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Butler DL, Imberti L, Quaresima V, Fiorini C, Gildersleeve JC. Abnormal antibodies to self-carbohydrates in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac062. [PMID: 35865361 PMCID: PMC9291223 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Our immune system is critical for preventing and treating SARS-CoV-2 infections, but aberrant immune responses can have deleterious effects. While antibodies to glycans could recognize the virus and influence the clinical outcome, little is known about their roles. Using a carbohydrate antigen microarray, we profiled serum antibodies in healthy control subjects and COVID-19 patients from two separate cohorts. COVID-19 patients had numerous autoantibodies to self-glycans, including antiganglioside antibodies that can cause neurological disorders. Additionally, nearly all antiglycan IgM signals were lower in COVID-19 patients, indicating a global dysregulation of this class of antibodies. Autoantibodies to certain N-linked glycans correlated with more severe disease, as did low levels of antibodies to the Forssman antigen and ovalbumin. Collectively, this study indicates that expanded testing for antiglycan antibodies could be beneficial for clinical analysis of COVID-19 patients and illustrates the importance of including host and viral carbohydrate antigens when studying immune responses to viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy L Butler
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Luisa Imberti
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL (CREA) and Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Virginia Quaresima
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL (CREA) and Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorini
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL (CREA) and Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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2
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Anti-glycan antibodies: roles in human disease. Biochem J 2021; 478:1485-1509. [PMID: 33881487 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-binding antibodies play diverse and critical roles in human health. Endogenous carbohydrate-binding antibodies that recognize bacterial, fungal, and other microbial carbohydrates prevent systemic infections and help maintain microbiome homeostasis. Anti-glycan antibodies can have both beneficial and detrimental effects. For example, alloantibodies to ABO blood group carbohydrates can help reduce the spread of some infectious diseases, but they also impose limitations for blood transfusions. Antibodies that recognize self-glycans can contribute to autoimmune diseases, such as Guillain-Barre syndrome. In addition to endogenous antibodies that arise through natural processes, a variety of vaccines induce anti-glycan antibodies as a primary mechanism of protection. Some examples of approved carbohydrate-based vaccines that have had a major impact on human health are against pneumococcus, Haemophilus influeanza type b, and Neisseria meningitidis. Monoclonal antibodies specifically targeting pathogen associated or tumor associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are used clinically for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This review aims to highlight some of the well-studied and critically important applications of anti-carbohydrate antibodies.
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Butler DL, Gildersleeve JC. Abnormal antibodies to self-carbohydrates in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.10.15.341479. [PMID: 33083799 PMCID: PMC7574254 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.15.341479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a deadly virus that is causing the global pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our immune system plays a critical role in preventing, clearing, and treating the virus, but aberrant immune responses can contribute to deleterious symptoms and mortality. Many aspects of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 are being investigated, but little is known about immune responses to carbohydrates. Since the surface of the virus is heavily glycosylated, pre-existing antibodies to glycans could potentially recognize the virus and influence disease progression. Furthermore, antibody responses to carbohydrates could be induced, affecting disease severity and clinical outcome. In this study, we used a carbohydrate antigen microarray with over 800 individual components to profile serum anti-glycan antibodies in COVID-19 patients and healthy control subjects. In COVID-19 patients, we observed abnormally high IgG and IgM antibodies to numerous self-glycans, including gangliosides, N -linked glycans, LacNAc-containing glycans, blood group H, and sialyl Lewis X. Some of these anti-glycan antibodies are known to play roles in autoimmune diseases and neurological disorders, which may help explain some of the unusual and prolonged symptoms observed in COVID-19 patients. The detection of antibodies to self-glycans has important implications for using convalescent serum to treat patients, developing safe and effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and understanding the risks of infection. In addition, this study provides new insight into the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and illustrates the importance of including host and viral carbohydrate antigens when studying immune responses to viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy L. Butler
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702
| | - Jeffrey C. Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702
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Neurological disorders-associated anti-glycosphingolipid IgG-antibodies display differentially restricted IgG subclass distribution. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13074. [PMID: 32753699 PMCID: PMC7403582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies against several self-glycans on glycosphingolipids are frequently detected in different neurological disorders. Their pathogenic role is profusely documented, but the keys for their origin remain elusive. Additionally, antibodies recognizing non-self glycans appear in normal human serum during immune response to bacteria. Using HPTLC-immunostaining we aimed to characterize IgM and IgG subclass antibody responses against glycosphingolipids carrying self glycans (GM1/GM2/GM3/GD1a/GD1b/GD3/GT1b/GQ1b) and non-self glycans (Forssman/GA1/“A” blood group/Nt7) in sera from 27 randomly selected neurological disorder patients presenting IgG reactivity towards any of these antigens. Presence of IgG2 (p = 0.0001) and IgG1 (p = 0.0078) was more frequent for IgG antibodies against non-self glycans, along with less restricted antibody response (two or more simultaneous IgG subclasses). Contrariwise, IgG subclass distribution against self glycans showed clear dominance for IgG3 presence (p = 0.0017) and more restricted IgG-subclass distributions (i.e. a single IgG subclass, p = 0.0133). Interestingly, anti-self glycan IgG antibodies with simultaneous IgM presence had higher proportion of IgG2 (p = 0.0295). IgG subclass frequencies were skewed towards IgG1 (p = 0.0266) for “anti-self glycan A” subgroup (GM2/GM1/GD1b) and to IgG3 (p = 0.0007) for “anti-self glycan B” subgroup (GM3/GD1a/GD3/GT1b/GQ1b). Variations in players and/or antigenic presentation pathways supporting isotype (M-G) and IgG-subclass pattern differences in the humoral immune response against glycosphingolipids carrying non-self versus self-glycans are discussed.
