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Mokhtarpour K, Razi S, Rezaei N. Ferroptosis as a promising targeted therapy for triple negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024:10.1007/s10549-024-07387-7. [PMID: 38874688 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a challenging subtype characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression. Standard treatment options are limited, and approximately 45% of patients develop distant metastasis. Ferroptosis, a regulated form of cell death triggered by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, has emerged as a potential targeted therapy for TNBC. METHODS This study utilizes a multifaceted approach to investigate the induction of ferroptosis as a therapeutic strategy for TNBC. It explores metabolic alterations, redox imbalance, and oncogenic signaling pathways to understand their roles in inducing ferroptosis, characterized by lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and altered cellular morphology. Critical pathways such as Xc-/GSH/GPX4, ACSL4/LPCAT3, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) are examined for their regulatory roles in ferroptosis and their potential dysregulation contributing to cancer cell survival and resistance. RESULTS Inducing ferroptosis has been shown to inhibit tumor growth, enhance the efficacy of conventional therapies, and overcome drug resistance in TNBC. Lipophilic antioxidants, GPX4 inhibitors, and inhibitors of the Xc- system have been demonstrated to be potential ferroptosis inducers. Additionally, targeting the NRF2 pathway and exploring other ferroptosis regulators, such as ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), and the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway, may offer novel therapeutic avenues. CONCLUSION Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms, optimize therapeutic strategies, and evaluate the safety and efficacy of ferroptosis-targeted therapies in TNBC treatment. Overall, targeting ferroptosis represents a promising approach to improving treatment outcomes and overcoming the challenges posed by TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Mokhtarpour
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Razi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Imunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Imunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden.
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Zhang N, Nao J, Zhang S, Dong X. Novel insights into the activating transcription factor 4 in Alzheimer's disease and associated aging-related diseases: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Front Neuroendocrinol 2024:101144. [PMID: 38797197 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Ageing is inherent to all human beings, most mechanistic explanations of ageing results from the combined effects of various physiological and pathological processes. Additionally, aging pivotally contributes to several chronic diseases. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a member of the ATF/cAMP response element-binding protein family, has recently emerged as a pivotal player owing to its indispensable role in the pathophysiological processes of Alzheimer's disease and aging-related diseases. Moreover, ATF4 is integral to numerous biological processes. Therefore, this article aims to comprehensively review relevant research on the role of ATF4 in the onset and progression of aging-related diseases, elucidating its potential mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Our objective is to furnish scientific evidence for the early identification of risk factors in aging-related diseases and pave the way for new research directions for their treatment. By elucidating the signaling pathway network of ATF4 in aging-related diseases, we aspire to gain a profound understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms, offering novel strategies for addressing aging and developing related therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Seventh Clinical College of China Medical University, No. 24 Central Street, Xinfu District, Fushun 113000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jianfei Nao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China.
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Li Y, Zhao Y, Zhong G, Xu Q, Tan Y, Xing W, Cao D, Wang Y, Liu C, Li J, Du R, Sun W, Yuan X, Li Y, Liu Z, Jin X, Zhao D, Song J, Wang Y, Kan G, Han X, Liu S, Yuan M, Gao F, Shu J, Li Y, Ling S. Vascular smooth muscle cell-specific miRNA-214 deficiency alleviates simulated microgravity-induced vascular remodeling. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23369. [PMID: 38100642 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300727r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The human cardiovascular system has evolved to accommodate the gravity of Earth. Microgravity during spaceflight has been shown to induce vascular remodeling, leading to a decline in vascular function. The underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Our previous study demonstrated that miR-214 plays a critical role in angiotensin II-induced vascular remodeling by reducing the levels of Smad7 and increasing the phosphorylation of Smad3. However, its role in vascular remodeling evoked by microgravity is not yet known. This study aimed to determine the contribution of miR-214 to the regulation of microgravity-induced vascular remodeling. The results of our study revealed that miR-214 expression was increased in the forebody arteries of both mice and monkeys after simulated microgravity treatment. In vitro, rotation-simulated microgravity-induced VSMC migration, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and inflammation were repressed by miR-214 knockout (KO) in VSMCs. Additionally, miR-214 KO increased the level of Smad7 and decreased the phosphorylation of Smad3, leading to a decrease in downstream gene expression. Furthermore, miR-214 cKO protected against simulated microgravity induced the decline in aorta function and the increase in stiffness. Histological analysis showed that miR-214 cKO inhibited the increases in vascular medial thickness that occurred after simulated microgravity treatment. Altogether, these results demonstrate that miR-214 has potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of vascular remodeling caused by simulated microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyou Li
