1
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Key J, Gispert S, Auburger G. Knockout Mouse Studies Show That Mitochondrial CLPP Peptidase and CLPX Unfoldase Act in Matrix Condensates near IMM, as Fast Stress Response in Protein Assemblies for Transcript Processing, Translation, and Heme Production. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:694. [PMID: 38927630 PMCID: PMC11202940 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
LONP1 is the principal AAA+ unfoldase and bulk protease in the mitochondrial matrix, so its deletion causes embryonic lethality. The AAA+ unfoldase CLPX and the peptidase CLPP also act in the matrix, especially during stress periods, but their substrates are poorly defined. Mammalian CLPP deletion triggers infertility, deafness, growth retardation, and cGAS-STING-activated cytosolic innate immunity. CLPX mutations impair heme biosynthesis and heavy metal homeostasis. CLPP and CLPX are conserved from bacteria to humans, despite their secondary role in proteolysis. Based on recent proteomic-metabolomic evidence from knockout mice and patient cells, we propose that CLPP acts on phase-separated ribonucleoprotein granules and CLPX on multi-enzyme condensates as first-aid systems near the inner mitochondrial membrane. Trimming within assemblies, CLPP rescues stalled processes in mitoribosomes, mitochondrial RNA granules and nucleoids, and the D-foci-mediated degradation of toxic double-stranded mtRNA/mtDNA. Unfolding multi-enzyme condensates, CLPX maximizes PLP-dependent delta-transamination and rescues malformed nascent peptides. Overall, their actions occur in granules with multivalent or hydrophobic interactions, separated from the aqueous phase. Thus, the role of CLPXP in the matrix is compartment-selective, as other mitochondrial peptidases: MPPs at precursor import pores, m-AAA and i-AAA at either IMM face, PARL within the IMM, and OMA1/HTRA2 in the intermembrane space.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Georg Auburger
- Experimental Neurology, Clinic of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Heinrich Hoffmann Str. 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.K.); (S.G.)
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2
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Wang B, Chen W, Huang Q, Chen Y, Wang Y. Targeting Cancer Mitochondria by Inducing an Abnormal Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response Leads to Tumor Suppression. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:1204-1212. [PMID: 38818479 PMCID: PMC11134587 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.95624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a pivotal cellular mechanism that ensures mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular survival under stress conditions. This study investigates the role of UPRmt in modulating the response of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells to cisplatin-induced stress. We report that the inhibition of UPRmt via AEB5F exacerbates cisplatin cytotoxicity, as evidenced by increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and apoptosis, characterized by a surge in TUNEL-positive cells. Conversely, the activation of UPRmt with oligomycin attenuates these effects, preserving cell viability and reducing apoptotic markers. Immunofluorescence assays reveal that UPRmt activation maintains mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production in the presence of cisplatin, countering the rise in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibiting caspase-9 activation. These findings suggest that UPRmt serves as a cytoprotective mechanism in cancer cells, mitigating cisplatin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. The data underscore the therapeutic potential of modulating UPRmt to improve the efficacy and reduce the side effects of cisplatin chemotherapy. This study provides a foundation for future research on the exploitation of UPRmt in cancer treatment, with the aim of enhancing patient outcomes by leveraging the cellular stress response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxiao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiqi Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Zhou QY, Ren C, Li JY, Wang L, Duan Y, Yao RQ, Tian YP, Yao YM. The crosstalk between mitochondrial quality control and metal-dependent cell death. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:299. [PMID: 38678018 PMCID: PMC11055915 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06691-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the centers of energy and material metabolism, and they also serve as the storage and dispatch hubs of metal ions. Damage to mitochondrial structure and function can cause abnormal levels and distribution of metal ions, leading to cell dysfunction and even death. For a long time, mitochondrial quality control pathways such as mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy have been considered to inhibit metal-induced cell death. However, with the discovery of new metal-dependent cell death including ferroptosis and cuproptosis, increasing evidence shows that there is a complex relationship between mitochondrial quality control and metal-dependent cell death. This article reviews the latest research results and mechanisms of crosstalk between mitochondrial quality control and metal-dependent cell death in recent years, as well as their involvement in neurodegenerative diseases, tumors and other diseases, in order to provide new ideas for the research and treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Emergency, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Chao Ren
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jing-Yan Li
- Department of Emergency, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yu Duan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital (the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou), Southern Medical University, Chenzhou, 423000, China
