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Alves D, Neves A, Vecchi L, Souza T, Vaz E, Mota S, Nicolau-Junior N, Goulart L, Araújo T. Rho GTPase activating protein 21-mediated regulation of prostate cancer associated 3 gene in prostate cancer cell. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13190. [PMID: 38896642 PMCID: PMC11186590 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of the prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) gene is well-defined as a marker for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. Although widely used in clinical research, PCA3 molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Herein we used phage display technology to identify putative molecules that bind to the promoter region of PCA3 gene and regulate its expression. The most frequent peptide PCA3p1 (80%) was similar to the Rho GTPase activating protein 21 (ARHGAP21) and its binding affinity was confirmed using Phage Bead ELISA. We showed that ARHGAP21 silencing in LNCaP prostate cancer cells decreased PCA3 and androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional levels and increased prune homolog 2 (PRUNE2) coding gene expression, indicating effective involvement of ARHGAP21 in androgen-dependent tumor pathway. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed the interaction between PCA3 promoter region and ARHGAP21. This is the first study that described the role of ARHGAP21 in regulating the PCA3 gene under the androgenic pathway, standing out as a new mechanism of gene regulatory control during prostatic oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.A. Alves
- Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas, MG, Brasil
- Laboratório de Nanobiotechnologia Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Instituto de Biotechnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - A.F. Neves
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Catalão, Catalão, GO, Brasil
| | - L. Vecchi
- Laboratório de Nanobiotechnologia Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Instituto de Biotechnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - T.A. Souza
- Laboratório de Nanobiotechnologia Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Instituto de Biotechnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - E.R. Vaz
- Laboratório de Nanobiotechnologia Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Instituto de Biotechnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - S.T.S. Mota
- Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas, MG, Brasil
- Laboratório de Nanobiotechnologia Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Instituto de Biotechnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - N. Nicolau-Junior
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - L.R. Goulart
- Laboratório de Nanobiotechnologia Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Instituto de Biotechnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - T.G. Araújo
- Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas, MG, Brasil
- Laboratório de Nanobiotechnologia Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Instituto de Biotechnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
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Fu MS, Pan SX, Cai XQ, Lv CT, Pan QC. ARHGAP4 Inhibits Proliferation and Growth of SW620 Colon Cancer Cells by Cell Cycle and Differentiation Pathways. SCIENTIFICA 2024; 2024:5791613. [PMID: 38938545 PMCID: PMC11208814 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5791613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism by which ARHGAP4 regulates the proliferation and growth of colon cancer cells, and it relates to the metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Various techniques including western blot, CCK8, qRT-PCR, RNA seq assay, plate cloning, subcutaneous tumorigenesis assays, and bioinformatics tools were employed to identify genes that were upregulated or downregulated upon ARHGAP4 knockdown and their involvement in tumor cell proliferation and growth. The expression of ARHGAP4 in T and M stages of CRC uses immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of ARHGAP4 were found to be high in SW620, SW480, and HCT116 cell lines, while they were being low in HT29, LoVo, and NCM460 cell lines. Depletion of ARHGAP4 resulted in inhibited proliferation and growth in SW620 cells and inhibited subcutaneous tumorigenesis in nude mice, whereas overexpression of ARHGAP4 promoted proliferation and growth in HT29 cells and promoted subcutaneous tumorigenesis in nude mice. A total of 318 upregulated genes and 637 downregulated genes were identified in SW620 cells upon ARHGAP4 knockdown. The downregulated genes were primarily associated with cell cycle pathways, while the upregulated genes were enriched in differentiation-related pathways. Notable upregulated genes involved in cell differentiation included KRT10, KRT13, KRT16, IVL, and CD24, while significant downregulation was observed in genes related to the cell cycle such as CCNA2, CDKN2C, CDKN3, CENPA, and CENPF. ARHGAP4 expression is markedly elevated in the M1 stage of CRC compared to the M0 stage, suggesting ARHGAP4 linked to the metastatic in CRC. ARHGAP4 regulates the proliferation and growth of colon cancer cells by up- and downregulated cell cycle and differentiation-related molecules, which may be related to the metastasis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Sheng Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Fudan University, No. 801, Heqing Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shu-Xian Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xun-Quan Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Fudan University, No. 801, Heqing Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Cui-Ting Lv
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qin-Cong Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Fudan University, No. 801, Heqing Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
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Kouchi Z, Kojima M. A Structural Network Analysis of Neuronal ArhGAP21/23 Interactors by Computational Modeling. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19249-19264. [PMID: 37305272 PMCID: PMC10249030 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RhoGTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs) play multiple roles in neuronal development; however, details of their substrate recognition system remain elusive. ArhGAP21 and ArhGAP23 are RhoGAPs that contain N-terminal PDZ and pleckstrin homology domains. In the present study, the RhoGAP domain of these ArhGAPs was computationally modeled by template-based methods and the AlphaFold2 software program, and their intrinsic RhoGTPase recognition mechanism was analyzed from the domain structures using the protein docking programs HADDOCK and HDOCK. ArhGAP21 was predicted to preferentially catalyze Cdc42, RhoA, RhoB, RhoC, and RhoG and to downregulate RhoD and Tc10 activities. Regarding ArhGAP23, RhoA and Cdc42 were deduced to be its substrates, whereas RhoD downregulation was predicted to be less efficient. The PDZ domains of ArhGAP21/23 possess the FTLRXXXVY sequence, and similar globular folding consists of antiparalleled β-sheets and two α-helices that are conserved with PDZ domains of MAST-family proteins. A peptide docking analysis revealed the specific interaction of the ArhGAP23 PDZ domain with the PTEN C-terminus. The pleckstrin homology domain structure of ArhGAP23 was also predicted, and the functional selectivity for the interactors regulated by the folding and disordered domains in ArhGAP21 and ArhGAP23 was examined by an in silico analysis. An interaction analysis of these RhoGAPs revealed the existence of mammalian ArhGAP21/23-specific type I and type III Arf- and RhoGTPase-regulated signaling. Multiple recognition systems of RhoGTPase substrates and selective Arf-dependent localization of ArhGAP21/23 may form the basis of the functional core signaling necessary for synaptic homeostasis and axon/dendritic transport regulated by RhoGAP localization and activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zen Kouchi
- Department
of Genetics, Institute for Developmental
Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, 713-8 Kamiya-cho, Kasugai-city 480-0392 Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaki Kojima
- Laboratory
of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji 192-0392, Japan
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Lazarini M, Assis-Mendonça GR, Machado-Neto JA, Latuf-Filho P, Bezerra SM, Vieira KP, Saad STO. Silencing of ARHGAP21, a Rho GTPase activating protein (RhoGAP), reduces the growth of prostate cancer xenografts in NOD/SCID mice. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119439. [PMID: 36764390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lazarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Latuf-Filho
- Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (Ciped), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Karla Priscila Vieira
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Xiao H, Wang G, Zhao M, Shuai W, Ouyang L, Sun Q. Ras superfamily GTPase activating proteins in cancer: Potential therapeutic targets? Eur J Med Chem 2023; 248:115104. [PMID: 36641861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
To search more therapeutic strategies for Ras-mutant tumors, regulators of the Ras superfamily involved in the GTP/GDP (guanosine triphosphate/guanosine diphosphate) cycle have been well concerned for their anti-tumor potentials. GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) provide the catalytic group necessary for the hydrolysis of GTPs, which accelerate the switch by cycling between GTP-bound active and GDP-bound inactive forms. Inactivated GAPs lose their function in activating GTPase, leading to the continuous activation of downstream signaling pathways, uncontrolled cell proliferation, and eventually carcinogenesis. A growing number of evidence has shown the close link between GAPs and human tumors, and as a result, GAPs are believed as potential anti-tumor targets. The present review mainly summarizes the critically important role of GAPs in human tumors by introducing the classification, function and regulatory mechanism. Moreover, we comprehensively describe the relationship between dysregulated GAPs and the certain type of tumor. Finally, the current status, research progress, and clinical value of GAPs as therapeutic targets are also discussed, as well as the challenges and future direction in the cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wen Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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6
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Wang Z, Wu S, Wang G, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Zhu C, Qin X. ARHGAP21 Is Involved in the Carcinogenic Mechanism of Cholangiocarcinoma: A Study Based on Bioinformatic Analyses and Experimental Validation. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59010139. [PMID: 36676763 PMCID: PMC9867224 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Rho GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP) is a negative regulatory element of Rho GTPases and participates in tumorigenesis. Rho GTPase-activating protein 21 (ARHGAP21) is one of the RhoGAPs and its role in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has never been disclosed in any publications. Materials and Methods: The bioinformatics public datasets were utilized to investigate the expression patterns and mutations of ARHGAP21 as well as its prognostic significance in CCA. The biological functions of ARHGAP21 in CCA cells (RBE and Hccc9810 cell) were evaluated by scratch assay, cell counting kit-8 assay (CCK8) assay, and transwell migration assay. In addition, the underlying mechanism of ARHGAP21 involved in CCA was investigated by the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, and the most significant signaling pathway was identified through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and the Western blot method. The ssGSEA algorithm was further used to explore the immune-related mechanism of ARHGAP21 in CCA. Results: The ARHGAP21 expression in CCA tissue was higher than it was in normal tissue, and missense mutation was the main alteration of ARHGAP21 in CCA. Moreover, the expression of ARHGAP21 had obvious differences in patients with different clinical characteristics and it had great prognostic significance. Based on cell experiments, we further observed that the proliferation ability and migration ability of the ARHGAP21-knockdown group was reduced in CCA cells. Several pathological signaling pathways correlated with proliferation and migration were determined by GO and KEGG analysis. Furthermore, the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was the most significant one. GSEA analysis further verified that ARHGAP21 was highly enriched in PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and the results of Western blot suggested that the phosphorylated PI3K and Akt were decreased in the ARHGAP21-knockdown group. The drug susceptibility of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway targeted drugs were positively correlated with ARHGAP21 expression. Moreover, we also discovered that ARHGAP21 was correlated with neutrophil, pDC, and mast cell infiltration as well as immune-related genes in CCA. Conclusions: ARHGAP21 could promote the proliferation and migration of CCA cells by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and ARHGAP21 may participate in the immune modulating function of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihuai Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
- Graduate School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Siyuan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
- Graduate School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Gaochao Wang
- Graduate School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Graduate School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yinjie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
- Graduate School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chunfu Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
- Graduate School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (X.Q.)
