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Zieger K, Cao C, Engele J. Evaluating CXCL12 for Effects on Reactive Gene Expression in Primary Astrocytes. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:57. [PMID: 38802573 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02231-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Upon injury to the CNS, astrocytes undergo morphological and functional changes commonly referred to as astrocyte reactivity. Notably, these reactive processes include altered expression of factors that control immune processes and neuronal survival, as well as increased expression of the CXCL12 receptor, CXCR7/ACKR3. We now asked whether these events are related in that the astrocytic CXCL12 system modulates immune responses and/or neuronal survival. Short-term exposure of astrocytes cultured from the postnatal rat cortex to CXCL12 prominently increased the expression of serpine1/PAI1 on the mRNA level, but showed either no or only minor effects on the expression of additional reactive genes, selected from previous array studies. CXCL12-induced increases in PAI1 protein levels were only detectable in the additional presence of chemokines/cytokines, suggesting that translation of serpine1 mRNA depends on the cooperation of various factors. As expected, expression of most of the selected genes increased after acute or chronic activation of astrocytes with either LPS or a combination of IL-1β and TNFα. CXCL12 partially attenuated expression of some of the LPS and IL-1β/TNFα-induced genes under acute conditions, in particular those encoding CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and CCL5. Taken together, these findings argue for the involvement of the astrocyte CXCL12 system in the control of the immune response of the injured CNS, where it may control distinct steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstanze Zieger
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carolina Cao
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Engele
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Oncostatin M: From Intracellular Signaling to Therapeutic Targets in Liver Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174211. [PMID: 36077744 PMCID: PMC9454586 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancers represent the third-most-common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with an incidence of 80–90% for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 10–15% for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), and an increasing morbidity and mortality rate. Although HCC and CCA originate from independent cell populations (hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells, respectively), they develop in chronically inflamed livers. Evidence obtained in the last decade has revealed a role for cytokines of the IL-6 family in the development of primary liver cancers. These cytokines operate through the receptor subunit gp130 and the downstream Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathways. Oncostatin M (OSM), a member of the IL-6 family, plays a significant role in inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer, including liver tumors. Although, in recent years, therapeutic approaches for the treatment of HCC and CCA have been implemented, limited treatment options with marginal clinical benefits are available. We discuss how OSM-related pathways can be selectively inhibited and therapeutically exploited for the treatment of liver malignancies.
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MALAT1 accelerates proliferation and inflammation and suppresses apoptosis of endometrial stromal cells via the microRNA-142-3p/CXCR7 axis. Reprod Biol 2022; 22:100675. [PMID: 35901619 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2022.100675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MALAT1, microRNA (miR)-142-3p, and CXCR7 are critical molecules mediating endometriosis progression, and their correlation in endometriosis has been barely discussed. Thus, this research sought to survey the impact of MALAT1 on endometrial stromal cell (ESC) proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation via miR-142-3p/CXCR7 axis to promote explorations on endometriosis. In endometrial tissues and ESCs, CXCR7 expression was determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis and miR-142-3p and MALAT1 expression by qRT-PCR. Then, ESC proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 and EdU labeling assays, apoptosis by flow cytometry, and levels of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in ESC supernatant by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The interactions among CXCR7, miR-142-3p, and MALAT1 were evaluated by dual luciferase reporter gene, RNA pull-down, and Argonaute 2- RNA immunoprecipitation assays. At last, the relevance of miR-142-3p to MALAT1 and that of miR-142-3p to CXCR7 in ectopic endometrial tissues were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. CXCR7 and MALAT1 were overexpressed whilst miR-142-3p was lowly expressed in ectopic endometrial tissues. CXCR7 silencing or miR-142-3p overexpression reduced proliferative ability and enhanced apoptosis rate in ESCs and decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in cell supernatant. miR-142-3p negatively targeted CXCR7 while MALAT1 negatively targeted miR-142-3p. However, MALAT1 silencing diminished ESC proliferation and TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in ESC supernatant and elevated ESC apoptosis, which was counterweighed by inhibiting miR-142-3p. Conclusively, MALAT1 promoted ESC proliferation and inflammatory factor expression and inhibited ESC apoptosis via miR-142-3p/CXCR axis.