- Department of Physical Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yunzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guohui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
- School of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Core Facilities Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
- School of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dengchao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yinbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Caizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ruikai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weijia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yeheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zizhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Dingsheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jinping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghan Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Min Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingdan Shu
- Department of Physical Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shukuan Ling
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, China
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Ludtka C, Allen JB. The Effects of Simulated and Real Microgravity on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. GRAVITATIONAL AND SPACE RESEARCH : PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR GRAVITATIONAL AND SPACE RESEARCH 2024; 12:46-59. [PMID: 38846256 PMCID: PMC11156189 DOI: 10.2478/gsr-2024-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
As considerations are being made for the limitations and safety of long-term human spaceflight, the vasculature is important given its connection to and impact on numerous organ systems. As a major constituent of blood vessels, vascular smooth muscle cells are of interest due to their influence over vascular tone and function. Additionally, vascular smooth muscle cells are responsive to pressure and flow changes. Therefore, alterations in these parameters under conditions of microgravity can be functionally disruptive. As such, here we review and discuss the existing literature that assesses the effects of microgravity, both actual and simulated, on smooth muscle cells. This includes the various methods for achieving or simulating microgravity, the animal models or cells used, and the various durations of microgravity assessed. We also discuss the various reported findings in the field, which include changes to cell proliferation, gene expression and phenotypic shifts, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and Ca2+ signaling. Additionally, we briefly summarize the literature on smooth muscle tissue engineering in microgravity as well as considerations of radiation as another key component of spaceflight to contextualize spaceflight experiments, which by their nature include radiation exposure. Finally, we provide general recommendations based on the existing literature's focus and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ludtka
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Josephine B. Allen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Ding L, Zhu H, Wang K, Huang R, Yu W, Yan B, Zhou B, Wang H, Yang Z, Liu Z, Wang J. Quercetin alleviates cadmium-induced BRL-3A cell apoptosis by inhibiting oxidative stress and the PERK/IRE1α/ATF6 signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:125790-125805. [PMID: 38001299 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic environmental pollutant. The liver is an important metabolic organ in the body and is susceptible to Cd toxicity attacks. Quercetin (Que) is a flavonoid compound with pharmacological activities of scavenging free radicals and antioxidant activity. Previous studies have shown that Que can alleviate Cd caused hepatocyte apoptosis in rats, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. To explore the specific mechanism, we established a model of Cd toxicity and Que rescue in BRL-3A cells and used 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), an endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) inhibitor, as positive control. Set up a control group, Cd treatment group, Cd and Que co treatment group, Que treatment group, Cd and 4-PBA co treatment group, and 4-PBA treatment group. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) method was employed to measure cell viability. Fluorescence staining was applied to observe cell apoptosis. Flow cytometry was performed to detect reactive oxygen species levels. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot method was adopted to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of ERS and apoptosis-related genes. The results showed that compared with the control group, the Cd treated group showed a significant decrease in cell viability (P < 0.01), an increase in intracellular ROS levels, and apoptosis. The mRNA and protein expression levels of ERS and apoptosis related factors such as GRP78, IRE1α, XBP1, ATF6, Caspase-12, Caspase-3 and Bax in the cells were significantly increased (P < 0.01), while the mRNA and protein expression levels of Bcl-2 were significantly reduced (P < 0.01). Compared with the Cd treatment group, the Cd and Que co treatment group and the Cd and 4-PBA co treatment group showed a significant increase in cell viability (P < 0.01), a decrease in intracellular ROS levels, a decrease in cell apoptosis, and a significant decrease in the expression levels of ERS and apoptosis related factors mRNA and protein (P < 0.01), as well as a significant increase in Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression (P < 0.01). We confirmed that Que could alleviate the apoptosis caused by Cd in BRL-3A cells, and the effects of Que were similar to those of ERS inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12, East Wenhui Road, 225009, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huali Zhu
- Law Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruxue Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingzhao Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bianhua Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12, East Wenhui Road, 225009, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jicang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023, Luoyang, People's Republic of China.
