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Gokyer D, Akinboro S, Zhou LT, Kleinhans A, Laronda MM, Duncan FE, Riley JK, Goldman KN, Babayev E. The oocyte microenvironment is altered in adolescents compared to oocyte donors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.04.588118. [PMID: 38617323 PMCID: PMC11014529 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.04.588118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Study question Are the molecular signatures of cumulus cells (CCs) and follicular fluid (FF) of adolescents undergoing fertility preservation differ from that of reproductively adult oocyte donors? Summary answer The microenvironment immediately surrounding the oocyte, including the CCs and FF, is altered in adolescents undergoing fertility preservation compared to oocyte donors. What is known already Adolescents experience a period of subfecundity following menarche. Recent evidence suggests that this may be at least partially due to increased oocyte aneuploidy. Reproductive juvenescence in mammals is associated with suboptimal oocyte quality. Study design size duration This was a prospective cohort study. Adolescents (10-19 years old, N=23) and oocyte donors (22-30 years old, N=31) undergoing ovarian stimulation and oocyte retrieval at the Northwestern Fertility and Reproductive Medicine Center between November 1, 2020 and May 1, 2023 were enrolled in this study. Participants/materials setting methods Patient demographics, ovarian stimulation, and oocyte retrieval outcomes were collected for all participants. The transcriptome of CCs associated with mature oocytes was compared between adolescents (10-19 years old, n=19), and oocyte donors (22-30 years old, n=19) using bulk RNA-sequencing. FF cytokine profiles (10-19 years old, n=18 vs. 25-30 years old, n=16) were compared using cytokine arrays. Main results and the role of chance RNA-seq analysis revealed 581 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in cumulus cells of adolescents relative to oocyte donors, with 361 genes downregulated and 220 upregulated. Genes enriched in pathways involved in cell cycle and cell division (e.g., GO:1903047, p= 3.5 × 10-43; GO:0051983, p= 4.1 × 10-30; GO:0000281, p= 7.7 × 10-15; GO:0044839, p= 5.3 × 10-13) were significantly downregulated, while genes enriched in several pathways involved in cellular and vesicle organization (e.g., GO:0010256, p= 1.2 × 10-8; GO:0051129, p= 6.8 × 10-7; GO:0016050, p= 7.4 × 10-7; GO:0051640, p= 8.1 × 10-7) were upregulated in CCs of adolescents compared to oocyte donors. The levels of 9 cytokines were significantly increased in FF of adolescents compared to oocyte donors: IL-1 alpha (2-fold), IL-1 beta (1.7-fold), I-309 (2-fold), IL-15 (1.6-fold), TARC (1.9-fold), TPO (2.1-fold), IGFBP-4 (2-fold), IL-12-p40 (1.7-fold) and ENA-78 (1.4-fold). Interestingly, 7 of these cytokines have known pro-inflammatory roles. Importantly, neither the CC transcriptomes or FF cytokine profiles were different in adolescents with or without cancer. Large scale data Original high-throughput sequencing data will be deposited in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) before publication, and the GEO accession number will be provided here. Limitations reasons for caution This study aims to gain insights into the associated gamete quality by studying the immediate oocyte microenvironment. The direct study of oocytes is more challenging due to sample scarcity, as they are cryopreserved for future use, but will provide a more accurate assessment of oocyte reproductive potential. Wider implications of the findings Understanding the underpinnings of altered immediate oocyte microenvironment of adolescent patients may provide insights into the reproductive potential of the associated gametes in the younger end of the age spectrum. This has implications for the fertility preservation cycles for very young patients. Study funding/competing interests This project was supported by Friends of Prentice organization SP0061324 (M.M.L and E.B.), Gesualdo Family Foundation (Research Scholar: M.M.L.), and NIH/NICHD K12 HD050121 (E.B.). The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Gokyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Sophia Akinboro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611
- Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208
| | - Luhan T. Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Anna Kleinhans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern Medicine Center for Fertility and Reproductive Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Monica M. Laronda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Francesca E. Duncan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Joan K. Riley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern Medicine Center for Fertility and Reproductive Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Kara N. Goldman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern Medicine Center for Fertility and Reproductive Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Elnur Babayev
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern Medicine Center for Fertility and Reproductive Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611
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Ogrodnik M, Gladyshev VN. The meaning of adaptation in aging: insights from cellular senescence, epigenetic clocks and stem cell alterations. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:766-775. [PMID: 37386259 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00447-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