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4
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Goïta AA, Guenot D. Colorectal Cancer: The Contribution of CXCL12 and Its Receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071810. [PMID: 35406582 PMCID: PMC8997717 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Many signaling pathways are involved in cancer progression, and among these pathways, the CXCL12 axis and its two receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 are well described for many cancers. This review presents the current knowledge on the role played by each of the actors of this axis in colorectal cancer and on its consideration in the development of new therapeutic strategies. Abstract Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers, and diagnosis at late metastatic stages is the main cause of death related to this cancer. This progression to metastasis is complex and involves different molecules such as the chemokine CXCL12 and its two receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7. The high expression of receptors in CRC is often associated with a poor prognosis and aggressiveness of the tumor. The interaction of CXCL12 and its receptors activates signaling pathways that induce chemotaxis, proliferation, migration, and cell invasion. To this end, receptor inhibitors were developed, and their use in preclinical and clinical studies is ongoing. This review provides an overview of studies involving CXCR4 and CXCR7 in CRC with an update on their targeting in anti-cancer therapies.
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Endothelial ACKR3 drives atherosclerosis by promoting immune cell adhesion to vascular endothelium. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:30. [PMID: 35674847 PMCID: PMC9177477 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the foundation of potentially fatal cardiovascular diseases and it is characterized by plaque formation in large arteries. Current treatments aimed at reducing atherosclerotic risk factors still allow room for a large residual risk; therefore, novel therapeutic candidates targeting inflammation are needed. The endothelium is the starting point of vascular inflammation underlying atherosclerosis and we could previously demonstrate that the chemokine axis CXCL12-CXCR4 plays an important role in disease development. However, the role of ACKR3, the alternative and higher affinity receptor for CXCL12 remained to be elucidated. We studied the role of arterial ACKR3 in atherosclerosis using western diet-fed Apoe-/- mice lacking Ackr3 in arterial endothelial as well as smooth muscle cells. We show for the first time that arterial endothelial deficiency of ACKR3 attenuates atherosclerosis as a result of diminished arterial adhesion as well as invasion of immune cells. ACKR3 silencing in inflamed human coronary artery endothelial cells decreased adhesion molecule expression, establishing an initial human validation of ACKR3's role in endothelial adhesion. Concomitantly, ACKR3 silencing downregulated key mediators in the MAPK pathway, such as ERK1/2, as well as the phosphorylation of the NF-kB p65 subunit. Endothelial cells in atherosclerotic lesions also revealed decreased phospho-NF-kB p65 expression in ACKR3-deficient mice. Lack of smooth muscle cell-specific as well as hematopoietic ACKR3 did not impact atherosclerosis in mice. Collectively, our findings indicate that arterial endothelial ACKR3 fuels atherosclerosis by mediating endothelium-immune cell adhesion, most likely through inflammatory MAPK and NF-kB pathways.