| | - Xihu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
- Graduate School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (X.Q.)
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A current overview of RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC functions in vascular biology and pathology. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fu MS, Pan SX, Cai XQ, Hu YX, Zhang WJ, Pan QC. Analysis of ARHGAP4 Expression With Colorectal Cancer Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:899837. [PMID: 35847897 PMCID: PMC9278087 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.899837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to analyze the correlation between ARHGAP4 in the expression and clinical characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC), and the influence of ARHGAP4 expression on the prognosis of CRC, and to evaluate whether ARHGAP4 is a potential prognostic oncotarget for CRC. Methods ARHGAP4 was identified using the Gene Expression Omnibus database through weighted gene coexpression network analysis. Using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis to perform and analyze the expression and prognosis of ARHGAP4 in CRC. The expression of AGRGAP4 and immune cells was analyzed by the Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource online database. Finally, immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression difference and prognosis of ARHGAP4 in CRC and adjacent normal tissues, as well as the relationship between AGRGAP4 expression and clinical features of CRC. Results We identified ARHGAP4 that is related to the recurrence of CRC from GSE97781 data. ARHGAP4 has not been reported in CRC. The high expression of ARHGAP4 in select colon adenocarcinoma indicates a poor prognosis by database analysis. In our clinical data results, ARHGAP4 is highly expressed in CRC and lowly expressed in normal tissues adjacent to cancer. Compared with the low-expression group, the high-expression group has a significantly poorer prognosis. In colon cancer, the B-cell, macrophage, neutrophil, and dendritic-cell levels are downregulated after ARHGAP4 gene knockout; the levels of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, and dendritic cells are upregulated after the amplification of the ARHGAP4 gene. In addition, ARHGAP4 expression is related to N,M staging and clinical staging. Conclusion ARHGAP4 is highly expressed in CRC, and the high expression of ARHGAP4 has a poor prognosis. The expression of ARHGAP4 in CRC is related to the immune cells such as B cells, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. ARHGAP4 is correlated with N,M staging and clinical staging in CRC. ARHGAP4 may be a potential biomarker for the prognosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-sheng Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ming-sheng Fu, ; Qin-cong Pan,
| | - Shu-xian Pan
- Department of Nephrology of Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun-quan Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-xin Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin-cong Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ming-sheng Fu, ; Qin-cong Pan,
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9
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RhoA Signaling in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091520. [PMID: 35563826 PMCID: PMC9103838 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) is a small GTPase of the Rho family involved in regulating multiple signal transduction pathways that influence a diverse range of cellular functions. RhoA and many of its downstream effector proteins are highly expressed in the nervous system, implying an important role for RhoA signaling in neurons and glial cells. Indeed, emerging evidence points toward a role of aberrant RhoA signaling in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of RhoA regulation and downstream cellular functions with an emphasis on the role of RhoA signaling in neurodegenerative diseases and the therapeutic potential of RhoA inhibition in neurodegeneration.
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Azam H, Pierro L, Reina M, Gallagher WM, Prencipe M. Emerging role for the Serum Response Factor (SRF) as a potential therapeutic target in cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:155-169. [PMID: 35114091 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2032652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Serum Response Factor (SRF) is a transcription factor involved in three hallmarks of cancer: the promotion of cell proliferation, cell death resistance and invasion and metastasis induction. Many studies have demonstrated a leading role in the development and progression of multiple cancer types, thus highlighting the potential of SRF as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target, especially for cancers with poor prognosis. AREAS COVERED This review examines the role of SRF in several cancers in promoting cellular processes associated with cancer development and progression. SRF co-factors and signalling pathways are discussed as possible targets to inhibit SRF in a tissue and cancer-specific way. Small-molecule inhibitors of SRF, such as the CCGs series of compounds and lestaurtinib, which could be used as cancer therapeutics, are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Targeting of SRF and its co-factors represents a promising therapeutic approach. Further understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the action of SRF could provide a pipeline of novel molecular targets and therapeutic combinations for cancer. Basket clinical trials and the use of SRF immunohistochemistry as companion diagnostics will help testing of these new targets in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleema Azam
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, D4, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lisa Pierro
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, D4, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martina Reina
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, D4, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William M Gallagher
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, D4, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maria Prencipe
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, D4, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D4, Dublin, Ireland
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11
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Fixing the GAP: the role of RhoGAPs in cancer. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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12
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Comer SP. Turning Platelets Off and On: Role of RhoGAPs and RhoGEFs in Platelet Activity. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:820945. [PMID: 35071371 PMCID: PMC8770426 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.820945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet cytoskeletal reorganisation is a critical component of platelet activation and thrombus formation in haemostasis. The Rho GTPases RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 are the primary drivers in the dynamic reorganisation process, leading to the development of filopodia and lamellipodia which dramatically increase platelet surface area upon activation. Rho GTPases cycle between their active (GTP-bound) and inactive (GDP-bound) states through tightly regulated processes, central to which are the guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). GEFs catalyse the dissociation of GDP by inducing changes in the nucleotide binding site, facilitating GTP binding and activating Rho GTPases. By contrast, while all GTPases possess intrinsic hydrolysing activity, this reaction is extremely slow. Therefore, GAPs catalyse the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP, reverting Rho GTPases to their inactive state. Our current knowledge of these proteins is constantly being updated but there is considerably less known about the functionality of Rho GTPase specific GAPs and GEFs in platelets. In the present review, we discuss GAP and GEF proteins for Rho GTPases identified in platelets, their regulation, biological function and present a case for their further study in platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane P Comer
- ConwaySPHERE Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Pissarra MF, Torello CO, Gomes RGB, Shiraishi RN, Santos I, Vieira Ferro KP, Lopes MR, Bergamo Favaro PM, Olalla Saad ST, Lazarini M. Arhgap21 Deficiency Results in Increase of Osteoblastic Lineage Cells in the Murine Bone Marrow Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:718560. [PMID: 34917608 PMCID: PMC8670086 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.718560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ARHGAP21 is a member of the RhoGAP family of proteins involved in cell growth, differentiation, and adhesion. We have previously shown that the heterozygous Arhgap21 knockout mouse model (Arhgap21+/-) presents several alterations in the hematopoietic compartment, including increased frequency of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) with impaired adhesion in vitro, increased mobilization to peripheral blood, and decreased engraftment after bone marrow transplantation. Although these HSPC functions strongly depend on their interactions with the components of the bone marrow (BM) niche, the role of ARHGAP21 in the marrow microenvironment has not yet been explored. In this study, we investigated the composition and function of the BM microenvironment in Arhgap21+/- mice. The BM of Arhgap21+/- mice presented a significant increase in the frequency of phenotypic osteoblastic lineage cells, with no differences in the frequencies of multipotent stromal cells or endothelial cells when compared to the BM of wild type mice. Arhgap21+/- BM cells had increased capacity of generating osteogenic colony-forming units (CFU-OB) in vitro and higher levels of osteocalcin were detected in the Arhgap21+/- BM supernatant. Increased expression of Col1a1, Ocn and decreased expression of Trap1 were observed after osteogenic differentiation of Arhgap21+/- BM cells. In addition, Arhgap21+/- mice recipients of normal BM cells showed decreased leucocyte numbers during transplantation recovery. Our data suggest participation of ARHGAP21 in the balanced composition of the BM microenvironment through the regulation of osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Irene Santos
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Patricia Maria Bergamo Favaro
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences-Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Lazarini
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences-Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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CdGAP promotes prostate cancer metastasis by regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1042. [PMID: 34493786 PMCID: PMC8423782 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High mortality of prostate cancer patients is primarily due to metastasis. Understanding the mechanisms controlling metastatic processes remains essential to develop novel therapies designed to prevent the progression from localized disease to metastasis. CdGAP plays important roles in the control of cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation, which are central to cancer progression. Here we show that elevated CdGAP expression is associated with early biochemical recurrence and bone metastasis in prostate cancer patients. Knockdown of CdGAP in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) PC-3 and 22Rv1 cells reduces cell motility, invasion, and proliferation while inducing apoptosis in CdGAP-depleted PC-3 cells. Conversely, overexpression of CdGAP in DU-145, 22Rv1, and LNCaP cells increases cell migration and invasion. Using global gene expression approaches, we found that CdGAP regulates the expression of genes involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Subcutaneous injection of CdGAP-depleted PC-3 cells into mice shows a delayed tumor initiation and attenuated tumor growth. Orthotopic injection of CdGAP-depleted PC-3 cells reduces distant metastasic burden. Collectively, these findings support a pro-oncogenic role of CdGAP in prostate tumorigenesis and unveil CdGAP as a potential biomarker and target for prostate cancer treatments. Mehra et al. investigate the role of CdGAP in early biochemical recurrence and bone metastasis in prostate cancer. The authors find that knocking down CdGAP leads to reduced cell motility, invasion and proliferation in PC-3 and 22Rv1 cells while orthotopic injection of CdGAP-depleted PC-3 cells reduces distant metastatic burden.
