1
|
Takasawa S, Kimura K, Miyanaga M, Uemura T, Hachisu M, Miyagawa S, Ramadan A, Sukegawa S, Kobayashi M, Kimura S, Matsui K, Shiroishi M, Terashita K, Nishiyama C, Yashiro T, Nagata K, Higami Y, Arimura GI. The powerful potential of amino acid menthyl esters for anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity therapies. Immunology 2024; 173:76-92. [PMID: 38720202 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Our newly developed menthyl esters of valine and isoleucine exhibit anti-inflammatory properties beyond those of the well-known menthol in macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and in a mouse model of colitis induced by sodium dextran sulfate. Unlike menthol, which acts primarily through the cold-sensitive TRPM8 channel, these menthyl esters displayed unique mechanisms that operate independently of this receptor. They readily penetrated target cells and efficiently suppressed LPS-stimulated tumour necrosis factor-alpha (Tnf) expression mediated by liver X receptor (LXR), a key nuclear receptor that regulates intracellular cholesterol and lipid balance. The menthyl esters showed affinity for LXR and enhanced the transcriptional activity through their non-competitive and potentially synergistic agonistic effect. This effect can be attributed to the crucial involvement of SCD1, an enzyme regulated by LXR, which is central to lipid metabolism and plays a key role in the anti-inflammatory response. In addition, we discovered that the menthyl esters showed remarkable efficacy in suppressing adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes at the mitotic clonal expansion stage in an LXR-independent manner as well as in mice subjected to diet-induced obesity. These multiple capabilities of our compounds establish them as formidable allies in the fight against inflammation and obesity, paving the way for a range of potential therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seidai Takasawa
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kimura
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Miyanaga
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Uemura
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hachisu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Miyagawa
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Abdelaziz Ramadan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Sukegawa
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seisuke Kimura
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsui
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation (Agriculture), Department of Biological Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Shiroishi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Terashita
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiharu Nishiyama
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Yashiro
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagata
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Higami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Gen-Ichiro Arimura
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Clark AT, Russo-Savage L, Ashton LA, Haghshenas N, Schulman IG. A Novel Mutation in LXRα Uncovers a Role for Cholesterol Sensing in Limiting Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.13.593869. [PMID: 38798597 PMCID: PMC11118525 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.13.593869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Liver x receptor alpha (LXRα, Nr1h3) functions as an important intracellular cholesterol sensor that regulates fat and cholesterol metabolism at the transcriptional level in response to the direct binding of cholesterol derivatives. We have generated mice with a mutation in LXRα that reduces activity in response to endogenous cholesterol derived LXR ligands while still allowing transcriptional activation by synthetic agonists. The mutant LXRα functions as a dominant negative that shuts down cholesterol sensing. When fed a high fat, high cholesterol diet LXRα mutant mice rapidly develop pathologies associated with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) including ballooning hepatocytes, liver inflammation, and fibrosis. Strikingly LXRα mutant mice have decreased liver triglycerides but increased liver cholesterol. Therefore, MASH-like phenotypes can arise in the absence of large increases in triglycerides. Reengaging LXR signaling by treatment with synthetic agonist reverses MASH suggesting that LXRα normally functions to impede the development of liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis T. Clark
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
- These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Lillian Russo-Savage
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
- These authors contributed equally to the work
