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Ma W, Zhu L, Song S, Liu B, Gu J. Identification and Validation of Glycosyltransferases Correlated with Cuproptosis as a Prognostic Model for Colon Adenocarcinoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233728. [PMID: 36496988 PMCID: PMC9737711 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cuproptosis is a newly defined programmed cell death pattern and is believed to play an important role in tumorigenesis and progression. In addition, many studies have shown that glycosylation modification is of vital importance in tumor progression. However, it remains unclear whether glycosyltransferases, the most critical enzymes involved in glycosylation modification, are associated with cuproptosis. In this study, we used bioinformatic methods to construct a signature of cuproptosis-related glycosyltransferases to predict the prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma patients. We found that cuproptosis was highly correlated with four glycosyltransferases in COAD, and our model predicted the prognosis of COAD patients. Further analysis of related functions revealed the possibility that cuproptosis-related glycosyltransferase Exostosin-like 2 (EXTL2) participated in tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bo Liu
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (B.L.)
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2
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OUP accepted manuscript. Glycobiology 2022; 32:616-628. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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3
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Abstract
Human lifespan has increased significantly in the last 200 years, emphasizing our need to age healthily. Insights into molecular mechanisms of aging might allow us to slow down its rate or even revert it. Similar to aging, glycosylation is regulated by an intricate interplay of genetic and environmental factors. The dynamics of glycopattern variation during aging has been mostly explored for plasma/serum and immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycome, as we describe thoroughly in this chapter. In addition, we discuss the potential functional role of agalactosylated IgG glycans in aging, through modulation of inflammation level, as proposed by the concept of inflammaging. We also comment on the potential to use the plasma/serum and IgG N-glycome as a biomarker of healthy aging and on the interventions that modulate the IgG glycopattern. Finally, we discuss the current knowledge about animal models for human plasma/serum and IgG glycosylation and mention other, less explored, instances of glycopattern changes during organismal aging and cellular senescence.
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Miyoshi E, Kamada Y, Suzuki T. Functional glycomics: Application to medical science and hepatology. Hepatol Res 2020; 50:153-164. [PMID: 31750967 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycomics refers to the comprehensive analysis of glycans. Recent progress in glycotechnology enables the determination of a variety of biological functions of glycans. Among different glycosylation patterns, certain types of aberrant glycosylation are linked to cancer and/or inflammation, and thus have biological importance. Glycotechnology has been applied to many fields of medical science, including hepatology. In particular, dramatic changes in glycosylation are observed in the progression of liver diseases. As the liver produces so many serum glycoproteins, changes in glycosylation of these proteins might provide useful disease biomarkers. Furthermore, many patients with genetic diseases of glycosylation who have liver dysfunction have been found as a result from whole genome sequencing, and various kinds of glycotherapy have been developed, especially in immunotherapy. In this review, we describe our basic knowledge of glycobiology and discuss the application of these data to medical science, especially hepatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Wako, Saitama, Japan
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5
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Tiwari P, Sangwan RS, Sangwan NS. Plant secondary metabolism linked glycosyltransferases: An update on expanding knowledge and scopes. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:714-739. [PMID: 27131396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The multigene family of enzymes known as glycosyltransferases or popularly known as GTs catalyze the addition of carbohydrate moiety to a variety of synthetic as well as natural compounds. Glycosylation of plant secondary metabolites is an emerging area of research in drug designing and development. The unsurpassing complexity and diversity among natural products arising due to glycosylation type of alterations including glycodiversification and glycorandomization are emerging as the promising approaches in pharmacological studies. While, some GTs with broad spectrum of substrate specificity are promising candidates for glycoengineering while others with stringent specificity pose limitations in accepting molecules and performing catalysis. With the rising trends in diseases and the efficacy/potential of natural products in their treatment, glycosylation of plant secondary metabolites constitutes a key mechanism in biogeneration of their glycoconjugates possessing medicinal properties. The present review highlights the role of glycosyltransferases in plant secondary metabolism with an overview of their identification strategies, catalytic mechanism and structural studies on plant GTs. Furthermore, the article discusses the biotechnological and biomedical application of GTs ranging from detoxification of xenobiotics and hormone homeostasis to the synthesis of glycoconjugates and crop engineering. The future directions in glycosyltransferase research should focus on the synthesis of bioactive glycoconjugates via metabolic engineering and manipulation of enzyme's active site leading to improved/desirable catalytic properties. The multiple advantages of glycosylation in plant secondary metabolomics highlight the increasing significance of the GTs, and in near future, the enzyme superfamily may serve as promising path for progress in expanding drug targets for pharmacophore discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Tiwari
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Rajender Singh Sangwan
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India; Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), A National Institute under Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, C-127, Phase-8, Industrial Area, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160071, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam S Sangwan
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India.
