = 3 min), a kinetically slower but major and smooth absorbance increase was occasionally observed from the transmitted radiance measurements as wide peaks in the green (~ 550 nm) and the near-infrared (~ 750 nm) wavelengths, involving no further F quenching. Surprisingly, in relation to the response to high light, this broad and consistent VIS-NIR feature indicates a slowly induced absorbance increase with a sigmoid kinetical behaviour. In analogy to sub-leaf-level observations, we suggest that this mechanism can be explained by a structure-induced low-energy-shifted energy redistribution involving both Car and Chl. These findings might pave the way towards a further non-invasive spectral investigation of antenna conformations and their relations with energy quenching at the intact leaf level, which is, in combination with F measurements, of a high importance for assessing plant photosynthesis in vivo and in addition from remote observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari Van Wittenberghe
- Laboratory of Earth Observation, Image Processing Laboratory, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
- Optics of Photosynthesis Laboratory, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luis Alonso
- Laboratory of Earth Observation, Image Processing Laboratory, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - Zbyněk Malenovský
- Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Technology, Environments and Design, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 76, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - José Moreno
- Laboratory of Earth Observation, Image Processing Laboratory, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
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26
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Wolf BM, Blankenship RE. Far-red light acclimation in diverse oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 142:349-359. [PMID: 31222688 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis has historically been considered limited to be driven by the wavelengths of visible light. However, in the last few decades, various adaptations have been discovered that allow algae, cyanobacteria, and even plants to utilize longer wavelength light in the far-red spectral range. These adaptations provide distinct advantages to the species possessing them, allowing the effective utilization of shade light under highly filtered light environments. In prokaryotes, these adaptations include the production of far-red-absorbing chlorophylls d and f and the remodeling of phycobilisome antennas and reaction centers. Eukaryotes express specialized light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes that use interactions between pigments and their protein environment to spectrally tune the absorption of chlorophyll a. If these adaptations could be applied to crop plants, a potentially significant increase in photon utilization in lower shaded leaves could be realized, improving crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Wolf
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Robert E Blankenship
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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27
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Niedzwiedzki DM, Wolf BM, Blankenship RE. Excitation energy transfer in the far-red absorbing violaxanthin/vaucheriaxanthin chlorophyll a complex from the eustigmatophyte alga FP5. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 140:337-354. [PMID: 30701484 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00615-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work highlights spectroscopic investigations on a new representative of photosynthetic antenna complexes in the LHC family, a putative violaxanthin/vaucheriaxanthin chlorophyll a (VCP) antenna complex from a freshwater Eustigmatophyte alga FP5. A representative VCP-like complex, named as VCP-B3 was studied with both static and time-resolved spectroscopies with the aim of obtaining a deeper understanding of excitation energy migration within the pigment array of the complex. Compared to other VCP representatives, the absorption spectrum of the VCP-B3 is strongly altered in the range of the chlorophyll a Qy band, and is substantially red-shifted with the longest wavelength absorption band at 707 nm at 77 K. VCP-B3 shows a moderate xanthophyll-to-chlorophyll a efficiency of excitation energy transfer in the 50-60% range, 20-30% lower from comparable VCP complexes from other organisms. Transient absorption studies accompanied by detailed data fitting and simulations support the idea that the xanthophylls that occupy the central part of the complex, complementary to luteins in the LHCII, are violaxanthins. Target analysis suggests that the primary route of xanthophyll-to-chlorophyll a energy transfer occurs via the xanthophyll S1 state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz M Niedzwiedzki
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering and Center for Solar Energy and Energy Storage, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Benjamin M Wolf
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Robert E Blankenship
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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28