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Lardone RD, Irazoqui FJ, Nores GA. Most of anti-glycolipid IgG-antibodies associated to neurological disorders occur without their IgM counterpart. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:67. [PMID: 31492138 PMCID: PMC6729026 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Different neurological disorders frequently display antibodies against several self-glycans. Increasing evidence supports their pathogenic role; however, far less is known about their origin. Meanwhile, antibodies recognizing non-self glycans appear in normal human serum during immune response to bacteria. Methods Using high performance thin layer chromatography-immunostaining, we comparatively evaluated humoral immune response (IgG and IgM immunoreactivity) against glycolipids carrying self-glycans (GM3/GM2/GM1/GD1a/GD1b/GD3/GT1b/GQ1b) and non-self glycans (Forssman/GA1/“A” blood group/Nt7) in sera from 383 patients with neurological disorders along with 87 healthy controls. Results In contrast to no healthy controls having anti-self glycan IgG antibodies, one-fifth of patients’ sera had anti-self glycan IgG antibodies: remarkably, 60% of these occurred without IgM antibodies of the same specificity. Contrary to this unusual fact (anti-self glycan IgG occurrence without simultaneous presence of IgM having the same specificity ~ IgG/IgM discordance), all IgG antibodies against non-self glycans occurred simultaneously with their IgM antibody counterpart (i.e. 0% discordance). When analyzed closer, the IgG/IgM discordance frequency for anti-self glycans exhibited a dual trend: below 40% for IgG antibodies against GM2, GM1 and GD1b, and greater than 53% for IgG antibodies against the remaining self glycans. Interestingly, this discordance behavior was common to several different neurological disorders. Conclusions Classic immunology principles indicate this anti-self glycan IgG/IgM discordance should not occur in an antibody response; its unusual presence is discussed within the “binding site drift hypothesis” context, where anti-self glycan IgG antibodies could originate from pre-existing IgG recognizing structurally-related non-self glycans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12929-019-0562-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Dante Lardone
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina. .,Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), CONICET. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Fernando José Irazoqui
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), CONICET. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Alejandro Nores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), CONICET. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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6
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Zlocowski N, Grupe V, Garay YC, Nores GA, Lardone RD, Irazoqui FJ. Purified human anti-Tn and anti-T antibodies specifically recognize carcinoma tissues. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8097. [PMID: 31147593 PMCID: PMC6543037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Described in several epithelial cancer cells, Tn- (GalNAcα1-O-Ser/Thr) and T- (Galβ3GalNAcα1-O-Ser/Thr) antigens are examples of tumor-associated antigens. Increased expression of Tn- and T-antigens is associated with tumor invasion and metastasis, and patients with high concentration of anti-Tn and anti-T antibodies have a more benign evolution of pathology. Asialofetuin (ASF) and ovine submaxillary mucin (OSM) are two glycoproteins that expose T- and Tn-antigen, respectively. In this work, using ASF or OSM we affinity-purified anti-T and anti-Tn antibodies from normal human plasma and tested their ability to specifically recognize tumor human tissues. Whereas purified anti-T antibodies (purity degree increase of 127-fold, and 22% recovery) were mainly IgG, for purified anti-Tn antibodies (purity degree enhancement of 125-fold, and 26% yield) the IgM fraction was predominant over the IgG one. IgG2 subclass was significantly enriched in both purified antibody samples. Purified antibodies did not bind normal human tissue (0/42), although recognized malignant tissues from different origin such as colon carcinoma (11/77 by anti-Tn; 7/79 by anti-T), breast carcinoma (10/23 by anti-Tn; 7/23 by anti-T), and kidney carcinoma (45/51 by anti-Tn; 42/51 by anti-T). Our results suggest that purified human anti-Tn and anti-T antibodies have a potential as anti-tumor therapeutic agents; restoring their levels in human sera could positively affect the evolution of patients with epithelial tumor pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Zlocowski
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Bv. De la Reforma y Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Veronica Grupe
- Fundacion para el Progreso de la Medicina, Laboratorio de Alta Complejidad, 9 de Julio 941, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yohana C Garay
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A Nores
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ricardo D Lardone
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fernando J Irazoqui
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
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7