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15
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Xu J, Yang X, Deng Q, Yang C, Wang D, Jiang G, Yao X, He X, Ding J, Qiang J, Tu J, Zhang R, Lei QY, Shao ZM, Bian X, Hu R, Zhang L, Liu S. TEM8 marks neovasculogenic tumor-initiating cells in triple-negative breast cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4413. [PMID: 34285210 PMCID: PMC8292527 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24703-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced neovasculogenesis, especially vasculogenic mimicry (VM), contributes to the development of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Breast tumor-initiating cells (BTICs) are involved in forming VM; however, the specific VM-forming BTIC population and the regulatory mechanisms remain undefined. We find that tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8) is abundantly expressed in TNBC and serves as a marker for VM-forming BTICs. Mechanistically, TEM8 increases active RhoC level and induces ROCK1-mediated phosphorylation of SMAD5, in a cascade essential for promoting stemness and VM capacity of breast cancer cells. ASB10, an estrogen receptor ERα trans-activated E3 ligase, ubiquitylates TEM8 for degradation, and its deficiency in TNBC resulted in a high homeostatic level of TEM8. In this work, we identify TEM8 as a functional marker for VM-forming BTICs in TNBC, providing a target for the development of effective therapies against TNBC targeting both BTIC self-renewal and neovasculogenesis simultaneously. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) contributes to the development of triple-negative breast cancer. In this study, the authors show that TEM8 is expressed in VM-forming breast cancer stem cells and it promotes stemness and VM differentiation capacity through a RhoC/ROCK1/SMAD5 axis
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Xu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaodan Deng
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Yang
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Dong Wang
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Guojuan Jiang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University); Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueyan He
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Ding
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiankun Qiang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juchuanli Tu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun-Ying Lei
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Min Shao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuwu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University); Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ronggui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lixing Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Deficiency of ARHGAP21 alters megakaryocytic cell lineage responses and enhances platelet hemostatic function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119012. [PMID: 33727037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Bueno De Paiva L, Aline Bernusso V, Machado-Neto JA, Traina F, Ridley AJ, Olalla-Saad ST, Lazarini M. Effects of RhoA and RhoC upon the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to glutamine deprivation. Small GTPases 2021; 12:20-26. [PMID: 30449238 PMCID: PMC7781845 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2018.1546098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoA and RhoC contribute to the regulation of glutamine metabolism, which is a crucial determinant of cell growth in some types of cancer. Here we investigated the participation of RhoA and RhoC in the response of prostate cancer cells to glutamine deprivation. We found that RhoA and RhoC activities were up- or downregulated by glutamine reduction in PC3 and LNCaP cell lines, which was concomitant to a reduction in cell number and proliferation. Stable overexpression of wild type RhoA or RhoC did not alter the sensitivity to glutamine deprivation. However, PC3 cells expressing dominant negative RhoAN19 or RhoCN19 mutants were more resistant to glutamine deprivation. Our results indicate that RhoA and RhoC activities could affect cancer treatments targeting the glutamine pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Bueno De Paiva
- Hematology and Bloood Transfusion Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Aline Bernusso
- Hematology and Bloood Transfusion Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Traina
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anne J Ridley
- Randall Centre of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King´s College London, London, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Mariana Lazarini
- Hematology and Bloood Transfusion Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Wang L, Shen S, Xiao H, Ding F, Wang M, Li G, Hu F. ARHGAP24 inhibits cell proliferation and cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis of lung cancer via a STAT6-WWP2-p27 axis. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:711-721. [PMID: 31430374 PMCID: PMC7197742 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs) have been reported to be of great importance in the initiation and development of many different cancers. However, their biological roles and regulatory mechanisms in lung cancer development and progression are poorly defined. Real-time PCR or western blotting analysis was used to detect Rho GTPase-activating protein 24 (ARHGAP24), WWP2, p27, p-STAT6 and STAT6 expression levels as well as the activity of RhoA and Rac1 in lung cancer. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle were measured by CCK-8 and flow cytometry analysis. Tumor growth of lung cancer cells was measured using a nude mouse xenograft experiment model in vivo. The correlation between WWP2 and p27 was measured by co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination analysis. We found that ARHGAP24 expression was lower in lung cancer tissues collected from the The Cancer Genome Atlas and independent hospital database. Overexpression of ARHGAP24 significantly suppressed cell proliferation and the activity of RhoA and Rac1, induced cell apoptosis and arrested cell cycle at the G0–G1 phase. ARHGAP24 overexpression also inhibited tumor growth in nude mice, whereas knockdown of ARHGAP24 significantly promoted cell proliferation and WWP2 expression and inhibited cell cycle arrest at G1 phase through activating STAT6 signaling. ARHGAP24 overexpression inhibited WWP2 overexpression-induced cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and the decreased p27 expression. Moreover, WWP2 was found interacted with p27, and WWP2 overexpression promoted the ubiquitination of p27. In conclusion, our findings suggest that ARHGAP24 inhibits cell proliferation and cell cycle progression and induces cell apoptosis of lung cancer via a STAT6-WWP2-p27 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Saie Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Xiao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangbao Ding
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingsong Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengqing Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Zhou Y, Hua Z, Zhu Y, Wang L, Chen F, Shan T, Zhou Y, Dai T. Upregulation of ARHGAP30 attenuates pancreatic cancer progression by inactivating the β-catenin pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:225. [PMID: 32536813 PMCID: PMC7288688 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant gastrointestinal cancer that can widely metastasize during the early stage of disease, and it is associated with one of the worst prognoses among cancers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function of Rho GTPase-activating protein 30 (ARHGAP30) in pancreatic cancer cells and thus propose a novel therapy for pancreatic cancer. Methods ARHGAP30 expression in tumor tissues from patients with pancreatic cancer as well as cell lines was detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC), real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. Cell proliferation, transwell, and apoptosis assays were performed and the levels of related proteins were determined after ARHGAP30 knockdown or overexpression. Additionally, in vivo experiments were performed on nude mice. Results ARHGAP30 expression was found to be significantly increased in tumor tissues from patients with pancreatic cancer as well as in pancreatic cancer cell lines. IHC and prognostic analyses indicated that patients with high ARHGAP30 expression had a good prognosis. ARHGAP30 overexpression significantly decreased pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and metastasis; promoted apoptosis; reduced β-catenin, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), and MMP9 expression; and increased Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and cleaved caspase-3 expression. ARHGAP30 knockdown elicited the opposite effects. The effects of ARHGAP30 knockdown were potently attenuated by the β-catenin inhibitor XAV939. ARHGAP30 knockdown-induced RHOA activity was potently attenuated by the RHOA inhibitor CCG1423. In vivo, ARHGAP30 overexpression significantly inhibited lung metastasis in nude mice and increased the survival of mice with lung metastases. Conclusions Our findings indicate that ARHGAP30 may function as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer progression by regulating the expression of related genes and the β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214000 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Hua
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214000 People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214000 People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214000 People's Republic of China
| | - Fangming Chen
- Department of Imaging, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214000 People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Shan
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhai Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214000 People's Republic of China
| | - Tu Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214000 People's Republic of China
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Hashimoto H, Munro E. Differential Expression of a Classic Cadherin Directs Tissue-Level Contractile Asymmetry during Neural Tube Closure. Dev Cell 2020; 51:158-172.e4. [PMID: 31639367 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Embryos control force generation at tissue boundaries, but how they do so remains poorly understood. Here we show how tissue-specific expression of the type II cadherin, Cadherin2, patterns actomyosin contractility along tissue boundaries to control zippering and neural tube closure in the basal chordate, Ciona robusta. Cadherin2 is differentially expressed and homotypically enriched in neural cells along the neural/epidermal (Ne/Epi) boundary, where RhoA and myosin are activated during zipper progression. Homotypically enriched Cadherin2 sequesters the Rho GTPase-activating protein, Gap21/23, to homotypic junctions. Gap21/23 in turn redirects RhoA/myosin activity to heterotypic Ne/Epi junctions. By activating myosin II along Ne/Epi junctions ahead of the zipper and inhibiting myosin II along newly formed Ne/Ne junctions behind the zipper, Cadherin2 promotes tissue-level contractile asymmetry to drive zipper progression. We propose that dynamic coupling of junction exchange to local changes in contractility may control fusion and separation of epithelia in many other contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiko Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Edwin Munro
