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Chatterjee D, Svoboda RA, Huisman DH, Vieira HM, Rao C, Askew JW, Fisher KW, Lewis RE. KSR1 regulates small-cell lung carcinoma tumor initiation and cisplatin resistance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.23.581815. [PMID: 38464216 PMCID: PMC10925196 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.23.581815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is designated a recalcitrant cancer due to its five-year relative survival rate of less than 7%. First line SCLC treatment has changed modestly in the last 40 years. The NeuroD1 subtype of SCLC (SCLC-N) commonly harbors MYC amplifications and other hallmarks of aggressive behavior. Finding novel therapeutic options that effectively eliminate residual disease observed after initial response to therapy is essential to improving SCLC patient outcome. Here we show that Kinase Suppressor of Ras 1 (KSR1), a molecular scaffold for the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling cascade is critical for clonogenicity and tumor initiation in vitro and in vivo in the highly aggressive, metastatic and therapy resistant NeuroD1 subtype of SCLC. Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) are reported as the sanctuary population within the bulk tumor responsible for therapeutic resistance and relapse. Previous studies concluded ERK activation was inhibitory to growth and tumor development. We show that signaling through KSR1 is conserved in SCLC-N and that it regulates tumor initiation through interaction with ERK. We further show that KSR1 mediates cisplatin resistance in SCLC-N cells. While 50% of control SCLC-N cells show resistance after 6 weeks of exposure to cisplatin, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated KSR1 knockout prevents resistance in >90% of SCLC-N cells. KSR1 KO also significantly enhances the ability of cisplatin to decrease SCLC-N TICs, indicating that targeting KSR1 might be selectively toxic to cells responsible for therapeutic resistance and tumor initiation. Thus, KSR1 function in SCLC-N serves as a novel model for understanding the role of KSR1-dependent signaling in normal and malignant tissues. These findings shed light on a key distinct protein responsible for regulation in SCLC-N tumors, and a potential subtype specific therapeutic target.
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Ciccone V, Simonis V, Del Gaudio C, Cucini C, Ziche M, Morbidelli L, Donnini S. ALDH1A1 confers resistance to RAF/MEK inhibitors in melanoma cells by maintaining stemness phenotype and activating PI3K/AKT signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 224:116252. [PMID: 38701866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway is pivotal in controlling the proliferation and survival of melanoma cells. Several mutations, including those in BRAF, exhibit an oncogenic effect leading to increased cellular proliferation. As a result, the combination therapy of a MEK inhibitor with a BRAF inhibitor demonstrated higher efficacy and lower toxicity than BRAF inhibitor alone. This combination has become the preferred standard of care for tumors driven by BRAF mutations. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) is a known marker of stemness involved in drug resistance in several type of tumors, including melanoma. This study demonstrates that melanoma cells overexpressing ALDH1A1 displayed resistance to vemurafenib and trametinib through the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling instead of MAPK axis. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling partially rescued sensitivity to the drugs. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of ALDH1A1 activity downregulated the activation of AKT and partially recovered responsiveness to vemurafenib and trametinib. We propose ALDH1A1 as a new potential target for treating melanoma resistant to MAPK/ERK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Ciccone
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena I-53100, Italy
| | - Vittoria Simonis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena I-53100, Italy
| | - Cinzia Del Gaudio
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena I-53100, Italy
| | - Claudio Cucini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena I-53100, Italy
| | - Marina Ziche
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena I‑53100, Italy
| | - Lucia Morbidelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena I-53100, Italy
| | - Sandra Donnini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena I-53100, Italy.
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van der Woude H, Phan K, Kenwright DN, Goossens L, Hally KE, Currie MJ, Kokkinos J, Sharbeen G, Phillips PA, Henry CE. Development of a long term, ex vivo, patient-derived explant model of endometrial cancer. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301413. [PMID: 38635728 PMCID: PMC11025966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Incidence of endometrial cancer (EC) is rising in the developed world. The current standard of care, hysterectomy, is often infeasible for younger patients and those with high body mass index. There are limited non-surgical treatment options and a lack of biologically relevant research models to investigate novel alternatives to surgery for EC. The aim of the present study was to develop a long-term, patient-derived explant (PDE) model of early-stage EC and demonstrate its use for investigating predictive biomarkers for a current non-surgical treatment option, the levonorgestrel intra-uterine system (LNG-IUS). Fresh tumour specimens were obtained from patients with early-stage endometrioid EC. Tumours were cut into explants, cultured on media-soaked gelatin sponges for up to 21 days and treated with LNG. Formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) blocks were generated for each explant after 21 days in culture. Tumour architecture and integrity were assessed by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC was additionally performed for the expression of five candidate biomarkers of LNG resistance. The developed ex vivo PDE model is capable of culturing explants from early-stage EC tumours long-term (21 Days). This model can complement existing models and may serve as a tool to validate results obtained in higher-throughput in vitro studies. Our study provides the foundation to validate the extent to which EC PDEs reflect patient response in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah van der Woude
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women’s Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Khoi Phan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women’s Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Diane N. Kenwright
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Louise Goossens
- Medical Photography, Capital, Coast and Hutt Valley, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Margaret Jane Currie
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John Kokkinos
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - George Sharbeen
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Phoebe A. Phillips
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claire Elizabeth Henry
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women’s Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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Malla R, Viswanathan S, Makena S, Kapoor S, Verma D, Raju AA, Dunna M, Muniraj N. Revitalizing Cancer Treatment: Exploring the Role of Drug Repurposing. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1463. [PMID: 38672545 PMCID: PMC11048531 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer persists as a global challenge necessitating continual innovation in treatment strategies. Despite significant advancements in comprehending the disease, cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, exerting substantial economic burdens on healthcare systems and societies. The emergence of drug resistance further complicates therapeutic efficacy, underscoring the urgent need for alternative approaches. Drug repurposing, characterized by the utilization of existing drugs for novel clinical applications, emerges as a promising avenue for addressing these challenges. Repurposed drugs, comprising FDA-approved (in other disease indications), generic, off-patent, and failed medications, offer distinct advantages including established safety profiles, cost-effectiveness, and expedited development timelines compared to novel drug discovery processes. Various methodologies, such as knowledge-based analyses, drug-centric strategies, and computational approaches, play pivotal roles in identifying potential candidates for repurposing. However, despite the promise of repurposed drugs, drug repositioning confronts formidable obstacles. Patenting issues, financial constraints associated with conducting extensive clinical trials, and the necessity for combination therapies to overcome the limitations of monotherapy pose significant challenges. This review provides an in-depth exploration of drug repurposing, covering a diverse array of approaches including experimental, re-engineering protein, nanotechnology, and computational methods. Each of these avenues presents distinct opportunities and obstacles in the pursuit of identifying novel clinical uses for established drugs. By examining the multifaceted landscape of drug repurposing, this review aims to offer comprehensive insights into its potential to transform cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- RamaRao Malla
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sathiyapriya Viswanathan
- Department of Biochemistry, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Chennai 600007, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Sree Makena
- Maharajah’s Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Vizianagaram 535217, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shruti Kapoor
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Deepak Verma
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | | | - Manikantha Dunna
- Center for Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad 500085, Telangana, India
| | - Nethaji Muniraj
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, 111, Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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Facey COB, Hunsu VO, Zhang C, Osmond B, Opdenaker LM, Boman BM. CYP26A1 Links WNT and Retinoic Acid Signaling: A Target to Differentiate ALDH+ Stem Cells in APC-Mutant CRC. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:264. [PMID: 38254755 PMCID: PMC10813786 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
APC mutation is the main driving mechanism of CRC development and leads to constitutively activated WNT signaling, overpopulation of ALDH+ stem cells (SCs), and incomplete differentiation. We previously reported that retinoic acid (RA) receptors are selectively expressed in ALDH+ SCs, which provides a way to target cancer SCs with retinoids to induce differentiation. Hypotheses: A functional link exists between the WNT and RA pathways, and APC mutation generates a WNT:RA imbalance that decreases retinoid-induced differentiation and increases ALDH+ SCs. Accordingly, to restore parity in WNT:RA signaling, we induce wt-APC expression in APC-mutant CRC cells, and we assess the ability of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) to induce differentiation. We found that ATRA increased expression of the WNT target gene, CYP26A1, and inducing wt-APC reduced this expression by 50%. Thus, the RA and WNT pathways crosstalk to modulate CYP26A1, which metabolizes retinoids. Moreover, inducing wt-APC augments ATRA-induced cell differentiation by: (i) decreasing cell proliferation; (ii) suppressing ALDH1A1 expression; (iii) decreasing ALDH+ SCs; and (iv) increasing neuroendocrine cell differentiation. A novel CYP26A1-based network that links WNT and RA signaling was also identified by NanoString profiling/bioinformatics analysis. Furthermore, CYP26A1 inhibitors sensitized CRC cells to the anti-proliferative effect of drugs that downregulate WNT signaling. Notably, in wt-APC-CRCs, decreased CYP26A1 improved patient survival. These findings have strong potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline O. B. Facey
- Cawley Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (C.O.B.F.); (V.O.H.); (C.Z.); (B.O.); (L.M.O.)
| | - Victoria O. Hunsu
- Cawley Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (C.O.B.F.); (V.O.H.); (C.Z.); (B.O.); (L.M.O.)