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Mazzoleni A, Mallet JM, Rovero P, Papini AM. Glycoreplica peptides to investigate molecular mechanisms of immune-mediated physiological versus pathological conditions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 663:44-53. [PMID: 30594643 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of the role of saccharides and glycoconjugates in mechanisms of immune-mediated physiological and pathological conditions is a hot topic. In fact, in many autoimmune diseases cross-reactivity between sugar moieties exposed on exogenous pathogens and self-molecules has long been hinted. Several peptides have been reported as mimetics of glycans specifically interacting with sugar-binding antibodies. The seek for these glycoreplica peptides is instrumental in characterizing antigen mimicry pathways and their involvement in triggering autoimmunity. Therefore, peptides mimicking glycan-protein interactions are valuable molecular tools to overcome the difficulties of oligosaccharide preparations. The clinical impact of peptide-based probes for autoimmune diseases diagnosis and follow-up is emerging only recently as just the tip of the iceberg of an overlooked potential. Here we provide a brief overview of the relevance of the structural and functional aspects of peptide probes and their mimicry effect in autoimmunity mechanisms for promising applications in diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mazzoleni
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Laboratoire des Biomolécules, UMR 7203, Département de chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Maurice Mallet
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, UMR 7203, Département de chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Rovero
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceuticals, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Platform of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology - PeptLab@UCP and Laboratory of Chemical Biology EA4505, Université Paris-Seine, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, 95031, Cergy-Pontoise CEDEX, France.
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Ohta Y, Kawahara Y, Tadokoro K, Sato K, Sasaki R, Takahashi Y, Takemoto M, Hishikawa N, Yamashita T, Asano T, Inomata T, Abe K. Asymmetrical and Isolated Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy Accompanied by a New Subset of Anti-ganglioside Antibodies in a Patient with Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Intern Med 2019; 58:283-286. [PMID: 30146587 PMCID: PMC6378144 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1269-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant lymphoma sometimes involves peripheral nerves due to paraneoplastic syndrome associated with anti-ganglioside antibodies. We report a very rare case of malignant lymphoma accompanied by an asymmetrical and isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy associated with a new subset of anti-ganglioside antibodies. Magnetic resonance imaging and 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose position emission tomography showed no abnormalities of the hypoglossal nerve nucleus; however, the patient' s serum was positive for anti-sulfated glucuronyl paragloboside IgM antibodies as well as anti-GM1 IgM and anti-GQ1b IgM antibodies. The present case might suggest a paraneoplastic asymmetrical and isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy associated with a new subset of anti-ganglioside antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Ohta
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Yuko Kawahara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Koh Tadokoro
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Kota Sato
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Ryo Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Mami Takemoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hishikawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Toru Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Takeru Asano
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Tomoko Inomata
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
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Kamm F, Strauch U, Degenhardt F, Lopez R, Kunst C, Rogler G, Franke A, Klebl F, Rieders F. Serum anti-glycan-antibodies in relatives of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194222. [PMID: 29596443 PMCID: PMC5875751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum anti-glycan antibodies are a promising tool for differential diagnosis, disease stratification and prediction of Crohn's disease (CD). To investigate possible heritability of the markers we assessed the presence of serum anti-glycan antibodies in affected and unaffected relatives of patients with CD. METHODS Serum samples of 169 IBD patients of the German inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) network (140 CD & 29 Ulcerative colitis (UC)), 349 relatives of CD patients, 63 relatives of UC patients and 46 healthy controls were tested for the presence of anti-glycan antibodies by ELISA in a blinded fashion. Clinical data of the IBD patients and controls were available. RESULTS A higher proportion of non-affected CD relatives was positive for anti-glycan antibodies compared to healthy subjects. No inheritance of a specific pattern of anti-glycan antibodies could be detected. No difference in marker expression depending on the degree of relationship in the non-affected relatives was noted and the presence of family history did not lead to a difference in marker levels in the affected CD subjects. CONCLUSIONS Non-affected CD relatives had a higher frequency of anti-glycan antibodies compared to healthy subjects. This difference was mild and was found to be true for the overall reactivity to glycan antigens, but not for specific patterns. This may indicate an inherited mechanism resulting in a non-specific increased reactivity to microbial antigens in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kamm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Strauch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frauke Degenhardt