With recent rapid progress in research on aging, there is increasing evidence that many features commonly considered to be mechanisms or drivers of aging in fact represent adaptations. Here, we examine several such features, including cellular senescence, epigenetic aging and stem cell alterations. We draw a distinction between the causes and consequences of aging and define short-term consequences as 'responses' and long-term ones as 'adaptations'. We also discuss 'damaging adaptations', which despite having beneficial effects in the short term, lead to exacerbation of the initial insult and acceleration of aging. Features commonly recognized as 'basic mechanisms of the aging process' are critically examined for the possibility of their adaptation-driven emergence from processes such as cell competition and the wound-like features of the aging body. Finally, we speculate on the meaning of these interactions for the aging process and their relevance for the development of antiaging interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Ogrodnik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Austrian Workers' Compensation Board Research Center, Vienna, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Pan D, Du Y, Li R, Shen A, Liu X, Li C, Hu B. miR-29b-3p Increases Radiosensitivity in Stemness Cancer Cells via Modulating Oncogenes Axis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:741074. [PMID: 34604239 PMCID: PMC8481616 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.741074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance conferred by cancer stem cells (CSCs) is the principal cause of the failure of cancer radiotherapy. Eradication of CSCs is a prime therapeutic target and a requirement for effective radiotherapy. Three dimensional (3D) cell-cultured model could mimic the morphology of cells in vivo and induce CSC properties. Emerging evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in the regulation of radiosensitivity in cancers. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of miRNAs on the radiosensitivity of 3D cultured stem-like cells. Using miRNA microarray analysis in 2D and 3D cell culture models, we found that the expression of miR-29b-3p was downregulated in 3D cultured A549 and MCF7 cells compared with monolayer (2D) cells. Clinic data analysis from The Cancer Genome Atlas database exhibited that miR-29b-3p high expression showed significant advantages in lung adenocarcinoma and breast invasive carcinoma patients’ prognosis. The subsequent experiments proved that miR-29b-3p overexpression decreased the radioresistance of cells in 3D culture and tumors in vivo through interfering kinetics process of DNA damage repair and inhibiting oncogenes RBL1, PIK3R1, AKT2, and Bcl-2. In addition, miR-29b-3p knockdown enhanced cancer cells invasion and migration capability. MiR-29b-3p overexpression decreased the stemness of 3D cultured cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that miR-29b-3p could be a sensitizer of radiation killing in CSC-like cells via inhibiting oncogenes expression. MiR-29b-3p could be a novel therapeutic candidate target for radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Pan
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China.,Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yarong Du
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Aihua Shen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chuanyuan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Burong Hu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China
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4
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Egozi A, Bahar Halpern K, Farack L, Rotem H, Itzkovitz S. Zonation of Pancreatic Acinar Cells in Diabetic Mice. Cell Rep 2020; 32:108043. [PMID: 32814046 PMCID: PMC7443616 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The islets of Langerhans are dynamic structures that can change in size, number of cells, and molecular function in response to physiological and pathological stress. Molecular cues originating from the surrounding "peri-islet" acinar cells that could facilitate this plasticity have not been explored. Here, we combine single-molecule transcript imaging in the intact pancreas and transcriptomics to identify spatial heterogeneity of acinar cell gene expression. We find that peri-islet acinar cells exhibit a distinct molecular signature in db/db diabetic mice that includes upregulation of trypsin family genes and elevated mTOR activity. This zonated expression program seems to be induced by CCK that is secreted from islet cells. Elevated peri-islet trypsin secretion could facilitate the islet expansion observed in this model via modulation of the islet capsule matrix components. Our study highlights a molecular axis of communication between the pancreatic exocrine and endocrine compartments that may be relevant to islet expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Egozi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Keren Bahar Halpern
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Lydia Farack
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Hagar Rotem
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shalev Itzkovitz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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5
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Yoshida GJ. Applications of patient-derived tumor xenograft models and tumor organoids. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:4. [PMID: 31910904 PMCID: PMC6947974 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDXs), in which tumor fragments surgically dissected from cancer patients are directly transplanted into immunodeficient mice, have emerged as a useful model for translational research aimed at facilitating precision medicine. PDX susceptibility to anti-cancer drugs is closely correlated with clinical data in patients, from whom PDX models have been derived. Accumulating evidence suggests that PDX models are highly effective in predicting the efficacy of both conventional and novel anti-cancer therapeutics. This also allows “co-clinical trials,” in which pre-clinical investigations in vivo and clinical trials could be performed in parallel or sequentially to assess drug efficacy in patients and PDXs. However, tumor heterogeneity present in PDX models and in the original tumor samples constitutes an obstacle for application of PDX models. Moreover, human stromal cells originally present in tumors dissected from patients are gradually replaced by host stromal cells as the xenograft grows. This replacement by murine stroma could preclude analysis of human tumor-stroma interactions, as some mouse stromal cytokines might not affect human carcinoma cells in PDX models. The present review highlights the biological and clinical significance of PDX models and three-dimensional patient-derived tumor organoid cultures of several kinds of solid tumors, such as those of the colon, pancreas, brain, breast, lung, skin, and ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go J Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8412, Japan. .,Department of Immunological Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8412, Japan.
