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Li DX, Guo Q, Yang YX, Jiang SJ, Ji XJ, Ye C, Wang YT, Shi TQ. Recent Advances and Multiple Strategies of Monoterpenoid Overproduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1647-1662. [PMID: 38860708 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Monoterpenoids are an important subclass of terpenoids that play important roles in the energy, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and fragrances fields. With the development of biotechnology, microbial synthesis of monoterpenoids has received great attention. Yeasts such Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica are emerging as potential hosts for monoterpenoids production because of unique advantages including rapid growth cycles, mature gene editing tools, and clear genetic background. Recently, advancements in metabolic engineering and fermentation engineering have significantly enhanced the accumulation of monoterpenoids in cell factories. First, this review introduces the biosynthetic pathway of monoterpenoids and comprehensively summarizes the latest production strategies, which encompass enhancing precursor flux, modulating the expression of rate-limited enzymes, suppressing competitive pathway flux, mitigating cytotoxicity, optimizing substrate utilization, and refining the fermentation process. Subsequently, this review introduces four representative monoterpenoids. Finally, we outline the future prospects for efficient construction cell factories tailored for the production of monoterpenoids and other terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xun Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xin Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Jie Jiang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ye
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Tong Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Qiong Shi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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Nguyen PT, Nguyen-Thi TU, Nguyen HT, Pham MN, Nguyen TT. Halophilic lactic acid bacteria - Play a vital role in the fermented food industry. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:305-321. [PMID: 38372951 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Halophilic lactic acid bacteria have been widely found in various high-salt fermented foods. The distribution of these species in salt-fermented foods contributes significantly to the development of the product's flavor. Besides, these bacteria also have the ability to biosynthesize bioactive components which potentially apply to different areas. In this review, insights into the metabolic properties, salt stress responses, and potential applications of these bacteria have been have been elucidated. The purpose of this review highlights the important role of halophilic lactic acid bacteria in improving the quality and safety of salt-fermented products and explores the potential application of these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phu-Tho Nguyen
- An Giang University, An Giang, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Huu-Thanh Nguyen
- An Giang University, An Giang, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh-Nhut Pham
- Hutech Institute of Applied Science, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Tho Nguyen
- Hutech Institute of Applied Science, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Zhao C, Wang X, Lu X, Zong H, Zhuge B. Spatiotemporal Regulation and Transport Engineering for Sustainable Production of Geraniol in Candida glycerinogenes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4825-4833. [PMID: 38408332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Geraniol is an attractive natural monoterpene with significant industrial and commercial value in the fields of pharmaceuticals, condiments, cosmetics, and bioenergy. The biosynthesis of monoterpenes suffers from the availability of key intermediates and enzyme-to-substrate accessibility. Here, we addressed these challenges in Candida glycerinogenes by a plasma membrane-anchoring strategy and achieved sustainable biosynthesis of geraniol using bagasse hydrolysate as substrate. On this basis, a remarkable 2.4-fold improvement in geraniol titer was achieved by combining spatial and temporal modulation strategies. In addition, enhanced geraniol transport and modulation of membrane lipid-associated metabolism effectively promoted the exocytosis of toxic monoterpenes, significantly improved the resistance of the engineered strain to monoterpenes and improved the growth of the strains, resulting in geraniol yield up to 1207.4 mg L-1 at shake flask level. Finally, 1835.2 mg L-1 geraniol was obtained in a 5 L bioreactor using undetoxified bagasse hydrolysate. Overall, our study has provided valuable insights into the plasma membrane engineering of C. glycerinogenes for the sustainable and green production of valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Research Centre of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - XiHui Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Research Centre of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - XinYao Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Research Centre of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hong Zong
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Research Centre of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bin Zhuge
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Research Centre of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Marei WFA, Mohey-Elsaeed O, Pintelon I, Leroy JLMR. Risks of using mitoquinone during in vitro maturation and its potential protective effects against lipotoxicity-induced oocyte mitochondrial stress. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:371-383. [PMID: 38146030 PMCID: PMC10894804 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02994-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play central roles in reduced oocyte quality and infertility in obese patients. Mitochondria-targeted treatments containing co-enzyme Q10 such as mitoquinone (MitoQ) can increase mitochondrial antioxidative capacity; however, their safety and efficiency when supplemented to oocytes under lipotoxic conditions have not been described. METHODS We tested the effect of different concentrations of MitoQ or its cationic carrier (TPP) (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 μM each) during bovine oocyte IVM. Then, we tested the protective capacity of MitoQ (0.1 μM) against palmitic acid (PA)-induced lipotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction in oocytes. RESULTS Exposure to MitoQ, or TPP only, at 1 μM significantly (P<0.05) reduced oocyte mitochondrial inner membrane potential (JC-1 staining) and resulted in reduced cleavage and blastocyst rates compared with solvent control. Lower concentrations of MitoQ or TPP had no effects on embryo development under control (PA-free) conditions. As expected, PA increased the levels of MMP and ROS in oocytes (CellROX staining) and reduced cleavage and blastocyst rates compared with the controls (P<0.05). These negative effects were ameliorated by 0.1 μM MitoQ. In contrast, 0.1 μM TPP alone had no protective effects. MitoQ also normalized the expression of HSP10 and TFAM, and partially normalized HSP60 in the produced blastocysts, indicating at least a partial alleviation of PA-induced mitochondrial stress. CONCLUSION Oocyte exposure to MitoQ may disturb mitochondrial bioenergetic functions and developmental capacity due to a TPP-induced cationic overload. A fine-tuned concentration of MitoQ can protect against lipotoxicity-induced mitochondrial stress during IVM and restore developmental competence and embryo quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed F A Marei
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Omnia Mohey-Elsaeed
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Isabel Pintelon
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jo L M R Leroy
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Flerova EA, Yurchenko VV, Morozov AA, Evdokimov EG, Bogdanova AA, Alekseev MY, Sendek DS, Titov SF. Histology and Ultrastructure of the Nephron and Kidney Interstitial Cells in the Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar Linnaeus 1758) at Different Stages of Life Cycle. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050750. [PMID: 37237562 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This article presents data on the mesonephros histology and ultrastructure in the Atlantic salmon from the Baltic Sea and Barents Sea populations, with an emphasis on comparisons between the following ontogenetic stages: parr, smolting, adult life at sea, the adults' return to their natal river to spawn, and spawning. The ultrastructural changes in the renal corpuscle and cells of the proximal tubules of the nephron occurred as early as the smolting stage. Such changes reflect fundamental alterations during the pre-adaptation to life in saltwater. In the Barents Sea population, the adult salmon sampled in the sea had the smallest diameters of the renal corpuscle and proximal and distal tubules, the most narrow urinary space, and the thickest basement membrane. In the group of salmon that entered the mouth of the river and spent less than 24 h in freshwater, the structural rearrangements occurred only in the distal tubules. Better development of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and a greater abundance of mitochondria in the tubule cells were observed in the adult salmon from the Barents Sea compared to those from the Baltic Sea. Cell-immunity activation was initiated during the parr-smolt transformation. Another pronounced innate-immunity response was registered in the adults returning to the river to spawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Flerova
- Faculty of Biology and Ecology, P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya St. 14, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
| | - Victoria V Yurchenko
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, IBIW 109, Borok 152742, Russia
| | - Alexey A Morozov
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, IBIW 109, Borok 152742, Russia
| | - Evgeniy G Evdokimov
- Faculty of Biology and Ecology, P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya St. 14, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
| | - Alena A Bogdanova
- Yaroslavl Scientific Research Institute of Livestock Breeding and Forage Production-Federal State Budget Sciences Institution "Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology", Lenin St. 1, Mikhailovskiy, Yaroslavl 157517, Russia
| | - Maksim Yu Alekseev
- Polar Branch of FSBSI "VNIRO" ("PINRO" Named after N.M. Knipovich), 6 Akademika Knipovicha St., Murmansk 183038, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Sendek
- Federal Agency for Fishery, Russian Federal "Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography" "VNIRO", Saint Petersburg Branch of VNIRO ("GosNIORKH" Named after L.S. Berg), Naberezhnaya Makarova St. 26, St. Petersburg 199053, Russia
| | - Sergey F Titov
- Federal Agency for Fishery, Russian Federal "Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography" "VNIRO", Saint Petersburg Branch of VNIRO ("GosNIORKH" Named after L.S. Berg), Naberezhnaya Makarova St. 26, St. Petersburg 199053, Russia
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Austin S, Mekis R, Mohammed SEM, Scalise M, Wang W, Galluccio M, Pfeiffer C, Borovec T, Parapatics K, Vitko D, Dinhopl N, Demaurex N, Bennett KL, Indiveri C, Nowikovsky K. TMBIM5 is the Ca 2+ /H + antiporter of mammalian mitochondria. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54978. [PMID: 36321428 PMCID: PMC9724676 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202254978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+ ions are crucial regulators of bioenergetics and cell death pathways. Mitochondrial Ca2+ content and cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis strictly depend on Ca2+ transporters. In recent decades, the major players responsible for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and release have been identified, except the mitochondrial Ca2+ /H+ exchanger (CHE). Originally identified as the mitochondrial K+ /H+ exchanger, LETM1 was also considered as a candidate for the mitochondrial CHE. Defining the mitochondrial interactome of LETM1, we identify TMBIM5/MICS1, the only mitochondrial member of the TMBIM family, and validate the physical interaction of TMBIM5 and LETM1. Cell-based and cell-free biochemical assays demonstrate the absence or greatly reduced Na+ -independent mitochondrial Ca2+ release in TMBIM5 knockout or pH-sensing site mutants, respectively, and pH-dependent Ca2+ transport by recombinant TMBIM5. Taken together, we demonstrate that TMBIM5, but not LETM1, is the long-sought mitochondrial CHE, involved in setting and regulating the mitochondrial proton gradient. This finding provides the final piece of the puzzle of mitochondrial Ca2+ transporters and opens the door to exploring its importance in health and disease, and to developing drugs modulating Ca2+ exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Austin
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Present address:
Department of Biological & Chemical SciencesThe University of the West Indies, Cave Hill CampusCave HillBarbados
| | - Ronald Mekis
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sami E M Mohammed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular BiotechnologyUniversity of CalabriaArcavacata di RendeItaly
| | - Wen‐An Wang
- Department of Cell Physiology & MetabolismUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Michele Galluccio
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular BiotechnologyUniversity of CalabriaArcavacata di RendeItaly
| | - Christina Pfeiffer
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Tamara Borovec
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Katja Parapatics
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Dijana Vitko
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Nora Dinhopl
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of PathologyUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria
| | - Nicolas Demaurex
- Department of Cell Physiology & MetabolismUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Keiryn L Bennett
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular BiotechnologyUniversity of CalabriaArcavacata di RendeItaly
- CNR Institute of BiomembranesBioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM)BariItaly
| | - Karin Nowikovsky
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
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Zhang Y, Cao X, Wang J, Tang F. Enhancement of linalool production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by utilizing isopentenol utilization pathway. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:212. [PMID: 36243714 PMCID: PMC9571491 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linalool is a monoterpenoid, also a vital silvichemical with commercial applications in cosmetics, flavoring ingredients, and medicines. Regulation of mevalonate (MVA) pathway metabolic flux is a common strategy to engineer Saccharomyces cerevisiae for efficient linalool production. However, metabolic regulation of the MVA pathway is complex and involves competition for central carbon metabolism, resulting in limited contents of target metabolites. RESULTS In this study, first, a truncated linalool synthase (t26AaLS1) from Actinidia arguta was selected for the production of linalool in S. cerevisiae. To simplify the complexity of the metabolic regulation of the MVA pathway and increase the flux of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP), we introduced the two-step isopentenyl utilization pathway (IUP) into S. cerevisiae, which could produce large amounts of IPP/DMAPP. Further, the S. cerevisiae IDI1 (ecoding isopentenyl diphosphate delta-isomerase) and ERG20F96W-N127W (encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase) genes were integrated into the yeast genome, combined with the strategies of copy number variation of the t26AaLS1 and ERG20F96W-N127W genes to increase the metabolic flux of the downstream IPP, as well as optimization of isoprenol and prenol concentrations, resulting in a 4.8-fold increase in the linalool titer. Eventually, under the optimization of carbon sources and Mg2+ addition, a maximum linalool titer of 142.88 mg/L was obtained in the two-phase extractive shake flask fermentation. CONCLUSIONS The results show that the efficient synthesis of linalool in S. cerevisiae could be achieved through a two-step pathway, gene expression adjustment, and optimization of culture conditions. The study may provide a valuable reference for the other monoterpenoid production in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, No. 8 Futong Dongdajie, Wangjing, Beijing, 100102, Chaoyang District, China
| | - Xianshuang Cao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, No. 8 Futong Dongdajie, Wangjing, Beijing, 100102, Chaoyang District, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, No. 8 Futong Dongdajie, Wangjing, Beijing, 100102, Chaoyang District, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, No. 8 Futong Dongdajie, Wangjing, Beijing, 100102, Chaoyang District, China.
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Taugbøl A, Solbakken MH, Jakobsen KS, Vøllestad LA. Salinity-induced transcriptome profiles in marine and freshwater threespine stickleback after an abrupt 6-hour exposure. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9395. [PMID: 36311407 PMCID: PMC9596333 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Saltwater and freshwater environments have opposing physiological challenges, yet, there are fish species that are able to enter both habitats during short time spans, and as individuals they must therefore adjust quickly to osmoregulatory contrasts. In this study, we conducted an experiment to test for plastic responses to abrupt salinity changes in two populations of threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, representing two ecotypes (freshwater and ancestral saltwater). We exposed both ecotypes to abrupt native (control treatment) and non-native salinities (0‰ and 30‰) and sampled gill tissue for transcriptomic analyses after 6 h of exposure. To investigate genomic responses to salinity, we analyzed four different comparisons; one for each ecotype (in their control and exposure salinity; (1) and (2), one between ecotypes in their control salinity (3), and the fourth comparison included all transcripts identified in (3) that did not show any expressional changes within ecotype in either the control or the exposed salinity (4)). Abrupt salinity transfer affected the expression of 10 and 1530 transcripts for the saltwater and freshwater ecotype, respectively, and 1314 were differentially expressed between the controls, including 502 that were not affected by salinity within ecotype (fixed expression). In total, these results indicate that factors other than genomic expressional plasticity are important for osmoregulation in stickleback, due to the need for opposite physiological pathways to survive the abrupt change in salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Taugbøl
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES)University of OsloBlindernNorway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)LillehammerNorway
| | - Monica Hongrø Solbakken
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES)University of OsloBlindernNorway
| | - Kjetill S. Jakobsen
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES)University of OsloBlindernNorway
| | - Leif Asbjørn Vøllestad
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES)University of OsloBlindernNorway
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