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Development, Regeneration, and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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21
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Kang N, Matsui TS, Liu S, Fujiwara S, Deguchi S. Comprehensive analysis on the whole Rho‐GAP family reveals that ARHGAP4 suppresses EMT in epithelial cells under negative regulation by Septin9. FASEB J 2020; 34:8326-8340. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902750rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Kang
- Division of Bioengineering Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Japan
| | - Tsubasa S. Matsui
- Division of Bioengineering Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Japan
| | - Shiyou Liu
- Division of Bioengineering Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Japan
| | - Sachiko Fujiwara
- Division of Bioengineering Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Japan
| | - Shinji Deguchi
- Division of Bioengineering Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Japan
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Humphries BA, Wang Z, Yang C. MicroRNA Regulation of the Small Rho GTPase Regulators-Complexities and Opportunities in Targeting Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1092. [PMID: 32353968 PMCID: PMC7281527 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The small Rho GTPases regulate important cellular processes that affect cancer metastasis, such as cell survival and proliferation, actin dynamics, adhesion, migration, invasion and transcriptional activation. The Rho GTPases function as molecular switches cycling between an active GTP-bound and inactive guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound conformation. It is known that Rho GTPase activities are mainly regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs), GTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs), GDP dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs) and guanine nucleotide exchange modifiers (GEMs). These Rho GTPase regulators are often dysregulated in cancer; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a large family of small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate protein-coding gene expression, have been shown to play important roles in cancer metastasis. Recent studies showed that miRNAs are capable of directly targeting RhoGAPs, RhoGEFs, and RhoGDIs, and regulate the activities of Rho GTPases. This not only provides new evidence for the critical role of miRNA dysregulation in cancer metastasis, it also reveals novel mechanisms for Rho GTPase regulation. This review summarizes recent exciting findings showing that miRNAs play important roles in regulating Rho GTPase regulators (RhoGEFs, RhoGAPs, RhoGDIs), thus affecting Rho GTPase activities and cancer metastasis. The potential opportunities and challenges for targeting miRNAs and Rho GTPase regulators in treating cancer metastasis are also discussed. A comprehensive list of the currently validated miRNA-targeting of small Rho GTPase regulators is presented as a reference resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock A. Humphries
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhishan Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 V A Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Chengfeng Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 V A Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
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Sagittal Craniosynostosis with Uncommon Anatomical Pathologies in a 56-Year-Old Male Cadaver. Case Rep Pathol 2019; 2019:8034021. [PMID: 31885995 PMCID: PMC6925784 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8034021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sagittal craniosynostosis (CS) is a pathologic condition that results in premature fusion of the sagittal suture, restricting the transverse growth of the skull leading in some cases to elevated intracranial pressure and neurodevelopmental delay. There is still much to be learned about the etiology of CS. Here, we report a case of 56-year-old male cadaver that we describe as sagittal CS with torus palatinus being an additional anomaly. The craniotomy was unsuccessful (cephalic index, CI = 56) and resulted in abnormal vertical outgrowth of the craniotomized bone strip. The histological analysis of the latter revealed atypical, noncompensatory massive bone overproduction. Exome sequencing of DNA extracted from the cadaveric tissue specimen performed on the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) platform yielded 81 genetic variants identified as pathologic. Nine of those variants could be directly linked to CS with five of them targeting RhoA GTPase signaling, with a potential to make it sustained in nature. The latter could trigger upregulated calvarial osteogenesis leading to premature suture fusion, skull bone thickening, and craniotomized bone strip outgrowth observed in the present case.
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Liu L, Xie D, Xie H, Huang W, Zhang J, Jin W, Jiang W, Xie D. ARHGAP10 Inhibits the Proliferation and Metastasis of CRC Cells via Blocking the Activity of RhoA/AKT Signaling Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11507-11516. [PMID: 31920339 PMCID: PMC6938210 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s222564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction ARHGAP10 belongs to the ARHGAP family, which is downregulated in certain human tumors. However, the detailed function of ARHGAP10 remains unclear in human colon carcinoma (CRC). In the current study, we aimed to explore the role of ARHGAP10 in the growth and metastasis of CRC cells. Methods ARHGAP10 was induced silencing and overexpression using RNA interference (RNAi) and lentiviral-vector in CRC cells. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to quantify the mRNA and protein contents of ARHGAP10. Cell proliferation was determined by using Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). Transwell assay was utilized to examine the role of ARHGAP10 in the migration and invasion of CRC cells. Results Our results indicated that ARHGAP10 was downregulated in human CRC tissues and low expression of ARHGAP10 was associated with poor prognosis of patients with CRC. Moreover, ARHGAP10 overexpression significantly inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells. Moreover, a PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 was utilized to examine the connection between ARHGAP10 and AKT. Our findings demonstrated that the AKT inhibitor LY294002 could rescue the function of ARHGAP10 in CRC cells. Discussion It was the first time to elucidate that AKT involved in the ARHGAP10 signaling pathway and ARHGAP10 negatively mediated the phosphorylation of AKT (p-AKT) and RhoA activity in CRC cells. Interestingly, the Rho/MRTF/SRF inhibitor CCG-1423 significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT in ARHGAP10 siRNA transfected CRC cells. Much importantly, overexpression of ARHGAP10 deeply suppressed the metastasis of CRC cells in the lung in vivo. Taken together, our findings not only enhanced the understanding of the anti-cancer effect of ARHGAP10 in CRC cells but also indicated its underlying pathway in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Dahua Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyu Xie
- Department of Spleen-Stomach, Zhenjiang Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Spleen-Stomach, Zhenjiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haina Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Dahua Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenye Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Dahua Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghao Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
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25
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Wang Z, Yao L, Li Y, Hao B, Wang M, Wang J, Gu W, Zhan H, Liu G, Wu Q. miR‑337‑3p inhibits gastric tumor metastasis by targeting ARHGAP10. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:705-719. [PMID: 31789419 PMCID: PMC6947896 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several microRNAs (miRNAs) are known as regulatory molecules involved in gastric tumor metastasis. The expression of miR‑337‑3p was revealed to be downregulated in metastatic gastric tumor cells. Overexpression of miR‑337‑3p in gastric cancer cells resulted in the reduction of their invasive abilities. To characterize the functions of miR‑337‑3p, miR‑337‑3p was expressed in a metastatic lymph node‑derived gastric tumor cell line, SGC‑7901. Overexpression of miR‑337‑3p reduced the viability of cells but had no effects on the cell cycle. Wound healing and Transwell migration assays revealed that miR‑337‑3p inhibited the migration capacity of cells. miR‑337‑3p was capable of binding to the 3'‑untranslated region of a cytoskeleton‑associated molecule, ARHGAP10. Overexpression of miR‑337‑3p reduced the mRNA and protein levels of ARHGAP10 and the co‑expression of ARHGAP10 and miR‑337‑3p resulted in the recovery of cell migration capacity. Furthermore, the injection of miR‑337‑3p‑overexpressing SGC‑7901 cells into an immunodeficient mouse model resulted in a decrease in tumor metastasis in the liver and lungs. The present results indicated that miR‑337‑3p regulates gastric tumor metastasis by targeting the cytoskeleton‑associated protein ARHGAP10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Lun Yao
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Bo Hao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Mingxi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Junbin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Huihui Zhan
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Guoquan Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
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Shen Y, Xu L, Ning Z, Liu L, Lin J, Chen H, Meng Z. ARHGAP4 regulates the cell migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer by the HDAC2/β-catenin signaling pathway. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:1405-1414. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
β-catenin is a subunit of the cadherin protein complex and acts as an intracellular signal transducer in the Wnt signaling pathway that mediates multiple cellular processes, such as cell migration and invasion. HDAC2 (histone deacetylase 2), a deacetylase that maintains histone H3 in a deacetylated state in the promoter region of Wnt-targeted genes where β-catenin is bound, negatively regulating β-catenin activation. However, the regulation of HDAC2/β-catenin pathway remains unclear. Here, we report ARHGAP4 as a new regulator of the β-catenin pathway that regulates cell invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer as well as the downstream effector MMP2 and MMP9 expression in vitro. Mechanistically, ARHGAP4 interacts with and ubiquitinates HDAC2, which in turn inhibits β-catenin activation. Furthermore, treatment of CAY10683, an HDAC2 inhibitor, and XAV939, a Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor, attenuated the effects of ARHGAP4 silencing on pancreatic cancer cells. Overall, our findings establish ARHGAP4 as a novel regulator of HDAC2/β-catenin pathway with a critical role in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehua Shen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Litao Xu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhouyu Ning