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rocio Lopez
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Claudia Kunst
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank Klebl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Rieders
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
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10
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Funes SC, Chiari ME, Comín R, Irazoqui FJ, Nores GA. Experimental Guillain-Barre syndrome induced by immunization with gangliosides: Keyhole limpet hemocyanin is required for disease triggering. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1473-1478. [PMID: 28188832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An experimental model of Guillain-Barré Syndrome has been established in recent years. Rabbits develop disease upon immunization with a single dose of an emulsion containing bovine brain gangliosides, KLH and complete Freund's adjuvant. Within a period of four to ten weeks after immunization, they began to produce anti-ganglioside IgG-antibodies first, and to show clinical signs of neuropathy afterwards. In addition to gangliosides, KLH is a requirement for antibody production and disease triggering. Although KLH is commonly used as an immunological carrier protein, an anti-KLH-specific immune response was necessary for induction of both events. KLH is a glycoprotein carrying most of the immunogenicity in its glycan moiety. Between 20% to 80% of anti-ganglioside IgG-antibodies present in sick rabbit sera cross-reacted with KLH, indicating that both immune responses are related. The terminal Gal-ß(1,3)-GalNAc glycan (present in gangliosides and KLH) is proposed as "key" antigenic determinant involved in inducing the anti-ganglioside immune response. These results are discussed in the context of the "binding site drift" hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta C Funes
- CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica "Dr. Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Chiari
- CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica "Dr. Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Romina Comín
- CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica "Dr. Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fernando J Irazoqui
- CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica "Dr. Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A Nores
- CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica "Dr. Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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11
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Cunningham ME, McGonigal R, Meehan GR, Barrie JA, Yao D, Halstead SK, Willison HJ. Anti-ganglioside antibodies are removed from circulation in mice by neuronal endocytosis. Brain 2016; 139:1657-65. [PMID: 27017187 PMCID: PMC4892750 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SEE VAN DOORN AND JACOBS DOI101093/BRAIN/AWW078 FOR A SCIENTIFIC COMMENTARY ON THIS ARTICLE : In axonal forms of Guillain-Barré syndrome, anti-ganglioside antibodies bind gangliosides on nerve surfaces, thereby causing injury through complement activation and immune cell recruitment. Why some nerve regions are more vulnerable than others is unknown. One reason may be that neuronal membranes with high endocytic activity, including nerve terminals involved in neurotransmitter recycling, are able to endocytose anti-ganglioside antibodies from the cell surface so rapidly that antibody-mediated injury is attenuated. Herein we investigated whether endocytic clearance of anti-ganglioside antibodies by nerve terminals might also be of sufficient magnitude to deplete circulating antibody levels. Remarkably, systemically delivered anti-ganglioside antibody in mice was so avidly cleared from the circulation by endocytosis at ganglioside-expressing plasma membranes that it was rapidly rendered undetectable in serum. A major component of the clearance occurred at motor nerve terminals of neuromuscular junctions, from where anti-ganglioside antibody was retrogradely transported to the motor neuron cell body in the spinal cord, recycled to the plasma membrane, and secreted into the surrounding spinal cord. Uptake at the neuromuscular junction represents a major unexpected pathway by which pathogenic anti-ganglioside antibodies, and potentially other ganglioside binding proteins, are cleared from the systemic circulation and also covertly delivered to the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine E Cunningham
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Rhona McGonigal
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Gavin R Meehan
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Jennifer A Barrie
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Denggao Yao
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Susan K Halstead
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Hugh J Willison
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
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12