- Current address: Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Luke A. Ashton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Niki Haghshenas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ira G. Schulman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen S, Ni J, Luo L, Lin J, Peng H, Shen F, Huang Z. Toosendanin induces hepatotoxicity via disrupting LXRα/Lipin1/SREBP1 mediated lipid metabolism. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 187:114631. [PMID: 38570025 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Toosendanin (TSN) is the main active compound derived from Melia toosendan Sieb et Zucc with various bioactivities. However, liver injury was observed in TSN limiting its clinical application. Lipid metabolism plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, and its disruption is also essential in TSN-induced hepatotoxicity. This study explored the hepatotoxicity caused by TSN in vitro and in vivo. The lipid droplets were significantly decreased, accompanied by a decrease in fatty acid transporter CD36 and crucial enzymes in the lipogenesis including ACC and FAS after the treatment of TSN. It was suggested that TSN caused lipid metabolism disorder in hepatocytes. TOFA, an allosteric inhibitor of ACC, could partially restore cell survival via blocking malonyl-CoA accumulation. Notably, TSN downregulated the LXRα/Lipin1/SREBP1 signaling pathway. LXRα activation improved cell survival and intracellular neutral lipid levels, while SREBP1 inhibition aggravated the cell damage and caused a further decline in lipid levels. Male Balb/c mice were treated with TSN (5, 10, 20 mg/kg/d) for 7 days. TSN exposure led to serum lipid levels aberrantly decreased. Moreover, the western blotting results showed that LXRα/Lipin1/SREBP1 inhibition contributed to TSN-induced liver injury. In conclusion, TSN caused lipid metabolism disorder in liver via inhibiting LXRα/Lipin1/SREBP1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sixin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiajie Ni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinxian Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongjie Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Feihai Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhiying Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang J, Li J, Fu Y, Zhu Y, Lin L, Li Y. Research progress, challenges and perspectives of phospholipids metabolism in the LXR‑LPCAT3 signaling pathway and its relation to NAFLD (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:32. [PMID: 38362962 PMCID: PMC10903931 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids (PLs) are principle constituents of biofilms, with their fatty acyl chain composition significantly impacting the biophysical properties of membranes, thereby influencing biological processes. Recent studies have elucidated that fatty acyl chains, under the enzymatic action of lyso‑phosphatidyl‑choline acyltransferases (LPCATs), expedite incorporation into the sn‑2 site of phosphatidyl‑choline (PC), profoundly affecting pathophysiology. Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations in LPCAT activity are implicated in various diseases, including non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatitis C, atherosclerosis and cancer. Specifically, LPCAT3 is instrumental in maintaining systemic lipid homeostasis through its roles in hepatic lipogenesis, intestinal lipid absorption and lipoprotein secretion. The liver X receptor (LXR), pivotal in lipid homeostasis, modulates cholesterol, fatty acid (FA) and PL metabolism. LXR's capacity to modify PL composition in response to cellular sterol fluctuations is a vital mechanism for protecting biofilms against lipid stress. Concurrently, LXR activation enhances LPCAT3 expression on cell membranes and elevates polyunsaturated PL levels. This activation can ameliorate saturated free FA effects in vitro or endoplasmic reticulum stress in vivo due to lipid accumulation in hepatic cells. Pharmacological interventions targeting LXR, LPCAT and membrane PL components could offer novel therapeutic directions for NAFLD management. The present review primarily focused on recent advancements in understanding the LPCAT3 signaling pathway's role in lipid metabolism related to NAFLD, aiming to identify new treatment targets for the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
| | - Yugang Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
| | - Liubing Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ren J, Zhang X, Heiyan-Perhat SU, Yang P, Han H, Li Y, Gao J, He E, Li Y. Therapeutic Role of Polyphenol Extract from Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:288. [PMID: 38256841 PMCID: PMC10821496 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart (P. cerasifera) flourishes uniquely in the arid landscapes of Xinjiang, China. Preliminary studies have revealed the therapeutic potential of its polyphenol extract (PPE) in mitigating liver lipid accumulation in mice fed a high-fat diet. We established a mouse model that was subjected to a continuous high-fat diet for 24 weeks and administered PPE to investigate the effects of PPE on cholesterol and BA metabolism in NAFLD mice. The results showed that PPE administration (200 and 400 mg/kg/day, BW) led to a reduction in liver TC, an increase in liver T-BAs, and normalization of the disrupted fecal BA profile. Concurrently, it decreased levels of lipotoxic BAs and inhibited hepatic cholesterol synthesis (evidenced by reduced HMGCR activity) and intestinal cholesterol absorption (indicated by lower ACAT2 levels) while enhancing intestinal cholesterol efflux (via LXRα, ABCA1, ABCG5, and ABCG8) and stimulating hepatic BA synthesis (CYP7A1, CYP27A1) and secretion (BSEP). PPE thus led to a significant reduction in lipotoxic BAs metabolized by gut microbiota and a downregulation of the BA secretion pathway under its influence. Our findings reveal the therapeutic effect of PPE on NAFLD mice via regulating cholesterol and BA metabolism, providing a theoretical basis for exploring the potential functions of P. cerasifera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China; (J.R.); (X.Z.); (S.H.-P.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China; (J.R.); (X.Z.); (S.H.-P.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| | - SU Heiyan-Perhat
- Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China; (J.R.); (X.Z.); (S.H.-P.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Po Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Human Sciences, Institute of Physical Education, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China;
- College of Arts and Sports, Hebei Institution of Communication College, Shijiazhuang 051430, China
| | - Helong Han
- Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China; (J.R.); (X.Z.); (S.H.-P.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Yao Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China; (J.R.); (X.Z.); (S.H.-P.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Jie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China; (J.R.); (X.Z.); (S.H.-P.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Enpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Sports Human Sciences, Institute of Physical Education, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China;
| | - Yanhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China; (J.R.); (X.Z.); (S.H.-P.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu Y, Wang Q, Xie X, Ma C, Qiao Y, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Gao Y, Jiang J, Liu X, Chen J, Li C, Ge G. ZBTB7B is a permissive regulator of hepatocellular carcinoma initiation by repressing c-Jun expression and function. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:55. [PMID: 38225233 PMCID: PMC10789742 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocarcinogenesis is a multi-step process. However, the regulators of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiation are understudied. Adult liver-specific gene expression was globally downregulated in HCC. We hypothesize that adult liver-specific genes, especially adult liver-enriched transcription factors may exert tumor-suppressive functions in HCC. In this study, we identify ZBTB7B, an adult liver-enriched transcription factor as a permissive regulator of HCC initiation. ZBTB7B is highly expressed in hepatocytes in adult livers, compared to fetal livers. To evaluate the functions of ZBTB7B in hepatocarcinogenesis, we performed hepatocyte-specific ZBTB7B knockout in hydrodynamic oncogene transfer-induced mouse liver cancer models. Hepatocyte-specific knockout of ZBTB7B promotes activated Akt and N-Ras-induced HCC development. Moreover, ZBTB7B deficiency sensitizes hepatocytes to a single oncogene Akt-induced oncogenic transformation and HCC initiation, which is otherwise incompetent in inducing HCC. ZBTB7B deficiency accelerates HCC initiation by down-regulating adult liver-specific gene expression and priming livers to a fetal-like state. The molecular mechanism underlying ZBTB7B functions in hepatocytes was investigated by integrated transcriptomic, phosphoproteomic, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analyses. Integrative multi-omics analyses identify c-Jun as the core signaling node in ZBTB7B-deficient liver cancer initiation. c-Jun is a direct target of ZBTB7B essential to accelerated liver cancer initiation in ZBTB7B-deficient livers. Knockdown of c-Jun expression or dominant negative c-Jun expression delays HCC development in ZBTB7B-deficient livers. In addition, ZBTB7B competes with c-Jun for chromatin binding. Ectopic ZBTB7B expression attenuates the tumor-promoting functions of c-Jun. Expression of ZBTB7B signature, composed of 140 genes co-regulated by ZBTB7B and c-Jun, is significantly downregulated in early-stage HCCs compared to adjacent normal tissues, correlates to liver-specific gene expression, and is associated with good prognosis in human HCC. Thus, ZBTB7B functions as a permissive regulator of HCC initiation by directly regulating c-Jun expression and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qinqin Wang
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xinyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Cuihong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuemei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yanjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Genome Tagging Project (GTP) Center, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Chen Li