- Department Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Cawley Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (C.O.B.F.); (V.O.H.); (C.Z.); (B.O.); (L.M.O.)
- Department Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Brian Osmond
- Cawley Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (C.O.B.F.); (V.O.H.); (C.Z.); (B.O.); (L.M.O.)
- Department Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Lynn M. Opdenaker
- Cawley Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (C.O.B.F.); (V.O.H.); (C.Z.); (B.O.); (L.M.O.)
| | - Bruce M. Boman
- Cawley Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (C.O.B.F.); (V.O.H.); (C.Z.); (B.O.); (L.M.O.)
- Department Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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6
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Liu Y, Wang H. Biomarkers and targeted therapy for cancer stem cells. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:56-66. [PMID: 38071088 PMCID: PMC10842814 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of cancer cells with capabilities of self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenicity, and play a critical role in driving tumor heterogeneity that evolves insensitivity to therapeutics. For these reasons, extensive efforts have been made to identify and target CSCs to potentially improve the antitumor efficacy of therapeutics. While progress has been made to uncover certain CSC-associated biomarkers, the identification of CSC-specific markers, especially the targetable ones, remains a significant challenge. Here we provide an overview of the unique signaling and metabolic pathways of CSCs, summarize existing CSC biomarkers and CSC-targeted therapies, and discuss strategies to further differentiate CSCs from non-stem cancer cells and healthy cells for the development of enhanced CSC-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois (CCIL), Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carle College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Abou-Hamad J, Hodgins JJ, Yakubovich E, Vanderhyden BC, Ardolino M, Sabourin LA. Sox10-Deficient Drug-Resistant Melanoma Cells Are Refractory to Oncolytic RNA Viruses. Cells 2023; 13:73. [PMID: 38201278 PMCID: PMC10777920 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy resistance frequently develops in melanoma due to intratumor heterogeneity and epigenetic reprogramming. This also typically induces cross-resistance to immunotherapies. Whether this includes additional modes of therapy has not been fully assessed. We show that co-treatments of MAPKi with VSV-based oncolytics do not function in a synergistic fashion; rather, the MAPKis block infection. Melanoma resistance to vemurafenib further perturbs the cells' ability to be infected by oncolytic viruses. Resistance to vemurafenib can be induced by the loss of SOX10, a common proliferative marker in melanoma. The loss of SOX10 promotes a cross-resistant state by further inhibiting viral infection and replication. Analysis of RNA-seq datasets revealed an upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in SOX10 knockout populations and targeted therapy-resistant cells. Interestingly, the induction of ISGs appears to be independent of type I IFN production. Overall, our data suggest that the pathway mediating oncolytic resistance is due to the loss of SOX10 during acquired drug resistance in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Abou-Hamad
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (J.A.-H.); (E.Y.); (B.C.V.); (M.A.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Jonathan J. Hodgins
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (J.A.-H.); (E.Y.); (B.C.V.); (M.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Edward Yakubovich
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (J.A.-H.); (E.Y.); (B.C.V.); (M.A.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Barbara C. Vanderhyden
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (J.A.-H.); (E.Y.); (B.C.V.); (M.A.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Michele Ardolino
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (J.A.-H.); (E.Y.); (B.C.V.); (M.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Luc A. Sabourin
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (J.A.-H.); (E.Y.); (B.C.V.); (M.A.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
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Zhao H, Han R, Wang Z, Xian J, Bai X. Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells and Targeted Agents. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2763. [PMID: 38140103 PMCID: PMC10748092 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery, cancer stem cells have become a hot topic in cancer therapy research. These cells possess stem cell-like self-renewal and differentiation capacities and are important factors that dominate cancer metastasis, therapy-resistance and recurrence. Worse, their inherent characteristics make them difficult to eliminate. Colorectal cancer is the third-most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Targeting colorectal cancer stem cells (CR-CSCs) can inhibit colorectal cancer metastasis, enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce recurrence. Here, we introduced the origin, biomarker proteins, identification, cultivation and research techniques of CR-CSCs, and we summarized the signaling pathways that regulate the stemness of CR-CSCs, such as Wnt, JAK/STAT3, Notch and Hh signaling pathway. In addition to these, we also reviewed recent anti-CR-CSC drugs targeting signaling pathways, biomarkers and other regulators. These will help researchers gain insight into the current agents targeting to CR-CSCs, explore new cancer drugs and propose potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobin Zhao
- Department of General Practice, People’s Hospital of Longhua, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen 518109, China; (H.Z.); (J.X.)
- Endocrinology Department, People’s Hospital of Longhua, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Ruining Han
- Obstetric Department, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China;
| | - Zhankun Wang
- Emergency Department, People’s Hospital of Longhua, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen 518109, China;
| | - Junfang Xian
- Department of General Practice, People’s Hospital of Longhua, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen 518109, China; (H.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Xiaosu Bai
- Endocrinology Department, People’s Hospital of Longhua, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen 518109, China
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Cai R, Liao X, Li G, Xiang J, Ye Q, Chen M, Feng S. The use of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs during radical resection correlated with the outcome in non-small cell lung cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:358. [PMID: 37986068 PMCID: PMC10662740 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The use of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is conventional in management of postoperative pain in cancer patients, and further investigations have reported that some of these drugs correlated with the outcome in cancers. However, the prognostic value of the use of NSAIDs during surgery in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients has been less addressed. METHODS NSCLC patients staged I-III are retrospectively enrolled, and the data of the use of NSAIDs during surgery are collected. Patients are divided into two subgroups according to the use intensity (UI) (low or high) of the NSAIDs, which was calculated by the accumulate dosage of all the NSAIDs divided by the length of hospitalization. The differences of the clinical features among these groups were checked. And the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) differences in these groups were compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis; risk factors for survival were validated by using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS The UI was significant in predicting the DFS (AUC = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.57-0.73, P = 0.001) and OS (AUC = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.59-0.81, P = 0.001). Clinical features including type of resection (P = 0.001), N stages (P < 0.001), and TNM stages (P = 0.004) were significantly different in UI low (< 74.55 mg/day) or high (≥ 74.55 mg/day) subgroups. Patients in UI-high subgroups displayed significant superior DFS (log rank = 11.46, P = 0.001) and OS (log rank = 7.63, P = 0.006) than the UI-low ones. At last, the UI was found to be an independent risk factor for DFS (HR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.28-0.95, P = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS The use of NSAIDs during radical resection in NSCLC patients correlated with the outcome and patients with a relative high UI has better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzhong Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou City, Hainan Province, 570311, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuqiang Liao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou City, Hainan Province, 570311, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou City, Hainan Province, 570311, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Xiang
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Sanya City, Hainan Province, 572000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianwen Ye
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Sanya City, Hainan Province, 572000, People's Republic of China
| | - Minbiao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou City, Hainan Province, 570311, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shouhan Feng
- Department of Oncology, Huzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 313000, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Liang Y, Chen S, Xie J, Yan G, Guo T, Li T, Liu S, Zeng W, Zhang S, Ma K, Chen H, Ou Y, Wang B, Gu W, Duan Y. Establishment of a prognostic model based on m 6A regulatory factors and stemness of hepatocellular carcinoma using RNA-seq data and scRNA-seq data. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:12881-12896. [PMID: 37466793 PMCID: PMC10587019 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with high incidence and mortality is one of the most common malignant cancers worldwide. Increasing evidence has reported that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been considered as a major contribution to the occurrence and development of tumors. METHOD In our study, we comprehensively analyzed the connection between m6A regulatory factors and cancer stem cells (CSCs) of HCC to establish a clinical tool for predicting its outcome. First, we concluded that the expression level of m6A regulatory factors was related with the stemness of hepatocellular carcinoma. Subsequently, we gained a ten hub regulatory factors that were associated with prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma by overall survival (OS) analysis using ICGC and TCGA datasets, and these regulatory factors included YTHDF1, IGF2BP1, METTL3, IGF2BP3, HNRNPA2B1, IGF2BP2, RBM15B, HNRNPC, RBMX, and LRPPR. Next, we found that these ten hub m6A regulatory factors were highly expressed in CSCs, and CSCs related pathways were also enriched by the gene set variation analysis (GSVA). Then, correlation, consensus clustering and PCA analysis were performed to reveal potential therapeutic benefits of HCC. Moreover, univariate Cox regression (UNICOX), LASSON and multivariate Cox regression (MULTICOX) analyses were adopted to establish HCC prognosis prediction signature. RESULTS Four regulatory factors RBM15B, LRPPRC, IGF2BP1, and IGF2BP3 were picked as valuable prognostic indicators. CONCLUSION In summary, these ten hub regulatory factors would be useful therapeutic targets for HCC treatment, and RBM15B/LRPPRC/IGF2BP1/IGF2BP3 prognostic indicators can be used to guide therapy for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institute for Medical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Jinghe Xie
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanrong Yan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institute for Medical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Tianyang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Shoupei Liu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institute for Medical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Weiping Zeng
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Keqiang Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510800, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimeng Ou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 19 Nonglin Xia Road, Guangzhou, 510699, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bailin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Dadao West Road, Guangzhou, 510220, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weili Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuyou Duan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institute for Medical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China.
