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Guo R, Xu YL, Zhu JX, Scheer H, Zhao KH. Assembly of CpcL-phycobilisomes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1207-1217. [PMID: 38319793 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
CpcL-phycobilisomes (CpcL-PBSs) are a reduced type of phycobilisome (PBS) found in several cyanobacteria. They lack the traditional PBS terminal energy emitters, but still show the characteristic red-shifted fluorescence at ~670 nm. We established a method of assembling in vitro a rod-membrane linker protein, CpcL, with phycocyanin, generating complexes with the red-shifted spectral features of CpcL-PBSs. The red-shift arises from the interaction of a conserved key glutamine, Q57 of CpcL in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, with a single phycocyanobilin chromophore of trimeric phycocyanin at one of the three β82-sites. This chromophore is the terminal energy acceptor of CpcL-PBSs and donor to the photosystem(s). This mechanism also operates in PBSs from Acaryochloris marina MBIC11017. We then generated multichromic complexes harvesting light over nearly the complete visible range via the replacement of phycocyanobilin chromophores at sites α84 and β153 of phycocyanins by phycoerythrobilin and/or phycourobilin. The results demonstrate the rational design of biliprotein-based light-harvesting elements by engineering CpcL and phycocyanins, which broadens the light-harvesting range and accordingly improves the light-harvesting capacity and may be potentially applied in solar energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Li Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Xun Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Hugo Scheer
- Department Biologie I, Universität München, Menzinger Str. 67, D-80638, München, Germany
| | - Kai-Hong Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
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2
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Nguyen HK, Minato T, Teramoto T, Ogo S, Kakuta Y, Yoon KS. Disassembly and reassembly of the non-conventional thermophilic C-phycocyanin. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 137:179-186. [PMID: 38238241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
C-phycocyanin (CPC), which contains open-chain tetrapyrroles, is a major light-harvesting red-fluorescent protein with an important role in aquatic photosynthesis. Recently, we reported a non-conventional CPC from Thermoleptolyngbya sp. O-77 (CPCO77) that contains two different structures, i.e., a hexameric structure and a non-conventional octameric structure. However, the assembly and disassembly mechanisms of the non-conventional octameric form of CPC remain unclear. To understand this assembly mechanism, we performed an in vitro experiment to study the disassembly and reassembly behaviors of CPC using isolated CPC subunits. The dissociation of the CPCO77 subunit was performed using a Phenyl-Sepharose column in 20 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) containing 7.0 M urea. For the first time, crystals of isolated CPC subunits were obtained and analyzed after separation. After the removal of urea from the purified α and β subunits, we performed an in vitro reassembly experiment for CPC and analyzed the reconstructed CPC using spectrophotometric and X-ray crystal structure analyses. The crystal structure of the reassembled CPC was nearly identical to that of the original CPCO77. The findings of this study indicate that the octameric CPCO77 is a naturally occurring form in the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermoleptolyngbya sp. O-77.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Khac Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takuo Minato
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I(2)CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Takamasa Teramoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Seiji Ogo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I(2)CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Kakuta
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of System Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ki-Seok Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I(2)CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Li Q, Zhang L, Liao W, Liu J, Gao Y. Effects of chitosan molecular weight and mass ratio with natural blue phycocyanin on physiochemical and structural stability of protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128508. [PMID: 38040145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Phycocyanin (PC), an algae-extracted colorant, has extensive applications for its water-solubility and fresh blue shade. When PC is added to acidified media, dispersions are prone to aggregate and decolorize into cloudy systems. For palliating this matter, chitosan with high, medium, and low molecular weights (HMC, MMC, and LMC) were adopted in PC dispersions, and their protective effects were compared based on physiochemical stabilities. The optimal mass ratio between chitosan and PC was identified as 1:5 based on preliminary evaluations and was supported by the higher ζ-potential (31.0-32.1 mV), lower turbidity (39.6-43.6 NTU), and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis results. Through interfacial and antioxidant capacity analyses, LMC was found to display a higher affinity to PC, which was also confirmed by SEM images and the maximum increase in transition temperature of their complex (155.70 °C) in DSC measurements. The mechanism of electrostatic interaction reinforced by hydrophobic effects and hydrogen bonding was elucidated by FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. Further comprehensive stability evaluations revealed that, without light exposure, LMC kept PC from internal secondary structure to external blueness luster to the maximum extent. While with light exposure, LMC was not so flexible as HMC, to protect chromophores from attack of free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qike Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Beverages, China National Light Industry Council, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Beverages, China National Light Industry Council, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Wenyan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Beverages, China National Light Industry Council, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jinfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Beverages, China National Light Industry Council, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Yanxiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Beverages, China National Light Industry Council, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Patel SN, Sonani RR, Chaubey MG, Gupta GD, Singh NK, Kumar V, Madamwar D. Crystal structure of Synechococcus phycocyanin: implications of light-harvesting and antioxidant properties. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:247. [PMID: 37366498 PMCID: PMC10290628 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03665-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins is a family of chromophore-containing proteins having light-harvesting and antioxidant capacity. The phycocyanin (PC) is a brilliant blue coloured phycobiliprotein, found in rod structure of phycobilisome and has been widely studied for their therapeutic and fluorescent properties. In the present study, the hexameric assembly structure of phycocyanin (Syn-PC) from Synechococcus Sp. R42DM is characterized by X-ray crystallography to understand its light-harvesting and antioxidant properties. The crystal structure of Syn-PC is solved with 2.15 Å resolution and crystallographic R-factors, Rwork/Rfree, 0.16/0.21. The hexamer of Syn-PC is formed by heterodimer of two polypeptide chains, namely, α- and β-subunits. The structure is analysed at atomic level to reveal the chromophore microenvironment and possible light energy transfer mechanism in Syn-PC. The chromophore arrangement in hexamer, deviation angle and distance between the chromophore contribute to the energy transfer efficiency of protein. The structural attributes responsible for the antioxidant potential of Syn-PC are recognized and annotated on its 3-dimensional structure. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03665-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti N. Patel
- P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Anand, Gujarat 388421 India
- Present Address: Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ravi R. Sonani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Mukesh G. Chaubey
- Shri A. N. Patel P. G. Institute of Science and Research, Sardar Patel University, Anand, Gujarat India
| | - Gagan D. Gupta
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085 India
| | - Niraj Kumar Singh
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 011 India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085 India
| | - Datta Madamwar
- P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Anand, Gujarat 388421 India
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Singh A, Čížková M, Náhlík V, Mezricky D, Schild D, Rucki M, Vítová M. Bio-removal of rare earth elements from hazardous industrial waste of CFL bulbs by the extremophile red alga Galdieria sulphuraria. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1130848. [PMID: 36860487 PMCID: PMC9969134 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1130848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, a shift has been seen in the use of light-emitting diodes over incandescent lights and compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), which eventually led to an increase in wastes of electrical equipment (WEE), especially fluorescent lamps (FLs) and CFL light bulbs. These widely used CFL lights, and their wastes are good sources of rare earth elements (REEs), which are desirable in almost every modern technology. Increased demand for REEs and their irregular supply have exerted pressure on us to seek alternative sources that may fulfill this demand in an eco-friendly manner. Bio-removal of wastes containing REEs, and their recycling may be a solution to this problem and could balance environmental and economic benefits. To address this problem, the current study focuses on the use of the extremophilic red alga, Galdieria sulphuraria, for bioaccumulation/removal of REEs from hazardous industrial wastes of CFL bulbs and the physiological response of a synchronized culture of G. sulphuraria. A CFL acid extract significantly affected growth, photosynthetic pigments, quantum yield, and cell cycle progression of this alga. A synchronous culture was able to efficiently accumulate REEs from a CFL acid extract and efficiency was increased by including two phytohormones, i.e., 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP - Cytokinin family) and 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA - Auxin family).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Singh
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Mária Čížková
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Vít Náhlík
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia,Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Dana Mezricky
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, IMC FH Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Dominik Schild
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, IMC FH Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Marian Rucki
- Laboratory of Predictive Toxicology, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czechia
| | - Milada Vítová
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia,Centre for Phycology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia,*Correspondence: Milada Vítová,
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6
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Li Y, Li X, Liang ZP, Chang XY, Li FT, Wang XQ, Lian XJ. Progress of Microencapsulated Phycocyanin in Food and Pharma Industries: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27185854. [PMID: 36144588 PMCID: PMC9505125 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Phycocyanin is a blue fluorescent protein with multi-bioactive functions. However, the multi-bioactivities and spectral stability of phycocyanin are susceptible to external environmental conditions, which limit its wide application. Here, the structure, properties, and biological activity of phycocyanin were discussed. This review highlights the significance of the microcapsules' wall materials which commonly protect phycocyanin from environmental interference and summarizes the current preparation principles and characteristics of microcapsules in food and pharma industries, including spray drying, electrospinning, electrospraying, liposome delivery, sharp-hole coagulation baths, and ion gelation. Moreover, the major technical challenge and corresponding countermeasures of phycocyanin microencapsulation are also appraised, providing insights for the broader application of phycocyanin.