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Gaoxiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Todero J, Douillet C, Shumway AJ, Koller BH, Kanke M, Phuong DJ, Stýblo M, Sethupathy P. Molecular and Metabolic Analysis of Arsenic-Exposed Humanized AS3MT Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:127021. [PMID: 38150313 PMCID: PMC10752418 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) has been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, potential sex divergence and the underlying mechanisms remain understudied. iAs is not metabolized uniformly across species, which is a limitation of typical exposure studies in rodent models. The development of a new "humanized" mouse model overcomes this limitation. In this study, we leveraged this model to study sex differences in the context of iAs exposure. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine if males and females exhibit different liver and adipose molecular profiles and metabolic phenotypes in the context of iAs exposure. METHODS Our study was performed on wild-type (WT) 129S6/SvEvTac and humanized arsenic + 3 methyl transferase (human AS3MT) 129S6/SvEvTac mice treated with 400 ppb of iAs via drinking water ad libitum. After 1 month, mice were sacrificed and the liver and gonadal adipose depots were harvested for iAs quantification and sequencing-based microRNA and gene expression analysis. Serum blood was collected for fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS We detected sex divergence in liver and adipose markers of diabetes (e.g., miR-34a, insulin signaling pathways, fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, and HOMA-IR) only in humanized (not WT) mice. In humanized female mice, numerous genes that promote insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in both the liver and adipose are elevated compared to humanized male mice. We also identified Klf11 as a putative master regulator of the sex divergence in gene expression in humanized mice. DISCUSSION Our study underscored the importance of future studies leveraging the humanized mouse model to study iAs-associated metabolic disease. The findings suggested that humanized males are at increased risk for metabolic dysfunction relative to humanized females in the context of iAs exposure. Future investigations should focus on the detailed mechanisms that underlie the sex divergence. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12785.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Todero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Christelle Douillet
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandria J. Shumway
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Beverly H. Koller
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matt Kanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Daryl J. Phuong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Miroslav Stýblo
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fiorucci S, Sepe V, Biagioli M, Fiorillo B, Rapacciuolo P, Distrutti E, Zampella A. Development of bile acid activated receptors hybrid molecules for the treatment of inflammatory and metabolic disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 216:115776. [PMID: 37659739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
The farnesoid-x-receptor (FXR) and the G protein bile acid activated receptor (GPBAR)1 are two bile acid activated receptors highly expressed in entero-hepatic, immune, adipose and cardiovascular tissues. FXR and GPBAR1 are clinically validated targets in the treatment of metabolic disorders and FXR agonists are currently trialled in patients with non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH). Results of these trials, however, have raised concerns over safety and efficacy of selective FXR ligands suggesting that the development of novel agent designed to impact on multiple targets might have utility in the treatment of complex, multigenic, disorders. Harnessing on FXR and GPBAR1 agonists, several novel hybrid molecules have been developed, including dual FXR and GPBAR1 agonists and antagonists, while exploiting the flexibility of FXR agonists toward other nuclear receptors, dual FXR and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPARs) and liver-X-receptors (LXRs) and Pregnane-X-receptor (PXR) agonists have been reported. In addition, modifications of FXR agonists has led to the discovery of dual FXR agonists and fatty acid binding protein (FABP)1 and Leukotriene B4 hydrolase (LTB4H) inhibitors. The GPBAR1 binding site has also proven flexible to accommodate hybrid molecules functioning as GPBAR1 agonist and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor (CYSLTR)1 antagonists, as well as dual GPBAR1 agonists and retinoid-related orphan receptor (ROR)γt antagonists, dual GPBAR1 agonist and LXR antagonists and dual GPBAR1 agonists endowed with inhibitory activity on dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). In this review we have revised the current landscape of FXR and GPBAR1 based hybrid agents focusing on their utility in the treatment of metabolic associated liver disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fiorucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Valentina Sepe
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Biagioli
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Bianca Fiorillo