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An J, Du C, Xue W, Huang J, Zhong Y, Ren G, Shang Y, Xu B. Endoplasmic reticulum stress participates in apoptosis of HeLa cells exposed to TPHP and OH-TPHP via the eIF2α-ATF4/ATF3-CHOP-DR5/P53 signaling pathway. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:1159-1170. [PMID: 38145092 PMCID: PMC10734570 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is a widely used organophosphate flame retardant, which can be transformed in vivo into diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) and 4-hydroxyphenyl phosphate (diphenyl) ester (OH-TPHP) through biotransformation process. Accumulation of TPHP and its derivatives in biological tissues makes it necessary to investigate their toxicity and molecular mechanism. Methods The present study evaluated the cellular effects of TPHP, DPHP, and OH-TPHP on cell survival, cell membrane damage, oxidative damage, and cell apoptosis using HeLa cells as in vitro model. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were conducted to monitor the differently expressed genes, and then RT-qPCR and Western bolt were used to identify potential molecular mechanisms and key hub genes. Results Results showed that OH-TPHP had the most significant cytotoxic effect in HeLa cells, followed by TPHP; and no significant cytotoxic effects were observed for DPHP exposure within the experimental concentrations. Biological function enrichment analysis suggested that TPHP and OH-TPHP exposure may induce endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and cell apoptosis. The nodes filtering revealed that ERS and apoptosis related genes were involved in biological effects induced by TPHP and OH-TPHP, which may be mediated through the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α/activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)/ATF3- CCAAT/ enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) cascade pathway and death receptor 5 (DR5) /P53 signaling axis. Conclusion Above all, these findings indicated that ERS-mediated apoptosis might be one of potential mechanisms for cytotoxicity of TPHP and OH-TPHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing An
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Chenyang Du
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Wanlei Xue
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Jin Huang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yufang Zhong
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Guofa Ren
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yu Shang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Bingye Xu
- Zhejiang Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Ecological and Environmental Monitoring, Forewarning and Quality Control, Xueyuan Road 117, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
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Guo S, Zhao D, Zang Z, Shao D, Zhang K, Fu Q. Effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress on erectile function in rats with cavernous nerve injury. Sex Med 2023; 11:qfad050. [PMID: 37674767 PMCID: PMC10478027 DOI: 10.1093/sexmed/qfad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Erectile dysfunction (ED) occurs in an increasing number of patients after radical prostatectomy and cystectomy, and the phenotypic modulation of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells is closely related to ED. Aim To determine whether endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is implicated in the phenotypic modulation of ED induced by bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI). Methods In total, 36 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham, in which rats received sham surgery with bilateral cavernous nerve exposure plus phosphate-buffered saline; control, in which rats received BCNI plus phosphate-buffered saline; and experimental, in which rats received BCNI plus 4-phenylbutyric acid. Analysis of variance and a Bonferroni multiple-comparison test were utilized to evaluate differences among groups. Outcomes Erectile function, smooth muscle/collagen ratios, and the expression levels of phenotypic modulation and ERS were measured. Results Two ratios-maximum intracavernosal pressure/mean arterial pressure and smooth muscle/collagen-were decreased in the control group as compared with the sham group. In penile tissue, there was increased expression of GRP78 (78-kDa glucose-regulated protein), p-PERK/PERK (phosphorylated protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase/protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase), caspase 3, CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein), and OPN (osteopontin) but decreased expression of nNOS (neuronal nitric oxide synthase) and α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin). As compared with the control group, erectile function was improved and pathologic changes were partially recovered in the experimental group. Clinical Translation The present study demonstrated that ERS is involved in ED caused by cavernous nerve injury, thereby providing a new target and theoretical basis for clinical treatment. Strengths and Limitations The present study demonstrated for the first time that ERS is related to ED caused by cavernous nerve injury. Inhibition of ERS reverses phenotypic modulation and improves erectile function in rats with BCNI. Additional in vitro studies should be performed to verify these conclusions and explore the specific mechanism of phenotypic modulation. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that inhibiting ERS reverses phenotypic modulation and enhances erectile function in rats with BCNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjie Guo
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Danfeng Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Urinary Organ and Functional Reconstruction of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Zhenjie Zang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Dingchang Shao