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Aroosa M, Malik JA, Ahmed S, Bender O, Ahemad N, Anwar S. The evidence for repurposing anti-epileptic drugs to target cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7667-7680. [PMID: 37418080 PMCID: PMC10460753 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08568-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Antiepileptic drugs are versatile drugs with the potential to be used in functional drug formulations with drug repurposing approaches. In the present review, we investigated the anticancer properties of antiepileptic drugs and interlinked cancer and epileptic pathways. Our focus was primarily on those drugs that have entered clinical trials with positive results and those that provided good results in preclinical studies. Many contributing factors make cancer therapy fail, like drug resistance, tumor heterogeneity, and cost; exploring all alternatives for efficient treatment is important. It is crucial to find new drug targets to find out new antitumor molecules from the already clinically validated and approved drugs utilizing drug repurposing methods. The advancements in genomics, proteomics, and other computational approaches speed up drug repurposing. This review summarizes the potential of antiepileptic drugs in different cancers and tumor progression in the brain. Valproic acid, oxcarbazepine, lacosamide, lamotrigine, and levetiracetam are the drugs that showed potential beneficial outcomes against different cancers. Antiepileptic drugs might be a good option for adjuvant cancer therapy, but there is a need to investigate further their efficacy in cancer therapy clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Aroosa
- Department of Pharmacology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Jonaid Ahmad Malik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Ropar, Ropar, India
| | - Sakeel Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Onur Bender
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nafees Ahemad
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan lagoon selatan, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, DE, Malaysia.
| | - Sirajudheen Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
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12
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Cierpikowski P, Leszczyszyn A, Bar J. The Role of Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2023; 12:2083. [PMID: 37626893 PMCID: PMC10453169 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth leading malignancy worldwide, with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Molecularly targeted therapies for HNSCC are still lacking. However, recent reports provide novel insights about many molecular alterations in HNSCC that may be useful in future therapies. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new biomarkers that may provide a better prediction of the disease and promising targets for personalized therapy. The poor response of HNSCC to therapy is attributed to a small population of tumor cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs). Growing evidence indicates that the Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of head and neck tissues. The HH pathway is normally involved in embryogenesis, stem cell renewal, and tissue regeneration. However, abnormal activation of the HH pathway is also associated with carcinogenesis and CSC regulation. Overactivation of the HH pathway was observed in several tumors, including basal cell carcinoma, that are successfully treated with HH inhibitors. However, clinical studies about HH pathways in HNSCC are still rare. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and recent advances regarding the HH pathway in HNSCC and discuss its possible implications for prognosis and future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Cierpikowski
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, The Ludwik Rydygier Specialist Hospital, Osiedle Zlotej Jesieni 1, 31-826 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Leszczyszyn
- Dental Surgery Outpatient Clinic, 4th Military Clinical Hospital, Weigla 5, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Julia Bar
- Department of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Bujwida 44, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
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13
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Ghanbari Movahed Z, Matin MM, Mansouri K, Sisakhtnezhad S. Amino acid profile changes during enrichment of spheroid cells with cancer stem cell properties in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1809. [PMID: 37092500 PMCID: PMC10172158 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs), subpopulations of cancer cells, are responsible for tumor progression, metastasis, and relapse. Changes in amino acid metabolism are linked to breast cancer recurrence and metastasis. AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the amino acid profile in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells during spheroid formation to discover the specific metabolic properties in CSCs. METHODS MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were cultured as spheroids and evaluated to characterize their CSC properties. The characteristics of CSC were evaluated by examining the expression of CSC markers and conducting drug resistance assays. In addition, amino acid profile change during the enrichment of breast cancer stem cells in the spheroids was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS The results indicated that out of 20 different amino acids analyzed, 19 of them decreased during the spheroid formation process. Alanine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, and glycine showed significant reductions in the conditioned media of both cell lines in the spheroid form compared to the monolayer cells. Only one of the amino acids increased in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 spheroids (histidine and serine, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that certain amino acids identified in this study can be used for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with breast cancer stem cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam M. Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of BiotechnologyFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research CenterKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
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14
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Nakamura D. The evaluation of tumorigenicity and characterization of colonies in a soft agar colony formation assay using polymerase chain reaction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5405. [PMID: 37012331 PMCID: PMC10070612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In regenerative medicine, the tumorigenic potency of cells in cellular therapy products (CTPs) is a major concern for their application to patients. This study presents a method-the soft agar colony formation assay using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-to evaluate tumorigenicity. MRC-5 cells, contaminated with HeLa cells, were cultured for up to 4 weeks in soft agar medium. Cell-proliferation-related mRNAs, Ki-67 and cyclin B, could be detected in 0.01% of HeLa cells after 5 days of culture, whereas cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) could be detected after 2 weeks. On the other hand, CDK2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7) were not useful to detect HeLa cells even after 4 weeks of culture. The cancer stem cell (CSC) markers, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) and CD133 in 0.01% of HeLa cells, could be detected 2 and 4 weeks after culture, respectively. However, another CSC marker CD44 was not useful because its expression was also detected in MRC-5 cells alone. This study suggests that the application of the PCR method to the soft agar colony formation assay could evaluate not only the tumorigenic potency in the short-term but also characterize the colonies, eventually improving the safety of CTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Nakamura
- BoZo Research Center Inc., Tsukuba Research Institute, 8 Okubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-2611, Japan.
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
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15
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Agrawal R, Natarajan KN. Oncogenic signaling pathways in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 159:251-283. [PMID: 37268398 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common (∼90% cases) pancreatic neoplasm and one of the most lethal cancer among all malignances. PDAC harbor aberrant oncogenic signaling that may result from the multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations such as the mutation in driver genes (KRAS, CDKN2A, p53), genomic amplification of regulatory genes (MYC, IGF2BP2, ROIK3), deregulation of chromatin-modifying proteins (HDAC, WDR5) among others. A key event is the formation of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PanIN) that often results from the activating mutation in KRAS. Mutated KRAS can direct a variety of signaling pathways and modulate downstream targets including MYC, which play an important role in cancer progression. In this review, we discuss recent literature shedding light on the origins of PDAC from the perspective of major oncogenic signaling pathways. We highlight how MYC directly and indirectly, with cooperation with KRAS, affect epigenetic reprogramming and metastasis. Additionally, we summarize the recent findings from single cell genomic approaches that highlight heterogeneity in PDAC and tumor microenvironment, and provide molecular avenues for PDAC treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Agrawal
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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16
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Viswanathan S, Parida S, Lingipilli BT, Krishnan R, Podipireddy DR, Muniraj N. Role of Gut Microbiota in Breast Cancer and Drug Resistance. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030468. [PMID: 36986390 PMCID: PMC10058520 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. The cause of cancer is multifactorial. An early diagnosis and the appropriate treatment of cancer can improve the chances of survival. Recent studies have shown that breast cancer is influenced by the microbiota. Different microbial signatures have been identified in the breast microbiota, which have different patterns depending on the stage and biological subgroups. The human digestive system contains approximately 100 trillion bacteria. The gut microbiota is an emerging field of research that is associated with specific biological processes in many diseases, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, brain disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. In this review article, we discuss the impact of the microbiota on breast cancer, with a primary focus on the gut microbiota’s regulation of the breast cancer microenvironment. Ultimately, updates on how immunotherapy can affect the breast cancer-based microbiome and further clinical trials on the breast and microbiome axis may be an important piece of the puzzle in better predicting breast cancer risk and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheetal Parida
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Bhuvana Teja Lingipilli
- Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Deemed University, Visakhapatnam 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ramalingam Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Narayana Medical College, Nellore 524003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra Rao Podipireddy
- Rangaraya Medical College, Dr. YSR University of Health Sciences, Kakinada 533001, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Nethaji Muniraj
