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Haas CB, de Carvalho AK, Muller AP, Eggen BJ, Portela LV. Insulin activates microglia and increases COX-2/IL-1β expression in young but not in aged hippocampus. Brain Res 2020; 1741:146884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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2
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Zhong S, Wang M, Zhan Y, Zhang J, Yang X, Fu S, Bi D, Gao F, Shen Y, Chen Z. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals transcriptional changes of hippocampal neurons in APP23 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:919-926. [PMID: 31928331 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1714420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that mostly strikes the elderly. However, the exact molecular and cellular pathogenesis of AD, especially the dynamic changes of neurons during disease progression, remains poorly understood. Here we used single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) to access the transcriptional changes of hippocampal neurons in APP23 mouse model of AD. We performed snRNA-seq using a modified Smart-seq2 technique on 3,280 neuronal nuclei from the hippocampus of young and aged APP23 and control mice and identified four distinct subpopulations. Comparative transcriptional analysis showed multiple changes in different subtypes of hippocampal neurons of APP23 mice in comparison to control mice, as well as the transcriptional changes in these neurons during disease progression. Our findings revealed multiple neuronal subtype-specific transcriptional changes that may lead to targets for future studies of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhong
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mengdi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxi Zhan
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shumei Fu
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Danlei Bi
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Shen
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuolong Chen
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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3
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Van Erum J, Valkenburg F, Van Dam D, De Deyn PP. Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizure Susceptibility in the Tau58/4 Transgenic Mouse Model of Tauopathy. Neuroscience 2019; 425:112-122. [PMID: 31785360 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In several tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), an increased incidence of seizures is observed. Tau, one of the major proteins implicated in AD pathology, is an important regulator of neural network excitability and might participate in the underlying epileptic cascade. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not fully elucidated. We aim to investigate this mechanism by analyzing seizure susceptibility to the convulsant pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in a novel rodent tauopathy model. A single dose of PTZ was systemically injected in Tau58/4 transgenic mice. To investigate whether young and aged heterozygous (HET) mice exhibit a higher susceptibility to seizures in comparison with wild-type (WT) littermates, video electroencephalography (EEG) in combination with behavioral scoring according to a modified Racine scale was used. The employment of different dosage groups enabled us to characterize the dose range reliably inducing seizures. Here, we report an increased seizure susceptibility in young but not in old HET Tau58/4 mice. Young HET animals displayed more severe seizures and had a reduced latency to the first seizure compared to WTs. Also, age-related differences in susceptibility could be demonstrated for both genotypes. Identification and targeting of secondary diseases such as epilepsy, which aggravate dementia and lead to earlier institutionalization, is key. This study finds that tau pathology itself is sufficient to alter seizure susceptibility in a rodent model, indicating that the disease process is crucial in the emergence of epilepsy in patients with tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Van Erum
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - Femke Valkenburg
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - Debby Van Dam
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic of Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium.
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4
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Liu Y, Gao Y, Li KX, Xue W. Pharmacokinetics and acetylcholine releasing effects of ginsenoside Rg1 in hippocampus of beta-amyloid model rats. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2019; 21:772-781. [PMID: 30501509 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2018.1540596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the pharmacokinetics (PK) and acetylcholine (Ach) releasing effects of ginsenoside Rg1 in hippocampus (HIP) of soluble oligomeric assemblies of amyloid beta (ADDLs) induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. Extracellular fluid was collected by microdialysis technique. The concentrations of Rg1 and Ach in dialysates were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. The results showed, after administration, Rg1 was soon detected in the HIP of model rats and extracellular Ach concentrations in the HIP were significantly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- a Department of Pharmacy , Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing 100730 , China
| | - Yan Gao
- b Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Beijing Hospital , Bejing 100044 , China
| | - Ke-Xin Li
- b Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Beijing Hospital , Bejing 100044 , China
| | - Wei Xue
- b Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Beijing Hospital , Bejing 100044 , China
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5
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The Evolving Dialogue of Microglia and Neurons in Alzheimer’s Disease: Microglia as Necessary Transducers of Pathology. Neuroscience 2019; 405:24-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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6