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Keqin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Urinary Organ and Functional Reconstruction of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Urinary Organ and Functional Reconstruction of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
- Key Laboratory of Urinary Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
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Jiang M, Liu Z, Shao J, Zhou J, Wang H, Song C, Li X, Wang L, Xu Q, Liu X, Lin L, Zhang R. Estrogen receptor α regulates phenotypic switching and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells through the NRF1-OMI-mitophagy signaling pathway under simulated microgravity. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1039913. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1039913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling during microgravity exposure results in postflight cardiovascular deconditioning and orthostatic intolerance in astronauts. To clarify the underlying mechanism, we investigated whether estrogen receptor α (ERα)-NRF1-OMI-mitophagy signaling was involved in the dedifferentiation and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) under simulated microgravity. Phenotypic markers, mtDNA copy number and mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in rat thoracic artery smooth muscle cells were examined. Four-week hindlimb unweighting (HU) was used to simulate microgravity in rats and 10% serum was used to induce VSMCs dedifferentiation in vitro. The effects of ERα-NRF1-OMI signaling on mitophagy, phenotypic switching and proliferation of VSMCs, and cerebrovascular remodeling in HU rats were studied by genetic manipulation and chronic drug intervention. We found that ERα is positively associated with contractile phenotype switching but inversely correlated with synthetic phenotype switching and proliferation of VSMCs both in vivo and in vitro. During the dedifferentiation process of VSMCs, reduced mtDNA copy number, disturbed mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration, and perturbed fission-fusion-mitophagy signaling were detected, which were reversed by ERα overexpression. Mechanistically, the ERα downstream protein OMI preserved the mitochondrial Parkin level by increasing its protein stability, thereby protecting mitophagy. In line with this, we found that activating ERα signaling by propyl pyrazole triol (PPT) could alleviate the synthetic phenotype switching and proliferation of HU rat cerebral VSMCs by reestablishing fission-fusion-mitophagy hemostasis. The current study clarified a novel mechanism by which inhibited ERα-NRF1-OMI-mitophagy signaling resulted in synthetic phenotype switching and proliferation of VSMCs and cerebrovascular remodeling under simulated microgravity.
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Liu YZ, Li ZX, Zhang LL, Wang D, Liu YP. Phenotypic plasticity of vascular smooth muscle cells in vascular calcification: Role of mitochondria. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:972836. [PMID: 36312244 PMCID: PMC9597684 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.972836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is an important hallmark of cardiovascular disease, the osteo-/chondrocyte phenotype differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is the main cause of vascular calcification. Accumulating evidence shows that mitochondrial dysfunction may ultimately be more detrimental in the VSMCs calcification. Mitochondrial participate in essential cellular functions, including energy production, metabolism, redox homeostasis regulation, intracellular calcium homeostasis, apoptosis, and signal transduction. Mitochondrial dysfunction under pathological conditions results in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and metabolic disorders, which further lead to abnormal phenotypic differentiation of VSMCs. In this review, we summarize existing studies targeting mitochondria as a treatment for VC, and focus on VSMCs, highlighting recent progress in determining the roles of mitochondrial processes in regulating the phenotype transition of VSMCs, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, mitochondrial energy metabolism, and mitochondria/ER interactions. Along these lines, the impact of mitochondrial homeostasis on VC is discussed.
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The Ameliorative Effect of Berberine on Vascular Calcification by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:294-304. [PMID: 35580317 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Vascular calcification (VC), which currently cannot be prevented or treated, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. We aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of berberine on VC via the activation of Akt signaling and inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). The VC model was induced by high-dose Vitamin D 3 in rats and beta-glycerophosphate in primary vascular smooth muscle cells of rat aortas, which were evaluated by Alizarin red staining to determine the calcium content and alkaline phosphatase activity. ERS was determined by the levels of GRP78 and CHOP, whereas that of the Akt signaling pathway was determined by the levels of phosphorylated Akt and GSK3β. VC was significantly ameliorated by berberine treatment in vivo and in vitro, and the inhibition of ERS and the activation of the Akt/GSK3 signaling pathway. In the vascular smooth muscle cells of primary rats, tunicamycin, an ERS activator, blocked the ameliorative effect of berberine on VC and ERS, but not the activation of Akt/GSK3. The ameliorative effects of berberine on VC, ERS, and the Akt signaling pathway were all prevented by inhibitor IV. Four-phenylbutyric acid, an ERS inhibitor, can restore the ameliorative effect of berberine on VC and ERS that was blocked by inhibitor IV. Our results are the first to demonstrate the ameliorative effect of VC that was mediated by the activation of the Akt signaling pathway and inhibition of ERS. These results may provide a new pharmaceutical candidate for the prevention and treatment of VC.