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, 111, Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-202-476-2466
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17
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Wang N, Ma T, Yu B. Targeting epigenetic regulators to overcome drug resistance in cancers. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:69. [PMID: 36797239 PMCID: PMC9935618 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is mainly responsible for cancer recurrence and poor prognosis. Epigenetic regulation is a heritable change in gene expressions independent of nucleotide sequence changes. As the common epigenetic regulation mechanisms, DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA regulation have been well studied. Increasing evidence has shown that aberrant epigenetic regulations contribute to tumor resistance. Therefore, targeting epigenetic regulators represents an effective strategy to reverse drug resistance. In this review, we mainly summarize the roles of epigenetic regulation in tumor resistance. In addition, as the essential factors for epigenetic modifications, histone demethylases mediate the histone or genomic DNA modifications. Herein, we comprehensively describe the functions of the histone demethylase family including the lysine-specific demethylase family, the Jumonji C-domain-containing demethylase family, and the histone arginine demethylase family, and fully discuss their regulatory mechanisms related to cancer drug resistance. In addition, therapeutic strategies, including small-molecule inhibitors and small interfering RNA targeting histone demethylases to overcome drug resistance, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ting Ma
- Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Bin Yu
- Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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18
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Beutel AK, Halbrook CJ. Barriers and opportunities for gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer therapy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C540-C552. [PMID: 36571444 PMCID: PMC9925166 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00331.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has become one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths across the world. A lack of durable responses to standard-of-care chemotherapies renders its treatment particularly challenging and largely contributes to the devastating outcome. Gemcitabine, a pyrimidine antimetabolite, is a cornerstone in PDA treatment. Given the importance of gemcitabine in PDA therapy, extensive efforts are focusing on exploring mechanisms by which cancer cells evade gemcitabine cytotoxicity, but strategies to overcome them have not been translated into patient care. Here, we will introduce the standard treatment paradigm for patients with PDA, highlight mechanisms of gemcitabine action, elucidate gemcitabine resistance mechanisms, and discuss promising strategies to circumvent them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alica K Beutel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christopher J Halbrook
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Orange, California
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19
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Marcu LG, Moghaddasi L, Bezak E. Cannot Target What Cannot Be Seen: Molecular Imaging of Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021524. [PMID: 36675033 PMCID: PMC9864237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are known to play a key role in tumour development, proliferation, and metastases. Their unique properties confer resistance to therapy, often leading to treatment failure. It is believed that research into the identification, targeting, and eradication of these cells can revolutionise oncological treatment. Based on the principle that what cannot be seen, cannot be targeted, a primary step in cancer management is the identification of these cells. The current review aims to encompass the state-of-the-art functional imaging techniques that enable the identification of cancer stem cells via various pathways and mechanisms. The paper presents in vivo molecular techniques that are currently available or await clinical implementation. Challenges and future prospects are highlighted to open new research avenues in cancer stem cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana G. Marcu
- Faculty of Informatics and Science, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii Str., 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Leyla Moghaddasi
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Eva Bezak
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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20
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Moore PC, Henderson KW, Classon M. The epigenome and the many facets of cancer drug tolerance. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 158:1-39. [PMID: 36990531 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of chemotherapeutic agents and the development of new cancer therapies over the past few decades has consequently led to the emergence of myriad therapeutic resistance mechanisms. Once thought to be explicitly driven by genetics, the coupling of reversible sensitivity and absence of pre-existing mutations in some tumors opened the way for discovery of drug-tolerant persisters (DTPs): slow-cycling subpopulations of tumor cells that exhibit reversible sensitivity to therapy. These cells confer multi-drug tolerance, to targeted and chemotherapies alike, until the residual disease can establish a stable, drug-resistant state. The DTP state can exploit a multitude of distinct, yet interlaced, mechanisms to survive otherwise lethal drug exposures. Here, we categorize these multi-faceted defense mechanisms into unique Hallmarks of Cancer Drug Tolerance. At the highest level, these are comprised of heterogeneity, signaling plasticity, differentiation, proliferation/metabolism, stress management, genomic integrity, crosstalk with the tumor microenvironment, immune escape, and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. Of these, epigenetics was both one of the first proposed means of non-genetic resistance and one of the first discovered. As we describe in this review, epigenetic regulatory factors are involved in most facets of DTP biology, positioning this hallmark as an overarching mediator of drug tolerance and a potential avenue to novel therapies.
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21
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Abedi M, Rahgozar S. Puzzling Out Iron Complications in Cancer Drug Resistance. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 178:103772. [PMID: 35914667 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron metabolism are frequently disrupted in cancer. Patients with cancer are prone to anemia and receive transfusions frequently; the condition which results in iron overload, contributing to serious therapeutic complications. Iron is introduced as a carcinogen that may increase tumor growth. However, investigations regarding its impact on response to chemotherapy, particularly the induction of drug resistance are still limited. Here, iron contribution to cell signaling and various molecular mechanisms underlying iron-mediated drug resistance are described. A dual role of this vital element in cancer treatment is also addressed. On one hand, the need to administer iron chelators to surmount iron overload and improve the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy is discussed. On the other hand, the necessary application of iron as a therapeutic option by iron-oxide nanoparticles or ferroptosis inducers is explained. Authors hope that this paper can help unravel the clinical complications related to iron in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Abedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Soheila Rahgozar
- Department of Cell and Molecular biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
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22
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Ye P, Chi X, Yan X, Wu F, Liang Z, Yang WH. Alanine–Glyoxylate Aminotransferase Sustains Cancer Stemness Properties through the Upregulation of SOX2 and OCT4 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050668. [PMID: 35625596 PMCID: PMC9138635 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are a small subset of oncogenic cells with a self-renewal ability and drug resistance, and they promote the recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanisms regulating LCSCs have not been fully explored. By enriching LCSCs from spheroid cultures and performing transcriptomic analysis, we determined that alanine–glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGXT), which participates in the metabolism of serine and glycine, was significantly upregulated in spheroid cultures, and its function in LCSCs remains unknown. Through the exogenous overexpression or short hairpin RNA knockdown of AGXT in HCC cells, we observed that changes in the AGXT level did not affect the spheroid ability and population of LCSCs. The knockdown of AGXT in LCSCs reduced the number of spheroids and the population of LCSCs; this implies that AGXT is required for the maintenance of cancer stemness rather than as a driver of LCSCs. Mechanistically, AGXT may sustain the self-renewal potential of LCSCs by upregulating the expression of SRY-box transcription factor 2 (SOX2) and octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), two well-known master regulators of cancer stemness. Taken together, our study demonstrates the role of AGXT in supporting LCSCs; thus, AGXT merits further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiaoxia Chi
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiuwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Fangqin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China;
| | - Zhigang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Wen-Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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23
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Rezayatmand H, Razmkhah M, Razeghian-Jahromi I. Drug resistance in cancer therapy: the Pandora's Box of cancer stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:181. [PMID: 35505363 PMCID: PMC9066908 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is the main culprit of failure in cancer therapy that may lead to cancer relapse. This resistance mostly originates from rare, but impactful presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Ability to self-renewal and differentiation into heterogeneous cancer cells, and harboring morphologically and phenotypically distinct cells are prominent features of CSCs. Also, CSCs substantially contribute to metastatic dissemination. They possess several mechanisms that help them to survive even after exposure to chemotherapy drugs. Although chemotherapy is able to destroy the bulk of tumor cells, CSCs are left almost intact, and make tumor entity resistant to treatment. Eradication of a tumor mass needs complete removal of tumor cells as well as CSCs. Therefore, it is important to elucidate key features underlying drug resistance raised by CSCs in order to apply effective treatment strategies. However, the challenging point that threatens safety and specificity of chemotherapy is the common characteristics between CSCs and normal peers such as signaling pathways and markers. In the present study, we tried to present a comprehensive appraisal on CSCs, mechanisms of their drug resistance, and recent therapeutic methods targeting this type of noxious cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahboobeh Razmkhah
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Iman Razeghian-Jahromi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 3rd Floor, Mohammad Rasoolallah Research Tower, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran.