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pasquale Rapacciuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | | | - Angela Zampella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, Naples I-80131, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dubois‐Chevalier J, Gheeraert C, Berthier A, Boulet C, Dubois V, Guille L, Fourcot M, Marot G, Gauthier K, Dubuquoy L, Staels B, Lefebvre P, Eeckhoute J. An extended transcription factor regulatory network controls hepatocyte identity. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57020. [PMID: 37424431 PMCID: PMC10481658 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell identity is specified by a core transcriptional regulatory circuitry (CoRC), typically limited to a small set of interconnected cell-specific transcription factors (TFs). By mining global hepatic TF regulons, we reveal a more complex organization of the transcriptional regulatory network controlling hepatocyte identity. We show that tight functional interconnections controlling hepatocyte identity extend to non-cell-specific TFs beyond the CoRC, which we call hepatocyte identity (Hep-ID)CONNECT TFs. Besides controlling identity effector genes, Hep-IDCONNECT TFs also engage in reciprocal transcriptional regulation with TFs of the CoRC. In homeostatic basal conditions, this translates into Hep-IDCONNECT TFs being involved in fine tuning CoRC TF expression including their rhythmic expression patterns. Moreover, a role for Hep-IDCONNECT TFs in the control of hepatocyte identity is revealed in dedifferentiated hepatocytes where Hep-IDCONNECT TFs are able to reset CoRC TF expression. This is observed upon activation of NR1H3 or THRB in hepatocarcinoma or in hepatocytes subjected to inflammation-induced loss of identity. Our study establishes that hepatocyte identity is controlled by an extended array of TFs beyond the CoRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Céline Gheeraert
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐EGIDLilleFrance
| | - Alexandre Berthier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐EGIDLilleFrance
| | - Clémence Boulet
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐EGIDLilleFrance
| | - Vanessa Dubois
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐EGIDLilleFrance
- Basic and Translational Endocrinology (BaTE), Department of Basic and Applied Medical SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Loïc Guille
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐EGIDLilleFrance
| | - Marie Fourcot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 – UAR 2014 – PLBSLilleFrance
| | - Guillemette Marot
- Univ. Lille, Inria, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 – METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicalesLilleFrance
| | - Karine Gauthier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), CNRS UMR 5242, INRAE USC 1370, École Normale Supérieure de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 – INFINITE – Institute for Translational Research in InflammationLilleFrance
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐EGIDLilleFrance
| | - Philippe Lefebvre
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐EGIDLilleFrance
| | - Jérôme Eeckhoute
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐EGIDLilleFrance
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dergunov AD, Nosova EV, Rozhkova AV, Vinogradina MA, Baserova VB, Popov MA, Limborska SA, Dergunova LV. Differential Expression of Subsets of Genes Related to HDL Metabolism and Atherogenesis in the Peripheral Blood in Coronary Artery Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6823-6841. [PMID: 37623250 PMCID: PMC10452992 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential expression of genes (DEGs) in coronary artery disease (CAD) and the association between transcript level and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were studied with 76 male patients with CAD and 63 control patients. The transcript level of genes related to HDL metabolism (24 genes) and atherosclerosis-prone (41 genes) in RNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured by real-time RT-PCR. Twenty-eight DEGs were identified. The expression of cholesterol transporters, ALB, APOA1, and LCAT was down-regulated, while the expression of AMN, APOE, LDLR, LPL, PLTP, PRKACA, and CETP was up-regulated. The systemic inflammation in CAD is evidenced by the up-regulation of IL1B, TLR8, CXCL5, and TNFRSF1A. For the controls, TLR8 and SOAT1 were negative predictors of the HDL-C level. For CAD patients, PRKACG, PRKCQ, and SREBF1 were positive predictors, while PRKACB, LCAT, and S100A8 were negative predictors. For CAD patients, the efficiency of reverse cholesterol transport is 73-79%, and intracellular free cholesterol seems to accumulate at hyperalphalipoproteinemia. Both atheroprotective (via S100A8) and proatherogenic (via SREBF1, LCAT, PRKACG, PRKACB, and PRKCQ) associations of gene expression with HDL-C determine HDL functionality in CAD patients. The selected key genes and involved pathways may represent HDL-specific targets for the diagnosis and treatment of CAD and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D. Dergunov
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky Street 10, Moscow 101990, Russia;
| | - Elena V. Nosova
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia; (E.V.N.); (A.V.R.); (M.A.V.); (S.A.L.); (L.V.D.)
| | - Alexandra V. Rozhkova
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia; (E.V.N.); (A.V.R.); (M.A.V.); (S.A.L.); (L.V.D.)
| | - Margarita A. Vinogradina
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia; (E.V.N.); (A.V.R.); (M.A.V.); (S.A.L.); (L.V.D.)
| | - Veronika B. Baserova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky Street 10, Moscow 101990, Russia;
| | - Mikhail A. Popov
- Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute MONIKI, Moscow 129110, Russia;
| | - Svetlana A. Limborska
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia; (E.V.N.); (A.V.R.); (M.A.V.); (S.A.L.); (L.V.D.)