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6
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Narimatsu H. Development of M2BPGi: a novel fibrosis serum glyco-biomarker for chronic hepatitis/cirrhosis diagnostics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2015; 12:683-93. [PMID: 26394846 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2015.1084874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many proteins in the living body are glycoproteins, which present glycans linked on their surface. Glycan structures reflect the degree of cell differentiation or canceration and are cell specific. These characteristics are advantageous in the development of various disease biomarkers. Glycoprotein-based biomarkers (glyco-biomarkers) are developed by utilizing the specific changes in the glycan structure on a glycoprotein secreted from the diseased cells of interest. Therefore, quantification of the altered glycan structures is the key to developing a new glyco-biomarker. Glycoscience is a relatively new area of molecular science, and recent advancement of glycotechnologies is remarkable. In the author's institute, new glycoscience technologies have been designed to be efficiently utilized for the development of new diagnostic agents. This paper introduces a strategy for glyco-biomarker development, which was successfully applied in the development of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive Mac-2 binding protein M2BPGi, a liver fibrosis marker now commercially available for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Narimatsu
- a Research Center for Medical Glycoscience (RCMG), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
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7
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Akiyoshi S, Nomura KH, Dejima K, Murata D, Matsuda A, Kanaki N, Takaki T, Mihara H, Nagaishi T, Furukawa S, Ando KG, Yoshina S, Mitani S, Togayachi A, Suzuki Y, Shikanai T, Narimatsu H, Nomura K. RNAi screening of human glycogene orthologs in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the construction of the C. elegans glycogene database. Glycobiology 2015; 25:8-20. [PMID: 25091817 PMCID: PMC4245905 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we selected 181 nematode glycogenes that are orthologous to human glycogenes and examined their RNAi phenotypes. The results are deposited in the Caenorhabditis elegans Glycogene Database (CGGDB) at AIST, Tsukuba, Japan. The most prominent RNAi phenotypes observed are disruptions of cell cycle progression in germline mitosis/meiosis and in early embryonic cell mitosis. Along with the previously reported roles of chondroitin proteoglycans, glycosphingolipids and GPI-anchored proteins in cell cycle progression, we show for the first time that the inhibition of the functions of N-glycan synthesis genes (cytoplasmic alg genes) resulted in abnormal germline formation, ER stress and small body size phenotypes. The results provide additional information on the roles of glycoconjugates in the cell cycle progression mechanisms of germline and embryonic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuko H Nomura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences 33, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi Center Building, 4-1-8 Hon-cho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Katsufumi Dejima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences 33, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi Center Building, 4-1-8 Hon-cho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Daisuke Murata
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi Center Building, 4-1-8 Hon-cho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | | | - Nanako Kanaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences 33, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Takaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences 33, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mihara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences 33, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nagaishi
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, and Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences 33, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Shuhei Furukawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences 33, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Keiko-Gengyo Ando
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi Center Building, 4-1-8 Hon-cho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Sawako Yoshina
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Shohei Mitani
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi Center Building, 4-1-8 Hon-cho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Akira Togayachi
- Glycomedicine Technology Research Center (GTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Suzuki
- Glycomedicine Technology Research Center (GTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Toshihide Shikanai
- Glycomedicine Technology Research Center (GTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Hisashi Narimatsu
- Glycomedicine Technology Research Center (GTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nomura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences 33, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi Center Building, 4-1-8 Hon-cho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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8