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Gentilini A, Lori G, Caligiuri A, Raggi C, Di Maira G, Pastore M, Piombanti B, Lottini T, Arcangeli A, Madiai S, Navari N, Banales JM, Di Matteo S, Alvaro D, Duwe L, Andersen JB, Tubita A, Tusa I, Di Tommaso L, Campani C, Rovida E, Marra F. Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 5 Regulates the Malignant Phenotype of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells. Hepatology 2021; 74:2007-2020. [PMID: 33959996 PMCID: PMC8518067 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is characterized by high resistance to chemotherapy and poor prognosis. Several oncogenic pathways converge on activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), whose role in CCA has not been explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ERK5 in the biology of CCA. APPROACH AND RESULTS ERK5 expression was detected in two established (HuCCT-1 and CCLP-1) and two primary human intrahepatic CCA cell lines (iCCA58 and iCCA60). ERK5 phosphorylation was increased in CCA cells exposed to soluble mediators. In both HuCCT-1 and CCLP-1 cells, ERK5 was localized in the nucleus, and exposure to fetal bovine serum (FBS) further increased the amount of nuclear ERK5. In human CCA specimens, ERK5 mRNA expression was increased in tumor cells and positively correlated with portal invasion. ERK5 protein levels were significantly associated with tumor grade. Growth, migration, and invasion of CCA cells were decreased when ERK5 was silenced using specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The inhibitory effects on CCA cell proliferation, migration and invasion were recapitulated by treatment with small molecule inhibitors targeting ERK5. In addition, expression of the angiogenic factors VEGF and angiopoietin 1 was reduced after ERK5 silencing. Conditioned medium from ERK5-silenced cells had a lower ability to induce tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells and to induce migration of myofibroblasts and monocytes/macrophages. In mice, subcutaneous injection of CCLP-1 cells silenced for ERK5 resulted in less frequent tumor development and smaller size of xenografts compared with cells transfected with nontargeting shRNA. CONCLUSIONS ERK5 is a key mediator of growth and migration of CCA cells and supports a protumorigenic crosstalk between the tumor and the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gentilini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Giulia Lori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Alessandra Caligiuri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Chiara Raggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Giovanni Di Maira
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Mirella Pastore
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Benedetta Piombanti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Tiziano Lottini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Annarosa Arcangeli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Stefania Madiai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Nadia Navari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Jesus M. Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal DiseasesBiodonostia Health Research InstituteCIBERehdIkerbasqueSan SebastianSpain
| | - Sabina Di Matteo
- Department of ImmunologyBambino Gesù Children’s HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical SpecialtiesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Lea Duwe
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC)Dept. of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jesper B. Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC)Dept. of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Alessandro Tubita
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”University of FlorenceItaly
| | - Ignazia Tusa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”University of FlorenceItaly
| | - Luca Di Tommaso
- Pathology UnitHumanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCSRozzanoItaly
| | - Claudia Campani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Elisabetta Rovida
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”University of FlorenceItaly
| | - Fabio Marra
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
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7
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Khare T, Bissonnette M, Khare S. CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 Axis in Colorectal Cancer: Therapeutic Target in Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147371. [PMID: 34298991 PMCID: PMC8305488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that promote cancer growth, metastasis, and regulate resistance to chemotherapy. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) also known as C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12), a prognostic factor, is an extracellular homeostatic chemokine that is the natural ligand for chemokine receptors C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), also known as fusin or cluster of differentiation 184 (CD184) and chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7). CXCR4 is the most widely expressed rhodopsin-like G protein coupled chemokine receptor (GPCR). The CXCL12–CXCR4 axis is involved in tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). CXCR7, recently termed as atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3), is amongst the G protein coupled cell surface receptor family that is also commonly expressed in a large variety of cancer cells. CXCR7, like CXCR4, regulates immunity, angiogenesis, stem cell trafficking, cell growth and organ-specific metastases. CXCR4 and CXCR7 are expressed individually or together, depending on the tumor type. When expressed together, CXCR4 and CXCR7 can form homo- or hetero-dimers. Homo- and hetero-dimerization of CXCL12 and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 alter their signaling activity. Only few drugs have been approved for clinical use targeting CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 axis. Several CXCR4 inhibitors are in clinical trials for solid tumor treatment with limited success whereas CXCR7-specific inhibitors are still in preclinical studies for CRC. This review focuses on current knowledge of chemokine CXCL12 and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7, with emphasis on targeting the CXCL12–CXCR4/CXCR7 axis as a treatment strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Khare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Sharad Khare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-573-884-8904; Fax: +1-573-885-4595