| | - Liudmila V. Dergunova
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia; (E.V.N.); (A.V.R.); (M.A.V.); (S.A.L.); (L.V.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Han N, Yuan M, Yan L, Tang H. Emerging Insights into Liver X Receptor α in the Tumorigenesis and Therapeutics of Human Cancers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1184. [PMID: 37627249 PMCID: PMC10452869 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptor α (LXRα), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is identified as a protein activated by ligands that interacts with the promoters of specific genes. It regulates cholesterol, bile acid, and lipid metabolism in normal physiological processes, and it participates in the development of some related diseases. However, many studies have demonstrated that LXRα is also involved in regulating numerous human malignancies. Aberrant LXRα expression is emerging as a fundamental and pivotal factor in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, and metastasis. Herein, we outline the expression levels of LXRα between tumor tissues and normal tissues via the Oncomine and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) 2.0 databases; summarize emerging insights into the roles of LXRα in the development, progression, and treatment of different human cancers and their diversified mechanisms; and highlight that LXRα can be a biomarker and therapeutic target in diverse cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Han
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Man Yuan
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Libo Yan
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu GX, Wei S, Yu C, Zhao SQ, Yang WJ, Feng YH, Pan C, Yang KX, Ma Y. Activation of Kupffer cells in NAFLD and NASH: mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1199519. [PMID: 37261074 PMCID: PMC10228659 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1199519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are emerging as the leading causes of liver disease worldwide. These conditions can lead to cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver failure, and other related ailments. At present, liver transplantation remains the sole treatment option for end-stage NASH, leading to a rapidly growing socioeconomic burden. Kupffer cells (KCs) are a dominant population of macrophages that reside in the liver, playing a crucial role in innate immunity. Their primary function includes phagocytosing exogenous substances, presenting antigens, and triggering immune responses. Moreover, they interact with other liver cells during the pathogenesis of NAFLD, and this crosstalk may either delay or exacerbate disease progression. Stimulation by endogenous signals triggers the activation of KCs, resulting in the expression of various inflammatory factors and chemokines, such as NLRP3, TNF-α, IL-1B, and IL-6, and contributing to the inflammatory cascade. In the past 5 years, significant advances have been made in understanding the biological properties and immune functions of KCs in NAFLD, including their interactions with tissue molecules, underlying molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, and relevant therapeutic interventions. Having a comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms and characteristics can have enormous potential in guiding future strategies for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong Ma
- *Correspondence: Kun-Xing Yang, ; Yong Ma,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim H, Park C, Kim TH. Targeting Liver X Receptors for the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091292. [PMID: 37174692 PMCID: PMC10177243 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to a range of conditions in which excess lipids accumulate in the liver, possibly leading to serious hepatic manifestations such as steatohepatitis, fibrosis/cirrhosis and cancer. Despite its increasing prevalence and significant impact on liver disease-associated mortality worldwide, no medication has been approved for the treatment of NAFLD yet. Liver X receptors α/β (LXRα and LXRβ) are lipid-activated nuclear receptors that serve as master regulators of lipid homeostasis and play pivotal roles in controlling various metabolic processes, including lipid metabolism, inflammation and immune response. Of note, NAFLD progression is characterized by increased accumulation of triglycerides and cholesterol, hepatic de novo lipogenesis, mitochondrial dysfunction and augmented inflammation, all of which are highly attributed to dysregulated LXR signaling. Thus, targeting LXRs may provide promising strategies for the treatment of NAFLD. However, emerging evidence has revealed that modulating the activity of LXRs has various metabolic consequences, as the main functions of LXRs can distinctively vary in a cell type-dependent manner. Therefore, understanding how LXRs in the liver integrate various signaling pathways and regulate metabolic homeostasis from a cellular perspective using recent advances in research may provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for NAFLD and associated metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaewon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