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luming Liu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhua Lin
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Meng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Luo N, Chen DD, Liu L, Li L, Cheng ZP. CXCL12 promotes human ovarian cancer cell invasion through suppressing ARHGAP10 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:416-422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Li Y, Zeng B, Li Y, Zhang C, Ren G. Downregulated expression of ARHGAP10 correlates with advanced stage and high Ki-67 index in breast cancer. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7431. [PMID: 31396458 PMCID: PMC6679923 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rho GTPase-activating protein 10 (ARHGAP10), which catalyzes the conversion of active Rho GTPase to the inactive form, is downregulated in some cancers. However, little is known about ARHGAP10 in breast cancer. Methods The transcriptional expression level of ARHGAP10 in breast cancer was analyzed with the data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Oncomine, then verified by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in 30 pairs of breast cancer tissues and the corresponding adjacent normal tissues. ARHGAP10 protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 190 breast cancer and 30 corresponding adjacent normal breast tissue samples. The associations between ARHGAP10 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of patients were analyzed, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter was used to assess the relationship between ARHGAP10 and relapse-free survival (RFS). Different expression levels of ARHGAP10 in response to chemotherapy agents were determined by GEO2R online tool. The potential biological functions of ARHGAP10 were analyzed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) using data downloaded from TCGA. Results ARHGAP10 mRNA and protein expression was lower in breast cancer tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. Low expression of ARHGAP10 was associated with advanced clinical TNM (cTNM) stage (p b = 0.001) and high Ki-67 index (p = 0.015). Low expression of ARHGAP10 indicated worse RFS (p = 0.0015) and a poor response to chemotherapy (p = 0.006). GSEA results showed that ARHGAP10 was involved in signaling pathways including protein export, nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair, focal adhesion, JAK-STAT pathway and the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Beilei Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunhai Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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29
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Zhu YJ, Zheng B, Luo GJ, Ma XK, Lu XY, Lin XM, Yang S, Zhao Q, Wu T, Li ZX, Liu XL, Wu R, Liu JF, Ge Y, Yang L, Wang HY, Chen L. Circular RNAs negatively regulate cancer stem cells by physically binding FMRP against CCAR1 complex in hepatocellular carcinoma. Theranostics 2019; 9:3526-3540. [PMID: 31281495 PMCID: PMC6587157 DOI: 10.7150/thno.32796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) possesses great pre-clinical diagnostic and therapeutic potentials in multiple cancers. It has been reported playing roles in multiple malignant behaviors including proliferation, migration, metastasis and chemoresistance. However, the underlying correlation between circRNAs and cancer stem cells (CSCs) has not been reported yet. Methods: circZKSCAN1 level was detected in HCC tissue microarrays to clarify its prognostic values. Gain and loss function experiments were applied to investigate the role of circZKSCAN1 in HCC stemness. Bioinformatic analysis was used to predict the possible downstream RNA binding protein and further RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing was carried out to identify the RBP-regulated genes. Results: The absence of circZKSCAN1 endowed several malignant properties including cancer stemness and tightly correlated with worse overall and recurrence-free survival rate in HCC. Bioinformatics analysis and RNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing (RIP-seq) results revealed that circZKSCAN1 exerted its inhibitive role by competitively binding FMRP, therefore, block the binding between FMRP and β-catenin-binding protein-cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 1 (CCAR1) mRNA, and subsequently restrain the transcriptional activity of Wnt signaling. In addition, RNA-splicing protein Quaking 5 was found downregulated in HCC tissues and responsible for the reduction of circZKSCAN1. Conclusion: Collectively, this study revealed the mechanisms underlying the regulatory role of circZKSCAN1 in HCC CSCs and identified the newly discovered Qki5-circZKSCAN1-FMRP-CCAR1-Wnt signaling axis as a potentially important therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
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30
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Tsubaki M, Takeda T, Obata N, Kawashima K, Tabata M, Imano M, Satou T, Nishida S. Combination therapy with dacarbazine and statins improved the survival rate in mice with metastatic melanoma. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17975-17989. [PMID: 30834527 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive skin cancer, and the overall median survival in patients with metastatic melanoma is only 6-9 months. Although molecular targeted therapies have recently been developed and have improved the overall survival, melanoma patients may show no response and acquisition of resistance to these drugs. Thus, other molecular approaches are essential for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. In the present study, we investigated the effect of cotreatment with dacarbazine and statins on tumor growth, metastasis, and survival rate in mice with metastatic melanomas. We found that cotreatment with dacarbazine and statins significantly inhibited tumor growth and metastasis via suppression of the RhoA/RhoC/LIM domain kinase/serum response factor/c-Fos pathway and enhanced p53, p21, p27, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 expression in vivo. Moreover, the cotreatment significantly improved the survival rate in metastasis-bearing mice. Importantly, treatment with dacarbazine plus 100 mg/kg simvastatin or fluvastatin prevented metastasis-associated death in 4/20 mice that received dacarbazine + simvastatin and in 8/20 mice that received dacarbazine + fluvastatin (survival rates, 20% and 40%, respectively). These results suggested that cotreatment with dacarbazine and statins may thus serve as a new therapeutic approach to control tumor growth and metastasis in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Tsubaki
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higoshi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Takeda
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higoshi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoya Obata
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higoshi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keishi Kawashima
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higoshi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuki Tabata
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higoshi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motohiro Imano
- Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Satou
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shozo Nishida
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higoshi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
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31
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Rosa LRO, Soares GM, Silveira LR, Boschero AC, Barbosa-Sampaio HCL. ARHGAP21 as a master regulator of multiple cellular processes. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:8477-8481. [PMID: 29856495 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The cellular cytoskeleton is involved with multiple biological processes and is tightly regulated by multiple proteins and effectors. Among these, the RhoGTPases family is one of the most important players. RhoGTPAses are, in turn, regulated by many other elements. In the past decade, one of those regulators, the RhoGAP Rho GTPase Activating Protein 21 (ARHGAP21), has been overlooked, despite being implied as having an important role on many of those processes. In this paper, we aimed to review the available literature regarding ARHGAP21 to highlight its importance and the mechanisms of action that have been found so far for this still unknown protein involved with cell adhesion, migration, Golgi regulation, cell trafficking, and even insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R O Rosa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M Soares
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo R Silveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Boschero
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena C L Barbosa-Sampaio
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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32
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Nomikou E, Livitsanou M, Stournaras C, Kardassis D. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the genes encoding the small GTPases RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC: implications for the pathogenesis of human diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2111-2124. [PMID: 29500478 PMCID: PMC11105751 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2787-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rho GTPases are highly conserved proteins that play critical roles in many cellular processes including actin dynamics, vesicular trafficking, gene transcription, cell-cycle progression, and cell adhesion. The main mode of regulation of Rho GTPases is through guanine nucleotide binding (cycling between an active GTP-bound form and an inactive GDP-bound form), but transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modes of Rho regulation have also been described. In the present review, we summarize recent progress on the mechanisms that control the expression of the three members of the Rho-like subfamily (RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC) at the level of gene transcription as well as their post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs. We also discuss the progress made in deciphering the mechanisms of cross-talk between Rho proteins and the transforming growth factor β signaling pathway and their implications for the pathogenesis of human diseases such as cancer metastasis and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Nomikou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Melina Livitsanou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Christos Stournaras
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kardassis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece.