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11
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Locatelli L, Castiglioni S, Maier JAM. From Cultured Vascular Cells to Vessels: The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Vascular Dysfunction in Space. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:862059. [PMID: 35480977 PMCID: PMC9036997 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.862059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Life evolved on this planet under the pull of gravity, shielded from radiation by the magnetosphere and shaped by circadian rhythms due to Earth’s rotation on its axis. Once living beings leave such a protective environment, adaptive responses are activated to grant survival. In view of long manned mission out of Earth’s orbit, it is relevant to understand how humans adapt to space and if the responses activated might reveal detrimental in the long run. Here we review present knowledge about the effects on the vessels of various extraterrestrial factors on humans as well as in vivo and in vitro experimental models. It emerges that the vasculature activates complex adaptive responses finalized to supply oxygen and nutrients to all the tissues and to remove metabolic waste and carbon dioxide. Most studies point to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction as mediators of vascular alterations in space. Unraveling the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in these adaptive processes might offer hints to design proper and personalized countermeasures to predict a safe future in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Locatelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Jeanette A M Maier
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (CIMaINa), Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
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12
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Chen B, Zhou H, Zhou X, Yang L, Xiong Y, Zhang L. Comprehensive Analysis of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Intracranial Aneurysm. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:865005. [PMID: 35465608 PMCID: PMC9022475 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.865005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays an important role in multiple cardiovascular diseases. However, their implication in intracranial aneurysms (IAs) remains unclear. We designed this study to explore the general expression pattern and potential functions of ERS in IAs. Methods Five Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) microarray datasets were used as the training cohorts, and 3 GEO RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets were used as the validating cohorts. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), functional enrichment, Lasso regression, logistic regression, ROC analysis, immune cell profiling, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotyping, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis were applied to investigate the role of ERS in IA. Finally, we predicted the upstream transcription factor (TF)/miRNA and potential drugs targeting ERS. Results Significant DEGs were majorly associated with ERS, autophagy, and metabolism. Eight-gene ERS signature and IRE1 pathway were identified during the IA formation. WGCNA showed that ERS was highly associated with a VSMC synthesis phenotype. Next, ERS-VSMC-metabolism-autophagy PPI and ERS-TF-miRNA networks were constructed. Finally, we predicted 9 potential drugs targeting ERS in IAs. Conclusion ERS is involved in IA formation. Upstream and downstream regulatory networks for ERS were identified in IAs. Novel potential drugs targeting ERS were also proposed, which may delay IA formation and progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongshu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liting Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanyuan Xiong,
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Liyang Zhang,
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13
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Ma J, Huo H, Zhang H, Wang L, Meng Y, Jin F, Wang X, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Tu P, Song Y, Zheng J, Li J. 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone-enriched extract of the resinous heartwood of Chinese agarwood (Aquilaria sinensis) protects against taurocholic acid-induced gastric epithelial cells apoptosis through Perk/eIF2α/CHOP pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153935. [PMID: 35104763 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injury of gastric epithelial cells is one of the most important pathological features of bile reflux gastritis. Chinese agarwood (the resinous heartwood of Aquilaria sinensis) has been used to treat stomach problems for thousands of years in China. However, the pathological mechanism of epithelial cells death induced by bile acids and the therapeutic target of Chinese agarwood for improving bile reflux gastritis have not yet been fully clarified. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the pro-apoptotic effect of taurocholic acid (TCA) by regulating the ER stress pathway. Moreover, the role of Chinese agarwood 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone-enriched extract (CPE) to inhibit gastric epithelial cell death induced by TCA was also been demonstrated. METHODS We adopted human gastric epithelial GES-1 cells to explore the mechanism of TCA-induced cell death in vitro. Then the cell viability, apoptosis rate, and protein expressions were evaluated to explore the protective effects of CPE on GES-1 cells by TCA injury. The therapeutic effect of CPE on bile reflux gastritis was further confirmed by the bile reflux mice in vivo. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that TCA activated GES-1 cell apoptosis by increased cleavage of caspase-7 and PARP. Further experiments showed that TCA up-regulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, subsequently triggered the apoptosis of the epithelial cells. Our research explored that CPE is the main effective fraction in Chinese agarwood by preventing the TCA-induced gastric epithelial cell injury. CPE effectively suppressed GES-1 cell apoptosis activated by TCA through inhibiting Perk/eIF2α/CHOP pathway. The anti-apoptotic effect of CPE on gastric mucosa had also been confirmed in vivo. Moreover, the main effective components in CPE corresponding to the protection of epithelial cells were also been identified. CONCLUSION Our finding suggested that CPE recovered the TCA-induced epithelial cell apoptosis by mediating the activation of ER stress, which explored potential medicine to treat bile reflux gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huixia Huo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yingxin Meng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fengyu Jin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yimu Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yunfang Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuelin Song