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Longoni P, Samol I, Goldschmidt-Clermont M. The Kinase STATE TRANSITION 8 Phosphorylates Light Harvesting Complex II and Contributes to Light Acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1156. [PMID: 31608094 PMCID: PMC6761601 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) is a central trigger for the reorganization of the photosynthetic complexes in the thylakoid membrane during short-term light acclimation. The major kinase involved in LHCII phosphorylation is STATE TRANSITION 7 (STN7), and its activity is mostly counteracted by a thylakoid-associated phosphatase, PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1/THYLAKOID ASSOCIATED PHOSPHATASE 38 (PPH1/TAP38). This kinase/phosphatase pair responds to the redox status of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. In Arabidopsis thaliana, Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 subunits of the LHCII trimers are the major targets of phosphorylation and have different roles in the acclimation of the photosynthetic machinery. Another antagonistic kinase and phosphatase pair, STATE TRANSITION 8 (STN8) and PHOTOSYSTEM II PHOSPHATASE (PBCP) target a different set of thylakoid proteins. Here, we analyzed double, triple, and quadruple knockout mutants of these kinases and phosphatases. In multiple mutants, lacking STN7, in combination with one or both phosphatases, but not STN8, the phosphorylation of LHCII was partially restored. The recovered phosphorylation favors Lhcb1 over Lhcb2 and results in a better adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus and increased plant growth under fluctuating light. This set of mutants allowed to unveil a contribution of STN8-dependent phosphorylation in the acclimation to rapid light variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Longoni
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Paolo Longoni,
| | - Iga Samol
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michel Goldschmidt-Clermont
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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29
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Nagao R, Yokono M, Ueno Y, Shen JR, Akimoto S. Low-Energy Chlorophylls in Fucoxanthin Chlorophyll a/c-Binding Protein Conduct Excitation Energy Transfer to Photosystem I in Diatoms. J Phys Chem B 2018; 123:66-70. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b09253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Makio Yokono
- Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Innovation Center, Atsugi 243-0041, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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30
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Golub M, Rusevich L, Irrgang KD, Pieper J. Rigid versus Flexible Protein Matrix: Light-Harvesting Complex II Exhibits a Temperature-Dependent Phonon Spectral Density. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:7111-7121. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b02948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Golub
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Leonid Rusevich
- Institute of Physical Energetics, Krivu 11, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga 8, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia
| | - Klaus-Dieter Irrgang
- Department of Life Science & Technology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University for Applied Sciences, 10318 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Pieper
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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31
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Daskalakis V, Papadatos S. The Photosystem II Subunit S under Stress. Biophys J 2018; 113:2364-2372. [PMID: 29211990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonphotochemical quenching is the protective mechanism against overexcitation of photosystem II, triggered by excess ΔpH in photosynthetic membranes. The light-harvesting complexes (LHCs), the de-epoxidation of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin, and the photosystem II subunit S (PsbS) work in synergy for an optimized multilevel response. Understanding the fine details of this synergy has proven challenging to scientific research. Here, we employ large-scale, all-atom molecular simulations and beyond experimental insight, we proceed a step further in identifying the PsbS dynamics that could possibly be associated with this synergy. For the first time, to our knowledge, we probe the distinct behavior of PsbS under ΔpH that probes the details of the potential dimer-to-monomer transition, and in a violaxanthin/zeaxanthin-rich membrane, at an all-atom resolution. We propose that the lumen-exposed residues, threonine 162 and glutamic acid 173, form stabilizing hydrogen bonds between the PsbS monomers only at high lumen pH, whereas at low pH (excess ΔpH) this interaction is lost, and leads to higher flexibility of the protein and potentially to the dimer-to-monomer transition. Lastly, we discuss how conformational changes under the presence of ΔpH/zeaxanthin are related to the PsbS role in the current nonphotochemical quenching model in the literature. For the latter, we probe a PsbS-monomeric LHCII association. The association is proposed to potentially alter the monomeric LHCII sensitivity to ΔpH by changing the pKa values of interacting LHCII residues. This serves as an example where protonation-ligation events enhance protein-protein interactions fundamental to many life processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vangelis Daskalakis
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Sotiris Papadatos
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
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32
