1
|
Kirpich JS, Luo L, Nelson MR, Agarwala N, Xu W, Hastings G. Is the A -1 Pigment in Photosystem I Part of P700? A (P700 +-P700) FTIR Difference Spectroscopy Study of A -1 Mutants. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4839. [PMID: 38732056 PMCID: PMC11084411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The involvement of the second pair of chlorophylls, termed A-1A and A-1B, in light-induced electron transfer in photosystem I (PSI) is currently debated. Asparagines at PsaA600 and PsaB582 are involved in coordinating the A-1B and A-1A pigments, respectively. Here we have mutated these asparagine residues to methionine in two single mutants and a double mutant in PSI from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, which we term NA600M, NB582M, and NA600M/NB582M mutants. (P700+-P700) FTIR difference spectra (DS) at 293 K were obtained for the wild-type and the three mutant PSI samples. The wild-type and mutant FTIR DS differ considerably. This difference indicates that the observed changes in the (P700+-P700) FTIR DS cannot be due to only the PA and PB pigments of P700. Comparison of the wild-type and mutant FTIR DS allows the assignment of different features to both A-1 pigments in the FTIR DS for wild-type PSI and assesses how these features shift upon cation formation and upon mutation. While the exact role the A-1 pigments play in the species we call P700 is unclear, we demonstrate that the vibrational modes of the A-1A and A-1B pigments are modified upon P700+ formation. Previously, we showed that the A-1 pigments contribute to P700 in green algae. In this manuscript, we demonstrate that this is also the case in cyanobacterial PSI. The nature of the mutation-induced changes in algal and cyanobacterial PSI is similar and can be considered within the same framework, suggesting a universality in the nature of P700 in different photosynthetic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia S. Kirpich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Lujun Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Michael R. Nelson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Neva Agarwala
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Wu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Gary Hastings
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hunt NT. Biomolecular infrared spectroscopy: making time for dynamics. Chem Sci 2024; 15:414-430. [PMID: 38179520 PMCID: PMC10763549 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05223k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Time resolved infrared spectroscopy of biological molecules has provided a wealth of information relating to structural dynamics, conformational changes, solvation and intermolecular interactions. Challenges still exist however arising from the wide range of timescales over which biological processes occur, stretching from picoseconds to minutes or hours. Experimental methods are often limited by vibrational lifetimes of probe groups, which are typically on the order of picoseconds, while measuring an evolving system continuously over some 18 orders of magnitude in time presents a raft of technological hurdles. In this Perspective, a series of recent advances which allow biological molecules and processes to be studied over an increasing range of timescales, while maintaining ultrafast time resolution, will be reviewed, showing that the potential for real-time observation of biomolecular function draws ever closer, while offering a new set of challenges to be overcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil T Hunt
- Department of Chemistry and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bournet Q, Natile M, Jonusas M, Guichard F, Zaouter Y, Joffre M, Bonvalet A, Druon F, Hanna M, Georges P. Intensity noise in difference frequency generation-based tunable femtosecond MIR sources. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:12693-12702. [PMID: 37157425 DOI: 10.1364/oe.486509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We characterize the intensity noise of two mid-infrared (MIR) ultrafast tunable (3.5-11 μm) sources based on difference frequency generation (DFG). While both sources are pumped by a high repetition rate Yb-doped amplifier delivering 200 μJ 300 fs at a central wavelength of 1030 nm, the first is based on intrapulse DFG (intraDFG), and the second on DFG at the output of an optical parametric amplifier (OPA). The noise properties are assessed through measurement of the relative intensity noise (RIN) power spectral density and pulse-to-pulse stability. The noise transfer mechanisms from the pump to the MIR beam is empirically demonstrated. As an example, improving the pump laser noise performance allows reduction of the integrated RIN (IRIN) of one of the MIR source from 2.7% RMS down to 0.4% RMS. The intensity noise is also measured at various stages and in several wavelength ranges in both laser system architectures, allowing us to identify the physical origin of their variation. This study presents numerical values for the pulse to pulse stability, and analyze the frequency content of the RINs of particular importance for the design of low-noise high repetition rate tunable MIR sources and future high performance time-resolved molecular spectroscopy experiments.