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jiao Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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14
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Xie Y, Zhang J, Zhang M, Jiang L. [Gly14]-Humanin inhibits an angiotensin II-induced vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch via ameliorating intracellular oxidative stress. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221136208. [PMID: 36289015 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221136208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII) is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertensive artery remodeling by inducing a phenotypic switch in vascular smooth muscle cells [Gly14]-Humanin (HNG), a humanin analogue, exerts potent cytoprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo. This study aimed to investigate the effects of HNG on an AngII-induced phenotypic switch in VSMCs and the potential mechanisms underlying these effects. The roles of [Gly14]-Humanin in AngII-stimulated VSMCs proliferation and migration was detected by CCK-8 assay, Cell cycle analysis, wound healing assay, trsnswell assay and western blot. The mechanism by which [Gly14]-Humanin regulates VSMC phenotypic switch was determined by intracellular oxidative stress detection, transcriptomic analysis and qRT-PCR. The results showed that HNG inhibited AngII-induced VSMC proliferation and migration and maintained a stable VSMC contractile phenotype. In addition, HNG reduced the level of AngII-induced oxidative stress in vascular smooth muscle cells. This process could be accomplished by inhibiting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity. In conclusion, the results suggested that HNG ameliorated intracellular oxidative stress by inhibiting NAD(P)H oxidase activity, thereby suppressing the AngII-induced VSMC phenotype switch. Thus, HNG is a potential drug to ameliorate artery remodeling in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xie
- Division of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, 537229Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, 537229Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, 537229Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, 537229Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, 537229Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Wen Y, Li S, Lu X, Xu R, Li C. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Contacts: A Potential Therapy Target for Cardiovascular Remodeling-Associated Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:774989. [PMID: 34858991 PMCID: PMC8631538 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.774989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular remodeling occurs in cardiomyocytes, collagen meshes, and vascular beds in the progress of cardiac insufficiency caused by a variety of cardiac diseases such as chronic ischemic heart disease, chronic overload heart disease, myocarditis, and myocardial infarction. The morphological changes that occur as a result of remodeling are the critical pathological basis for the occurrence and development of serious diseases and also determine morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the inhibition of remodeling is an important approach to prevent and treat heart failure and other related diseases. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are tightly linked by ER-mitochondria contacts (ERMCs). ERMCs play a vital role in different signaling pathways and provide a satisfactory structural platform for the ER and mitochondria to interact and maintain the normal function of cells, mainly by involving various cellular life processes such as lipid metabolism, calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial function, ER stress, and autophagy. Studies have shown that abnormal ERMCs may promote the occurrence and development of remodeling and participate in the formation of a variety of cardiovascular remodeling-associated diseases. This review focuses on the structure and function of the ERMCs, and the potential mechanism of ERMCs involved in cardiovascular remodeling, indicating that ERMCs may be a potential target for new therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular remodeling-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ya Wen
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Sixuan Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Jinan Tianqiao People's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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16
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Cialdai F, Bolognini D, Vignali L, Iannotti N, Cacchione S, Magi A, Balsamo M, Vukich M, Neri G, Donati A, Monici M, Capaccioli S, Lulli M. Effect of space flight on the behavior of human retinal pigment epithelial ARPE-19 cells and evaluation of coenzyme Q10 treatment. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7795-7812. [PMID: 34714361 PMCID: PMC11073052 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03989-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Astronauts on board the International Space Station (ISS) are exposed to the damaging effects of microgravity and cosmic radiation. One of the most critical and sensitive districts of an organism is the eye, particularly the retina, and > 50% of astronauts develop a complex of alterations designated as spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome. However, the pathogenesis of this condition is not clearly understood. In the current study, we aimed to explore the cellular and molecular effects induced in the human retinal pigment ARPE-19 cell line by their transfer to and 3-day stay on board the ISS in the context of an experiment funded by the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana. Treatment of cells on board the ISS with the well-known bioenergetic, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic coenzyme Q10 was also evaluated. In the ground control experiment, the cells were exposed to the same conditions as on the ISS, with the exception of microgravity and radiation. The transfer of ARPE-19 retinal cells to the ISS and their living on board for 3 days did not affect cell viability or apoptosis but induced cytoskeleton remodeling consisting of vimentin redistribution from the cellular boundaries to the perinuclear area, underlining the collapse of the network of intermediate vimentin filaments under unloading conditions. The morphological changes endured by ARPE-19 cells grown on board the ISS were associated with changes in the transcriptomic profile related to the cellular response to the space environment and were consistent with cell dysfunction adaptations. In addition, the results obtained from ARPE-19 cells treated with coenzyme Q10 indicated its potential to increase cell resistance to damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cialdai
- ASAcampus Joint Laboratory, ASA Res. Div., Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Davide Bolognini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Leonardo Vignali
- ASAcampus Joint Laboratory, ASA Res. Div., Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Nicola Iannotti
- Department of Life Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Cacchione
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Università Di Roma "La Sapienza", Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Magi
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Monica Monici
- ASAcampus Joint Laboratory, ASA Res. Div., Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Sergio Capaccioli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| | - Matteo Lulli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy.
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17
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Rabaglino MB, Wakabayashi M, Pearson JT, Jensen LJ. Effect of age on the vascular proteome in middle cerebral arteries and mesenteric resistance arteries in mice. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 200:111594. [PMID: 34756926 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with hypertension and brain blood flow dysregulation, which are major risk factors for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Structural remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, or hypercontractility of resistance vessels may cause increased total peripheral resistance and hypertension. Recent studies showed that G protein- and RhoA/Rho-kinase pathways are involved in increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) and arterial tone in middle-aged mice. We aimed to characterize the age-dependent changes in the vascular proteome in normal laboratory mice using mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analyses on middle cerebral arteries and mesenteric resistance arteries from young (3 months) vs. middle-aged (14 months) mice. In total, 31 proteins were significantly affected by age whereas 172 proteins were differentially expressed by vessel type. Hierarchical clustering revealed that 207 proteins were significantly changed or clustered by age. Vitamin B6 pathway, Biosynthesis of antibiotics, Regulation of actin cytoskeleton and Endocytosis were the top enriched KEGG pathways by age. Several proteins in the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway changed in a manner consistent with hypertension and dysregulation of cerebral perfusion. Although aging had a less profound effect than vessel type on the resistance artery proteome, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, including the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway, is an important target for age-dependent hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Belen Rabaglino
- Dept. of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Danish Technical University, Denmark
| | - Masaki Wakabayashi
- Omics Research Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - James Todd Pearson
- Dept. of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan; Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Lars Jørn Jensen
- Dept. of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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18
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Liu H, Ru NY, Cai Y, Lyu Q, Guo CH, Zhou Y, Li SH, Cheng JH, Chang JR, Ma J, Su XL. The OPG/RANKL/RANK system modulates calcification of common carotid artery in simulated microgravity rats by regulating NF-κB pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 100:324-333. [PMID: 34670103 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Functional and structural adaptation of common carotid artery could be one of the important causes of postflight orthostatic intolerance after microgravity exposure, the mechanisms of which remain unclear. Recent evidence indicates that long-term spaceflight increases carotid artery stiffness, which might present a high risk to astronaut health and postflight working ability. Studies have suggested that vascular calcification is a common pathological change in cardiovascular diseases that is mainly manifested as an increase in vascular stiffness. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether simulated microgravity induces calcification of common carotid artery and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Four-week hindlimb-unweighted (HU) rats were used to simulate the deconditioning effects of microgravity on cardiovascular system. We found that simulated microgravity induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) osteogenic differentiation and medial calcification, increased receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and RANK expression, and enhanced NF-κB activation in rat common carotid artery. In vitro activation of the RANK pathway with exogenous RANKL, a RANK ligand, increased RANK and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression in HU rats. Moreover, the expression of osteogenic markers and activation of NF-κB in HU rats were further enhanced by exogenous RANKL but suppressed by the RANK inhibitor OPG-Fc. These results indicated that the OPG/RANKL/RANK system modulates VSMC osteogenic differentiation and medial calcification of common carotid artery in simulated microgravity rats by regulating NF-kB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Xi'an Medical University, Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Aerospace Physiology, Xi'an, China;