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Devarapu SK, Mamidi S, Plöger F, Dill O, Blixt O, Kirschfink M, Schwartz-Albiez R. Cytotoxic activity against human neuroblastoma and melanoma cells mediated by IgM antibodies derived from peripheral blood of healthy donors. Int J Cancer 2016; 138:2963-73. [PMID: 26830059 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A small percentage of healthy donors identified in the Western population carry antibodies in their peripheral blood which convey cytotoxic activity against certain human melanoma and neuroblastoma cell lines. We measured the cytotoxic activity of sera and plasmas from healthy donors on the human neuroblastoma cell line Kelly and various melanoma cell lines. Antibodies of IgM isotype, presumably belonging to the class of naturally occurring antibodies, exerted cytotoxic activity in a complement-dependent fashion. Apart from complement-dependent tumor cell lysis, we observed C3 opsonization in all tumor cell lines upon treatment with cytotoxic plasmas. Cell lines tested primarily expressed membrane complement regulatory proteins (mCRP) CD46, CD55 and CD59 to various extents. Blocking of mCRPs by monoclonal antibodies enhanced cell lysis and opsonization, though some melanoma cells remained resistant to complement attack. Epitopes recognized by cytotoxic antibodies were represented by gangliosides such as GD2 and GD3, as evidenced by cellular sialidase pretreatment and enhanced expression of distinct gangliosides. It remains to be clarified why only a small fraction of healthy persons carry these antitumor cytotoxic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Srinivas Mamidi
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Ola Blixt
- Center for Glycomics, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Lardone RD, Yuki N, Irazoqui FJ, Nores GA. Individual Restriction Of Fine Specificity Variability In Anti-GM1 IgG Antibodies Associated With Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19901. [PMID: 26818965 PMCID: PMC4730213 DOI: 10.1038/srep19901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated titers of serum antibodies against GM1 ganglioside are associated with a variety of autoimmune neuropathies. Much evidence indicates these autoantibodies play a primary role in the disease processes, but the mechanism for their appearance is unclear. We studied the fine specificity of anti-GM1 antibodies of the IgG isotype present in sera from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), using thin-layer chromatogram-immunostaining of GM1, asialo-GM1 (GA1), GD1b and GM1-derivatives with small modifications on the oligosaccharide moiety. We were able to distinguish populations of antibodies with different fine specificity. Remarkably, individual patients presented only one or two of them, and different patients had different populations. This restriction in the variability of antibody populations suggests that the appearance of the anti-GM1 antibodies is a random process involving restricted populations of lymphocytes. With the origin of disease-associated anti-GM1 antibodies as a context, this finding could provide explanation for the “host susceptibility factor” observed in GBS following enteritis with GM1 oligosaccharide-carrying strains of Campylobacter jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo D Lardone
- Departamento de Química Biológica "Dr. Ranwel Caputto" - CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nobuhiro Yuki
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fernando J Irazoqui
- Departamento de Química Biológica "Dr. Ranwel Caputto" - CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A Nores
- Departamento de Química Biológica "Dr. Ranwel Caputto" - CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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14
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Dai H, Dong HL, Gong FY, Sun SL, Liu XY, Li ZG, Xiong SD, Gao XM. Disease Association and Arthritogenic Potential of Circulating Antibodies against the α1,4-Polygalacturonic Acid Moiety. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4533-40. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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15
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Daniotti JL, Vilcaes AA, Torres Demichelis V, Ruggiero FM, Rodriguez-Walker M. Glycosylation of glycolipids in cancer: basis for development of novel therapeutic approaches. Front Oncol 2013; 3:306. [PMID: 24392350 PMCID: PMC3867695 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered networks of gene regulation underlie many pathologies, including cancer. There are several proteins in cancer cells that are turned either on or off, which dramatically alters the metabolism and the overall activity of the cell, with the complex machinery of enzymes involved in the metabolism of glycolipids not being an exception. The aberrant glycosylation of glycolipids on the surface of the majority of cancer cells, associated with increasing evidence about the functional role of these molecules in a number of cellular physiological pathways, has received considerable attention as a convenient immunotherapeutic target for cancer treatment. This has resulted in the development of a substantial number of passive and active immunotherapies, which have shown promising results in clinical trials. More recently, antibodies to glycolipids have also emerged as an attractive tool for the targeted delivery of cytotoxic agents, thereby providing a rationale for future therapeutic interventions in cancer. This review first summarizes the cellular and molecular bases involved in the metabolic pathway and expression of glycolipids, both in normal and tumor cells, paying particular attention to sialosylated glycolipids (gangliosides). The current strategies in the battle against cancer in which glycolipids are key players are then described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Daniotti