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A pathway for protective quenching in antenna proteins of Photosystem II. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2523. [PMID: 28566748 PMCID: PMC5451436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02892-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis is common in nature, converting sunlight energy into proton motive force and reducing power. The increased spectral range absorption of light exerted by pigments (i.e. chlorophylls, Chls) within Light Harvesting Complexes (LHCs) proves an important advantage under low light conditions. However, in the exposure to excess light, oxidative damages and ultimately cell death can occur. A down-regulatory mechanism, thus, has been evolved (non-photochemical quenching, NPQ). The mechanistic details of its major component (qE) are missing at the atomic scale. The research herein, initiates on solid evidence from the current NPQ state of the art, and reveals a detailed atomistic view by large scale Molecular Dynamics, Metadynamics and ab initio Simulations. The results demonstrate a complete picture of an elaborate common molecular design. All probed antenna proteins (major LHCII from spinach-pea, CP29 from spinach) show striking plasticity in helix-D, under NPQ conditions. This induces changes in Qy bands in excitation and absorption spectra of the near-by pigment pair (Chl613-614) that could emerge as a new quenching site. Zeaxanthin enhances this plasticity (and possibly the quenching) even at milder NPQ conditions.
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33
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Wellman SMJ, Jockusch RA. Tuning the Intrinsic Photophysical Properties of Chlorophylla. Chemistry 2017; 23:7728-7736. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sydney M. J. Wellman
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Rebecca A. Jockusch
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
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34
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Mazor Y, Borovikova A, Caspy I, Nelson N. Structure of the plant photosystem I supercomplex at 2.6 Å resolution. NATURE PLANTS 2017; 3:17014. [PMID: 28248295 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2017.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Four elaborate membrane complexes carry out the light reaction of oxygenic photosynthesis. Photosystem I (PSI) is one of two large reaction centres responsible for converting light photons into the chemical energy needed to sustain life. In the thylakoid membranes of plants, PSI is found together with its integral light-harvesting antenna, light-harvesting complex I (LHCI), in a membrane supercomplex containing hundreds of light-harvesting pigments. Here, we report the crystal structure of plant PSI-LHCI at 2.6 Å resolution. The structure reveals the configuration of PsaK, a core subunit important for state transitions in plants, a conserved network of water molecules surrounding the electron transfer centres and an elaborate structure of lipids bridging PSI and its LHCI antenna. We discuss the implications of the structure for energy transfer and the evolution of PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Mazor
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Anna Borovikova
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ido Caspy
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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35
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Yang W, Kang B, Voelz VA, Seo J. Control of porphyrin interactions via structural changes of a peptoid scaffold. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:9670-9679. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02398g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A template to control porphyrin interactions is constructed by displaying porphyrins at defined positions on a helical peptoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Physics and Chemistry
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 61005
- South Korea
| | - Boyeong Kang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Physics and Chemistry
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 61005
- South Korea
| | | | - Jiwon Seo
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Physics and Chemistry
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 61005
- South Korea
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36
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Kim Y, Lee JH, Ha H, Im SW, Nam KT. Material science lesson from the biological photosystem. NANO CONVERGENCE 2016; 3:19. [PMID: 28191429 PMCID: PMC5271162 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-016-0079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by photosynthesis, artificial systems for a sustainable energy supply are being designed. Each sequential energy conversion process from light to biomass in natural photosynthesis is a valuable model for an energy collection, transport and conversion system. Notwithstanding the numerous lessons of nature that provide inspiration for new developments, the features of natural photosynthesis need to be reengineered to meet man's demands. This review describes recent strategies toward adapting key lessons from natural photosynthesis to artificial systems. We focus on the underlying material science in photosynthesis that combines photosystems as pivotal functional materials and a range of materials into an integrated system. Finally, a perspective on the future development of photosynthesis mimetic energy systems is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghye Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 151-744 Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 151-744 Seoul, Korea
