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Yamashita Y, Takeuchi T, Endo Y, Goto A, Uno M, Sakaki S, Yamaguchi Y, Takenaka H, Yamashita H. The effect of Dunaliella tertiolecta supplementation on diet-induced obesity in UCP1-deficient mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 88:16-25. [PMID: 37777845 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that dietary supplementation with Dunaliella tertiolecta (DT) increases uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and improves diet-induced obesity (DIO) in C57BL/6 J mice at thermoneutrality (30 °C). Here, we investigated whether DT improves DIO in a thermoneutral UCP1-deficient (KO) animal. KO mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with DT for 12 weeks. Compared to control group without DT, body weight was significantly reduced in DT group with no difference in food intake. Dunaliella tertiolecta-supplemented mice exhibited lower adiposity and well-maintained multilocular morphology in BAT, in which a significant increase in gene expression of PR domain containing 16 was detected in DT group compared to control group. Moreover, increase in UCP2 level and/or decrease in ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation were detected in adipose tissues of DT group relative to control group. These results suggest that DT supplementation improves DIO by stimulating UCP1-independent energy dissipation at thermoneutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Tamaki Takeuchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Yuki Endo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Ayumi Goto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Misa Uno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Setsuko Sakaki
- MAC Gifu Research Institute, MicroAlgae Corporation , Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamaguchi
- MAC Gifu Research Institute, MicroAlgae Corporation , Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Hitoshi Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
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Luo Y, Chen Q, Zou J, Fan J, Li Y, Luo Z. Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Exposure Alternative to Exercise Alleviates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity and Fatty Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095209. [PMID: 35563600 PMCID: PMC9104027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity often concurs with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), both of which are detrimental to human health. Thus far, exercise appears to be an effective treatment approach. However, its effects cannot last long and, moreover, it is difficult to achieve for many obese people. Thus, it is necessary to look into alternative remedies. The present study explored a noninvasive, easy, tolerable physical alternative. In our experiment, C57BL/6 mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce overweight/obesity and were exposed to 10% oxygen for one hour every day. We found that hypoxia exerted protective effects. First, it offset HFD-induced bodyweight gain and insulin resistance. Secondly, hypoxia reversed the HFD-induced enlargement of white and brown adipocytes and fatty liver, and protected liver function. Thirdly, HFD downregulated the expression of genes required for lipolysis and thermogenesis, such as UCP1, ADR3(beta3-adrenergic receptor), CPT1A, ATGL, PPARα, and PGC1α, M2 macrophage markers arginase and CD206 in the liver, and UCP1 and PPARγ in brown fat, while these molecules were upregulated by hypoxia. Furthermore, hypoxia induced the activation of AMPK, an energy sensing enzyme. Fourthly, our results showed that hypoxia increased serum levels of epinephrine. Indeed, the effects of hypoxia on bodyweight, fatty liver, and associated changes in gene expression ever tested were reproduced by injection of epinephrine and prevented by propranolol at varying degrees. Altogether, our data suggest that hypoxia triggers stress responses where epinephrine plays important roles. Therefore, our study sheds light on the hope to use hypoxia to treat the daunting disorders, obesity and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Schools of Basic Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (Y.L.); (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (J.F.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qiongfeng Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Schools of Basic Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (Y.L.); (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (J.F.); (Y.L.)
| | - Junrong Zou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Schools of Basic Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (Y.L.); (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (J.F.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jingjing Fan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Schools of Basic Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (Y.L.); (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (J.F.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuanjun Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Schools of Basic Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (Y.L.); (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (J.F.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhijun Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Schools of Basic Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (Y.L.); (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (J.F.); (Y.L.)