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Fu C, Tanaka A, Free SJ. Neurospora crassa 1,3-α-glucan synthase, AGS-1, is required for cell wall biosynthesis during macroconidia development. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2014; 160:1618-1627. [PMID: 24847001 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.080002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Neurospora crassa genome encodes two 1,3-α-glucan synthases. One of these 1,3-α-glucan synthase genes, ags-1, was shown to be required for the synthesis of 1,3-α-glucan in the aerial hyphae and macroconidia cell walls. 1,3-α-Glucan was found in the conidia cell wall, but was absent from the vegetative hyphae cell wall. Deletion of ags-1 affected conidial development. Δags-1 produced only 5 % as many conidia as the WT and most of the conidia produced by Δags-1 were not viable. The ags-1 upstream regulatory elements were shown to direct cell-type-specific expression of red fluorescent protein in conidia and aerial hyphae. A haemagglutinin-tagged AGS-1 was found to be expressed in aerial hyphae and conidia. The research showed that 1,3-α-glucan is an aerial hyphae and conidia cell wall component, and is required for normal conidial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Asuma Tanaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Stephen J Free
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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9
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Fellenberg M, Behnken HN, Nagel T, Wiegandt A, Baerenfaenger M, Meyer B. Glycan analysis: scope and limitations of different techniques--a case for integrated use of LC-MS(/MS) and NMR techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7291-305. [PMID: 23852147 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The structure of glycans from glycoproteins is highly relevant for their function. We tightly integrate liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), MS/MS, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data to achieve a complete characterization of even isobaric glycans differing in only one linkage position or in the substitution in one branch. As example, we analyzed ten desialylated underivatized glycans from bovine fibrinogen. The molecules were separated on a PGC column, and LC-MS data allowed an assignment of the compositions of the glycans. MS/MS data of the same glycans allowed elucidation of sequence and to some extent of branching and linkage. All MS/MS fragmentation methods led to multiple dissociations, resulting in several cases in ambiguous data. The MS/MS data were interpreted both by scientists and automatically by software, and the differential results are compared. Additional data from a tight integration of LC-MS and NMR data resulted in a complete structural characterization of the glycans. The acquisition of simple 1D (1)H NMR data led--in combination with LC-MS and MS/MS data--to an unambiguous assignment of the isobaric glycans. Compounds that were not separated in the chromatography could easily be assigned structurally by applying the 3D cross-correlation (3DCC) technology to arrive at NMR spectra of the pure components-without actually separating them. By applying LC-MS, MS/MS, 1D (1)H NMR, and 3DCC together, one can assign glycan structures from glycoconjugates with high confidence affording only 200 pmol of glycan material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Fellenberg
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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10
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A practical approach to reconstruct evolutionary history of animal sialyltransferases and gain insights into the sequence-function relationships of Golgi-glycosyltransferases. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1022:73-97. [PMID: 23765655 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-465-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In higher vertebrates, sialyltransferases catalyze the transfer of sialic acid residues, either Neu5Ac or Neu5Gc or KDN from an activated sugar donor, which is mainly CMP-Neu5Ac in human tissues, to the hydroxyl group of another saccharide acceptor. In the human genome, 20 unique genes have been described that encode enzymes with remarkable specificity with regards to their acceptor substrates and the glycosidic linkage formed. A systematic search of sialyltransferase-related sequences in genome and EST databases and the use of bioinformatic tools enabled us to investigate the evolutionary history of animal sialyltransferases and propose original models of divergent evolution of animal sialyltransferases. In this chapter, we extend our phylogenetic studies to the comparative analysis of the environment of sialyltransferase gene loci (synteny and paralogy studies), the variations of tissue expression of these genes and the analysis of amino-acid position evolution after gene duplications, in order to assess their sequence-function relationships and the molecular basis underlying their functional divergence.
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11
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Breton C, Fournel-Gigleux S, Palcic MM. Recent structures, evolution and mechanisms of glycosyltransferases. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2012; 22:540-9. [PMID: 22819665 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cellular glycome assembly requires the coordinated action of a large number of glycosyltransferases that catalyse the transfer of a sugar residue from a donor to specific acceptor molecules. This enzyme family is very ancient, encompassing all three domains of life. There has been considerable recent progress in structural glycobiology with the determination of crystal structures of several important glycosyltransferase members, showing novel folds and variations around a common α/β scaffold. Structural, kinetic and inhibitor data have led to the emergence of various scenarios with respect to their evolutionary history and reaction mechanisms thus highlighting the different solutions that nature has selected to catalyse glycosyl transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Breton
- CERMAV-CNRS, University of Grenoble 1, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble, France.