| | - Heonjin Ha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 151-744 Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Won Im
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 151-744 Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 151-744 Seoul, Korea
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37
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Mirkovic T, Ostroumov EE, Anna JM, van Grondelle R, Govindjee, Scholes GD. Light Absorption and Energy Transfer in the Antenna Complexes of Photosynthetic Organisms. Chem Rev 2016; 117:249-293. [PMID: 27428615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 587] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The process of photosynthesis is initiated by the capture of sunlight by a network of light-absorbing molecules (chromophores), which are also responsible for the subsequent funneling of the excitation energy to the reaction centers. Through evolution, genetic drift, and speciation, photosynthetic organisms have discovered many solutions for light harvesting. In this review, we describe the underlying photophysical principles by which this energy is absorbed, as well as the mechanisms of electronic excitation energy transfer (EET). First, optical properties of the individual pigment chromophores present in light-harvesting antenna complexes are introduced, and then we examine the collective behavior of pigment-pigment and pigment-protein interactions. The description of energy transfer, in particular multichromophoric antenna structures, is shown to vary depending on the spatial and energetic landscape, which dictates the relative coupling strength between constituent pigment molecules. In the latter half of the article, we focus on the light-harvesting complexes of purple bacteria as a model to illustrate the present understanding of the synergetic effects leading to EET optimization of light-harvesting antenna systems while exploring the structure and function of the integral chromophores. We end this review with a brief overview of the energy-transfer dynamics and pathways in the light-harvesting antennas of various photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihana Mirkovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Evgeny E Ostroumov
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jessica M Anna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Govindjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, and Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 265 Morrill Hall, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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38
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Bednarczyk D, Dym O, Prabahar V, Peleg Y, Pike DH, Noy D. Fine Tuning of Chlorophyll Spectra by Protein-Induced Ring Deformation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201512001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Bednarczyk
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
| | - Orly Dym
- Israel Structural Proteomics Center; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
| | - Vadivel Prabahar
- Migal-Galilee Research Institute; S. Industrial Zone Kiryat Shmona Israel
| | - Yoav Peleg
- Israel Structural Proteomics Center; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
| | - Douglas H. Pike
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine; Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; Rutgers University; 679 Hoes Lane West Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Dror Noy
- Migal-Galilee Research Institute; S. Industrial Zone Kiryat Shmona Israel
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39
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Bednarczyk D, Dym O, Prabahar V, Peleg Y, Pike DH, Noy D. Fine Tuning of Chlorophyll Spectra by Protein-Induced Ring Deformation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:6901-5. [PMID: 27098554 PMCID: PMC6690836 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201512001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability to tune the light-absorption properties of chlorophylls by their protein environment is the key to the robustness and high efficiency of photosynthetic light-harvesting proteins. Unfortunately, the intricacy of the natural complexes makes it very difficult to identify and isolate specific protein-pigment interactions that underlie the spectral-tuning mechanisms. Herein we identify and demonstrate the tuning mechanism of chlorophyll spectra in type II water-soluble chlorophyll binding proteins from Brassicaceae (WSCPs). By comparing the molecular structures of two natural WSCPs we correlate a shift in the chlorophyll red absorption band with deformation of its tetrapyrrole macrocycle that is induced by changing the position of a nearby tryptophan residue. We show by a set of reciprocal point mutations that this change accounts for up to 2/3 of the observed spectral shift between the two natural variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Bednarczyk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Orly Dym
- Israel Structural Proteomics Center, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vadivel Prabahar
- Migal-Galilee Research Institute, S. Industrial Zone, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Yoav Peleg
- Israel Structural Proteomics Center, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Douglas H Pike
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, 679 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Dror Noy
- Migal-Galilee Research Institute, S. Industrial Zone, Kiryat Shmona, Israel.