Collapse
|
4
|
Identification of a Ubiquinone–Ubiquinol Quinhydrone Complex in Bacterial Photosynthetic Membranes and Isolated Reaction Centers by Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065233. [PMID: 36982307 PMCID: PMC10049466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquinone redox chemistry is of fundamental importance in biochemistry, notably in bioenergetics. The bi-electronic reduction of ubiquinone to ubiquinol has been widely studied, including by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy, in several systems. In this paper, we have recorded static and time-resolved FTIR difference spectra reflecting light-induced ubiquinone reduction to ubiquinol in bacterial photosynthetic membranes and in detergent-isolated photosynthetic bacterial reaction centers. We found compelling evidence that in both systems under strong light illumination—and also in detergent-isolated reaction centers after two saturating flashes—a ubiquinone–ubiquinol charge-transfer quinhydrone complex, characterized by a characteristic band at ~1565 cm−1, can be formed. Quantum chemistry calculations confirmed that such a band is due to formation of a quinhydrone complex. We propose that the formation of such a complex takes place when Q and QH2 are forced, by spatial constraints, to share a common limited space as, for instance, in detergent micelles, or when an incoming quinone from the pool meets, in the channel for quinone/quinol exchange at the QB site, a quinol coming out. This latter situation can take place both in isolated and membrane bound reaction centers Possible consequences of the formation of this charge-transfer complex under physiological conditions are discussed.
Collapse
|
5
|
Yin H, Wang L, Xi Z. Involvement of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis of Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Skins in Response to Field Screening and In Vitro Culture Irradiating Infrared Radiation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12807-12818. [PMID: 36166715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To study the role of infrared (IR) radiation in the color change of the grape berry, field screening (IR-) and in vitro culture irradiation (IR+) were used. Acylated anthocyanin biosyntheses, including the biosynthesis of malvidin 3-O-glucoside, peonidin 3-O-glucoside, and their derivatives (acetylation and p-coumaroylation), were inhibited by IR-. IR+ promoted the biosynthesis of malvidin 3-O-glucoside and its derivatives, and IR+ inhibited the biosynthesis of peonidin 3-O-glucoside and its derivatives. WGCNA analysis revealed that the red module positively correlated with the flavonoid pathway. The hub genes were related to the anthocyanin pathway, including VvF3'5'H, VvANS, VvOMT1, VIT_18s0001g09400, and VvGST4. Further, the results revealed that transcription factors like RLK-Pelle, MYB, and C2H2 families were involved in response to IR radiation. Therefore, these results provide a complete understanding of IR radiation in grape skin color formation and the prospect of using supplemental light to improve the overall color of berries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haining Yin
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhumei Xi
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yoneda Y, Arsenault EA, Yang SJ, Orcutt K, Iwai M, Fleming GR. The initial charge separation step in oxygenic photosynthesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2275. [PMID: 35477708 PMCID: PMC9046298 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29983-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II is crucial for life on Earth as it provides oxygen as a result of photoinduced electron transfer and water splitting reactions. The excited state dynamics of the photosystem II-reaction center (PSII-RC) has been a matter of vivid debate because the absorption spectra of the embedded chromophores significantly overlap and hence it is extremely difficult to distinguish transients. Here, we report the two-dimensional electronic-vibrational spectroscopic study of the PSII-RC. The simultaneous resolution along both the visible excitation and infrared detection axis is crucial in allowing for the character of the excitonic states and interplay between them to be clearly distinguished. In particular, this work demonstrates that the mixed exciton-charge transfer state, previously proposed to be responsible for the far-red light operation of photosynthesis, is characterized by the ChlD1+Phe radical pair and can be directly prepared upon photoexcitation. Further, we find that the initial electron acceptor in the PSII-RC is Phe, rather than PD1, regardless of excitation wavelength. The photosystem II reaction center (PSII-RC) is a model system to understand the initial steps of photosynthesis, but its excited state dynamics is difficult to disentangle with most spectroscopic methods. Here the authors perform a two-dimensional electronic-vibrational spectroscopic study of PSII-RC, providing detailed insight into such dynamics and into the mechanism of charge separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yoneda
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States.,Research Center of Integrative Molecular Systems, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Eric A Arsenault
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States
| | - Shiun-Jr Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States
| | - Kaydren Orcutt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States
| | - Masakazu Iwai
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States