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8
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Ma TL, Zhou Y, Zhang CY, Gao ZA, Duan JX. The role and mechanism of β-arrestin2 in signal transduction. Life Sci 2021; 275:119364. [PMID: 33741415 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
β-arrestin2 is a ubiquitously expressed scaffold protein localized on the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. It was originally found to bind to GPCRs, uncoupling G proteins and receptors' binding and inhibiting the signal transduction of the GPCRs. Further investigations have revealed that β-arrestin2 not only mediates the desensitization of GPCRs but also serves as a multifunctional scaffold to mediate receptor internalization, kinase activation, and regulation of various signaling pathways, such as TLR4/NF-κB, MAPK, Wnt, TGF-β, and AMPK/mTOR pathways. β-arrestin2 regulates cell invasion, migration, autophagy, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory effects by regulating various signaling pathways, which play a vital role in many physiological and pathological processes. This paper reviews the structure and function of β-arrestin2, the regulation of β-arrestin2 based signaling pathways. The role and mechanism of β-arrestin2 signaling have been delineated in sufficient detail. The prospect of regulating the expression and activity of β-arrestin2 in multisystem diseases holds substantial therapeutic promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Liang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Impants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Zi-Ang Gao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jia-Xi Duan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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Zhang J, Xiao C, Feng Z, Gong Y, Sun B, Li Z, Lu Y, Fei X, Wu W, Sun X, Teng L. SOX4 promotes the growth and metastasis of breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:468. [PMID: 33005101 PMCID: PMC7523060 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01568-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Increasing evidence has shown that the transcription factor SOX4 is closely associated with the development and progression of many malignant tumors. However, the effect of SOX4 on breast cancer is unclear. In this study, we purposed to investigate the role of SOX4 in the growth and metastasis in breast cancer and the underlying mechanism. Moreover, the effect of SOX4 on cancer cell resistance to chemotherapeutic agents was also evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Methods We used lentivirus technique to ectopically express SOX4 in MDA-MB-231 and SUM149 cells or knockdown SOX4 in BT474 cells, and examined the effect of these changes on various cellular functions. MTT assay was used to determine the cell viability as well as resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. The regulation of SOX4 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes was analyzed using qRT-PCR. The binding of SOX4 to the CXCR7 gene was demonstrated using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and dual-luciferase reporter activity assay. The effect of SOX4/CXCR7 axis on metastasis was examined using Transwell migration and Matrigel invasion assays. The expression of SOX4/CXCR7 in primary tumors and metastatic foci in lymph nodes was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Cellular morphology was investigated under phase contrast microscope and transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, the effect of SOX4 on tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy was also studied in vivo by using bioluminescent imaging. Results SOX4 increased breast cancer cell viability, migration, and invasion in vitro and enhanced tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. It regulated EMT-related genes and bound to CXCR7 promoter to upregulate CXCR7 transcription. Both SOX4 and CXCR7 were highly expressed in human primary tumors and metastatic foci in lymph nodes. Treatment of breast cancer cells with the CXCR7 inhibitor CCX771 reversed the SOX4 effect on cell migration and invasion. Ectopic expression of SOX4 increased the susceptibility of cells to paclitaxel. Conclusions SOX4 plays an important role in the growth and metastasis of breast cancer. SOX4/CXCR7 may serve as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment. Paclitaxel may be a good therapeutic option if the expression level of SOX4 is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003 People's Republic of China.,Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Chunhua Xiao
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA.,First Department of Breast Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 1 Huan-Hu Xi Road, Ti-Yuan Bei, He Xi, Tianjin, 300060 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenbo Feng
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Gong
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Baohua Sun
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Zhongqi Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003 People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Lu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Fei
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003 People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhu Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Sun
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Lisong Teng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003 People's Republic of China