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24
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Chen Y, Wang MH, Wu JY, Zhu JY, Xie CF, Li XT, Wu JS, Geng SS, Li YD, Han HY, Zhong CY. ΔNp63α mediates sulforaphane suppressed colorectal cancer stem cell properties through transcriptional regulation of Nanog/Oct4/Sox2. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109067. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Sun F, Wang H, Nie J, Hong B. Repurposing disulfiram as a chemo-therapeutic sensitizer: molecular targets and mechanisms. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2920-2926. [PMID: 35430981 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666220415102553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently, chemo-therapy is still the main strategy for cancer treatment. However, chemo-therapy resistance remains its main challenge. Disulfiram [DSF] is a drug approved by FDA for the treatment of alcohol addiction, but it is later discovered that it has the anticancer activity. Importantly, there have been many literatures reporting that DSF can be used as a chemo-therapeutic sensitizer to enhance the anticancer activity of chemo-drugs in a variety of cancers. Furthermore, the combinations of DSF and chemo-drugs have been tested in clinic trials. In the review, we summarized the possible molecular targets and mechanisms of DSF to reverse chemo-resistance. We also further discussed the opportunities and challenges of DSF as a chemo-therapeutic sensitizer. In conclusion, DSF could be a potential repurposed drug to sensitize cancer cells to chemo-therapy in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jinfu Nie
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bo Hong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
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26
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Huang T, Lee JS, Klibanov AL, He J. Molecular Radiotherapy with 177Lu-Immunoliposomes Induces Cytotoxicity in Mesothelioma Cancer Stem Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3914. [PMID: 35409274 PMCID: PMC8999793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a lethal tumor originating in the mesothelium with high chemotherapeutic resistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) persist in tumors and are critical targets responsible for tumor resistance and recurrence. The identification and characterization of CSCs may help develop effective treatment for MM. The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of molecular targeted radiotherapy by 177Lu-labeled immunoliposomes (177Lu-ILs) on CSCs of mesothelioma. MM CSCs were sorted based on CD26/CD24 expression level and their functional significances were established by small interference RNA. CSC potential of MM was evaluated for drug resistance, cell invasion, and cell growth rate in vitro. CSC metabolism was evaluated with the uptake of 18F-FDG. Therapeutic effects of 177Lu-labeled immunoliposomes targeting CD26 and CD24 were evaluated in vitro through proliferation and apoptotic assays. CSCs sorted from H28 cells exhibited significant drug resistance and enhanced proliferative activity as well as increased metabolism indicated by higher 18F-FDG uptake. Treatment with 177Lu-ILs, compared with 177Lu-CL and ILs, showed enhanced therapeutic effects on inhibition of proliferation, up-regulation of apoptosis, and suppression of CD26 and CD24 expression. Thus, our results suggest that molecular radiotherapy targeting both CD26 and CD24 could be a promising approach for CSC-targeting therapy for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (T.H.); (J.S.L.)
| | - Jae Sam Lee
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (T.H.); (J.S.L.)
| | - Alexander L. Klibanov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cadiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (T.H.); (J.S.L.)
- UVa Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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27
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Xia P, Liu DH. Cancer stem cell markers for liver cancer and pancreatic cancer. Stem Cell Res 2022; 60:102701. [PMID: 35149457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) theory has ushered in a new era of cancer research. Tumor recurrence, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance are all related to the existence of cancer stem cells. Further understanding of tumor heterogeneity will contribute to targeted treatment. Liver cancer and pancreatic cancer are common digestive gland tumors with high lethality. This article reviews the identification and isolation of CSC markers in hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer. The markers related signal pathways are involved in the occurrence and development of tumors, and have a significant impact on the proliferation, metastasis and invasion of cancer cells, which can be used as potential molecular therapeutic targets. This study will be helpful to understand cancer stem cell like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xia
- Biological Anthropology Institute, College of Basic Medical Science, Liaoning Medical University, China.
| | - Da-Hua Liu
- Biological Anthropology Institute, College of Basic Medical Science, Liaoning Medical University, China
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28
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Mu X, Tu CR, Chung Y, Tsao SW, Chan GCF, Leung WH, Lau YL, Liu Y, Tu W. Exosomes derived from γδ-T cells synergize with radiotherapy and preserve antitumor activities against nasopharyngeal carcinoma in immunosuppressive microenvironment. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003832. [PMID: 35105688 PMCID: PMC8808451 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy is the first-line treatment for patients nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but its therapeutic efficacy is poor in some patients due to radioresistance. Adoptive T cell-based immunotherapy has also shown promise to control NPC; however, its antitumor efficacy may be attenuated by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Exosomes derived from γδ-T cells (γδ-T-Exos) have potent antitumor potentials. However, it remains unknown whether γδ-T-Exos have synergistic effect with radiotherapy and preserve their antitumor activities against NPC in an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Methods γδ-T-Exos were stained with fluorescent membrane dye, and their interactions with NPC were determined both in vitro and in vivo. NPC cell deaths were detected after treatment with γδ-T-Exos and/or irradiation. Moreover, effects of γδ-T-Exos on radioresistant cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) were determined. The therapeutic efficacy of combination therapy using γδ-T-Exos and irradiation on NPC tumor progression was also monitored in vivo. Finally, the tumor-killing and T cell-promoting activities of γδ-T-Exos were determined under the culture in immunosuppressive NPC supernatant. Results γδ-T-Exos effectively interacted with NPC tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. γδ-T-Exos not only killed NPC cells in vitro, which was mainly mediated by Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) and death receptor 5 (DR5)/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) pathways, but also controlled NPC tumor growth and prolonged tumor-bearing mice survival in vivo. Furthermore, γδ-T-Exos selectively targeted the radioresistant CD44+/high CSCs and induced profound cell apoptosis. The combination of γδ-T-Exos with radiotherapy overcame the radioresistance of CD44+/high NPC cells and significantly improved its therapeutic efficacy against NPC in vitro and in vivo. In addition, γδ-T-Exos promoted T-cell migration into NPC tumors by upregulating CCR5 on T cells that were chemoattracted by CCR5 ligands in the NPC tumor microenvironment. Although NPC tumor cells secreted abundant tumor growth factor beta to suppress T-cell responses, γδ-T-Exos preserved their direct antitumor activities and overcame the immunosuppressive NPC microenvironment to amplify T-cell antitumor immunity. Conclusions γδ-T-Exos synergized with radiotherapy to control NPC by overcoming the radioresistance of NPC CSCs. Moreover, γδ-T-Exos preserved their tumor-killing and T cell-promoting activities in the immunosuppressive NPC microenvironment. This study provides a proof of concept for a novel and potent strategy by combining γδ-T-Exos with radiotherapy in the control of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwei Wang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Mu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chloe Ran Tu
- Computational and Systems Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yuet Chung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Godfrey Chi-Fung Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Hang Leung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu-Lung Lau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yinping Liu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenwei Tu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Huang S, Song Y, Liang T, Zhang JR, Zhu JJ. CRISPR System-Linked Self-Assembling Nanoplatforms for Inspection and Screening of Gastric Cancer Stem Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104622. [PMID: 34874610 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess a high degree of plasticity, constituting a formidable challenge to identify and screen CSCs in situ with outstanding specificity and sensitivity. To overcome this limitation, a self-assembled heterodimer consisting of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas12a (named A-CCA) linkage is designed for in situ identification and screening of gastric CSCs (GCSCs) from gastric cancer cells (GCCs). In this system, the editable character of crRNA performs recognition of dual-targets in GCSCs, effectively boosting the specificity of identification, while the enzymatic reaction of Cas12a contributes meaningfully to the sensitivity of sensing, enabling in situ examination and screening of GCSCs. Specifically, the A-CCA nanoplatforms hybridized with ABCG 2 and ABCB 1 overexpress in GCSCs, which can generate heterodimers and simultaneously restore the function of trans-cleavage. At this time, the asymmetry of the heterodimer causes a circular dichroism signal, which together with the recovered fluorescence signal form a dual-signals output system that can further ensure the precision of screening GCSC. Therefore, fluorescence-enhanced GCSCs can be sorted out from GCCs by flow cytometry. Furthermore, GCSCs screened by this assay possess extremely aggressive tumorigenic efficiency, providing a fundamental research object for further developing CSC targeted drugs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yuexin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Tingxizi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Nanjing University Jinling College, Nanjing, 210089, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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30
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Chen Y, Tang L, Ye X, Chen Y, Shan E, Han H, Zhong C. Regulation of ZO-1 on β-catenin mediates sulforaphane suppressed colorectal cancer stem cell properties in colorectal cancer. Food Funct 2022; 13:12363-12370. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02932d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ZO-1 suppresses colorectal CSCs by interacting with β-Catenin and attenuating its nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - LvYuwei Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xinrong Ye
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yimeng Chen
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Enfang Shan
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hongyu Han
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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31
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Gajate C, Gayet O, Fraunhoffer NA, Iovanna J, Dusetti N, Mollinedo F. Induction of Apoptosis in Human Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells by the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeted Alkylphospholipid Analog Edelfosine and Potentiation by Autophagy Inhibition. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236124. [PMID: 34885233 PMCID: PMC8656492 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies with a poor and gloomy prognosis and the highest mortality-to-incidence ratio. Pancreatic cancer remains an incurable malignancy, and current therapies are ineffective. We isolated cancer stem cells (CSCs) from the human PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell line as CD44+CD24+EpCAM+ cells. These CSCs form pancreatic cancer spheres or spheroids and develop tumors in SCID mice after subcutaneous injection of as few as 100 cells per mouse. Here, we found that the alkylphospholipid analog edelfosine inhibited CSC pancreatic cancer spheroid formation and induced cell death, as assessed by an increase in the percentage of cells in the sub-G0/G1 region by means of flow cytometry, indicative of DNA breakdown and apoptosis. This correlated with an increase in caspase-3 activity and PARP breakdown, as a major substrate of caspase-3, following PANC-1 CSC treatment with edelfosine. The antitumor ether lipid edelfosine colocalized with the endoplasmic reticulum in both PANC-1 cells as well as PANC-1 CSCs by using a fluorescent edelfosine analog, and induced an endoplasmic reticulum stress response in both PANC-1 cells and PANC-1 CSCs, with a potent CHOP/GADD153 upregulation. Edelfosine elicited a strong autophagy response in both PANC-1 cells and PANC-1 CSCs, and preincubation of CSCs with autophagy inhibitors, chloroquine or bafilomycin A1, enhanced edelfosine-induced apoptosis. Primary cultures from pancreatic cancer patients were sensitive to edelfosine, as well as their respective isolated CSCs. Nontumorigenic pancreatic human cell line HPNE and normal human fibroblasts were largely spared. These data suggest that pancreatic CSCs isolated from established cell lines and pancreatic cancer patients are sensitive to edelfosine through its accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Gajate
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Odile Gayet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (O.G.); (N.A.F.); (J.I.); (N.D.)
| | - Nicolas A. Fraunhoffer
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (O.G.); (N.A.F.); (J.I.); (N.D.)