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71110, Heraklion, Greece.
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33
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Toret CP, Shivakumar PC, Lenne PF, Le Bivic A. The elmo-mbc complex and rhogap19d couple Rho family GTPases during mesenchymal-to-epithelial-like transitions. Development 2018:dev.157495. [PMID: 29437779 DOI: 10.1242/dev.157495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Many metazoan developmental processes require cells to transition between migratory mesenchymal- and adherent epithelial-like states. These transitions require Rho GTPase-mediated actin rearrangements downstream of integrin and cadherin pathways. A regulatory toolbox of GEF and GAP proteins precisely coordinates Rho protein activities, yet defining the involvement of specific regulators within a cellular context remains a challenge due to overlapping and coupled activities. Here we demonstrate that Drosophila dorsal closure is a powerful model for Rho GTPase regulation during transitions from leading edges to cadherin contacts. During these transitions a Rac GEF elmo-mbc complex regulates both lamellipodia and Rho1-dependent, actomyosin-mediated tension at initial cadherin contacts. Moreover, the Rho GAP Rhogap19d controls Rac and Rho GTPases during the same processes and genetically regulates the elmo-mbc complex. This study presents a fresh framework to understand the inter-relationship between GEF and GAP proteins that tether Rac and Rho cycles during developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andre Le Bivic
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Case 907, 13288 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
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Kentala H, Koponen A, Kivelä AM, Andrews R, Li C, Zhou Y, Olkkonen VM. Analysis of ORP2-knockout hepatocytes uncovers a novel function in actin cytoskeletal regulation. FASEB J 2018; 32:1281-1295. [PMID: 29092904 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700604r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ORP2 is implicated in cholesterol transport, triglyceride metabolism, and adrenocortical steroid hormone production. We addressed ORP2 function in hepatocytes by generating ORP2-knockout (KO) HuH7 cells by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, followed by analyses of transcriptome, F-actin morphology, migration, adhesion, and proliferation. RNA sequencing of ORP2-KO cells revealed >2-fold changes in 579 mRNAs. The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) uncovered alterations in the following functional categories: cellular movement, cell-cell signaling and interaction, cellular development, cellular function and maintenance, cellular growth and proliferation, and cell morphology. Many pathways in these categories involved actin cytoskeleton, cell migration, adhesion, or proliferation. Analysis of the ORP2 interactome uncovered 109 putative new partners. Their IPA analysis revealed Ras homolog A (RhoA) signaling as the most significant pathway. Interactions of ORP2 with SEPT9, MLC12, and ARHGAP12 were validated by independent assays. ORP2-KO resulted in abnormal F-actin morphology characterized by impaired capacity to form lamellipodia, migration defect, and impaired adhesion and proliferation. Rescue of the migration phenotype and generation of typical cell surface morphology required an intact ORP2 phosphoinositide binding site, suggesting that ORP2 function involves phosphoinositide binding and transport. The results point at a novel function of ORP2 as a lipid-sensing regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, with impacts on hepatocellular migration, adhesion, and proliferation.-Kentala, H., Koponen, A., Kivelä, A. M., Andrews, R., Li, C., Zhou, Y., Olkkonen, V. M. Analysis of ORP2-knockout hepatocytes uncovers a novel function in actin cytoskeletal regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriikka Kentala
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annika Koponen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annukka M Kivelä
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert Andrews
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - ChunHei Li
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - You Zhou
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland.,Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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35
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Xavier-Ferrucio J, Ricon L, Vieira K, Longhini AL, Lazarini M, Bigarella CL, Franchi G, Krause DS, Saad STO. Hematopoietic defects in response to reduced Arhgap21. Stem Cell Res 2017; 26:17-27. [PMID: 29212046 PMCID: PMC6084430 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Arhgap21 is a member of the Rho GTPase activating protein (RhoGAP) family, which function as negative regulators of Rho GTPases. Arhgap21 has been implicated in adhesion and migration of cancer cells. However, the role of Arhgap21 has never been investigated in hematopoietic cells. Herein, we evaluated functional aspects of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) using a haploinsufficient (Arhgap21+/-) mouse. Our results show that Arhgap21+/- mice have an increased frequency of phenotypic HSC, impaired ability to form progenitor colonies in vitro and decreased hematopoietic engraftment in vivo, along with a decrease in LSK cell frequency during serial bone marrow transplantation. Arhgap21+/- hematopoietic progenitor cells have impaired adhesion and enhanced mobilization of immature LSK and myeloid progenitors. Arhgap21+/- mice also exhibit reduced erythroid commitment and differentiation, which was recapitulated in human primary cells, in which knockdown of ARHGAP21 in CMP and MEP resulted in decreased erythroid commitment. Finally, we observed enhanced RhoC activity in the bone marrow cells of Arhgap21+/- mice, indicating that Arhgap21 functions in hematopoiesis may be at least partially mediated by RhoC inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Xavier-Ferrucio
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lauremília Ricon
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Karla Vieira
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Leda Longhini
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lazarini
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Carolina Louzão Bigarella
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Franchi
- Onco-Hematological Child Research Center (CIPOI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Diane S Krause
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sara T O Saad
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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36
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Teng JP, Yang ZY, Zhu YM, Ni D, Zhu ZJ, Li XQ. The roles of ARHGAP10 in the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4613-4618. [PMID: 28943961 PMCID: PMC5592856 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortalities worldwide. In the present study, a comparison of To determine the roles of ARHGAP10 in the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung cancer cells expression levels between normal lung tissues and lung cancer tissues were compared using immunoblotting, and CCK-8 and Transwell assays. Lung cancer tissues had a decreased ARHGAP10 mRNA expression level compared to the adjacent normal tissues. The ectopic expression of ARHGAP10 significantly suppressed the migration, invasion and proliferation of lung cancer cells. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that metastasis and Wnt signaling pathways were negatively correlated with ARHGAP10 expression. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that ARHGAP10 overexpression inhibited metastasis [matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and VEGF] and the expression of Wnt pathway-related proteins (β-catenin and c-Myc). Moreover, the stimulation effects of lithium chloride, a GSK3β inhibitor, on the accumulation of β-catenin were notably suppressed by ARHGAP10 overexpression. Collectively, ARHGAP10 acts to suppress tumor within lung cancer by affecting metastasis and Wnt signaling pathways. The results therefore suggest that ARHGAP10 is a potentially attractive target for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ping Teng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ying Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ming Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Da Ni
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
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37
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McNair C, Urbanucci A, Comstock CES, Augello MA, Goodwin JF, Launchbury R, Zhao SG, Schiewer MJ, Ertel A, Karnes J, Davicioni E, Wang L, Wang Q, Mills IG, Feng FY, Li W, Carroll JS, Knudsen KE. Cell cycle-coupled expansion of AR activity promotes cancer progression. Oncogene 2017; 36:1655-1668. [PMID: 27669432 PMCID: PMC5364060 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is required for prostate cancer (PCa) survival and progression, and ablation of AR activity is the first line of therapeutic intervention for disseminated disease. While initially effective, recurrent tumors ultimately arise for which there is no durable cure. Despite the dependence of PCa on AR activity throughout the course of disease, delineation of the AR-dependent transcriptional network that governs disease progression remains elusive, and the function of AR in mitotically active cells is not well understood. Analyzing AR activity as a function of cell cycle revealed an unexpected and highly expanded repertoire of AR-regulated gene networks in actively cycling cells. New AR functions segregated into two major clusters: those that are specific to cycling cells and retained throughout the mitotic cell cycle ('Cell Cycle Common'), versus those that were specifically enriched in a subset of cell cycle phases ('Phase Restricted'). Further analyses identified previously unrecognized AR functions in major pathways associated with clinical PCa progression. Illustrating the impact of these unmasked AR-driven pathways, dihydroceramide desaturase 1 was identified as an AR-regulated gene in mitotically active cells that promoted pro-metastatic phenotypes, and in advanced PCa proved to be highly associated with development of metastases, recurrence after therapeutic intervention and reduced overall survival. Taken together, these findings delineate AR function in mitotically active tumor cells, thus providing critical insight into the molecular basis by which AR promotes development of lethal PCa and nominate new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- C McNair
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Urbanucci
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospitals, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospitals, Oslo, Norway
| | - C E S Comstock
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M A Augello
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J F Goodwin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R Launchbury
- Cambridge Research Institute, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S G Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M J Schiewer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Ertel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Karnes