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, UNC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Aldo A Vilcaes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, UNC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Vanina Torres Demichelis
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, UNC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Fernando M Ruggiero
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, UNC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Macarena Rodriguez-Walker
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, UNC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
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16
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Rinaldi S, Brennan KM, Kalna G, Walgaard C, van Doorn P, Jacobs BC, Yu RK, Mansson JE, Goodyear CS, Willison HJ. Antibodies to heteromeric glycolipid complexes in Guillain-Barré syndrome. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82337. [PMID: 24358172 PMCID: PMC3864991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies are infrequently detected in the sera of patients with the demyelinating form of Guillain-Barré syndrome most commonly encountered in the Western world, despite abundant circumstantial evidence suggesting their existence. We hypothesised that antibody specificities reliant on the cis interactions of neighbouring membrane glycolipids could explain this discrepancy, and would not have been detected by traditional serological assays using highly purified preparations of single gangliosides. To assess the frequency of glycolipid complex antibodies in a Western European cohort of patients GBS we used a newly developed combinatorial glycoarray methodology to screen against large range of antigens (11 gangliosides, 8 other single glycolipids and 162 heterodimeric glycolipid complexes). Serum samples of 181 patients from a geographically defined, Western European cohort of GBS cases were analysed, along with 161 control sera. Serum IgG binding to single gangliosides was observed in 80.0% of axonal GBS cases, but in only 11.8% of cases with demyelinating electrophysiology. The inclusion of glycolipid complexes increased the positivity rate in demyelinating disease to 62.4%. There were 40 antigens with statistically significantly increased binding intensities in GBS as compared to healthy control sera. Of these, 7 complex antigens and 1 single ganglioside also produced statistically significantly increased binding intensities in GBS versus neurological disease controls. The detection of antibodies against specific complexes was associated with particular clinical features including disease severity, requirement for mechanical ventilation, and axonal electrophysiology. This study demonstrates that while antibodies against single gangliosides are often found in cases with axonal-type electrophysiology, antibodies against glycolipid complexes predominate in cases with demyelinating electrophysiology, providing a more robust serum biomarker than has ever been previously available for such cases. This work confirms the activation of the humoral immune system in the dysimmune disease process in GBS, and correlates patterns of antigen recognition with different clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rinaldi
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Kathryn M. Brennan
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Kalna
- Bioinformatics, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christa Walgaard
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter van Doorn
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart C. Jacobs
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Centre, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert K. Yu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jan-Eric Mansson
- Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgren's University Hospital, Molndal, Sweden
| | - Carl S. Goodyear
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh J. Willison
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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17
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Potential of peptides as inhibitors and mimotopes: selection of carbohydrate-mimetic peptides from phage display libraries. J Nucleic Acids 2012; 2012:740982. [PMID: 23094142 PMCID: PMC3474289 DOI: 10.1155/2012/740982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoconjugates play various roles in biological processes. In particular, oligosaccharides on the surface of animal cells are involved in virus infection and cell-cell communication. Inhibitors of carbohydrate-protein interactions are potential antiviral drugs. Several anti-influenza drugs such as oseltamivir and zanamivir are derivatives of sialic acid, which inhibits neuraminidase. However, it is very difficult to prepare a diverse range of sugar derivatives by chemical synthesis or by the isolation of natural products. In addition, the pathogenic capsular polysaccharides of bacteria are carbohydrate antigens, for which a safe and efficacious method of vaccination is required. Phage-display technology has been improved to enable the identification of peptides that bind to carbohydrate-binding proteins, such as lectins and antibodies, from a large repertoire of peptide sequences. These peptides are known as “carbohydrate-mimetic peptides (CMPs)” because they mimic carbohydrate structures. Compared to carbohydrate derivatives, it is easy to prepare mono- and multivalent peptides and then to modify them to create various derivatives. Such mimetic peptides are available as peptide inhibitors of carbohydrate-protein interactions and peptide mimotopes that are conjugated with adjuvant for vaccination.