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (O.G.); (N.A.F.); (J.I.); (N.D.)
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (O.G.); (N.A.F.); (J.I.); (N.D.)
| | - Faustino Mollinedo
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Liu H, Xiang Y, Zong QB, Zhang XY, Wang ZW, Fang SQ, Zhang TC, Liao XH. miR-6745-TIMP1 axis inhibits cell growth and metastasis in gastric cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:24402-24416. [PMID: 34775375 PMCID: PMC8610132 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) has been reported to act as a tumor oncogene in colon cancer. However, little is known about the biological role of TIMP1 in gastric cancer. In this study, we found that the expression of TIMP1 in GC tissues was upregulated compared with the normal gastric tissues. TIMP1 was confirmed as a direct target of miR-6745 and silencing TIMP1 mimicked the effects of miR-6745 in GC cells. Further mechanism studies have shown that miR-6745 inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by targeting TIMP1, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In addition, through the analysis of GC tissues, a negative correlation between miR-6745 and TIMP1 was found in 42 GC tissues. Our findings indicate that the miR-6745-TIMP1 axis regulates Wnt/βcatenin signaling and participates in GC tumorigenesis and provide a potential therapeutic target for preventing GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430081, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Xiang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430081, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Bei Zong
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430081, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430081, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Wen Wang
- Yueyang Key Laboratory of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, Yueyang Vocational and Technical College, Hunan 414000, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Qiang Fang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Tong-Cun Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430081, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Hua Liao
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430081, P.R. China
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33
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Histone Modifications in Stem Cell Development and Their Clinical Implications. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 15:1196-1205. [PMID: 33296672 PMCID: PMC7724464 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human stem cells bear a great potential for multiple therapeutic applications but at the same time constitute a major threat to human health in the form of cancer stem cells. The molecular processes that govern stem cell maintenance or differentiation have been extensively studied in model organisms or cell culture, but it has been difficult to extrapolate these insights to therapeutic applications. Recent advances in the field suggest that local and global changes in histone modifications that affect chromatin structure could influence the capability of cells to either maintain their stem cell identity or differentiate into specialized cell types. The enzymes that regulate these modifications are therefore among the prime targets for potential drugs that can influence and potentially improve the therapeutic application of stem cells. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the role of histone modifications in stem cell regulation and their potential implications for clinical applications.
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Abou-Mrad Z, Bou Gharios J, Moubarak MM, Chalhoub A, Moussalem C, Bahmad HF, Abou-Kheir W. Central nervous system tumors and three-dimensional cell biology: Current and future perspectives in modeling. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1112-1126. [PMID: 34567429 PMCID: PMC8422930 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i8.1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are a variety of distinct neoplasms that present multiple challenges in terms of treatment and prognosis. Glioblastoma, the most common primary tumor in adults, is associated with poor survival and remains one of the least treatable neoplasms. These tumors are highly heterogenous and complex in their nature. Due to this complexity, traditional cell culturing techniques and methods do not provide an ideal recapitulating model for the study of these tumors’ behavior in vivo. Two-dimensional models lack the spatial arrangement, the heterogeneity in cell types, and the microenvironment that play a large role in tumor cell behavior and response to treatment. Recently, scientists have turned towards three-dimensional culturing methods, namely spheroids and organoids, as they have been shown to recapitulate tumors in a more faithful manner to their in vivo counterparts. Moreover, tumor-on-a-chip systems have lately been employed in CNS tumor modeling and have shown great potential in both studying the pathophysiology and therapeutic testing. In this review, we will discuss the current available literature on in vitro three-dimensional culturing models in CNS tumors, in addition to presenting their advantages and current limitations. We will also elaborate on the future implications of these models and their benefit in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki Abou-Mrad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Jolie Bou Gharios
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Maya M Moubarak
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Chalhoub
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Charbel Moussalem
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Hisham F Bahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, United States
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
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Elmusrati A, Wang J, Wang CY. Tumor microenvironment and immune evasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:24. [PMID: 34341329 PMCID: PMC8329257 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), an aggressive malignancy, is characterized by high morbidity and low survival rates with limited therapeutic options outside of regional surgery, conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, and irradiation. Increasing studies have supported the synergistic role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer advancement. The immune system, in particular, plays a key role in surveillance against the initiation, development, and progression of HNSCC. The understanding of how neoplastic cells evolve and evade the immune system whether through self-immunogenicity manipulation, or expression of immunosuppressive mediators, provides the foundation for the development of advanced therapies. Furthermore, the crosstalk between cancer cells and the host immune system have a detrimental effect on the TME promoting angiogenesis, proliferation, and metastasis. This review provides a recent insight into the role of the key inflammatory cells infiltrating the TME, with a focus on reviewing immunological principles related to HNSCC, as cancer immunosurveillance and immune escape, including a brief overview of current immunotherapeutic strategies and ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areeg Elmusrati
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Justin Wang
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
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Davern M, Donlon NE, Power R, Hayes C, King R, Dunne MR, Reynolds JV. The tumour immune microenvironment in oesophageal cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:479-494. [PMID: 33903730 PMCID: PMC8368180 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer (OC) is an inflammation-associated malignancy linked to gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, obesity and tobacco use. Knowledge of the microenvironment of oesophageal tumours is relevant to our understanding of the development of OC and its biology, and has major implications for understanding the response to standard therapies and immunotherapies, as well as for uncovering novel targets. In this context, we discuss what is known about the TME in OC from tumour initiation to development and progression, and how this is relevant to therapy sensitivity and resistance in the two major types of OC. We provide an immunological characterisation of the OC TME and discuss its prognostic implications with specific comparison with the Immunoscore and immune-hot, -cold, altered-immunosuppressed and -altered-excluded models. Targeted therapeutics for the TME under pre-clinical and clinical investigation in OCs are also summarised. A deeper understanding of the TME will enable the development of combination approaches to concurrently target the tumour cells and TME delivering precision medicine to OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Davern
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Noel E Donlon
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert Power
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conall Hayes
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ross King
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Margaret R Dunne
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John V Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Loilome W, Dokduang H, Suksawat M, Padthaisong S. Therapeutic challenges at the preclinical level for targeted drug development for Opisthorchis viverrini-associated cholangiocarcinoma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:985-1006. [PMID: 34292795 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1955102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumor of bile duct epithelium with the highest incidence found in Thailand. Some patients are considered suitable for adjuvant therapy and surgical resection is currently the curative treatment for CCA patients. Tumor recurrence is still a hurdle after treatment; hence, finding novel therapeutic strategies to combat CCA is necessary for improving outcome for patients. AREAS COVERED We discuss targeted therapies and other novel treatment approaches which include protein kinase inhibitors, natural products, amino acid transporter-based inhibitors, immunotherapy, and drug repurposing. We also examine the challenges of tumor heterogeneity, cancer stem cells (CSCs), the tumor microenvironment, exosomes, multiomics studies, and the potential of precision medicine. EXPERT OPINION Because CCA is difficult to diagnose at the early stage, the traditional treatment approaches are not effective for many patients and most tumors recur. Consequently, researchers are exploring multi-aspect molecular carcinogenesis to uncover molecular targets for further development of novel targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharin Loilome
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Hasaya Dokduang
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Manida Suksawat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sureerat Padthaisong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Phytomedicines Targeting Cancer Stem Cells: Therapeutic Opportunities and Prospects for Pharmaceutical Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070676. [PMID: 34358102 PMCID: PMC8308767 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of small subpopulations of cells within tumor cells are known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). These cells have been the reason for metastasis, resistance with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and tumor relapse in several types of cancers. CSCs underwent to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and resulted in the development of aggressive tumors. CSCs have potential to modulate numerous signaling pathways including Wnt, Hh, and Notch, therefore increasing the stem-like characteristics of cancer cells. The raised expression of drug efflux pump and suppression of apoptosis has shown increased resistance with anti-cancer drugs. Among many agents which were shown to modulate these, the plant-derived bioactive agents appear to modulate these key regulators and were shown to remove CSCs. This review aims to comprehensively scrutinize the preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating the effects of phytocompounds on CSCs isolated from various tumors. Based on the available convincing literature from preclinical studies, with some clinical data, it is apparent that selective targeting of CSCs with plants, plant preparations, and plant-derived bioactive compounds, termed phytochemicals, may be a promising strategy for the treatment of relapsed cancers.