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12
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Petrovski S, Tillett D, Seviour RJ. Isolation and complete genome sequence of a bacteriophage lysing Tetrasphaera jenkinsii, a filamentous bacteria responsible for bulking in activated sludge. Virus Genes 2012; 45:380-8. [PMID: 22710996 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-012-0771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The Nosticoida limicola filamentous morphotype is held responsible for incidents of bulking and foaming in activated sludge. Members of the actinobacterial N. limicola II have been isolated and grown in pure culture and shown to belong to the genus Tetrasphaera, and play an important role in phosphorus removal. This article describes the isolation and genomic characterization of a phage able to lyse Tetrasphaera jenkinsii, TJE1. This lytic phage is a member of the Caudovirales specific for T. jenkinsii. The complete DNA sequence of TJE1 phage revealed it to have a circularly permuted genome (49,219 bp) with 66 putative open reading frames, a single transcriptional terminator, and 6 pairs of inverted repeats within the genome sequence. The TJE1 phage genome is organised into a modular gene structure, but shares only limited sequence identity with other phages so far described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Petrovski
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia.
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13
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Basu S, Ma R, Moskal JR, Basu M, Banerjee S. Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells: Modulation of Genes for Glycoconjugate Biosynthesis and Targeted Drug Delivery. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 749:233-55. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3381-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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He X, Zhang Y, Wu X, Xiao S, Yu Z. Cloning and characterization of two ferritin subunit genes from bay scallop, Argopecten irradians (Lamarck 1819). Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:2125-32. [PMID: 20878240 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We have cloned two full-length cDNAs from two ferritin genes (Aifer1 and Aifer2) of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians (Lamarck 1819). The cDNAs are 1,019 and 827 bp in length and encode proteins of 171 and 173 amino acids, respectively. The 5' UTR of each contains a conserved iron response element (IRE) motif. Sequence analyses reveal that both proteins belong to the H-ferritin family with seven conserved amino acids in the ferroxidase center. Highest expression of Aifer1 is found in the mantle and adductor muscle, while that of Aifer2 is only in the latter tissue. These Aifer genes are differentially expressed following bacterial challenge of the scallop. The expression level of Aifer1 was acutely up-regulated (over 10 fold) at 6 h post-bacteria injection, whereas Aifer2 expression was not significantly changed by bacterial challenge. Both genes were effectively expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3), producing proteins of similar molecular weight, approximately 23 kDa. Purified Aifer1 and Aifer2 proteins exhibited iron-chelating activity of 33.1% and 30.4%, respectively, at a concentration of 5 mg/ml. Cations, Mg(2+), Zn(2+) and Ca(2+), depressed iron-chelating activity of both proteins. Additionally, the E. coli cells expressing recombinant Aifer1 and Aifer2 showed tolerance to H(2)O(2), providing a direct evidence of the antioxidation function of ferritin. The results presented in this study suggest important roles of Aifer1 and Aifer2 in the regulation of iron homeostasis, immune response, and antioxidative stress in A. irradians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Sustainable Utilization and Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
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16
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Akune Y, Hosoda M, Kaiya S, Shinmachi D, Aoki-Kinoshita KF. The RINGS Resource for Glycome Informatics Analysis and Data Mining on the Web. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2010; 14:475-86. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2009.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Akune
- Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
| | - Masae Hosoda
- Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
| | - Sakiko Kaiya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shinmachi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
| | - Kiyoko F. Aoki-Kinoshita
- Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
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Frank M, Schloissnig S. Bioinformatics and molecular modeling in glycobiology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:2749-72. [PMID: 20364395 PMCID: PMC2912727 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The field of glycobiology is concerned with the study of the structure, properties, and biological functions of the family of biomolecules called carbohydrates. Bioinformatics for glycobiology is a particularly challenging field, because carbohydrates exhibit a high structural diversity and their chains are often branched. Significant improvements in experimental analytical methods over recent years have led to a tremendous increase in the amount of carbohydrate structure data generated. Consequently, the availability of databases and tools to store, retrieve and analyze these data in an efficient way is of fundamental importance to progress in glycobiology. In this review, the various graphical representations and sequence formats of carbohydrates are introduced, and an overview of newly developed databases, the latest developments in sequence alignment and data mining, and tools to support experimental glycan analysis are presented. Finally, the field of structural glycoinformatics and molecular modeling of carbohydrates, glycoproteins, and protein-carbohydrate interaction are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Frank