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7
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Patel SN, Sonani RR, Roy D, Singh NK, Subudhi S, Pabbi S, Madamwar D. Exploring the structural aspects and therapeutic perspectives of cyanobacterial phycobiliproteins. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:224. [PMID: 35975025 PMCID: PMC9375810 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins (PBPs) of cyanobacteria and algae possess unique light harvesting capacity which expand the photosynthetically active region (PAR) and allow them to thrive in extreme niches where higher plants cannot. PBPs of cyanobacteria/algae vary in abundance, types, amino acid composition and in structure as a function of species and the habitat that they grow in. In the present review, the key aspects of structure, stability, and spectral properties of PBPs, and their correlation with ecological niche of cyanobacteria are discussed. Besides their role in light-harvesting, PBPs possess antioxidant, anti-aging, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties, which can be used in therapeutics. Recent developments in therapeutic applications of PBPs are reviewed with special focus on 'route of PBPs administration' and 'therapeutic potential of PBP-derived peptide and chromophores'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti N. Patel
- P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Anand, Gujarat 388421 India
- Post-Graduate Department of Biosciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Sardar Patel University, Satellite Campus, Vadtal Road, Bakrol, Anand, Gujarat 388315 India
- Present Address: Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ravi R. Sonani
- Present Address: Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA
| | - Diya Roy
- Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae (CCUBGA), Division of Microbiology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Niraj Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Shree A. N. Patel PG Institute of Science and Research, Sardar Patel University, Anand, Gujarat 388001 India
- Present Address: Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Deaprtment of Science and Technology (DST), Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382011 India
| | - Sanjukta Subudhi
- The Energy and Resources Institute Darbari Seth Block, India Habitat Centre, Lodi Road, New Delhi, 110003 India
| | - Sunil Pabbi
- Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae (CCUBGA), Division of Microbiology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Datta Madamwar
- P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Anand, Gujarat 388421 India
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Stadnichuk IN, Tropin IV. Cyanidiales as Polyextreme Eukaryotes. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:472-487. [PMID: 35790381 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792205008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyanidiales were named enigmatic microalgae due to their unique polyextreme properties, considered for a very long time unattainable for eukaryotes. Cyanidiales mainly inhabit hot sulfuric springs with high acidity (pH 0-4), temperatures up to 56°C, and ability to survive in the presence of dissolved heavy metals. Owing to the minimal for eukaryotes genome size, Cyanidiales have become one of the most important research objects in plant cell physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, phylogenomics, and evolutionary biology. They play an important role in studying many aspects of oxygenic photosynthesis and chloroplasts origin. The ability to survive in stressful habitats and the corresponding metabolic pathways were acquired by Cyanidiales from archaea and bacteria via horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Thus, the possibility of gene transfer from prokaryotes to eukaryotes was discovered, which was a new step in understanding of the origin of eukaryotic cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor N Stadnichuk
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127726, Russia.