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18
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Koutsilieri E, Lutz MB, Scheller C. Autoimmunity, dendritic cells and relevance for Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2012; 120:75-81. [PMID: 22699458 PMCID: PMC3535404 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-012-0842-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune responses in neurodegenerative diseases have become recently a focus of research and discussions. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder without known etiopathogenesis. The past decade has generated evidence for an involvement of the immune system in PD pathogenesis. Both inflammatory and autoimmune mechanisms have been recognized and studies have emphasized the role of activated microglia and T-cell infiltration. In this short review, we focus on dendritic cells, on their role in initiation of autoimmune responses, we discuss aspects of neuroinflammation and autoimmunity in PD, and we report new evidence for the involvement of neuromelanin in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Koutsilieri
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Straße 7, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
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19
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Daniotti JL, Iglesias-Bartolomé R. Metabolic pathways and intracellular trafficking of gangliosides. IUBMB Life 2012; 63:513-20. [PMID: 21698755 DOI: 10.1002/iub.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides constitute a large and heterogeneous family of acidic glycosphingolipids that contain one or more sialic acid residues and are expressed in nearly all vertebrate cells. Their de novo synthesis starts at the endoplasmic reticulum and is continued by a combination of glycosyltransferase activities at the Golgi complex, followed by vesicular delivery to the plasma membrane. At the cell surface, gangliosides participate in a variety of physiological as well as pathological processes. The cloning of genes for most of the glycosyltransferases responsible for ganglioside biosynthesis has produced a better understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of the ganglioside metabolism. In addition, the ability to delete groups of glycosphingolipid structures in mice has been enormously important in determining their physiological roles. Recently, a number of enzymes for ganglioside anabolism and catabolism have been shown to be associated with the plasma membrane, which might contribute to modulate local glycolipid composition, and consequently, the cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Daniotti
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, UNC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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20
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Schwartz-Albiez R. Naturally occurring antibodies directed against carbohydrate tumor antigens. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 750:27-43. [PMID: 22903664 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3461-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Healthy persons carry within their pool of circulating antibodies immunoglobulins preferentially of IgM isotype, which are directed against a variety of tumor-associated antigens. In closer scrutiny of their nature, some of these antibodies could be defined as naturally occurring antibodies due to the germline configuration of the variable immunoglobulin region. The majority of these immunoglobulins recognize carbohydrate antigens which can be classified as oncofetal antigens. Many of these IgM antibodies present in the peripheral blood circulation can bind to tumor cells and of these a minor portion are also able to destroy tumor cells by several mechanisms, as for instance complement-mediated cytolysis or apoptosis. It was postulated that anti-carbohydrate antibodies are part of an anti-tumor immune response, while their presence in the peripheral blood of healthy donors is still waiting for a plausible explanation. It may be that recognition of defined epitopes, including carbohydrate sequences, by naturally occurring antibodies constitutes the humoral arm of an anti-tumor immune response as part of the often postulated tumor surveillance. The cytotoxic capacity of these antibodies inspired several research groups and pharmaceutical companies to design novel strategies of immunoglobulin-based anti-tumor immunotherapy.
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21
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Legastelois I, Chevalier M, Bernard MC, de Montfort A, Fouque M, Pilloud A, Serraille C, Devard N, Engel O, Sodoyer R, Moste C. Avian glycan-specific IgM monoclonal antibodies for the detection and quantitation of type A and B haemagglutinins in egg-derived influenza vaccines. J Virol Methods 2011; 178:129-36. [PMID: 21907241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two IgM monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), Y6F5 and Y13F9, were selected during a screening of clones obtained immunising BALB/c mice with purified envelop proteins of the A/Sydney/5/97 (H3N2) IVR108 influenza strain. These MAbs recognised avian glycans on the haemagglutinin (HA) of the virus. This broad recognition allowed these MAbs to be used as enzyme-labelled secondary antibody reagents in a strain specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in combination with a capture MAb that recognised and allowed the quantitation of the strain specific HA protein present in an egg-produced influenza vaccine. Advantage was taken of these MAbs to develop a universal ELISA in which the MAbs were used both as capture antibody and as enzyme-labelled secondary antibody to detect and quantify the HA protein of any egg-derived influenza vaccine. These avian-glycan specific IgM MAbs may prove to be particularly useful for determining the HA concentration in monovalent egg-derived pandemic influenza vaccines, in which the HA concentration may be lower than 5μg/ml. The HA detection limit in the ELISA assays developed in this study was 1.9μg/ml, as opposed to the 5μg/ml quantitation limit generally accepted for the standard single-radial-immunodiffusion (SRID) assay, the approved technique for quantifying HA content in influenza vaccines. These ELISAs can also be used to quantify influenza HA formulated with emulsion-based or mineral salt adjuvants that could interfere with HA measurement by the SRID assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Legastelois
- Department of Research, Sanofi Pasteur, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France.