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-158-7917-7010
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Endo Y, Hashimoto M, Kusudo T, Okada T, Takeuchi T, Goto A, Yamashita H. CREG1 improves diet-induced obesity via uncoupling protein 1-dependent manner in mice. Genes Cells 2022; 27:202-213. [PMID: 35007381 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thermogenic brown and beige adipocytes express uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and stimulate energy metabolism, protecting against obesity and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 1 (CREG1) can stimulate thermogenic fat formation, induce UCP1, and reduce diet-induced obesity (DIO) in mice at normal room temperature. In this study, we investigated the effect of CREG1 administration and the importance of UCP1 in DIO inhibition under thermoneutral conditions at 30°C, which attenuate thermogenic fat formation. Interestingly, subcutaneous administration of recombinant CREG1 protein via an osmotic pump in C57BL/6J mice for four weeks increased UCP1 expression in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT), inhibited visceral white fat hypertrophy with partial browning, and reduced DIO compared with that in PBS-treated mice. The mRNA expression of energy metabolism-related genes was significantly increased in the IBAT of CREG1-treated mice compared to that in PBS-treated mice. In contrast, adipocyte-specific overexpression of CREG1 failed to improve DIO in UCP1-knockout mice at thermoneutrality. Our results indicate the therapeutic potential of CREG1 administration for obesity under thermogenic fat-attenuating conditions and highlight the indispensable role of UCP1 in the DIO-inhibitory effect of CREG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Endo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Michihiro Hashimoto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kusudo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Tamaki Takeuchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Ayumi Goto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
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Gu P, Hui X, Zheng Q, Gao Y, Jin L, Jiang W, Zhou C, Liu T, Huang Y, Liu Q, Nie T, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhao J, Xu A. Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 antagonizes atherosclerosis by blocking NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent interleukin-1β production. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabl4024. [PMID: 34878840 PMCID: PMC8654294 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl4024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is the hallmark of brown adipocytes responsible for cold- and diet-induced thermogenesis. Here, we report a previously unidentified role of UCP1 in maintaining vascular health through its anti-inflammatory actions possibly in perivascular adipose tissue. UCP1 deficiency exacerbates dietary obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and atherogenesis in mice, which was not rectified by reconstitution of UCP1 in interscapular brown adipose tissue. Mechanistically, lack of UCP1 augments mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial superoxide, leading to hyperactivation of the NLRP3-inflammasome and caspase-1–mediated maturation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). UCP1 deficiency–evoked deterioration of vascular dysfunction and atherogenesis is reversed by IL-1β neutralization or a chemical mitochondrial uncoupler. Furthermore, UCP1 knockin pigs (which lack endogenous UCP1) are refractory to vascular inflammation and coronary atherosclerosis. Thus, UCP1 acts as a gatekeeper to prevent NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β production in the vasculature, thereby conferring a protective effect against cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Corresponding author. (A.X.); (X.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Qiantao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leigang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weimin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Changsheng Zhou
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Nie
- Clinical Department of Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author. (A.X.); (X.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Corresponding author. (A.X.); (X.H.); (J.Z.)
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Wang Y, Jiang HF, Liu BB, Chen LL, Wang Y, Liu XY, Suo M, Wu XF. Brown Adipose Tissue Activation Is Involved in Atherosclerosis of ApoE -/- Mice Induced by Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:751519. [PMID: 34765657 PMCID: PMC8576199 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.751519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea is an atherogenesis factor of which chronic intermittent hypoxia is a prominent feature. Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) exposure can sufficiently activate the sympathetic system, which acts on the β3 adrenergic receptors of brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, the activity of BAT and its function in CIH-induced atherosclerosis have not been fully elucidated. Methods: This study involved ApoE−/− mice which were fed with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks and grouped into control and CIH group. During the last 8 weeks, mice in the CIH group were housed in cages to deliver CIH (12 h per day, cyclic inspiratory oxygen fraction 5–20.9%, 180 s cycle). Atherosclerotic plaques were evaluated by Oil Red O, hematoxylin and eosin, Masson staining, and immunohistochemistry. Afterward, we conducted immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and qRT-PCR of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) to investigate the activation of BAT. The level of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and free fatty acid (FFA) were measured. Finally, RNA-Sequencing was deployed to explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their enriched pathways between control and CIH groups. Results: Chronic intermittent hypoxia exposure promoted atherosclerotic plaque area with increasing CD68, α-SMA, and collagen in plaques. BAT activation was presented during CIH exposure with UCP1 up-regulated. Serum TC, triglyceride, LDL-c, and FFA were increased accompanied by BAT activation. HDL-c was decreased. Mechanistically, 43 lipolysis and lipid metabolism-associated mRNA showed different expression profiling between the groups. Calcium, MAPK, and adrenergic signaling pathway included the most gene number among the significantly enriched pathways. Conclusion: This study first demonstrated that BAT activation is involved in the progression of CIH-induced atherosclerosis, possibly by stimulating lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Feng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bei-Bei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei-Lei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Suo