| | - Ivan V Tropin
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Puzorjov A, Mert Unal S, Wear MA, McCormick AJ. Pilot scale production, extraction and purification of a thermostable phycocyanin from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126459. [PMID: 34863843 PMCID: PMC8811538 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phycocyanin (PC) is a soluble blue pigment-protein primarily harvested from the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis. PC is in high demand from several industries, but its narrow stability range limits potential applications. Here, a pilot scale (120 L total) batch production, extraction and purification process for thermostable PC (Te-PC) from a Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 'Olive' strain expressing the PC operon cpcBACD from Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 on a self-replicating vector is presented. Batch cultivation without antibiotics had no impact on growth or Te-PC production and optimisation of growth conditions resulted in Te-PC contents of 75.3 ± 1.7 mg g DW-1. Wet biomass was harvested following chitosan-based flocculation with a 97 ± 2% efficiency, and Te-PC was extracted by high pressure homogenisation. Subsequent purification by heat-treatment and two-step ammonium sulfate precipitation removed chlorophyll and allophycocyanin contamination, resulting in Te-PC purities of 2.9 ± 0.7 and a mean Te-PC recovery of 84 ± 12%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Puzorjov
- SynthSys & Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Suleyman Mert Unal
- SynthSys & Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Martin A Wear
- The Edinburgh Protein Purification Facility, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Alistair J McCormick
- SynthSys & Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.
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Abiusi F, Trompetter E, Pollio A, Wijffels RH, Janssen M. Acid Tolerant and Acidophilic Microalgae: An Underexplored World of Biotechnological Opportunities. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:820907. [PMID: 35154060 PMCID: PMC8829295 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.820907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their large number and diversity, microalgae from only four genera are currently cultivated at large-scale. Three of those share common characteristics: they are cultivated mainly autotrophically and are extremophiles or tolerate “extreme conditions.” Extreme growth conditions aid in preventing contamination and predation of microalgae, therefore facilitating outdoor cultivation. In search for new extremophilic algae suitable for large-scale production, we investigated six microalgal strains able to grow at pH below 3 and belonging to four genera; Stichococcus bacillaris ACUF158, Chlamydomonas acidophila SAG 2045, and Chlamydomonas pitschmannii ACUF238, Viridiella fridericiana ACUF035 and Galdieria sulphuraria ACUF064 and ACUF074. All strains were cultivated autotrophically at light intensity of 100 and 300 μmol m−2 s−1 and pH between 1.9 and 2.9. The autotrophic biomass productivities were compared with one of the most productive microalgae, Chlorella sorokiniana SAG 211-8K, grown at pH 6.8. The acid tolerant strains have their autotrophic biomass productivities reported for the first time. Mixotrophic and heterotrophic properties were investigated when possible. Five of the tested strains displayed autotrophic biomass productivities 10–39% lower than Chlorella sorokiniana but comparable with other commercially relevant neutrophilic microalgae, indicating the potential of these microalgae for autotrophic biomass production under acidic growth conditions. Two acid tolerant species, S. bacillaris and C. acidophila were able to grow mixotrophically with glucose. Chlamydomonas acidophila and the two Galdieria strains were also cultivated heterotrophically with glucose at various temperatures. Chlamydomonas acidophila failed to grow at 37°C, while G. sulphuraria ACUF64 showed a temperature optimum of 37°C and G. sulphuraria ACUF74 of 42°C. For each strain, the biomass yield on glucose decreased when cultivated above their optimal temperature. The possible biotechnological applications of our findings will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Abiusi
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Fabian Abiusi,
| | - Egbert Trompetter
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Antonino Pollio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rene H. Wijffels
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Marcel Janssen
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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12
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Puzorjov A, Dunn KE, McCormick AJ. Production of thermostable phycocyanin in a mesophilic cyanobacterium. Metab Eng Commun 2021; 13:e00175. [PMID: 34168957 PMCID: PMC8209669 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2021.e00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanin (PC) is a soluble phycobiliprotein found within the light-harvesting phycobilisome complex of cyanobacteria and red algae, and is considered a high-value product due to its brilliant blue colour and fluorescent properties. However, commercially available PC has a relatively low temperature stability. Thermophilic species produce more thermostable variants of PC, but are challenging and energetically expensive to cultivate. Here, we show that the PC operon from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 (cpcBACD) is functional in the mesophile Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Expression of cpcBACD in an 'Olive' mutant strain of Synechocystis lacking endogenous PC resulted in high yields of thermostable PC (112 ± 1 mg g-1 