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22
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Demyelinating symmetric motor polyneuropathy with high titers of anti-GM1 antibodies. Muscle Nerve 2010; 42:604-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.21755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Agostino M, Jene C, Boyle T, Ramsland PA, Yuriev E. Molecular docking of carbohydrate ligands to antibodies: structural validation against crystal structures. J Chem Inf Model 2010; 49:2749-60. [PMID: 19994843 DOI: 10.1021/ci900388a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface glycoproteins play vital roles in cellular homeostasis and disease. Antibody recognition of glycosylation on different cells and pathogens is critically important for immune surveillance. Conversely, adverse immune reactions resulting from antibody-carbohydrate interactions have been implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases and impact areas such as xenotransplantation and cancer treatment. Understanding the nature of antibody-carbohydrate interactions and the method by which saccharides fit into antibody binding sites is important in understanding the recognition process. In silico techniques offer attractive alternatives to experimental methods (X-ray crystallography and NMR) for the study of antibody-carbohydrate complexes. In particular, molecular docking provides information about protein-ligand interactions in systems that are difficult to study with experimental techniques. Before molecular docking can be used to investigate antibody-carbohydrate complexes, validation of an appropriate docking method is required. In this study, four popular docking programs, Glide, AutoDock, GOLD, and FlexX, were assessed for their ability to accurately dock carbohydrates to antibodies. Comparison of top ranking poses with crystal structures highlighted the strengths and weaknesses of these programs. Rigid docking, in which the protein conformation remains static, and flexible docking, where both the protein and ligand are treated as flexible, were compared. This study has revealed that generally molecular docking of carbohydrates to antibodies has been performed best by Glide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Agostino
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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24
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Iglesias-Bartolomé R, Trenchi A, Comín R, Moyano AL, Nores GA, Daniotti JL. Differential endocytic trafficking of neuropathy-associated antibodies to GM1 ganglioside and cholera toxin in epithelial and neural cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1788:2526-40. [PMID: 19800863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides are glycolipids mainly present at the plasma membrane (PM). Antibodies to gangliosides have been associated with a wide range of neuropathy syndromes. Particularly, antibodies to GM1 ganglioside are present in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). We investigated the binding and intracellular fate of antibody to GM1 obtained from rabbits with experimental GBS in comparison with the transport of cholera toxin (CTx), which binds with high affinity to GM1. We demonstrated that antibody to GM1 is rapidly and specifically endocytosed in CHO-K1 cells. After internalization, the antibody transited sorting endosomes to accumulate at the recycling endosome. Endocytosed antibody to GM1 is recycled back to the PM and released into the culture medium. In CHO-K1 cells, antibody to GM1 colocalized with co-endocytosed CTx at early and recycling endosomes, but not in Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum, where CTx was also located. Antibody to GM1, in contraposition to CTx, showed a reduced internalization to recycling endosomes in COS-7 cells and neural cell lines SH-SY5Y and Neuro2A. Results from photobleaching studies revealed differences in the lateral mobility of antibody to GM1 in the PM of analyzed cell lines, suggesting a relationship between the efficiency of endocytosis and lateral mobility of GM1 at the PM. Taken together, results indicate that two different ligands of GM1 ganglioside (antibody and CTx) are differentially endocytosed and trafficked, providing the basis to gain further insight into the mechanisms that operate in the intracellular trafficking of glycosphingolipid-binding toxins and pathological effects of neuropathy-associated antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Iglesias-Bartolomé
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, UNC-CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
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25
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Greenshields KN, Halstead SK, Zitman FM, Rinaldi S, Brennan KM, O’Leary C, Chamberlain LH, Easton A, Roxburgh J, Pediani J, Furukawa K, Furukawa K, Goodyear CS, Plomp JJ, Willison HJ. The neuropathic potential of anti-GM1 autoantibodies is regulated by the local glycolipid environment in mice. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:595-610. [PMID: 19221437 PMCID: PMC2648697 DOI: 10.1172/jci37338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-GM1 ganglioside autoantibodies are used as diagnostic markers for motor axonal peripheral neuropathies and are believed to be the primary mediators of such diseases. However, their ability to bind and exert pathogenic effects at neuronal membranes is highly inconsistent. Using human and mouse monoclonal anti-GM1 antibodies to probe the GM1-rich motor nerve terminal membrane in mice, we here show that the antigenic oligosaccharide of GM1 in the live plasma membrane is cryptic, hidden on surface domains that become buried for a proportion of anti-GM1 antibodies due to a masking effect of neighboring gangliosides. The cryptic GM1 binding domain was exposed by sialidase treatment that liberated sialic acid from masking gangliosides including GD1a or by disruption of the live membrane by freezing or fixation. This cryptic behavior was also recapitulated in solid-phase immunoassays. These data show that certain anti-GM1 antibodies exert potent complement activation-mediated neuropathogenic effects, including morphological damage at living terminal motor axons, leading to a block of synaptic transmission. This occurred only when GM1 was topologically available for antibody binding, but not when GM1 was cryptic. This revised understanding of the complexities in ganglioside membrane topology provides a mechanistic account for wide variations in the neuropathic potential of anti-GM1 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay N. Greenshields
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Susan K. Halstead
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Femke M.P. Zitman
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Simon Rinaldi
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kathryn M. Brennan
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Colin O’Leary
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Luke H. Chamberlain
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Alistair Easton
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jennifer Roxburgh
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - John Pediani
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koichi Furukawa
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Furukawa
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Carl S. Goodyear
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jaap J. Plomp
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hugh J. Willison
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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