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Imazeki H, Ogiwara Y, Kawamura M, Boku N, Kudo-Saito C. CD11b +CTLA4 + myeloid cells are a key driver of tumor evasion in colorectal cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002841. [PMID: 34261702 PMCID: PMC8280900 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor metastasis is the major cause of death of colorectal cancer (CRC), and metastatic CRC remains incurable in many cases despite great advances in genetic and molecular profiling, and clinical development of numerous drugs, including immune checkpoint inhibitors. Thus, more effective treatments are urgently needed for the patients in clinical settings. Methods We used mouse CRC metastasis models that murine Colon26 cells were subcutaneously and intravenously implanted and attempted to elucidate the tumor biological and immunological mechanisms underlying cancer metastasis. Then, we evaluated in vivo antitumor efficacy induced by agents targeting the identified molecular mechanisms using the mouse models. We validated the clinical relevancy of the findings using peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from stage IV metastatic CRC patients. Results CD11b+CTLA4+ myeloid cells were systemically expanded in the metastatic settings and facilitated tumor progression and metastasis directly via generating lipid droplets in tumor cells and indirectly via inducing immune exhaustion. These events were mediated by IL1B produced via the CTLA4 signaling from the increased myeloid cells. Blocking CTLA4 and IL1B with the specific mAbs significantly suppressed tumor progression and metastasis in the mouse models resistant to anti-PD1 therapy, and the therapeutic efficacy was optimized by blocking cyclooxygenases with aspirin. Conclusions The CD11b+CTLA4+ cells are a key driver of tumor evasion, and targeting the CTLA4-IL1B axis could be a promising strategy for treating metastatic CRC. The triple combination regimen with anti-CTLA4/IL1B mAbs and aspirin may be useful in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Imazeki
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yamato Ogiwara
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Kawamura
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narikazu Boku
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chie Kudo-Saito
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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Mirzaei S, Gholami MH, Zabolian A, Saleki H, Farahani MV, Hamzehlou S, Far FB, Sharifzadeh SO, Samarghandian S, Khan H, Aref AR, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Sethi G. Caffeic acid and its derivatives as potential modulators of oncogenic molecular pathways: New hope in the fight against cancer. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105759. [PMID: 34245864 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As a phenolic acid compound, caffeic acid (CA) can be isolated from different sources such as tea, wine and coffee. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is naturally occurring derivative of CA isolated from propolis. This medicinal plant is well-known due to its significant therapeutic impact including its effectiveness as hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and anti-diabetic agent. Among them, anti-tumor activity of CA has attracted much attention, and this potential has been confirmed both in vitro and in vivo. CA can induce apoptosis in cancer cells via enhancing ROS levels and impairing mitochondrial function. Molecular pathways such as PI3K/Akt and AMPK with role in cancer progression, are affected by CA and its derivatives in cancer therapy. CA is advantageous in reducing aggressive behavior of tumors via suppressing metastasis by inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition mechanism. Noteworthy, CA and CAPE can promote response of cancer cells to chemotherapy, and sensitize them to chemotherapy-mediated cell death. In order to improve capacity of CA and CAPE in cancer suppression, it has been co-administered with other anti-tumor compounds such as gallic acid and p-coumaric acid. Due to its poor bioavailability, nanocarriers have been developed for enhancing its ability in cancer suppression. These issues have been discussed in the present review with a focus on molecular pathways to pave the way for rapid translation of CA for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Saleki
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Fatemeh Bakhtiari Far
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Omid Sharifzadeh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Vice President at Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc. 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Sun Y, Liu Y, Ma X, Hu H. The Influence of Cell Cycle Regulation on Chemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6923. [PMID: 34203270 PMCID: PMC8267727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle regulation is orchestrated by a complex network of interactions between proteins, enzymes, cytokines, and cell cycle signaling pathways, and is vital for cell proliferation, growth, and repair. The occurrence, development, and metastasis of tumors are closely related to the cell cycle. Cell cycle regulation can be synergistic with chemotherapy in two aspects: inhibition or promotion. The sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs can be improved with the cooperation of cell cycle regulation strategies. This review presented the mechanism of the commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs and the effect of the cell cycle on tumorigenesis and development, and the interaction between chemotherapy and cell cycle regulation in cancer treatment was briefly introduced. The current collaborative strategies of chemotherapy and cell cycle regulation are discussed in detail. Finally, we outline the challenges and perspectives about the improvement of combination strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Qingdao Institute of Measurement Technology, Qingdao 266000, China;
| | - Hao Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.S.); (Y.L.)
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Wang F, Younis M, Luo Y, Zhang L, Yuan L. Iguratimod-encapsulating PLGA-NPs induce human multiple myeloma cell death via reactive oxygen species and Caspase-dependent signalling. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 95:107532. [PMID: 33756230 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human multiple myeloma (MM) is a currently incurable haematopoietic malignancies. Our research investigate the anti-tumour effect of iguratimod (IGU) encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) PLGA nanoparticles (IGU-PLGA-NPs) on MM cells in vitro and in vivo. A significant inhibitory effect of IGU-PLGA-NPs on MM cancer cells and MM CSCs was demonstrated by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Treatment with IGU-PLGA-NPs induced significant cell cycle arrest at G1 in MM cells and reduced tumour colony formation in MM CSCs. Mechanistically, IGU-PLGA-NPs increase apoptosis in MM cells by activating Caspase-dependent signalling pathway to increase the levels of bax, cytochrome c (cyt-c), caspase-9 and caspase-3 proteins. Moreover, IGU-PLGA-NPs effectively increase ROS production assayed using a DCFH-DA fluorescent probe in MM cells. The data indicate that IGU-PLGA-NPs induce a significant reduction in the tumour volume and a marked increase in the survival rate in a mouse model of multiple myeloma. Overall, our findings indicate that IGU-PLGA-NPs are a potential therapeutic strategy that may contribute to the therapy of MM and elimination of MM CSCs in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faming Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, # 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Muhammad Younis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, # 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yao Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, # 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, # 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liudi Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, # 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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Lim JR, Mouawad J, Gorton OK, Bubb WA, Kwan AH. Cancer stem cell characteristics and their potential as therapeutic targets. Med Oncol 2021; 38:76. [PMID: 34050825 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a tumour subpopulation whose capacity for self-renewal, differentiation and proliferation generates unfavourable patient outcomes, including therapeutic resistance and metastasis. Much research has focused on the generation, biomarkers and therapeutic resistance of CSCs, as well as the development of CSC-targeted therapies. Reviews to date have either addressed general CSC characteristics or focused on CSCs from a well-studied cancer. Increasingly, specific treatment plans based on identification of molecular features and biomarkers of a patient's cancer, rather than classification according to tissue origin or bulk tumour properties, are leading to better patient outcomes. Here, we compare CSC characteristics, specifically their biomarkers and molecular features, and identify those that are common to a number of cancers. Identification of CSC markers that suggest therapeutic strategies has led to several successful in vitro and animal tests, recommending clinical trials of treatments with potentially enhanced therapeutic benefits, especially for recurring cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ann H Kwan
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Zhang Z, Xu Y, Zhao C. Fzd7/Wnt7b signaling contributes to stemness and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Med 2021; 10:3332-3345. [PMID: 33934523 PMCID: PMC8124113 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mining databases and data obtained from assays on human specimens had shown that Fzd7 is closely associated with Wnt7b, that Fzd7/Wnt7b expression is upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues compared with normal tissues, and its expression is negatively correlated with survival. Fzd7/Wnt7b knockdown in Capan‐2 and Panc‐1 cells reduced the proliferative capacity of pancreatic cancer stem cells (PCSCs), reduced drug resistance, decreased the percentage of CD24+CD44+ subset of cells and the levels of ABCG2, inhibited cell‐sphere formation, and reduced gemcitabine (GEM) resistance. In contrast, Fzd7/Wnt7b overexpression increased the percentage of the CD24+CD44+ subset of cells, and increased the levels of ABCG2 detected in cell spheroids. The gem‐resistant cells exhibited higher levels of Fzd7/Wnt7b expression, an increased percentage of CD24+CD44+ cells, and higher levels of ABCG2 compared with the parental cells. Taken together, Fzd7/Wnt7b knockdown can reduce PDAC cell stemness and chemoresistance by reducing the percentage of CSCs. Mechanistically, Fzd7 binds with Wnt7b and modulates the levels of β‐catenin, and they may exert their role via modulation of the canonical Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Chenghai Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
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45
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Targeting the crosstalk between canonical Wnt/β-catenin and inflammatory signaling cascades: A novel strategy for cancer prevention and therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 227:107876. [PMID: 33930452 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging scientific evidence indicates that inflammation is a critical component of tumor promotion and progression. Most cancers originate from sites of chronic irritation, infections and inflammation, underscoring that the tumor microenvironment is largely orchestrated by inflammatory cells and pro-inflammatory molecules. These inflammatory components are intimately involved in neoplastic processes which foster proliferation, survival, invasion, and migration, making inflammation the primary target for cancer prevention and treatment. The influence of inflammation and the immune system on the progression and development of cancer has recently gained immense interest. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, an evolutionarily conserved signaling strategy, has a critical role in regulating tissue development. It has been implicated as a major player in cancer development and progression with its regulatory role on inflammatory cascades. Many naturally-occurring and small synthetic molecules endowed with inherent anti-inflammatory properties inhibit this aberrant signaling pathway, making them a promising class of compounds in the fight against inflammatory cancers. This article analyzes available scientific evidence and suggests a crosslink between Wnt/β-catenin signaling and inflammatory pathways in inflammatory cancers, especially breast, gastrointestinal, endometrial, and ovarian cancer. We also highlight emerging experimental findings that numerous anti-inflammatory synthetic and natural compounds target the crosslink between Wnt/β-catenin pathway and inflammatory cascades to achieve cancer prevention and intervention. Current challenges, limitations, and future directions of research are also discussed.