- Molecular Structure Analysis Core Facility-W160, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (German Cancer Research Centre), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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18
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Hansen SF, Bettler E, Rinnan A, Engelsen SB, Breton C. Exploring genomes for glycosyltransferases. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:1773-81. [PMID: 20556308 DOI: 10.1039/c000238k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases are one of the largest and most diverse enzyme groups in Nature. They catalyse the synthesis of glycosidic linkages by the transfer of a sugar residue from a donor to an acceptor substrate. These enzymes have been classified into families on the basis of amino acid sequence similarity that are kept updated in the Carbohydrate Active enZyme database (CAZy, ). The repertoire of glycosyltransferases in genomes is believed to determine the diversity of cellular glycan structures, and current estimates suggest that for most genomes about 1% of the coding regions are glycosyltransferases. However, plants tend to have far more glycosyltransferase genes than any other organism sequenced to date, and this can be explained by the highly complex polysaccharide network that form the cell wall and also by the numerous glycosylated secondary metabolites. In recent years, various bioinformatics strategies have been used to search bacterial and plant genomes for new glycosyltransferase genes. These are based on the use of remote homology detection methods that act at the 1D, 2D, and 3D level. The combined use of methods such as profile Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and fold recognition appears to be appropriate for this class of enzyme. Chemometric tools are also particularly well suited for obtaining an overview of multivariate data and revealing hidden latent information when dealing with large and highly complex datasets.
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Narimatsu H, Sawaki H, Kuno A, Kaji H, Ito H, Ikehara Y. A strategy for discovery of cancer glyco-biomarkers in serum using newly developed technologies for glycoproteomics. FEBS J 2009; 277:95-105. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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In silico cloning, expression of Rieske-like apoprotein gene and protein subcellular localization in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:3259-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9910-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Synthesis of 2-deoxy-hexopyranosyl derivatives of uridine as donor substrate analogues for glycosyltransferases. Bioorg Chem 2009; 37:211-6. [PMID: 19765794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-deoxy-hexopyranosyl derivatives of uridine have been synthesized as analogues of UDP-sugar. These compounds were tested as inhibitors against bovine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase I in fluorescent assays and showed no significant inhibition.
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22
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Schachter H. Paucimannose N-glycans in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:1391-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ito H, Kuno A, Sawaki H, Sogabe M, Ozaki H, Tanaka Y, Mizokami M, Shoda JI, Angata T, Sato T, Hirabayashi J, Ikehara Y, Narimatsu H. Strategy for glycoproteomics: identification of glyco-alteration using multiple glycan profiling tools. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:1358-67. [PMID: 19178301 DOI: 10.1021/pr800735j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Glycan alterations of proteins, a common feature of cancer cells, are associated with carcinogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Glycomics, the study of glycans and glycan-binding proteins in various biological systems, is an emerging field in the postgenome and postproteomics era. However, systematic and robust strategies for glycomics are still not fully established because the structural analysis of glycans, which comprise different patterns of branching, various possible linkage positions as well as monomer anomericity, is technically difficult. Here, we introduce a new strategy for glyco-alteration analysis of glycoproteins by using multiple glycan profiling tools. To understand glycan alterations of proteins by correlating the glycosyltransferase expression profile with the actual glycan structure, we systematically used three glycan profiling tools: (1) multiplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) array format for profiling the expression pattern of glycogenes, (2) lectin microarray as a multiplex glycan-lectin interaction analysis system for profiling either a pool of cell glycoproteins or a target glycoprotein, and (3) tandem mass spectrometry for identifying the glycan structure connected to a target glycoprotein. Using our system, we successfully identified glycan alterations on alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), including a novel LacdiNAc structure in addition to previously reported alterations such as alpha1,6 fucosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Ito
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
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Mitsunaga K, Harada-Itadani J, Shikanai T, Tateno H, Ikehara Y, Hirabayashi J, Narimatsu H, Angata T. Human C21orf63 is a Heparin-binding Protein. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 146:369-73. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvp079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hashimoto K, Tokimatsu T, Kawano S, Yoshizawa AC, Okuda S, Goto S, Kanehisa M. Comprehensive analysis of glycosyltransferases in eukaryotic genomes for structural and functional characterization of glycans. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:881-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lütteke
- CMBI, NCMLS, Radboud University Nijmegen, P. O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen (The Netherlands).