- Drug Information Research Institute, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
- Muscle Physiome Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rader DJ. Targeting ASGR1 to lower cholesterol. Nat Metab 2022; 4:967-969. [PMID: 35927356 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Calder PC. Omega-3 fatty acids and metabolic partitioning of fatty acids within the liver in the context of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2022; 25:248-255. [PMID: 35762160 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most prevalent form of liver disease globally, affecting about 25% of the world's adult population. It is more common in those living with obesity, where it may affect as many as 80% of individuals. The aim of this article is to describe recent human studies evaluating the influence of omega-3 fatty acids on de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and hepatic fatty acid partitioning between incorporation into triacylglycerols (TAGs) and β-oxidation, to discuss the relevance of these effects in the context of NAFLD, and to provide an overview of the mechanisms that might be involved. RECENT FINDINGS The omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) decrease hepatic DNL and partition fatty acids away from TAG synthesis and toward β-oxidation. EPA and DHA affect multiple hepatic transcription factors resulting in down-regulation of the DNL pathway and upregulation of β-oxidation. The net result is decreased accumulation of hepatic TAG and lowering of circulating TAG concentrations. Human trials demonstrate that EPA and DHA can decrease liver fat in patients with NAFLD. SUMMARY Increased intake of EPA and DHA may reduce the likelihood of hepatic TAG accumulation and could be used to reduce liver fat in patients with NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Interplay between Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4, Fetuin-A, Retinol Binding Protein 4 and Thyroid Function in Metabolic Dysregulation. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040300. [PMID: 35448487 PMCID: PMC9026429 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Signalling between the tissues integrating synthesis, transformation and utilization of energy substrates and their regulatory hormonal axes play a substantial role in the development of metabolic disorders. Interactions between cytokines, particularly liver derived hepatokines and adipokines, secreted from adipose tissue, constitute one of major areas of current research devoted to metabolic dysregulation. The thyroid exerts crucial influence on the maintenance of basal metabolic rate, thermogenesis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, while its dysfunction promotes the development of metabolic disorders. In this review, we discuss the interplay between three adipokines: fatty acid binding protein type 4, fetuin-A, retinol binding protein type 4 and thyroid hormones, that shed a new light onto mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis, cardiovascular complications, obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes accompanying thyroid dysfunction. Furthermore, we summarize clinical findings on those cytokines in the course of thyroid disorders.
Collapse
|
17
|
Integrative analysis reveals multiple modes of LXR transcriptional regulation in liver. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2122683119. [PMID: 35145035 PMCID: PMC8851562 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122683119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptors liver X receptor (LXR) α and β play crucial roles in hepatic metabolism. Many genes induced in response to pharmacologic LXR agonism have been defined; however, the transcriptional consequences of loss of LXR binding to its genomic targets are less well characterized. Here, we addressed how deletion of both LXRα and LXRβ from mouse liver (LXR double knockout [DKO]) affects the transcriptional regulatory landscape by integrating changes in LXR binding, chromatin accessibility, and gene expression. Many genes involved in fatty acid metabolism showed reduced expression and chromatin accessibility at their intergenic and intronic regions in LXRDKO livers. Genes that were up-regulated with LXR deletion had increased chromatin accessibility at their promoter regions and were enriched for functions not linked to lipid metabolism. Loss of LXR binding in liver reduced the activity of a broad set of hepatic transcription factors, inferred through changes in motif accessibility. By contrast, accessibility at promoter nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) motifs was increased in the absence of LXR. Unexpectedly, we also defined a small set of LXR targets for direct ligand-dependent repression. These genes have LXR-binding sites but showed increased expression in LXRDKO liver and reduced expression in response to the LXR agonist. In summary, the binding of LXRs to the hepatic genome has broad effects on the transcriptional landscape that extend beyond its canonical function as an activator of lipid metabolic genes.