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Choi EY, Park CY, Ho SH, Park SJ, Kim D, Han B, Kim SH. Anti-Obesity Effects of Artemisia annua Extract in Zucker Fatty Rats and High-Fat Diet Sprague Dawley Rats through Upregulation of Uncoupling Protein 1. J Obes Metab Syndr 2021; 30:32-43. [PMID: 33479187 PMCID: PMC8017327 DOI: 10.7570/jomes20097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a widespread disease and is caused mainly by excessive adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation. Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP) are major components for regulating adipocyte differentiation. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is a transmembrane protein that can convert white fat to brown adipose tissue. Artemisia annua L. has long been used in East Asia as an herbal drug for anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-obesity purposes. Methods We investigated the effects of water extracts of A. annua (WEAA) in C3H10T1/2, a mesenchymal stem cell line, by measuring the level of intracellular fat accumulation and the expression of genes associated with adipocyte differentiation. We also evaluated anti-obesity effects of WEAA in Zucker rats, a genetic model for the study of obesity, and in Sprague Dawley rats with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Results In this study, WEAA reduced the expression levels of PPARγ and C/EBPα in C3H10T1/2 cells, as well as the expression of enzymes that regulate fatty acid metabolism. In the Zucker fatty rat model and the HFD-induced obesity rat model, WEAA significantly decreased adipogenic differentiation and white fat accumulation between the scapulae, in contrast to the brown fat that remained unchanged between the groups. A. annua suppressed the expression of the adipocyte differentiation-promoting genes, while increasing the expression of UCP1. Conclusion These results indicated that WEAA could reduce adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation in in vitro and in vivo model systems, resulting in suppression of obesity and the occurrence of fatty liver due to a HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Donghyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoungduck Han
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Mukherjee S, Yun JW. Novel regulatory roles of UCP1 in osteoblasts. Life Sci 2021; 276:119427. [PMID: 33785331 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The bone-adipose axis requires complex homeostasis in energy and global metabolism. The bioenergetics of bone establishes the necessary energy balance to coordinate endocrine functions that are affected by various factors and is not limited to matrix proteins only. UCP1 is an uncoupling protein of adipocytes, commonly known for its unique feature of promoting thermogenesis, mainly in brown fat; however, the effects of UCP1 in other cell types remain unreported. MAIN METHODS In the current study, we determined the roles of UCP1 in osteoblasts by silencing the Ucp1 gene in MC-3T3-E1 cells, as well as C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells, and explored its functional activities. KEY FINDINGS Our results demonstrate for the first time the presence of UCP1 in osteoblast cells. We identified that UCP1 regulates ATP and oxidative phosphorylation in MC-3T3-E1 cells. In addition, our data reveal that the lack of Ucp1 results in reduced expressions of regulatory proteins involved in scavenging of ROS by enhancing an autophagic event to balance osteogenic differentiation. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, this study highlights a novel perspective on the importance of UCP1 in bone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulagna Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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Yamashita Y, Takeuchi T, Endo Y, Goto A, Sakaki S, Yamaguchi Y, Takenaka H, Yamashita H. Dietary Supplementation with Dunaliella Tertiolecta Prevents Whitening of Brown Fat and Controls Diet-Induced Obesity at Thermoneutrality in Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061686. [PMID: 32516922 PMCID: PMC7352257 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of evodiamine-containing microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta (DT) on the prevention of diet-induced obesity in a thermoneutral C57BL/6J male (30 °C). It attenuates the activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT), which accelerates diet-induced obesity. Nine-week-old mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with 10 g (Low group) or 25 g (High group) DT powder per kg food for 12 weeks. Compared to control mice without DT supplementation, body weight gain was significantly reduced in the High group with no difference in food intake. Tissue analyses indicated maintenance of multilocular morphology in BAT and reduced fat deposition in liver in DT-supplemented mice. Molecular analysis showed a significant decrease in mammalian target of rapamycin−ribosomal S6 protein kinase signaling pathway in white adipose tissue and upregulation in mRNA expression of brown fat-associated genes including fibroblast growth factor-21 (Fgf21) and uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) in BAT in the High group compared to the control. In the experiments using C3H10T1/2 adipocytes, DT extract upregulated mRNA expression of brown fat-associated genes in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners, accompanied by a significant increase in secreted FGF21 levels. Our data show the ability of DT as a nutraceutical to prevent brown fat attenuation and diet-induced obesity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan; (Y.Y.); (T.T.); (Y.E.); (A.G.)
| | - Tamaki Takeuchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan; (Y.Y.); (T.T.); (Y.E.); (A.G.)
| | - Yuki Endo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan; (Y.Y.); (T.T.); (Y.E.); (A.G.)
| | - Ayumi Goto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan; (Y.Y.); (T.T.); (Y.E.); (A.G.)
| | - Setsuko Sakaki
- MAC Gifu Research Institute, MicroAlgae Corporation, 4-15 Akebono, Gifu 500-8148, Japan; (S.S.); (Y.Y.); (H.T.)
| | - Yuji Yamaguchi
- MAC Gifu Research Institute, MicroAlgae Corporation, 4-15 Akebono, Gifu 500-8148, Japan; (S.S.); (Y.Y.); (H.T.)
| | - Hiroyuki Takenaka
- MAC Gifu Research Institute, MicroAlgae Corporation, 4-15 Akebono, Gifu 500-8148, Japan; (S.S.); (Y.Y.); (H.T.)
| | - Hitoshi Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan; (Y.Y.); (T.T.); (Y.E.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-568-51-6017
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