| | - Graham R Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States. .,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States. .,Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Time-resolved infrared absorption spectroscopy applied to photoinduced reactions: how and why. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:557-584. [DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
8
|
Huix-Rotllant M, Schwinn K, Ferré N. Infrared spectroscopy from electrostatic embedding QM/MM: local normal mode analysis of infrared spectra of arabidopsis thaliana plant cryptochrome. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:1666-1674. [PMID: 33415326 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06070d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is an undoubtedly valuable tool for analyzing vibrations, conformational changes, and chemical reactions of biological macromolecules. Currently, there is a lack of theoretical methods to create a model successfully and efficiently simulate and interpret the origin of the spectral signatures, which are often complex to analyze. Here, we develop a new method for IR vibrational spectroscopy based on analytic second derivatives of electrostatic embedding QM/MM energy, the computation of electric dipole moments with respect to nuclear perturbations and the localization of normal modes. In addition to the IR spectrum, the method can provide the origin of each peak from clearly identified molecular motions of constituent fragments. As a proof of concept, we analyze the IR spectra of flavin adenine dinucleotides in water and in Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochrome proteins for four redox forms, in addition to the difference IR spectra before and after illumination with blue light. We show that the main peaks in the difference spectrum are due to N-H hydrogen out-of-plane motions and hydrogen bendings.
Collapse
|
9
|
la Gatta S, Milano F, Farinola GM, Agostiano A, Di Donato M, Lapini A, Foggi P, Trotta M, Ragni R. A highly efficient heptamethine cyanine antenna for photosynthetic Reaction Center: From chemical design to ultrafast energy transfer investigation of the hybrid system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:350-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
10
|
Khosravi SD, Bishop MM, LaFountain AM, Turner DB, Gibson GN, Frank HA, Berrah N. Addition of a Carbonyl End Group Increases the Rate of Excited-State Decay in a Carotenoid via Conjugation Extension and Symmetry Breaking. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:10872-10879. [PMID: 30387609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b06732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Steady-state absorption, transient absorption, and transient grating spectroscopies were employed to elucidate the role of a conjugated carbonyl group in the photophysics of carotenoids. Spheroidenone and spheroidene have similar molecular structures and differ only in an additional carbonyl group in spheroidenone. Comparison of the optical responses of these two molecules under similar experimental conditions was used to understand the role of this carbonyl group in the structure. It was found that the carbonyl group has two main effects: first, it dramatically increases the depopulation rate of the excited states of the molecule. The lifetimes of all the excited states of spheroidenone were found to be almost half of the ones for spheroidene. Second, the presence of the carbonyl group in the chain alters the decay mechanism to the symmetry-forbidden S1 state of the molecule, so that the higher vibrational levels of the S1 state are populated much more effectively. It was also revealed that for both molecules, the S2/S x → S1(hot) → S1 decay process is not purely sequential and follows a branched model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel B Turner
- Department of Chemistry , New York University , New York 10003 , United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Evaluation of photosynthetic activities in thylakoid membranes by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:129-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
12
|
Mutations in algal and cyanobacterial Photosystem I that independently affect the yield of initial charge separation in the two electron transfer cofactor branches. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:42-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
13
|
Mezzetti A, Leibl W. Time-resolved infrared spectroscopy in the study of photosynthetic systems. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 131:121-144. [PMID: 27678250 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved (TR) infrared (IR) spectroscopy in the nanosecond to second timescale has been extensively used, in the last 30 years, in the study of photosynthetic systems. Interesting results have also been obtained at lower time resolution (minutes or even hours). In this review, we first describe the used techniques-dispersive IR, laser diode IR, rapid-scan Fourier transform (FT)IR, step-scan FTIR-underlying the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. Then, the main TR-IR results obtained so far in the investigation of photosynthetic reactions (in reaction centers, in light-harvesting systems, but also in entire membranes or even in living organisms) are presented. Finally, after the general conclusions, the perspectives in the field of TR-IR applied to photosynthesis are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mezzetti