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46
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Jia M, Jia X, Zhang D, Liu W, Yi S, Li Z, Cong B, Ma C, Li S, Zhang J. CD2 + T-helper 17-like cells differentiated from a CD133 + subpopulation of non-small cell lung carcinoma cells promote the growth of lung carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:687. [PMID: 33987385 PMCID: PMC8106049 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) give rise to a diverse variety of differentiated cells, which comprise the bulk of the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the exact multi-directional differentiation potential of CSCs has not been fully clarified. This study was designed to explore whether CSCs differentiate into cellular components of the TME to promote the growth of lung carcinoma. Methods The present of CD133+, CD2+, and CD133+CD2+ cells in both clinical lung adenocarcinoma tissue and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines were monitored using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Array, flow cytometry (FCM), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistofluorescence (IF). Stem-like properties of CD133+ cells and CD2+ cells were detected by sphere formation assay, IF, and western blot. Colony formation and xenograft tumors experiments were performed to assess the malignant behaviors of CD2+ cells. The differentiation of CD133+ cells to CD2+ Th17-like cells was observed by FCM. The interleukin (IL)-2/phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 5 (pSTAT5)/retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) signaling pathway was evaluated by western blot and FCM. Results We found that CD133+ cells within both clinical lung adenocarcinoma tissue and NSCLC cell lines included a subset of CD2-expressing cells, which were correlated with the grade of malignancy (r=0.7835, P<0.01) and exhibited stem-like properties. Then, we determined the tumorigenic effects of CD2 on the growth of transplanted Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC1) in C57/BL6 mice. The results indicated that CD2+ cells were effective in promoting tumor growth in vivo (P<0.01). Furthermore, we obtained direct evidence of an ability of CD133+ cells to transform to T-helper 17-like cells via an intermediate CD133+CD2+ progenitor cell that is able to secrete IL-17A and IL-23. Furthermore, we found that IL-2 can inhibit the production of T-helper 17-like cells (P<0.001) by modulating the activation of STAT5 signaling pathways to downregulate the expression of RORγt (P<0.001). Conclusions Our data demonstrates that Th17-like cells generated from CSCs support cancer progression. These findings enrich the definition of multidirectional differentiation potential of CSCs and improve the understanding of the role of CSCs in cancer progression, which aids the improvement and creation of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Jia
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xianxian Jia
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenxuan Liu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shanyong Yi
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Cong
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China.,College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chunling Ma
- Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China.,College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shujin Li
- Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China.,College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Tuy K, Rickenbacker L, Hjelmeland AB. Reactive oxygen species produced by altered tumor metabolism impacts cancer stem cell maintenance. Redox Biol 2021; 44:101953. [PMID: 34052208 PMCID: PMC8212140 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS) at sustainable levels can drive multiple facets of tumor biology, including within the cancer stem cell (CSC) population. Tight regulation of ROS is one key component in CSCs that drives disease recurrence, cell signaling, and therapeutic resistance. While ROS are well-appreciated to need oxygen and are a product of oxidative phosphorylation, there are also important roles for ROS under hypoxia. As hypoxia promotes and sustains major stemness pathways, further consideration of ROS impacts on CSCs in the tumor microenvironment is important. Furthermore, glycolytic shifts that occur in cancer and may be promoted by hypoxia are associated with multiple mechanisms to mitigate oxidative stress. This altered metabolism provides survival advantages that sustain malignant features, such as proliferation and self-renewal, while producing the necessary antioxidants that reduce damage from oxidative stress. Finally, disease recurrence is believed to be attributed to therapy resistant CSCs which can be quiescent and have changes in redox status. Effective DNA damage response pathways and/or a slow-cycling state can protect CSCs from the genomic catastrophe induced by irradiation and genotoxic agents. This review will explore the delicate, yet complex, relationship between ROS and its pleiotropic role in modulating the CSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaysaw Tuy
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lucas Rickenbacker
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anita B Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Targeting Oncoimmune Drivers of Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030554. [PMID: 33535613 PMCID: PMC7867187 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Residual metastasis is a major cause of cancer-associated death. Recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the related cancer stem cells (CSCs) have revealed the landscapes of cancer metastasis and are promising contributions to clinical treatments. However, this rarely leads to practical advances in the management of cancer in clinical settings, and thus cancer metastasis is still a threat to patients. The reason for this may be the heterogeneity and complexity caused by the evolutional transformation of tumor cells through interactions with the host environment, which is composed of numerous components, including stromal cells, vascular cells, and immune cells. The reciprocal evolution further raises the possibility of successful tumor escape, resulting in a fatal prognosis for patients. To disrupt the vicious spiral of tumor-immunity aggravation, it is important to understand the entire metastatic process and the practical implementations. Here, we provide an overview of the molecular and cellular links between tumors' biological properties and host immunity, mainly focusing on EMT and CSCs, and we also highlight therapeutic agents targeting the oncoimmune determinants driving cancer metastasis toward better practical use in the treatment of cancer patients.
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Biochemical pathways of copper complexes: progress over the past 5 years. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1086-1096. [PMID: 33486113 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace element with vital roles in many metalloenzymes; it is also prominent among nonplatinum anticancer metallodrugs. Copper-based complexes are endogenously biocompatible, tenfold more potent than cisplatin, exhibit fewer adverse effects, and have a wide therapeutic window. In cancer biology, copper acts as an antitumor agent by inhibiting cancer via multiple pathways. Herein, we present an overview of advances in copper complexes as 'lead' antitumor drug candidates, and in understanding their biochemical and pharmacological pathways over the past 5 years. This review will help to develop more efficacious therapeutics to improve clinical outcomes for cancer treatments.
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The Harmonious Interplay of Amino Acid and Monocarboxylate Transporters Induces the Robustness of Cancer Cells. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11010027. [PMID: 33401672 PMCID: PMC7823946 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence that metabolic reprogramming contributes to the acquisition and maintenance of robustness associated with malignancy. The fine regulation of expression levels of amino acid and monocarboxylate transporters enables cancer cells to exhibit the metabolic reprogramming that is responsible for therapeutic resistance. Amino acid transporters characterized by xCT (SLC7A11), ASCT2 (SLC1A5), and LAT1 (SLC7A5) function in the uptake and export of amino acids such as cystine and glutamine, thereby regulating glutathione synthesis, autophagy, and glutaminolysis. CD44 variant, a cancer stem-like cell marker, stabilizes the xCT antiporter at the cellular membrane, and tumor cells positive for xCT and/or ASCT2 are susceptible to sulfasalazine, a system Xc(-) inhibitor. Inhibiting the interaction between LAT1 and CD98 heavy chain prevents activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 by glutamine and leucine. mTOR signaling regulated by LAT1 is a sensor of dynamic alterations in the nutrient tumor microenvironment. LAT1 is overexpressed in various malignancies and positively correlated with poor clinical outcome. Metabolic reprogramming of glutamine occurs often in cancer cells and manifests as ASCT2-mediated glutamine addiction. Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) mediate metabolic symbiosis, by which lactate in cancer cells under hypoxia is exported through MCT4 and imported by MCT1 in less hypoxic regions, where it is used as an oxidative metabolite. Differential expression patterns of transporters cause functional intratumoral heterogeneity leading to the therapeutic resistance. Therefore, metabolic reprogramming based on these transporters may be a promising therapeutic target. This review highlights the pathological function and therapeutic targets of transporters including xCT, ASCT2, LAT1, and MCT.
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