DW) comparable to that of endogenous PC in wild-type cells. Heterologous PC also improved the growth of the Olive mutant, which was further supported by evidence of a functional interaction with the endogenous allophycocyanin core of the phycobilisome complex. The thermostability properties of the heterologous PC were comparable to those of PC from T. elongatus, and could be purified from the Olive mutant using a low-cost heat treatment method. Finally, we developed a scalable model to calculate the energetic benefits of producing PC from T. elongatus in Synechocystis cultures. Our model showed that the higher yields and lower cultivation temperatures of Synechocystis resulted in a 3.5-fold increase in energy efficiency compared to T. elongatus, indicating that producing thermostable PC in non-native hosts is a cost-effective strategy for scaling to commercial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Puzorjov
- SynthSys & Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Katherine E. Dunn
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3DW, UK
| | - Alistair J. McCormick
- SynthSys & Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
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13
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Wan M, Zhao H, Guo J, Yan L, Zhang D, Bai W, Li Y. Comparison of C-phycocyanin from extremophilic Galdieria sulphuraria and Spirulina platensis on stability and antioxidant capacity. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Mishima K, Shoji M, Umena Y, Boero M, Shigeta Y. Estimation of the relative contributions to the electronic energy transfer rates based on Förster theory: The case of C-phycocyanin chromophores. Biophys Physicobiol 2021; 18:196-214. [PMID: 34552842 PMCID: PMC8421246 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v18.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we provide a reformulation of the theory originally proposed by Förster which allows for simple and convenient formulas useful to estimate the relative contributions of transition dipole moments of a donor and acceptor (chemical factors), their orientation factors (intermolecular structural factors), intermolecular center-to-center distances (intermolecular structural factors), spectral overlaps of absorption and emission spectra (photophysical factors), and refractive index (material factor) to the excitation energy transfer (EET) rate constant. To benchmark their validity, we focused on the EET occurring in C-phycocyanin (C-PC) chromophores. To this aim, we resorted to quantum chemistry calculations to get optimized molecular structures of the C-PC chromophores within the density functional theory (DFT) framework. The absorption and emission spectra, as well as transition dipole moments, were computed by using the time-dependent DFT (TDDFT). Our method was applied to several types of C-PCs showing that the EET rates are determined by an interplay of their specific physical, chemical, and geometrical features. These results show that our formulas can become a useful tool for a reliable estimation of the relative contributions of the factors regulating the EET transfer rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Mishima
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shoji
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.,JST-PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Umena
- Department of Physiology, Division of Biophysics, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Mauro Boero
- University of Strasbourg, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, France
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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15
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Pez Jaeschke D, Rocha Teixeira I, Damasceno Ferreira Marczak L, Domeneghini Mercali G. Phycocyanin from Spirulina: A review of extraction methods and stability. Food Res Int 2021; 143:110314. [PMID: 33992333 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Phycocyanin (C-PC) application by the industry is still limited due to extraction methods drawbacks and to the low stability of these compounds after the extraction process. To overcome such limitations, alternative extraction methodologies have been evaluated, and stabilizing agents have been used under different conditions in the past years. Therefore, the aim of this review was to bring the state of the art of C-PC extraction methods, including main parameters that affect the extraction process and cell disruption mechanisms, as well as the physical and chemical parameters that may influence C-PC stability. Stabilizing agents have been used to avoid C-PC content degradation during storage and food processing. A critical analysis of the extraction methods indicated that pulsed electric field (PEF) is a promising technology for C-PC extraction since the extracts present relative high C-PC concentration and purity. Other methods either result in low purity extracts or are time demanding. Regarding stabilizing agents, natural polymers and sugars are potential compounds to be used in food formulations to avoid color and antioxidant activity losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Pez Jaeschke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 2777, Ramiro Barcelos St., Porto Alegre, RS 90.035-007, Brazil.
| | - Ingrid Rocha Teixeira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 2777, Ramiro Barcelos St., Porto Alegre, RS 90.035-007, Brazil
| | - Ligia Damasceno Ferreira Marczak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 2777, Ramiro Barcelos St., Porto Alegre, RS 90.035-007, Brazil.
| | - Giovana Domeneghini Mercali
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 9500, Bento Gonçalves Av., Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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