| | - Ren-Qi Yao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
- Medical Innovation Research Division, Translational Medicine Research Center and the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Ying-Ping Tian
- Department of Emergency, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Medical Innovation Research Division, Translational Medicine Research Center and the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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4
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Zhang J, Qiu Z, Liu S, Huang J, Luo B, Sui J, Dai Z, Xiang X, Yang T, Luo Y. Discovery of a Novel Series of Homo sapiens Caseinolytic Protease P Agonists for Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Treatment via ATF3-Dependent Integrated Stress Response. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2812-2836. [PMID: 38329974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Homo sapiens caseinolytic protease P (HsClpP) activation is a promising strategy for colon cancer treatment. In this study, CCG1423 was identified as a selective activator of HsClpP. After optimization, NCA029 emerged as the most potent compound, with an EC50 of 0.2 μM against HsClpP. Molecular dynamics revealed that the affinity of NCA029 for the YYW aromatic network is crucial for its selectivity toward HsClpP. Furthermore, NCA029 displayed favorable pharmacokinetics and safety profiles and significantly inhibited tumor growth in HCT116 xenografts, resulting in 83.6% tumor inhibition. Mechanistically, NCA029 targeted HsClpP, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and activating the ATF3-dependent integrated stress response, ultimately causing cell death in colorectal adenocarcinoma. These findings highlight NCA029 as an effective HsClpP activator with potential for colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangnan Zhang
- Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qiu
- Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Song Liu
- Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiasheng Huang
- Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Baozhu Luo
- Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Sui
- Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhengyi Dai
- Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinrong Xiang
- Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Youfu Luo
- Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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5
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Zhang J, Qiao W, Luo Y. Mitochondrial quality control proteases and their modulation for cancer therapy. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:399-436. [PMID: 36208112 DOI: 10.1002/med.21929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, the main provider of energy in eukaryotic cells, contains more than 1000 different proteins and is closely related to the development of cells. However, damaged proteins impair mitochondrial function, further contributing to several human diseases. Evidence shows mitochondrial proteases are critically important for protein maintenance. Most importantly, quality control enzymes exert a crucial role in the modulation of mitochondrial functions by degrading misfolded, aged, or superfluous proteins. Interestingly, cancer cells thrive under stress conditions that damage proteins, so targeting mitochondrial quality control proteases serves as a novel regulator for cancer cells. Not only that, mitochondrial quality control proteases have been shown to affect mitochondrial dynamics by regulating the morphology of optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), which is closely related to the occurrence and progression of cancer. In this review, we introduce mitochondrial quality control proteases as promising targets and related modulators in cancer therapy with a focus on caseinolytic protease P (ClpP), Lon protease (LonP1), high-temperature requirement protein A2 (HrtA2), and OMA-1. Further, we summarize our current knowledge of the advances in clinical trials for modulators of mitochondrial quality control proteases. Overall, the content proposed above serves to suggest directions for the development of novel antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenliang Qiao
- Lung Cancer Center, Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Western China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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6
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Kumar R, Chaudhary AK, Woytash J, Inigo JR, Gokhale AA, Bshara W, Attwood K, Wang J, Spernyak JA, Rath E, Yadav N, Haller D, Goodrich DW, Tang DG, Chandra D. A mitochondrial unfolded protein response inhibitor suppresses prostate cancer growth in mice via HSP60. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:149906. [PMID: 35653190 PMCID: PMC9246382 DOI: 10.1172/jci149906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial proteostasis, regulated by the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), is crucial for maintenance of cellular functions and survival. Elevated oxidative and proteotoxic stress in mitochondria must be attenuated by the activation of a ubiquitous UPRmt to promote prostate cancer (PCa) growth. Here we show that the 2 key components of the UPRmt, heat shock protein 60 (HSP60, a mitochondrial chaperonin) and caseinolytic protease P (ClpP, a mitochondrial protease), were required for the development of advanced PCa. HSP60 regulated ClpP expression via c-Myc and physically interacted with ClpP to restore mitochondrial functions that promote cancer cell survival. HSP60 maintained the ATP-producing functions of mitochondria, which activated the β-catenin pathway and led to the upregulation of c-Myc. We identified a UPRmt inhibitor that blocked HSP60’s interaction with ClpP and abrogated survival signaling without altering HSP60’s chaperonin function. Disruption of HSP60-ClpP interaction with the UPRmt inhibitor triggered metabolic stress and impeded PCa-promoting signaling. Treatment with the UPRmt inhibitor or genetic ablation of Hsp60 inhibited PCa growth and progression. Together, our findings demonstrate that the HSP60-ClpP–mediated UPRmt is essential for prostate tumorigenesis and the HSP60-ClpP interaction represents a therapeutic vulnerability in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, United States of America