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7197, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surfaces, 4 Pl. Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), IBITECS, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Winfried Leibl
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), IBITECS, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kottke T, Lórenz-Fonfría VA, Heberle J. The Grateful Infrared: Sequential Protein Structural Changes Resolved by Infrared Difference Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2016; 121:335-350. [PMID: 28100053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b09222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic activity of proteins is a function of structural changes. Very often these are as minute as protonation changes, hydrogen bonding changes, and amino acid side chain reorientations. To resolve these, a methodology is afforded that not only provides the molecular sensitivity but allows for tracing the sequence of these hierarchical reactions at the same time. This feature article showcases results from time-resolved IR spectroscopy on channelrhodopsin (ChR), light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) domain protein, and cryptochrome (CRY). All three proteins are activated by blue light, but their biological role is drastically different. Channelrhodopsin is a transmembrane retinylidene protein which represents the first light-activated ion channel of its kind and which is involved in primitive vision (phototaxis) of algae. LOV and CRY are flavin-binding proteins acting as photoreceptors in a variety of signal transduction mechanisms in all kingdoms of life. Beyond their biological relevance, these proteins are employed in exciting optogenetic applications. We show here how IR difference absorption resolves crucial structural changes of the protein after photonic activation of the chromophore. Time-resolved techniques are introduced that cover the time range from nanoseconds to minutes along with some technical considerations. Finally, we provide an outlook toward novel experimental approaches that are currently developed in our laboratories or are just in our minds ("Gedankenexperimente"). We believe that some of them have the potential to provide new science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Kottke
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University , Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Heberle
- Experimental Molecular Biophysics, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimalle 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kovrigina EA, Pattengale B, Xia C, Galiakhmetov AR, Huang J, Kim JJP, Kovrigin EL. Conformational States of Cytochrome P450 Oxidoreductase Evaluated by Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Using Ultrafast Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. Biochemistry 2016; 55:5973-5976. [PMID: 27741572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CYPOR) was shown to undergo large conformational rearrangements in its functional cycle. Using a new Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) approach based on femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (TA), we determined the donor-acceptor distance distribution in the reduced and oxidized states of CYPOR. The unmatched time resolution of TA allowed the quantitative assessment of the donor-acceptor FRET, indicating that CYPOR assumes a closed conformation in both reduced and oxidized states in the absence of the redox partner. The described ultrafast TA measurements of FRET with readily available red-infrared fluorescent labels open new opportunities for structural studies in chromophore-rich proteins and their complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta A Kovrigina
- Biochemistry Department, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States.,Chemistry Department, Marquette University , P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Brian Pattengale
- Chemistry Department, Marquette University , P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Chuanwu Xia
- Biochemistry Department, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Azamat R Galiakhmetov
- Chemistry Department, Marquette University , P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Jier Huang
- Chemistry Department, Marquette University , P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Jung-Ja P Kim
- Biochemistry Department, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Evgenii L Kovrigin
- Chemistry Department, Marquette University , P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ke XS, Zhao H, Zou X, Ning Y, Cheng X, Su H, Zhang JL. Fine-Tuning of β-Substitution to Modulate the Lowest Triplet Excited States: A Bioinspired Approach to Design Phosphorescent Metalloporphyrinoids. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10745-52. [PMID: 26247480 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Learning nature's approach to modulate photophysical properties of NIR porphyrinoids by fine-tuning β-substituents including the number and position, in a manner similar to naturally occurring chlorophylls, has the potential to circumvent the disadvantages of traditional "extended π-conjugation" strategy such as stability, molecular size, solubility, and undesirable π-π stacking. Here we show that such subtle structural changes in Pt(II) or Pd(II) cis/trans-porphodilactones (termed by cis/trans-Pt/Pd) influence photophysical properties of the lowest triplet excited states including phosphorescence, Stokes shifts, and even photosensitization ability in triplet-triplet annihilation reactions with rubrene. Prominently, the overall upconversion capability (η, η = ε·Φ(UC)) of Pd or Pt trans-complex is 10(4) times higher than that of cis-analogue. Nanosecond time-resolved infrared (TR-IR) spectroscopy experiments showed larger frequency shift of ν(C═O) bands (ca. 10 cm(-1)) of cis-complexes than those of trans-complexes in the triplet excited states. These spectral features, combining with TD-DFT calculations, suggest the strong electronic coupling between the lactone moieties and the main porphyrin chromophores and thus the importance of precisely positioning β-substituents by mimicking chlorophylls, as an alternative to "extended π-conjugation", in designing NIR active porphyrinoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Sheng Ke