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Dubbelaar ML, Kracht L, Eggen BJL, Boddeke EWGM. The Kaleidoscope of Microglial Phenotypes. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1753. [PMID: 30108586 PMCID: PMC6079257 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression analyses of microglia, the tissue-resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), led to the identification of homeostatic as well as neurological disease-specific gene signatures of microglial phenotypes. Upon alterations in the neural microenvironment, either caused by local insults from within the CNS (during neurodegenerative diseases) or by macroenvironmental incidents, such as social stress, microglia can switch phenotypes-generally referred to as "microglial activation." The interplay between the microenvironment and its influence on microglial phenotypes, regulated by (epi)genetic mechanisms, can be imagined as the different colorful crystal formations (microglial phenotypes) that change upon rotation (microenvironmental changes) of a kaleidoscope. In this review, we will discuss microglial phenotypes in relation to neurodevelopment, homeostasis, in vitro conditions, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases based on transcriptome studies. By overlaying these disease-specific microglial signatures, recent publications have identified a specific set of genes that is differentially expressed in all investigated diseases, called a microglial core gene signature with multiple diseases. We will conclude this review with a discussion about the complexity of this microglial core gene signature associated with multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L Dubbelaar
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Laura Kracht
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bart J L Eggen
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Erik W G M Boddeke
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Conditioned Medium Promotes Aβ25-35 phagocytosis by Modulating Autophagy and Aβ-Degrading Enzymes in BV2 Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 65:222-233. [PMID: 29845511 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a promising prospect for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the underlying mechanisms by which MSCs mediate positive effects are still unclear. We speculated that MSCs mediate microglial autophagy and enhance the clearance of Aβ. To test this hypothesis, we cultured BV2 microglial cells with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium (ucMSCs-CM) in the presence or absence of Aβ25-35 oligomers. We investigated BV2 cell proliferation, cell death, and Aβ25-35 phagocytosis as well as protein expression levels of LC3, Beclin-1, p62, insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), and neprilysin (Nep) with western blotting. The results showed that ucMSCs-CM inhibited the proliferation and decreased cell death of BV2 cells induced by Aβ25-35. ucMSCs-CM also promoted the phagocytosis of Aβ25-35 by BV2 cells and changed the expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3, Beclin-1, and p62. Treatment also upregulated the expression of Aβ-degrading enzymes IDE and Nep. Furthermore, the culture medium in BV2 cells with Aβ25-35 and ucMSCs-CM prevented neuronal cell SH-SY5Y from cell death compared to control medium without ucMSCs-CM. Altogether, these data suggested that ucMSCs-CM protect microglial and neuronal cells from Aβ25-35-induced cell death and promote Aβ phagocytosis by modulating autophagy and enhancing the expression of Aβ-degrading enzymes in microglia.
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8
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Spittau B. Aging Microglia-Phenotypes, Functions and Implications for Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:194. [PMID: 28659790 PMCID: PMC5469878 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging of the central nervous system (CNS) is one of the major risk factors for the development of neurodegenerative pathologies such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The molecular mechanisms underlying the onset of AD and especially PD are not well understood. However, neuroinflammatory responses mediated by microglia as the resident immune cells of the CNS have been reported for both diseases. The unique nature and developmental origin of microglia causing microglial self-renewal and telomere shortening led to the hypothesis that these CNS-specific innate immune cells become senescent. Age-dependent and senescence-driven impairments of microglia functions and responses have been suggested to play essential roles during onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. This review article summarizes the current knowledge of microglia phenotypes and functions in the aging CNS and further discusses the implications of these age-dependent microglia changes for the development and progression of AD and PD as the most common neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Spittau
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of FreiburgFreiburg, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, University of RostockRostock, Germany
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Van Acker ZP, Luyckx E, Van Leuven W, Geuens E, De Deyn PP, Van Dam D, Dewilde S. Impaired hypoxic tolerance in APP23 mice: a dysregulation of neuroprotective globin levels. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1321-1332. [PMID: 28391636 PMCID: PMC5518225 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although neuroglobin confers neuroprotection against Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, its expression becomes downregulated in late-stage AD. Here, we provide evidence that indicates that this decrease is associated with the AD-linked angiopathy. While wild-type mice of different ages show upregulated cerebral neuroglobin expression upon whole-body hypoxia, APP23 mice exhibit decreased cerebral transcription of neuroglobin. Interestingly, transcription of cytoglobin, whose involvement in amyloid pathology still needs to be elucidated, follows a similar pattern. To further unravel the underlying mechanism, we examined the expression levels of the RE-1-silencing transcription factor (REST/NRSF) after identifying a recognition site for it in the regulatory region of both globins. Neuroglobin-cytoglobin-REST/NRSF expression correlations are detected mainly in the cortex. This raises the possibility of REST/NRSF being an upstream regulator of these globins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë P Van Acker
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Evi Luyckx
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Wendy Van Leuven
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Eva Geuens
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry & Behaviour, Institute Born-Bunge, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Alzheimer Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Debby Van Dam
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry & Behaviour, Institute Born-Bunge, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Alzheimer Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Dewilde
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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