| | - Ajay Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, United States of America
| | - Jordan Woytash
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, United States of America
| | - Joseph R Inigo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, United States of America
| | - Abhiram A Gokhale
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, United States of America
| | - Wiam Bshara
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, United States of America
| | - Kristopher Attwood
- Department of Biostatistics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, United States of America
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, United States of America
| | - Joseph A Spernyak
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, United States of America
| | - Eva Rath
- Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Neelu Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, United States of America
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - David W Goodrich
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, United States of America
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, United States of America
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, United States of America
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7
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Lon upregulation contributes to cisplatin resistance by triggering NCLX-mediated mitochondrial Ca 2+ release in cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:241. [PMID: 35296653 PMCID: PMC8927349 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04668-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the major organelles in sensing cellular stress and inducing the response for cell survival. Mitochondrial Lon has been identified as an important stress protein involved in regulating proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis in cancer cells. However, the mechanism of retrograde signaling by Lon on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage remains to be elucidated. Here we report the role of Lon in the response to cisplatin-induced mtDNA damage and oxidative stress, which confers cancer cells on cisplatin resistance via modulating calcium levels in mitochondria and cytosol. First, we found that cisplatin treatment on oral cancer cells caused oxidative damage of mtDNA and induced Lon expression. Lon overexpression in cancer cells decreased while Lon knockdown sensitized the cytotoxicity towards cisplatin treatment. We further identified that cisplatin-induced Lon activates the PYK2-SRC-STAT3 pathway to stimulate Bcl-2 and IL-6 expression, leading to the cytotoxicity resistance to cisplatin. Intriguingly, we found that activation of this pathway is through an increase of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) via NCLX, a mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. We then verified that NCLX expression is dependent on Lon levels; Lon interacts with and activates NCLX activity. NCLX inhibition increased the level of mitochondrial calcium and sensitized the cytotoxicity to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. In summary, mitochondrial Lon-induced cisplatin resistance is mediated by calcium release into cytosol through NCLX, which activates calcium-dependent PYK2-SRC-STAT3-IL-6 pathway. Thus, our work uncovers the novel retrograde signaling by mitochondrial Lon on resistance to cisplatin-induced mtDNA stress, indicating the potential use of Lon and NCLX inhibitors for better clinical outcomes in chemoresistant cancer patients.
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8
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Wang G, Fan Y, Cao P, Tan K. Insight into the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and cancer: opportunities and challenges. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:18. [PMID: 35180892 PMCID: PMC8857832 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is an evolutionarily conserved protective transcriptional response that maintains mitochondrial proteostasis by inducing the expression of mitochondrial chaperones and proteases in response to various stresses. The UPRmt-mediated transcriptional program requires the participation of various upstream signaling pathways and molecules. The factors regulating the UPRmt in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and mammals are both similar and different. Cancer cells, as malignant cells with uncontrolled proliferation, are exposed to various challenges from endogenous and exogenous stresses. Therefore, in cancer cells, the UPRmt is hijacked and exploited for the repair of mitochondria and the promotion of tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. In this review, we systematically introduce the inducers of UPRmt, the biological processes in which UPRmt participates, the mechanisms regulating the UPRmt in C. elegans and mammals, cross-tissue signal transduction of the UPRmt and the roles of the UPRmt in promoting cancer initiation and progression. Disrupting proteostasis in cancer cells by targeting UPRmt constitutes a novel anticancer therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, 050024, China.,Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yumei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, 050024, China
| | - Pengxiu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, 050024, China
| | - Ke Tan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, 050024, China.