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoran Zou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Ning
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P.R. China.,College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, P.R.China
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Light-Induced Infrared Difference Spectroscopy in the Investigation of Light Harvesting Complexes. Molecules 2015; 20:12229-49. [PMID: 26151118 PMCID: PMC6332223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200712229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-induced infrared difference spectroscopy (IR-DS) has been used, especially in the last decade, to investigate early photophysics, energy transfer and photoprotection mechanisms in isolated and membrane-bound light harvesting complexes (LHCs). The technique has the definite advantage to give information on how the pigments and the other constituents of the biological system (proteins, membranes, etc.) evolve during a given photoreaction. Different static and time-resolved approaches have been used. Compared to the application of IR-DS to photosynthetic Reaction Centers (RCs), however, IR-DS applied to LHCs is still in an almost pioneering age: very often sophisticated techniques (step-scan FTIR, ultrafast IR) or data analysis strategies (global analysis, target analysis, multivariate curve resolution) are needed. In addition, band assignment is usually more complicated than in RCs. The results obtained on the studied systems (chromatophores and RC-LHC supercomplexes from purple bacteria; Peridinin-Chlorophyll-a-Proteins from dinoflagellates; isolated LHCII from plants; thylakoids; Orange Carotenoid Protein from cyanobacteria) are summarized. A description of the different IR-DS techniques used is also provided, and the most stimulating perspectives are also described. Especially if used synergically with other biophysical techniques, light-induced IR-DS represents an important tool in the investigation of photophysical/photochemical reactions in LHCs and LHC-containing systems.
Collapse
|
18
|
Di Donato M, Ragnoni E, Lapini A, Kardaś TM, Ratajska-Gadomska B, Foggi P, Righini R. Identification of the Excited-State C═C and C═O Modes of trans-β-Apo-8'-carotenal with Transient 2D-IR-EXSY and Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:1592-1598. [PMID: 26263319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Assigning the vibrational modes of molecules in the electronic excited state is often a difficult task. Here we show that combining two nonlinear spectroscopic techniques, transient 2D exchange infrared spectroscopy (T2D-IR-EXSY) and femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS), the contribution of the C═C and C═O modes in the excited-state vibrational spectra of trans-β-apo-8'-carotenal can be unambiguously identified. The experimental results reported in this work confirm a previously proposed assignment based on quantum-chemical calculations and further strengthen the role of an excited state with charge-transfer character in the relaxation pathway of carbonyl carotenoids. On a more general ground, our results highlight the potentiality of nonlinear spectroscopic methods based on the combined use of visible and infrared pulses to correlate structural and electronic changes in photoexcited molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Di Donato
- †LENS (European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy), via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- ‡INO (Istituto Nazionale di Ottica), Largo Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy
- §Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elena Ragnoni
- †LENS (European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy), via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- ‡INO (Istituto Nazionale di Ottica), Largo Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Andrea Lapini
- †LENS (European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy), via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- ‡INO (Istituto Nazionale di Ottica), Largo Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy
- §Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Tomasz M Kardaś
- ∥Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Zwirki Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Paolo Foggi
- †LENS (European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy), via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- ‡INO (Istituto Nazionale di Ottica), Largo Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy
- ⊥Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Righini
- †LENS (European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy), via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- ‡INO (Istituto Nazionale di Ottica), Largo Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy
- §Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|