| | - Ning-Yu Ru
- Xi'an Medical University, Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an, China;
| | - Yue Cai
- Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, China;
| | - Qiang Lyu
- Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Aerospace Physiology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Chi-Hua Guo
- Xi'an Medical University, Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an, China;
| | - Ying Zhou
- Xi'an Medical University, Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an, China;
| | - Shao-Hua Li
- Fourth Military Medical University, 12644, Department of Aerospace Physiology, Xi'an, China;
| | - Jiu-Hua Cheng
- Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Aerospace Physiology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Jin-Rui Chang
- Xi'an Medical University, Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an, China;
| | - Jin Ma
- Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Aerospace Physiology, Xi'an, China;
| | - Xing-Li Su
- Xi'an Medical University, Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an, China;
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19
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Baliou S, Adamaki M, Ioannou P, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Spandidos DA, Christodoulou I, Kyriakopoulos AM, Zoumpourlis V. Protective role of taurine against oxidative stress (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:605. [PMID: 34184084 PMCID: PMC8240184 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine is a fundamental mediator of homeostasis that exerts multiple roles to confer protection against oxidant stress. The development of hypertension, muscle/neuro‑associated disorders, hepatic cirrhosis, cardiac dysfunction and ischemia/reperfusion are examples of some injuries that are linked with oxidative stress. The present review gives a comprehensive description of all the underlying mechanisms of taurine, with the aim to explain its anti‑oxidant actions. Taurine is regarded as a cytoprotective molecule due to its ability to sustain normal electron transport chain, maintain glutathione stores, upregulate anti‑oxidant responses, increase membrane stability, eliminate inflammation and prevent calcium accumulation. In parallel, the synergistic effect of taurine with other potential therapeutic modalities in multiple disorders are highlighted. Apart from the results derived from research findings, the current review bridges the gap between bench and bedside, providing mechanistic insights into the biological activity of taurine that supports its potential therapeutic efficacy in clinic. In the future, further clinical studies are required to support the ameliorative effect of taurine against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Baliou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Adamaki
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Ioannou
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
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Liu GD, Wang N, Wang HM, Li X, Shao JJ, Liu ZF, Jiang M, Wang L, Wang ZK, Li M, Cao XY, Wang J, Zhang R, Chen YD. Military medical research on internal diseases in modern warfare: new concepts, demands, challenges, and opportunities. Mil Med Res 2021; 8:20. [PMID: 33712087 PMCID: PMC7953602 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-021-00313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Battlefield internal medicine aims at the treatment of combatants and noncombatants with various internal diseases on the battlefield. The military medical research on battlefield internal diseases focuses on the pathogenesis, clinical management, and prevention of internal diseases under military war conditions. In both wartime and peacetime, the soldiers suffer from more internal diseases than surgical wounds. With the introduction of high-tech weapons, including chemical, physical, and biological agents, a large number of special internal illnesses and casualties will appear in future wars. The battles often occur in special environments, such as high or low temperatures, plateau or polar areas, and micro- or hyper-gravity. The current theories of battlefield internal medicine are mainly derived from wars decades ago and cannot meet the needs of military medical support under the conditions of modern warfare. Therefore, the military medical research on battlefield internal medicine should be based on contemporary military situations, focus on the purpose of treating battlefield internal diseases, and adhere to the actual needs of the troops in peacetime and wartime. We should investigate the pathogenesis of battlefield internal diseases and explore the threats that may arise in future wars to ensure the advancement of battlefield internal medicine. This review highlights new concepts, demands, challenges, and opportunities for the further development of military medical research on battlefield internal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Dong Liu
- Division of Health Services, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Division of Health Services, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hai-Ming Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Health Services, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jun-Jie Shao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010059, China
| | - Zi-Fan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zi-Kai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xue-Ying Cao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Intensive Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yun-Dai Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
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