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40
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Novoderezhkin VI, Croce R, Wahadoszamen M, Polukhina I, Romero E, van Grondelle R. Mixing of exciton and charge-transfer states in light-harvesting complex Lhca4. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:19368-77. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02225a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structure-based modeling of spectra of the wild-type Lhca4 and NH mutant enables us to build the exciton model of the complex that includes a charge-transfer state mixed with the excited-state manifold.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Biophysics
- Faculty of Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Md. Wahadoszamen
- Department of Biophysics
- Faculty of Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Iryna Polukhina
- Department of Biophysics
- Faculty of Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Elisabet Romero
- Department of Biophysics
- Faculty of Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Department of Biophysics
- Faculty of Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
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41
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Mazor Y, Borovikova A, Nelson N. The structure of plant photosystem I super-complex at 2.8 Å resolution. eLife 2015; 4:e07433. [PMID: 26076232 PMCID: PMC4487076 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most life forms on Earth are supported by solar energy harnessed by oxygenic photosynthesis. In eukaryotes, photosynthesis is achieved by large membrane-embedded super-complexes, containing reaction centers and connected antennae. Here, we report the structure of the higher plant PSI-LHCI super-complex determined at 2.8 Å resolution. The structure includes 16 subunits and more than 200 prosthetic groups, which are mostly light harvesting pigments. The complete structures of the four LhcA subunits of LHCI include 52 chlorophyll a and 9 chlorophyll b molecules, as well as 10 carotenoids and 4 lipids. The structure of PSI-LHCI includes detailed protein pigments and pigment-pigment interactions, essential for the mechanism of excitation energy transfer and its modulation in one of nature's most efficient photochemical machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Mazor
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Borovikova
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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42
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Herbstová M, Bína D, Koník P, Gardian Z, Vácha F, Litvín R. Molecular basis of chromatic adaptation in pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:534-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis is the principal converter of sunlight into chemical energy on Earth. Cyanobacteria and plants provide the oxygen, food, fuel, fibers, and platform chemicals for life on Earth. The conversion of solar energy into chemical energy is catalyzed by two multisubunit membrane protein complexes, photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII). Light is absorbed by the pigment cofactors, and excitation energy is transferred among the antennae pigments and converted into chemical energy at very high efficiency. Oxygenic photosynthesis has existed for more than three billion years, during which its molecular machinery was perfected to minimize wasteful reactions. Light excitation transfer and singlet trapping won over fluorescence, radiation-less decay, and triplet formation. Photosynthetic reaction centers operate in organisms ranging from bacteria to higher plants. They are all evolutionarily linked. The crystal structure determination of photosynthetic protein complexes sheds light on the various partial reactions and explains how they are protected against wasteful pathways and why their function is robust. This review discusses the efficiency of photosynthetic solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
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44
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Schlau-Cohen GS, Yang HY, Krüger TPJ, Xu P, Gwizdala M, van Grondelle R, Croce R, Moerner WE. Single-Molecule Identification of Quenched and Unquenched States of LHCII. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:860-7. [PMID: 26262664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In photosynthetic light harvesting, absorbed sunlight is converted to electron flow with near-unity quantum efficiency under low light conditions. Under high light conditions, plants avoid damage to their molecular machinery by activating a set of photoprotective mechanisms to harmlessly dissipate excess energy as heat. To investigate these mechanisms, we study the primary antenna complex in green plants, light-harvesting complex II (LHCII), at the single-complex level. We use a single-molecule technique, the Anti-Brownian Electrokinetic trap, which enables simultaneous measurements of fluorescence intensity, lifetime, and spectra in solution. With this approach, including the first measurements of fluorescence lifetime on single LHCII complexes, we access the intrinsic conformational dynamics. In addition to an unquenched state, we identify two partially quenched states of LHCII. Our results suggest that there are at least two distinct quenching sites with different molecular compositions, meaning multiple dissipative pathways in LHCII. Furthermore, one of the quenched conformations significantly increases in relative population under environmental conditions mimicking high light.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hsiang-Yu Yang