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9
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Mitochondrial Caseinolytic Protease P: A Possible Novel Prognostic Marker and Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126228. [PMID: 34207660 PMCID: PMC8228031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Caseinolytic protease P (ClpP) is a mitochondrial serine protease. In mammalian cells, the heterodimerization of ClpP and its AAA+ ClpX chaperone results in a complex called ClpXP, which has a relevant role in protein homeostasis and in maintaining mitochondrial functionality through the degradation of mitochondrial misfolded or damaged proteins. Recent studies demonstrate that ClpP is upregulated in primary and metastatic human tumors, supports tumor cell proliferation, and its overexpression desensitizes cells to cisplatin. Interestingly, small modulators of ClpP activity, both activators and inhibitors, are able to impair oxidative phosphorylation in cancer cells and to induce apoptosis. This review provides an overview of the role of ClpP in regulating mitochondrial functionality, in supporting tumor cell proliferation and cisplatin resistance; finally, we discuss whether this protease could represent a new prognostic marker and therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer.
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10
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Gomez-Fabra Gala M, Vögtle FN. Mitochondrial proteases in human diseases. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1205-1222. [PMID: 33453058 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria contain more than 1000 different proteins, including several proteolytic enzymes. These mitochondrial proteases form a complex system that performs limited and terminal proteolysis to build the mitochondrial proteome, maintain, and control its functions or degrade mitochondrial proteins and peptides. During protein biogenesis, presequence proteases cleave and degrade mitochondrial targeting signals to obtain mature functional proteins. Processing by proteases also exerts a regulatory role in modulation of mitochondrial functions and quality control enzymes degrade misfolded, aged, or superfluous proteins. Depending on their different functions and substrates, defects in mitochondrial proteases can affect the majority of the mitochondrial proteome or only a single protein. Consequently, mutations in mitochondrial proteases have been linked to several human diseases. This review gives an overview of the components and functions of the mitochondrial proteolytic machinery and highlights the pathological consequences of dysfunctional mitochondrial protein processing and turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gomez-Fabra Gala
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Friederike-Nora Vögtle
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Luo B, Ma Y, Zhou Y, Zhang N, Luo Y. Human ClpP protease, a promising therapy target for diseases of mitochondrial dysfunction. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:968-981. [PMID: 33460621 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human caseinolytic protease P (HsClpP), an ATP-dependent unfolding peptidase protein in the mitochondrial matrix, controls protein quality, regulates mitochondrial metabolism, and maintains the integrity and enzyme activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC). Studies show that abnormalities in HsClpP lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and various human diseases. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the structure and biological function of HsClpP, and the involvement of its dysexpression or mutation in mitochondria for a panel of important human diseases. We also summarize the structural types and binding modes of known HsClpP modulators. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions of HsClpP targeting as promising approach for the treatment of human diseases of mitochondrial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhu Luo
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Radiation therapy and chemotherapy for gynecological cancer, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - YuanZheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Youfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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12
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Nouri K, Feng Y, Schimmer AD. Mitochondrial ClpP serine protease-biological function and emerging target for cancer therapy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:841. [PMID: 33037181 PMCID: PMC7547079 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03062-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial ClpP is a serine protease located in the mitochondrial matrix. This protease participates in mitochondrial protein quality control by degrading misfolded or damaged proteins, thus maintaining normal metabolic function. Mitochondrial ClpP is a stable heptamer ring with peptidase activity that forms a multimeric complex with the ATP-dependent unfoldase ClpX (ClpXP) leading to proteolytic activity. Emerging evidence demonstrates that ClpXP is over-expressed in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors and is necessary for the viability of a subset of tumors. In addition, both inhibition and hyperactivation of ClpXP leads to impaired respiratory chain activity and causes cell death in cancer cells. Therefore, targeting mitochondrial ClpXP could be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of malignancy. Here, we review the structure and function of mitochondrial ClpXP as well as strategies to target this enzyme complex as a novel therapeutic approach for malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Nouri