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - L Wang
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Q Wang
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - I G Mills
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospitals, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospitals, Oslo, Norway
- Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence for Prostate Cancer Research, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - F Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Urology, and Medicine and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - W Li
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J S Carroll
- Cambridge Research Institute, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - K E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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38
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Lovelace MD, Powter EE, Coleman PR, Zhao Y, Parker A, Chang GH, Lay AJ, Hunter J, McGrath AP, Jormakka M, Bertolino P, McCaughan G, Kavallaris M, Vadas MA, Gamble JR. The RhoGAP protein ARHGAP18/SENEX localizes to microtubules and regulates their stability in endothelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1066-1078. [PMID: 28251925 PMCID: PMC5391183 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-05-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Localization of a regulator of RhoGTPases (ARHGAP18) is important for microtubule stability and endothelial cell function. The localization is demonstrated by advanced imaging and biochemical techniques. RhoGTPases are important regulators of the cell cytoskeleton, controlling cell shape, migration and proliferation. Previously we showed that ARHGAP18 in endothelial cells is important in cell junctions. Here we show, using structured illumination microscopy (SIM), ground-state depletion (GSD), and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF) that a proportion of ARHGAP18 localizes to microtubules in endothelial cells, as well as in nonendothelial cells, an association confirmed biochemically. In endothelial cells, some ARHGAP18 puncta also colocalized to Weibel–Palade bodies on the microtubules. Depletion of ARHGAP18 by small interfering RNA or analysis of endothelial cells isolated from ARHGAP18-knockout mice showed microtubule destabilization, as evidenced by altered morphology and decreased acetylated α-tubulin and glu-tubulin. The destabilization was rescued by inhibition of ROCK and histone deacetylase 6 but not by a GAP-mutant form of ARHGAP18. Depletion of ARHGAP18 resulted in a failure to secrete endothelin-1 and a reduction in neutrophil transmigration, both known to be microtubule dependent. Thrombin, a critical regulator of the Rho-mediated barrier function of endothelial cells through microtubule destabilization, enhanced the plasma membrane–bound fraction of ARHGAP18. Thus, in endothelial cells, ARHGAP18 may act as a significant regulator of vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Lovelace
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Powter
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Paul R Coleman
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Yang Zhao
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Amelia Parker
- Tumour Biology and Targeting Program, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Garry H Chang
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Angelina J Lay
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Julie Hunter
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Aaron P McGrath
- Structural Biology Laboratory, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Mika Jormakka
- Structural Biology Laboratory, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Patrick Bertolino
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Geoffrey McCaughan
- Liver Biology and Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Tumour Biology and Targeting Program, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mathew A Vadas
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Gamble
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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39
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Amin E, Jaiswal M, Derewenda U, Reis K, Nouri K, Koessmeier KT, Aspenström P, Somlyo AV, Dvorsky R, Ahmadian MR. Deciphering the Molecular and Functional Basis of RHOGAP Family Proteins: A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TOWARD SELECTIVE INACTIVATION OF RHO FAMILY PROTEINS. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20353-71. [PMID: 27481945 PMCID: PMC5034035 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.736967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
RHO GTPase-activating proteins (RHOGAPs) are one of the major classes of regulators of the RHO-related protein family that are crucial in many cellular processes, motility, contractility, growth, differentiation, and development. Using database searches, we extracted 66 distinct human RHOGAPs, from which 57 have a common catalytic domain capable of terminating RHO protein signaling by stimulating the slow intrinsic GTP hydrolysis (GTPase) reaction. The specificity of the majority of the members of RHOGAP family is largely uncharacterized. Here, we comprehensively investigated the sequence-structure-function relationship between RHOGAPs and RHO proteins by combining our in vitro data with in silico data. The activity of 14 representatives of the RHOGAP family toward 12 RHO family proteins was determined in real time. We identified and structurally verified hot spots in the interface between RHOGAPs and RHO proteins as critical determinants for binding and catalysis. We have found that the RHOGAP domain itself is nonselective and in some cases rather inefficient under cell-free conditions. Thus, we propose that other domains of RHOGAPs confer substrate specificity and fine-tune their catalytic efficiency in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Amin
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mamta Jaiswal
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Urszula Derewenda
- the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, and
| | - Katarina Reis
- the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kazem Nouri
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katja T Koessmeier
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pontus Aspenström
- the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Avril V Somlyo
- the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, and
| | - Radovan Dvorsky
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany,
| | - Mohammad R Ahmadian
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany,
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40
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Luo N, Guo J, Chen L, Yang W, Qu X, Cheng Z. ARHGAP10, downregulated in ovarian cancer, suppresses tumorigenicity of ovarian cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2157. [PMID: 27010858 PMCID: PMC4823924 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rho GTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs) are implicated in the development and progression of ovarian cancer. ARHGAP10 is a member of RhoGAP proteins and inactivates Cdc42 by converting GTP-bound form to GDP-bound form. Here, we aimed to evaluate ARHGAP10 expression profile and functions in ovarian cancer. The decreased expression of ARHGAP10 was found in 77.3% (58/75) of ovarian cancer tissues, compared with their non-tumorous counterparts. Furthermore, overall survival in ovarian cancer patients with higher expression of ARHGAP10 was longer than those with lower expression. Ectopic expression of ARHGAP10 in two ovarian cancer cell lines with lower expression of ARHGAP10 (A2780 and HO-8910) dramatically suppressed cell proliferation in vitro. In nude mice, its stable overexpression significantly inhibited the tumorigenicity of A2780 cells. We further demonstrated that overexpression of ARHGAP10 significantly inhibited cell adhesion, migration and invasion, resulted in cell arrest in G1 phase of cell cycle and a significant increase of apoptosis. Moreover, ARHGAP10 interacted with Cdc42 and overexpression of ARHGAP10 inhibited the activity of Cdc42 in A2780 cells. Gene set enrichment analysis on The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset showed that KEGG cell cycle, replication and base excision repair (BER) pathways were correlatively with the ARHGAP10 expression, which was further confirmed in ovarian cancer cells by western blotting. Hence, ARHGAP10 may serve as a tumor suppressor through inactivating Cdc42, as well as inhibiting cell cycle, replication and BER pathways. Our data suggest an important role of ARHGAP10 in the molecular etiology of cancer and implicate the potential application of ARHGAP10 in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Luo
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China.,Institute of Gynecological Minimally Invasive Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - J Guo
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China.,Institute of Gynecological Minimally Invasive Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - L Chen
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China.,Institute of Gynecological Minimally Invasive Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - W Yang
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China.,Institute of Gynecological Minimally Invasive Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - X Qu
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China.,Institute of Gynecological Minimally Invasive Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Z Cheng
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China.,Institute of Gynecological Minimally Invasive Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
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41
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Proteomic Study to Survey the CIGB-552 Antitumor Effect. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:124082. [PMID: 26576414 PMCID: PMC4630370 DOI: 10.1155/2015/124082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CIGB-552 is a cell-penetrating peptide that exerts in vitro and in vivo antitumor effect on cancer cells. In the present work, the mechanism involved in such anticancer activity was studied using chemical proteomics and expression-based proteomics in culture cancer cell lines. CIGB-552 interacts with at least 55 proteins, as determined by chemical proteomics. A temporal differential proteomics based on iTRAQ quantification method was performed to identify CIGB-552 modulated proteins. The proteomic profile includes 72 differentially expressed proteins in response to CIGB-552 treatment. Proteins related to cell proliferation and apoptosis were identified by both approaches. In line with previous findings, proteomic data revealed that CIGB-552 triggers the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, proteins related to cell invasion were differentially modulated by CIGB-552 treatment suggesting new potentialities of CIGB-552 as anticancer agent. Overall, the current study contributes to a better understanding of the antitumor action mechanism of CIGB-552.