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Post-translational and transcriptional regulation of glycolipid glycosyltransferase genes in apoptotic breast carcinoma cells: VII. Studied by DNA-microarray after treatment with l-PPMP. Glycoconj J 2009; 26:647-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-008-9219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Revised: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Schachter H. The functions of paucimannose N-glycans in Caenorhabditis elegans. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2009. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.21.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Glycosylation diseases: quo vadis? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2008; 1792:925-30. [PMID: 19061954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Revised: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
About 250 to 500 glycogenes (genes that are directly involved in glycan assembly) are in the human genome representing about 1-2% of the total genome. Over 40 human congenital diseases associated with glycogene mutations have been described to date. It is almost certain that the causative glycogene mutations for many more congenital diseases remain to be discovered. Some glycogenes are involved in the synthesis of only a specific protein and/or a specific class of glycan whereas others play a role in the biosynthesis of more than one glycan class. Mutations in the latter type of glycogene result in complex clinical phenotypes that present difficult diagnostic problems to the clinician. In order to understand in biochemical terms the clinical signs and symptoms of a patient with a glycogene mutation, one must understand how the glycogene works. That requires, first of all, determination of the target protein or proteins of the glycogene followed by an understanding of the role, if any, of the glycogene-dependent glycan in the functions of the protein. Many glycogenes act on thousands of glycoproteins. There are unfortunately no general methods to identify all the potentially large number of glycogene target proteins and which of these proteins are responsible for the mutant phenotypes. Whereas biochemical methods have been highly successful in the discovery of glycogenes responsible for many congenital diseases, it has more recently been necessary to use other methods such as homozygosity mapping. Accurate diagnosis of many recently discovered diseases has become difficult and new diagnostic procedures must be developed. Last but not least is the lack of effective treatment for most of these children and of animal models that can be used to test new therapies.
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Wandzik I, Bieg T. Adducts of uridine and glycals as potential substrates for glycosyltransferases. Bioorg Chem 2007; 35:401-16. [PMID: 17707879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Revised: 07/01/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis of 2-deoxyglycosyl derivatives of uridine as potential donor substrates for glycosyltransferases. The totally stereoselective synthesis is accomplished by two sequential addition reactions of uridine derivatives to glycals promoted by triphenylphosphine-hydrogen bromide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Wandzik
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, 44-100 Gliwice, Krzywoustego 4, Poland.
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Torres LL, Salerno GL. A metabolic pathway leading to mannosylfructose biosynthesis in Agrobacterium tumefaciens uncovers a family of mannosyltransferases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:14318-23. [PMID: 17728402 PMCID: PMC1964871 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0706709104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A metabolic pathway for biosynthesis of the nonreducing disaccharide mannosylfructose (beta-fructofuranosyl-alpha-mannopyranoside), an important osmolyte in Agrobacterium tumefaciens, was discovered. We have identified and functionally characterized two ORFs that correspond to genes (named mfpsA and mfppA) encoding the rare enzymes mannosylfructose-phosphate synthase and mannosylfructose-phosphate phosphatase, an associated phosphohydrolase. The mfpsA and mfppA genes are arranged in an operon structure, whose transcription is up-regulated by NaCl, resulting in the accumulation of mannosylfructose in the cells. Not only is the biosynthesis of mannosylfructose mechanistically similar to that of sucrose, but the corresponding genes for the biosynthesis of both disaccharides are also phylogenetic close relatives. Importantly, a protein phylogeny analysis indicated that mannosylfructose-phosphate synthase defines a unique group of mannosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia L. Torres
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas, Casilla de Correo, 1348, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Graciela L. Salerno
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas, Casilla de Correo, 1348, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Vieytes 3103, Casilla de Correo, 1348, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina. E-mail:
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32
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Abstract
Glycosylation produces an abundant, diverse, and highly regulated repertoire of cellular glycans that are frequently attached to proteins and lipids. The past decade of research on glycan function has revealed that the enzymes responsible for glycosylation-the glycosyltransferases and glycosidases-are essential in the development and physiology of living organisms. Glycans participate in many key biological processes including cell adhesion, molecular trafficking and clearance, receptor activation, signal transduction, and endocytosis. This review discusses the increasingly sophisticated molecular mechanisms being discovered by which mammalian glycosylation governs physiology and contributes to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Ohtsubo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive-MC0625, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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