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yue Feng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aaron D Schimmer
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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13
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Li YD, Mao Y, Dong XD, Lei ZN, Yang Y, Lin L, Ashby CR, Yang DH, Fan YF, Chen ZS. Methyl-Cantharidimide (MCA) Has Anticancer Efficacy in ABCB1- and ABCG2-Overexpressing and Cisplatin Resistant Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:932. [PMID: 32676451 PMCID: PMC7333678 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the efficacy of methyl-cantharidimide (MCA), a cantharidin (CTD) analog, as an anticancer drug, in cancer cells overexpressing either ABCB1 or ABCG2 transporters and in cisplatin-resistant cancer cells. The results indicated that: (i) MCA was efficacious in the ABCB1-overexpressing cell line, KB-C2, and the ABCB1-gene-transfected cell line, HEK293/ABCB1 (IC50 from 6.37 to 8.44 mM); (ii) MCA was also efficacious in the ABCG2-overexpressing cell line, NCI-H460/MX20, and the ABCG2-gene-transfected cell lines, HEK293/ABCG2-482-R2, HEK293/ABCG2-482-G2, and the HEK293/ABCG2-482-T7 cell lines (IC50 from 6.37 to 9.70 mM); (iii) MCA was efficacious in the cisplatin resistant cancer cell lines, KCP-4 and BEL-7404/CP20 (IC50 values from 7.05 to 8.16 mM); (iv) MCA (up to 16 mM) induced apoptosis in both BEL-7404 and BEL-7404/CP20 cancer cells; (v) MCA arrested both BEL-7404 and BEL-7404/CP20 cancer cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle; (vi) MCA (8 mM) upregulated the expression level of the protein, unc-5 netrin receptor B (UNC5B) in HepG2 and BEL-7404 cancer cells. Overall, our results indicated that MCA's efficacy in ABCB1- and ABCG2-overexpressing and cisplatin resistant cancer cells is due to the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Dong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Yong Mao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xing-Duo Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Lizhu Lin
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Ying-Fang Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
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14
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Chen W, Wang P, Lu Y, Jin T, Lei X, Liu M, Zhuang P, Liao J, Lin Z, Li B, Peng Y, Pan G, Lv X, Zhang H, Ou Z, Xie S, Lin X, Sun S, Ferrone S, Tannous BA, Ruan Y, Li J, Fan S. Decreased expression of mitochondrial miR-5787 contributes to chemoresistance by reprogramming glucose metabolism and inhibiting MT-CO3 translation. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:5739-5754. [PMID: 31534516 PMCID: PMC6735381 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been recently found in the mitochondria, and were named “mitomiRs”, but their function has remained elusive. Here, we aimed to assess the presence and function(s) of mitomiRs in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). Methods: miRNA microarray was performed in paired TSCC cell lines, Cal27 and its chemoresistant counterpart, Cal27-re. Decreased expression of mitomiRs in chemoresistant cells was characterized. The functions of mitomiRs were investigated by a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results: Differential microarray analysis identified downregulation of mitomiR-5787 in Cal27-re cells. We knocked down mitomiR-5787 in parental cells and upregulated its expression in cisplatin-resistant cells. The sensitivity of TSCC cells to cisplatin was regulated by miR-5787. The glucose metabolism assay suggested that reduced expression of miR-5787 changed the balance of glucose metabolism by shifting it from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. Xenograft experiments in BALB/c-nu mice further verified the in vitro results. Reduced expression of miR-5787 contributes to chemoresistance in TSCC cells by inhibiting the translation of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 (MT-CO3). The prognostic analysis of 126 TSCC patients showed that the patients with low expression of miR-5787 and/or MT-CO3 had poor cisplatin sensitivity and prognosis. Conclusions: Mitochondrial miR-5787 could regulate cisplatin resistance of TSCC cells and affect oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis. Downregulation of miR-5787 inhibited the translation of MT-CO3 to regulate cisplatin resistance of TSCC. Mitochondrial miR-5787 and MT-CO3 can be used as predictive biomarkers or therapeutic targets for cisplatin chemotherapy resistance.