- †Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Tjaart P J Krüger
- ‡Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Pengqi Xu
- §Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam and LaserLab Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Gwizdala
- §Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam and LaserLab Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- §Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam and LaserLab Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- §Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam and LaserLab Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W E Moerner
- †Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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45
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Vrandecic K, Rätsep M, Wilk L, Rusevich L, Golub M, Reppert M, Irrgang KD, Kühlbrandt W, Pieper J. Protein dynamics tunes excited state positions in light-harvesting complex II. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:3920-30. [PMID: 25664910 DOI: 10.1021/jp5112873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Light harvesting and excitation energy transfer in photosynthesis are relatively well understood at cryogenic temperatures up to ∼100 K, where crystal structures of several photosynthetic complexes including the major antenna complex of green plants (LHC II) are available at nearly atomic resolution. The situation is much more complex at higher or even physiological temperatures, because the spectroscopic properties of antenna complexes typically undergo drastic changes above ∼100 K. We have addressed this problem using a combination of quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) and optical spectroscopy on native LHC II and mutant samples lacking the Chl 2/Chl a 612 pigment molecule. Absorption difference spectra of the Chl 2/Chl a 612 mutant of LHC II reveal pronounced changes of spectral position and their widths above temperatures as low as ∼80 K. The complementary QENS data indicate an onset of conformational protein motions at about the same temperature. This finding suggests that excited state positions in LHC II are affected by protein dynamics on the picosecond time scale. In more detail, this means that at cryogenic temperatures the antenna complex is trapped in certain protein conformations. At higher temperature, however, a variety of conformational substates with different spectral position may be thermally accessible. At the same time, an analysis of the widths of the absorption difference spectra of Chl 2/Chl a 612 reveals three different reorganization energies or Huang-Rhys factors in different temperature ranges, respectively. These findings imply that (dynamic) pigment-protein interactions fine-tune electronic energy levels and electron-phonon coupling of LHC II for efficient excitation energy transfer at physiological temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamarniso Vrandecic
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu , Ravila 14C, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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46
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Caffarri S, Tibiletti T, Jennings RC, Santabarbara S. A comparison between plant photosystem I and photosystem II architecture and functioning. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2015; 15:296-331. [PMID: 24678674 PMCID: PMC4030627 DOI: 10.2174/1389203715666140327102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis is indispensable both for the development and maintenance of life on earth by converting
light energy into chemical energy and by producing molecular oxygen and consuming carbon dioxide. This latter
process has been responsible for reducing the CO2 from its very high levels in the primitive atmosphere to the present low
levels and thus reducing global temperatures to levels conducive to the development of life. Photosystem I and photosystem
II are the two multi-protein complexes that contain the pigments necessary to harvest photons and use light energy to
catalyse the primary photosynthetic endergonic reactions producing high energy compounds. Both photosystems are
highly organised membrane supercomplexes composed of a core complex, containing the reaction centre where electron
transport is initiated, and of a peripheral antenna system, which is important for light harvesting and photosynthetic activity
regulation. If on the one hand both the chemical reactions catalysed by the two photosystems and their detailed structure
are different, on the other hand they share many similarities. In this review we discuss and compare various aspects of
the organisation, functioning and regulation of plant photosystems by comparing them for similarities and differences as
obtained by structural, biochemical and spectroscopic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefano Santabarbara
- Laboratoire de Génétique et de Biophysique des Plantes (LGBP), Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009, Marseille, France.