Collapse
|
18
|
Yan Y, Niu Z, Wang B, Zhao S, Sun C, Wu Y, Li Y, Ying H, Liu H. Saringosterol from Sargassum fusiforme Modulates Cholesterol Metabolism and Alleviates Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Deficient Mice. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:485. [PMID: 34564147 PMCID: PMC8466875 DOI: 10.3390/md19090485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis is a major risk factor of atherosclerosis, which can lead to serious health problems, including heart attack and stroke. Liver X receptor (LXR) α and β are transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily, which play important roles in cholesterol homeostasis. Selectively activating LXRβ provides a promising strategy for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Here, we employed atherosclerotic apoE-knockout mice to evaluate the effects of saringosterol, a phytosterol with potent and selective action for LXRβ, which we identified previously in edible marine seaweed Sargassum fusiforme. We found that saringosterol treatment reduced the atherosclerotic plaque burden without having undesirable adverse hepatic effects in apoE-deficient mice fed an atherogenic diet. Meanwhile, reduced serum levels of cholesterol, accompanied by altered expression of LXR-regulated genes involved in cholesterol absorption, transport, efflux, excretion, and elimination, were observed in apoE-knockout mice after saringosterol treatment. Together, our study not only establishes saringosterol as an effective cholesterol-lowering and anti-atherogenic phytosterol but also provides insights into the underlying mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (Y.Y.); (Z.N.); (C.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhoumin Niu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (Y.Y.); (Z.N.); (C.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Boyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (B.W.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shangge Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (B.W.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (Y.Y.); (Z.N.); (C.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuting Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (Y.Y.); (Z.N.); (C.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuying Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (Y.Y.); (Z.N.); (C.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hao Ying
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (Y.Y.); (Z.N.); (C.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (B.W.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Roles of Estrogens in the Healthy and Diseased Oviparous Vertebrate Liver. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080502. [PMID: 34436443 PMCID: PMC8398935 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a vital organ that sustains multiple functions beneficial for the whole organism. It is sexually dimorphic, presenting sex-biased gene expression with implications for the phenotypic differences between males and females. Estrogens are involved in this sex dimorphism and their actions in the liver of several reptiles, fishes, amphibians, and birds are discussed. The liver participates in reproduction by producing vitellogenins (yolk proteins) and eggshell proteins under the control of estrogens that act via two types of receptors active either mainly in the cell nucleus (ESR) or the cell membrane (GPER1). Estrogens also control hepatic lipid and lipoprotein metabolisms, with a triglyceride carrier role for VLDL from the liver to the ovaries during oogenesis. Moreover, the activation of the vitellogenin genes is used as a robust biomarker for exposure to xenoestrogens. In the context of liver diseases, high plasma estrogen levels are observed in fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in chicken implicating estrogens in the disease progression. Fishes are also used to investigate liver diseases, including models generated by mutation and transgenesis. In conclusion, studies on the roles of estrogens in the non-mammalian oviparous vertebrate liver have contributed enormously to unveil hormone-dependent physiological and physiopathological processes.
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang F, Shi W, Wang L, Qin N, Wang C, Guo Y, Xu G, Fang J, Yu X, Ma Q. Lipidomics study of the therapeutic mechanism of Plantaginis Semen in potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia rat. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:175. [PMID: 34172058 PMCID: PMC8235650 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plantaginis Semen has been widely used as folk medicine and health care food against hyperuricemia (HUA) and gout, but its pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the therapeutic mechanism of Plantaginis Semen extract on potassium oxonate -induced HUA rats based on a lipidomics approach. METHODS A model of HUA was established by potassium oxonate intragastric administration. 42 Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were randomly divided into the control group, model group, benzbromarone group (10 mg/kg) and three Plantaginis Semen groups (n = 7). The Plantaginis Semen groups were treated orally with Plantaginis Semen, 0.9375, 1.875 or 3.75 g/kg for 28 days. The levels of serum uric acid (UA), creatinine (Cr), triacylglycerol (TG) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was used for the serum lipidomics analysis, multivariate statistical analysis and independent samples t-test were carried out for the pattern recognition and characteristic metabolites identification. The relative levels of critical regulatory factors were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS Compared with the model group, the levels of serum UA, Cr, TG and TNF-α were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in benzbromarone and three Plantaginis Semen groups. With lipidomics analysis, significant lipid metabolic perturbations were observed in HUA rats, 13 metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway was most affected. These perturbations were partially restored via treatment of benzbromarone and Plantaginis Semen. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of urate anion transporter 1 (URAT1) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinases B (PI3K/Akt) were significantly decreased (p < 0.01) after treatment with benzbromarone and high dose of Plantaginis Semen. CONCLUSIONS Plantaginis Semen had significant effects on anti-HUA, anti-inflammatory and renal protection. It attenuated potassium oxonate-induced HUA through regulation of lipid metabolism disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Wenjun Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Liting Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Nankun Qin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Chengxiang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yuying Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Guang Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jie Fang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xue Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qun Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| |
Collapse
|