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Smit MJ, Schlecht-Louf G, Neves M, van den Bor J, Penela P, Siderius M, Bachelerie F, Mayor F. The CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 Axis in the Tumor Microenvironment: Signaling, Crosstalk, and Therapeutic Targeting. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 61:541-563. [PMID: 32956018 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Elevated expression of the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and ACKR3 and of their cognate ligand CXCL12 is detected in a wide range of tumors and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Yet, the molecular mechanisms by which the CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 axis contributes to the pathogenesis are complex and not fully understood. To dissect the role of this axis in cancer, we discuss its ability to impinge on canonical and less conventional signaling networks in different cancer cell types; its bidirectional crosstalk, notably with receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and other factors present in the TME; and the infiltration of immune cells that supporttumor progression. We discuss current and emerging avenues that target the CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 axis. Coordinately targeting both RTKs and CXCR4/ACKR3 and/or CXCL12 is an attractive approach to consider in multitargeted cancer therapies. In addition, inhibiting infiltrating immune cells or reactivating the immune system along with modulating the CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 axis in the TME has therapeutic promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine J Smit
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, Netherlands;
| | - Géraldine Schlecht-Louf
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - Maria Neves
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, 92140 Clamart, France.,Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC/UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jelle van den Bor
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, Netherlands;
| | - Petronila Penela
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC/UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Siderius
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, Netherlands;
| | - Françoise Bachelerie
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - Federico Mayor
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC/UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Caligiuri A, Pastore M, Lori G, Raggi C, Di Maira G, Marra F, Gentilini A. Role of Chemokines in the Biology of Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082215. [PMID: 32784743 PMCID: PMC7463556 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a heterogeneous tumor with poor prognosis, can arise at any level in the biliary tree. It may derive from epithelial cells in the biliary tracts and peribiliary glands and possibly from progenitor cells or even hepatocytes. Several risk factors are responsible for CCA onset, however an inflammatory milieu nearby the biliary tree represents the most common condition favoring CCA development. Chemokines play a key role in driving the immunological response upon liver injury and may sustain tumor initiation and development. Chemokine receptor-dependent pathways influence the interplay among various cellular components, resulting in remodeling of the hepatic microenvironment towards a pro-inflammatory, pro-fibrogenic, pro-angiogenic and pre-neoplastic setting. Moreover, once tumor develops, chemokine signaling may influence its progression. Here we review the role of chemokines in the regulation of CCA development and progression, and the modulation of angiogenesis, metastasis and immune control. The potential role of chemokines and their receptors as possible biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets for hepatobiliary cancer is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabio Marra
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (A.G.); Tel.: +39-055-2758095 or +39-055-2758498 or +39-055-2758499 (F.M.); +39-055-2751801 (A.G.)
| | - Alessandra Gentilini
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (A.G.); Tel.: +39-055-2758095 or +39-055-2758498 or +39-055-2758499 (F.M.); +39-055-2751801 (A.G.)
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Xin Q, Sun Q, Zhang CS, Zhang Q, Li CJ. Functions and mechanisms of chemokine receptor 7 in tumors of the digestive system. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:2448-2463. [PMID: 32607322 PMCID: PMC7322425 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i12.2448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 7 (CXCR7), recently termed ACKR3, belongs to the G protein-coupled cell surface receptor family, binds to stromal cell-derived factor-1 [SDF-1, or chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12] or chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11, and is the most common chemokine receptor expressed in a variety of cancer cells. SDF-1 binds to its receptor chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) and regulates cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis and migration. In recent years, another new receptor for SDF-1, CXCR7, has been discovered, and CXCR7 has also been found to be expressed in a variety of tumor cells and tumor-related vascular endothelial cells. Many studies have shown that CXCR7 can promote the growth and metastasis of a variety of malignant tumor cells. Unlike CXCR4, CXCR7 exhibits a slight modification in the DRYLAIV motif and does not induce intracellular Ca2+ release following ligand binding, which is essential for recruiting and activating G proteins. CXCR7 is generally thought to work in three ways: (1) Recruiting β-arrestin 2; (2) Heterodimerizing with CXCR4; and (3) Acting as a “scavenger” of SDF-1, thus lowering the level of SDF-1 to weaken the activity of CXCR4. In the present review, the expression and role of CXCR7, as well as its prognosis in cancers of the digestive system, were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xin
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin 300170, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Quan Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Chuan-Shan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Chun-Jun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Health Management Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300121, China
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