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47
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Natali A, Roy LM, Croce R. In vitro reconstitution of light-harvesting complexes of plants and green algae. J Vis Exp 2014:e51852. [PMID: 25350712 PMCID: PMC4692416 DOI: 10.3791/51852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants and green algae, light is captured by the light-harvesting complexes (LHCs), a family of integral membrane proteins that coordinate chlorophylls and carotenoids. In vivo, these proteins are folded with pigments to form complexes which are inserted in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. The high similarity in the chemical and physical properties of the members of the family, together with the fact that they can easily lose pigments during isolation, makes their purification in a native state challenging. An alternative approach to obtain homogeneous preparations of LHCs was developed by Plumley and Schmidt in 19871, who showed that it was possible to reconstitute these complexes in vitro starting from purified pigments and unfolded apoproteins, resulting in complexes with properties very similar to that of native complexes. This opened the way to the use of bacterial expressed recombinant proteins for in vitro reconstitution. The reconstitution method is powerful for various reasons: (1) pure preparations of individual complexes can be obtained, (2) pigment composition can be controlled to assess their contribution to structure and function, (3) recombinant proteins can be mutated to study the functional role of the individual residues (e.g., pigment binding sites) or protein domain (e.g., protein-protein interaction, folding). This method has been optimized in several laboratories and applied to most of the light-harvesting complexes. The protocol described here details the method of reconstituting light-harvesting complexes in vitro currently used in our laboratory,and examples describing applications of the method are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Natali
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam
| | - Laura M Roy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam;
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48
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Natural strategies for photosynthetic light harvesting. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:492-501. [PMID: 24937067 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 566] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms are crucial for life on Earth as they provide food and oxygen and are at the basis of most energy resources. They have a large variety of light-harvesting strategies that allow them to live nearly everywhere where sunlight can penetrate. They have adapted their pigmentation to the spectral composition of light in their habitat, they acclimate to slowly varying light intensities and they rapidly respond to fast changes in light quality and quantity. This is particularly important for oxygen-producing organisms because an overdose of light in combination with oxygen can be lethal. Rapid progress is being made in understanding how different organisms maximize light harvesting and minimize deleterious effects. Here we summarize the latest findings and explain the main design principles used in nature. The available knowledge can be used for optimizing light harvesting in both natural and artificial photosynthesis to improve light-driven production processes.
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49
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Mokvist F, Mamedov F, Styring S. Defining the far-red limit of photosystem I: the primary charge separation is functional to 840 nm. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24630-9. [PMID: 25023284 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.555649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The far-red limit of photosystem I (PS I) photochemistry was studied by EPR spectroscopy using laser flashes between 730 and 850 nm. In manganese-depleted spinach thylakoid membranes, the primary donor in PS I, P700, was oxidized simultaneously with tyrosine Z, the secondary donor in PS II. It was found that at 295 K PS I photochemistry, observed as P700 (+) formation, was functional up to 840 nm. This is 30 nm further to the red region than was reported for PS II photochemistry (Thapper, A., Mamedov, F., Mokvist, F., Hammarström, L., and Styring, S. (2009) Plant Cell 21, 2391-2401). The same far-red limit for the P700 (+) formation was observed in a PS I reaction center core preparation from Nostoc punctiforme. The reduction of the acceptor side of PS I, observed as reduction of the iron-sulfur centers FA and FB by low temperature EPR measurements, was also functional at 15 K with light up to >830 nm. Taken together, these results, obtained from both plants and cyanobacteria, most likely rule out involvement of the red-absorbing antenna chlorophylls in this reaction. Instead we propose the existence of weak charge transfer bands absorbing in the far-red region in the ensemble of excitonically coupled chlorophyll a molecules around P700 similar to what has been found in the reaction center of PS II. These charge transfer bands could be responsible for the far-red light absorption leading to PS I photochemistry at wavelengths up to 840 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Mokvist
- From Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, Ångström Laboratory, P. O. Box 523, S-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fikret Mamedov
- From Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, Ångström Laboratory, P. O. Box 523, S-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stenbjörn Styring
- From Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, Ångström Laboratory, P. O. Box 523, S-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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50
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Krüger TP, Ilioaia C, Johnson MP, Ruban AV, van Grondelle R. Disentangling the low-energy states of the major light-harvesting complex of plants and their role in photoprotection. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:1027-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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