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42
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Schaefer A, Reinhard NR, Hordijk PL. Toward understanding RhoGTPase specificity: structure, function and local activation. Small GTPases 2015; 5:6. [PMID: 25483298 DOI: 10.4161/21541248.2014.968004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion and migration are regulated through the concerted action of cytoskeletal dynamics and adhesion proteins, the activity of which is governed by RhoGTPases. Specific RhoGTPase signaling requires spatio-temporal activation and coordination of subsequent protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. The nature, location and duration of these interactions are dependent on polarized extracellular triggers, such as cell-cell contact, and intracellular modifying events, such as phosphorylation. RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC are highly homologous GTPases that, however, succeed in generating specific intracellular responses. Here, we discuss the key features that contribute to this specificity. These not only include the well-studied switch regions, the conformation of which is nucleotide-dependent, but also additional regions and seemingly small differences in primary sequence that also contribute to specific interactions. These differences translate into differential surface charge distribution, local exposure of amino acid side-chains and isoform-specific post-translational modifications. The available evidence supports the notion that multiple regions in RhoA/B/C cooperate to provide specificity in binding to regulators and effectors. These specific interactions are highly regulated in time and space. We therefore subsequently discuss current approaches means to visualize and analyze localized GTPase activation using biosensors that allow imaging of isoform-specific, localized regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Schaefer
- a Department of Molecular Cell Biology Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory; Academic Medical Center; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences ; University of Amsterdam ; Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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43
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Zhang J, Wang J, Zhou YF, Ren XY, Lin MM, Zhang QQ, Wang YH, Li X. Rich1 negatively regulates the epithelial cell cycle, proliferation and adhesion by CDC42/RAC1-PAK1-Erk1/2 pathway. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1703-12. [PMID: 26004135 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rich1, a previously identified Rho GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP), was found to have close relationship with Rho GTPase family members in multiple cellular processes in nervous cells and platelets. But the exact role of Rich1 in epithelial cells remains obscure. The present investigation demonstrated that up-regulation of Rich1 could cause S-phase arrest, proliferation inhibition and adhesion decline with F-actin amount decrease in epithelial cells. Further exploration in hepatocyte HL7702 revealed that overexpression of Rich1 could greatly elevate the intrinsic GTPase activities on both of CDC42 and RAC1 by stimulating GTP hydrolysis, which consequently attenuated the activities of the Rho proteins and the phosphorylation level of those in PAK1-ERK1/2 signaling cascade. While the GAP domain deleted Rich1 variant or silence of endogenous Rich1 expression could not result in any of the biological effects. It is indicated that Rich1, completely different from in other types of cells, might act as a crucial upstream negative regulator via its GAP domain in control of epithelial cell cycle, proliferation and focal adhesion through CDC42/RAC1-PAK1-ERK1/2 signaling pathway and F-actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Oncology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Oncology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yun-Fei Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Oncology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xue-Yi Ren
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing 4001121, China
| | - Ming-Ming Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Oncology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qian-Qing Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Oncology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yun-Hong Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Oncology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Oncology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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44
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Ilyas A, Hashim Z, Zarina S. Effects of 5'-azacytidine and alendronate on a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line: a proteomics perspective. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 405:53-61. [PMID: 25854900 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer related deaths around the world. Due to late diagnosis and development of drug resistance in patients suffering from HCC, development of more effective therapeutic strategies is inevitable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined apoptotic effect of 5'-Azacytidine (5'-AzaC) and alendronate (ALN) on Huh-7 HCC cell line and to explore differential expression at genomics and proteomics level. Incubation of HCC cell line with 5'-AzaC alone showed cell death in a time and dose dependent manner while in combination with ALN, increased cytotoxicity was observed. Up-regulation of CASP7(Caspase7) and LZTS1 (leucine zipper, putative tumor suppressor 1) and down-regulation of DNMT1(DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1) was noted in treated cells. Proteomic studies on the treated cells revealed altered expression of different proteins including peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2), Annexin 5 (Anx5), Rho GTPase activating protein (RhoGAP), Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein (TNF), triosephosphate isomerase (TPI), Glutathione S transferase (GSTP1) and Heat shock protein60 (HSP60). Our study demonstrated the cytotoxic effect of 5'-AzaC and ALN drug combination on Huh-7 HCC cells suggesting such combinations may be explored as a possible therapeutic approach. Current study revealed that Huh-7 HCC cells are sensitive to 5'-AzaC and ALN drug combination and such combination approaches could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, we also report the expression of Anx5 exclusively in untreated cancerous cell line indicating the possibility of being used as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Ilyas
- National Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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45
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Ferreira SM, Santos GJ, Rezende LF, Gonçalves LM, Santos-Silva JC, Bigarella CL, Carneiro EM, Saad STO, Boschero AC, Barbosa-Sampaio HC. ARHGAP21 prevents abnormal insulin release through actin rearrangement in pancreatic islets from neonatal mice. Life Sci 2015; 127:53-8. [PMID: 25744409 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS ARHGAP21 is a Rho GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP) that associates with many proteins and modulates several cellular functions, including actin cytoskeleton rearrangement in different tissues. However, it is unknown whether ARHGAP21 is expressed in pancreatic beta cells and its function in these cells. Herein, we assess the participation of ARHGAP21 in insulin secretion. MAIN METHODS Neonatal mice were treated with anti-sense oligonucleotide against ARHG AP21 (AS) for 2 days, resulting in a reduction of the protein's expression of about 60% in the islets. F-actin depolimerization, insulin secretion,mRNA level of genes involved in insulin secretion, maturation and proliferation were evaluated in islets from both control and AS-treated mice. KEY FINDINGS ARHGAP21 co-localized with actin inMIN6 beta cells and with insulin in neonatal pancreatic islets. F-actin was reduced in AS-islets, as judged by lower phalloidin intensity. Insulin secretion was increased in islets from AS-treated mice, however no differences were observed in the GSIS (glucose-stimulated insulin secretion). In these islets, the pERK1/2 was increased, as well as the gene expressions of VAMP2 and SNAP25, proteins that are present in the secretory machinery. Maturation and cell proliferation were not affected in islets from AS-treated mice. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, our data show, for the first time, that ARHGAP21 is expressed and participates in the secretory process of pancreatic beta cells. Its effect is probably via pERK1/2, which modulates the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton. ARHGAP21 also controls the expression of genes that encodes proteins of the secretory machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mara Ferreira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Jorge Santos
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Rezende
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Mateus Gonçalves
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Junia Carolina Santos-Silva
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Louzão Bigarella
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Science, Hematology and Hemotherapy Center - Hemocentro, INCT Sangue, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Everardo Magalhães Carneiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sara Teresinha Ollala Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Science, Hematology and Hemotherapy Center - Hemocentro, INCT Sangue, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Boschero
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Cristina Barbosa-Sampaio
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Liu L, Wang Y, Yu Q. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway exerts effects on the implantation of mouse embryos by regulating the expression of RhoA. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:1089-96. [PMID: 24638941 PMCID: PMC4020477 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway affects the implantation of mouse embryos by regulating the expression of RhoA. The expression of PI3K, Akt, phosphorylated (p-)Akt, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and RhoA in the uterus of mice on day 5 of pregnancy (D5) and in pseudopregnant mice was examined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. A functional analysis of these genes was also performed by the intrauterine injection with the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, on day 2 of pregnancy (D2). The expression levels of PI3K, p-Akt, RhoA at the implantation site were higher than those at the inter-implantation site in the endometrium; however, opposite effects were observed for PTEN expression. The expression levels of the above genes in the pseudopregnant group and in the group injected with the PI3K/Akt inhibitor, LY294002, were markedly lower than those in the pregnant group. Functional experiments revealed that the number of implantation sites had been significantly decreased (P<0.05) following the intrauterine injection of the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, on day 2 of gestation compared with the contralateral injection of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). These results suggest that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway affects embryo implantation by regulating the expression of RhoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qiubo Yu
- Molecular Medical Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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