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15
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Cocetta V, Ragazzi E, Montopoli M. Mitochondrial Involvement in Cisplatin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143384. [PMID: 31295873 PMCID: PMC6678541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the worldwide anticancer drugs and, despite its toxicity and frequent recurrence of resistance phenomena, it still remains the only therapeutic option for several tumors. Circumventing cisplatin resistance remains, therefore, a major goal for clinical therapy and represents a challenge for scientific research. Recent studies have brought to light the fundamental role of mitochondria in onset, progression, and metastasis of cancer, as well as its importance in the resistance to chemotherapy. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the current knowledge about the implication of mitochondria in cisplatin resistance and on the recent development in this research field. Recent studies have highlighted the role of mitochondrial DNA alterations in onset of resistance phenomena, being related both to redox balance alterations and to signal crosstalk with the nucleus, allowing a rewiring of cell metabolism. Moreover, an important role of the mitochondrial dynamics in the adaptation mechanism of cancer cells to challenging environment has been revealed. Giving bioenergetic plasticity to tumor cells, mitochondria allow cells to evade death pathways in stressful conditions, including chemotherapy. So far, even if the central role of mitochondria is recognized, little is known about the specific mechanisms implicated in the resistance. Nevertheless, mitochondria appear to be promising pharmacological targets for overcoming cisplatin resistance, but further studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Cocetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo Egidio Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Eugenio Ragazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo Egidio Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo Egidio Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padua, Italy.
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via Orus 2, 35129 Padua, Italy.
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16
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Moreno-Cinos C, Goossens K, Salado IG, Van Der Veken P, De Winter H, Augustyns K. ClpP Protease, a Promising Antimicrobial Target. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092232. [PMID: 31067645 PMCID: PMC6540193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The caseinolytic protease proteolytic subunit (ClpP) is a serine protease playing an important role in proteostasis of eukaryotic organelles and prokaryotic cells. Alteration of ClpP function has been proved to affect the virulence and infectivity of a number of pathogens. Increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a global problem and new classes of antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action are needed. In this regard, ClpP has emerged as an attractive and potentially viable option to tackle pathogen fitness without suffering cross-resistance to established antibiotic classes and, when not an essential target, without causing an evolutionary selection pressure. This opens a greater window of opportunity for the host immune system to clear the infection by itself or by co-administration with commonly prescribed antibiotics. A comprehensive overview of the function, regulation and structure of ClpP across the different organisms is given. Discussion about mechanism of action of this protease in bacterial pathogenesis and human diseases are outlined, focusing on the compounds developed in order to target the activation or inhibition of ClpP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Moreno-Cinos
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Kenneth Goossens
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Irene G Salado
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Pieter Van Der Veken
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Hans De Winter
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
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17
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Fan S, Tian T, Chen W, Lv X, Lei X, Zhang H, Sun S, Cai L, Pan G, He L, Ou Z, Lin X, Wang X, Perez MF, Tu Z, Ferrone S, Tannous BA, Li J. Mitochondrial miRNA Determines Chemoresistance by Reprogramming Metabolism and Regulating Mitochondrial Transcription. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1069-1084. [PMID: 30659020 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Argonaute Proteins/genetics
- Argonaute Proteins/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Nucleus/genetics
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cellular Reprogramming
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- DNA, Mitochondrial/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genome, Mitochondrial
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Prognosis
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Rate
- Tongue Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Tongue Neoplasms/genetics
- Tongue Neoplasms/metabolism
- Tongue Neoplasms/pathology
- Transcription, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Fan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weixiong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobin Lv
- Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translational Research, Center Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinyuan Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanqing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Sun
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Guokai Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lile He
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhanpeng Ou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Francis Perez
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhiming Tu
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Lab, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jinsong Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Bhandari V, Wong KS, Zhou JL, Mabanglo MF, Batey RA, Houry WA. The Role of ClpP Protease in Bacterial Pathogenesis and Human Diseases. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1413-1425. [PMID: 29775273 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic organelles, the ClpP protease plays an important role in proteostasis. The disruption of the ClpP function has been shown to influence the infectivity and virulence of a number of bacterial pathogens. More recently, ClpP has been found to be involved in various forms of carcinomas and in Perrault syndrome, which is an inherited condition characterized by hearing loss in males and females and by ovarian abnormalities in females. Hence, targeting ClpP is a potentially viable, attractive option for the treatment of different ailments. Herein, the biochemical and cellular activities of ClpP are discussed along with the mechanisms by which ClpP affects bacterial pathogenesis and various human diseases. In addition, a comprehensive overview is given of the new classes of compounds in development that target ClpP. Many of these compounds are currently primarily aimed at treating bacterial infections. Some of these compounds inhibit ClpP activity, while others activate the protease and lead to its dysregulation. The ClpP activators are remarkable examples of small molecules that inhibit protein-protein interactions but also result in a gain of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Bhandari
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Keith S. Wong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Jin Lin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark F. Mabanglo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Robert A. Batey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Walid A. Houry
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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19
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An amino acid domino effect orchestrates ClpP's conformational states. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017; 40:102-110. [PMID: 28910721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining the cellular protein homeostasis means managing life on the brink of death. This balance is largely based on precise fine-tuning of enzyme activities. For instance, the ClpP protease possesses several conformational switches which are fundamental to regulating its activity. Efforts have focused on revealing the structural basis of ClpP's conformational control. In the last decade, several amino acid clusters have been identified and functionally linked to specific activation states. Researchers have now begun to couple these hotspots to one another, uncovering a global network of residues that switch in response to internal and external stimuli. For these studies, they used small molecules to mimic intermolecular interactions and point-mutational studies to shortcut regulating amino acid circuits.
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20
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Bao Y, Ding S, Cheng J, Liu Y, Wang B, Xu H, Shen Y, Lyu J. Carnosine Inhibits the Proliferation of Human Cervical Gland Carcinoma Cells Through Inhibiting Both Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Glycolysis Pathways and Retarding Cell Cycle Progression. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 17:80-91. [PMID: 28008780 PMCID: PMC5950946 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416684551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosine has been demonstrated to play an antitumorigenic role in certain types
of cancer. However, its underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, the
roles of carnosine in cell proliferation and its underlying mechanism were
investigated in the cultured human cervical gland carcinoma cells HeLa and
cervical squamous carcinoma cells SiHa. The results showed that carnosine
exerted a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HeLa cells,
whereas its inhibitory action on the proliferation of SiHa cells was much
weaker. Carnosine decreased the ATP content through inhibiting both
mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis pathways in cultured HeLa cells but not
SiHa cells. Carnosine reduced the activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase and
malate dehydrogenase in TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle and the activities of
mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I, II, III, and IV in HeLa cells
but not SiHa cells. Carnosine also decreased the mRNA and protein expression
levels of ClpP, which plays a key role in maintaining the mitochondrial function
in HeLa cells. In addition, carnosine induced G1 arrest by inhibiting the G1-S
phase transition in both HeLa and SiHa cells. Taken together, these findings
suggest that carnosine has a strong inhibitory action on the proliferation of
human cervical gland carcinoma cells rather than cervical squamous carcinoma
cells. Mitochondrial bioenergetics and glycolysis pathways and cell cycle may be
involved in the carnosine action on the cell proliferation in cultured human
cervical gland carcinoma cells HeLa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Bao
- 1 Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples Republic of China.,2 Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Saidan Ding
- 3 The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jiaoyan Cheng
- 1 Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- 1 Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Bingyu Wang
- 1 Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Xu
- 1 Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Yao Shen
- 1 Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- 1 Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples Republic of China
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