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6
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Koaykul C, Kim MH, Kawahara Y, Yuge L, Kino-Oka M. Maintenance of Neurogenic Differentiation Potential in Passaged Bone Marrow-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Under Simulated Microgravity Conditions. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1552-1561. [PMID: 31588849 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are considered to be able to adapt to environmental changes induced by gravity during cell expansion. In this study, we investigated neurogenic differentiation potential of passaged hMSCs under conventional gravity and simulated microgravity conditions. Immunostaining, quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blot analysis of neurogenic differentiation markers, neurofilament heavy (NF-H), and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) revealed that differentiated cells from the cells cultured under simulated microgravity conditions expressed higher neurogenic levels than those from conventional gravity conditions. The levels of NF-H and MAP2 in the cells from simulated microgravity conditions were consistent during passage culture, whereas cells from conventional gravity conditions exhibited a reduction of the neurogenic levels against an increase of their passage number. In growth culture, cells under simulated microgravity conditions showed less apical stress fibers over their nucleus with fewer cells having a polarization of lamin A/C than those under conventional gravity conditions. The ratio of lamin A/C to lamin B expression in the cells under simulated microgravity conditions was constant; however, cells cultured under conventional gravity conditions showed an increase in the lamin ratio during passages. Furthermore, analysis of activating H3K4me3 and repressive H3K27me3 modifications at promoters of neuronal lineage genes indicated that cells passaged under simulated microgravity conditions sustained the methylation during serial cultivation. Nevertheless, the enrichment of H3K27me3 significantly increased in the passaged cells cultured under conventional gravity conditions. These results demonstrated that simulated microgravity-coordinated cytoskeleton-lamin reorganization leads to suppression of histone modification associated with neurogenic differentiation capacity of passaged hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiyong Koaykul
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mee-Hae Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Louis Yuge
- Space Bio-Laboratories Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan.,Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kino-Oka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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7
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Safi-Stibler S, Gabory A. Epigenetics and the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease: Parental environment signalling to the epigenome, critical time windows and sculpting the adult phenotype. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 97:172-180. [PMID: 31587964 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The literature about Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) studies is considerably growing. Maternal and paternal environment, during all the development of the individual from gametogenesis to weaning and beyond, as well as the psychosocial environment in childhood and teenage, can shape the adult and the elderly person's susceptibility to her/his own environment and diseases. This non-conventional, non-genetic, inheritance is underlain by several mechanisms among which epigenetics is obviously central, due to the notion of memory of early decisional events during development even when this stimulus is gone, that is implied in Waddington's developmental concept. This review first summarizes the different mechanisms by which the environment can model the epigenome: receptor signalling, energy metabolism and signal mechanotransduction from extracellular matrix to chromatin. Then an overview of the epigenetic changes in response to maternal environment during the vulnerability time windows, gametogenesis, early development, placentation and foetal growth, and postnatal period, is described, with the specific example of overnutrition and food deprivation. The implication of epigenetics in DOHaD is obvious, however the precise causal chain from early environment to the epigenome modifications to the phenotype still needs to be deciphered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiane Safi-Stibler
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Anne Gabory
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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8
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Wang S, Lü D, Zhang Z, Jia X, Yang L. Effects of mechanical stretching on the morphology of extracellular polymers and the mRNA expression of collagens and small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans in vaginal fibroblasts from women with pelvic organ prolapse. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193456. [PMID: 29630675 PMCID: PMC5890965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the effect of mechanical stretching load and the efficacy of postmenopausal estrogen therapy (ET) on pelvic organ prolapse (POP), vaginal fibroblasts isolated from postmenopausal women with or without POP were subjected to 0.1-Hz uniaxial cyclic mechanical stretching (CS) with 10% elongation and 10-8 M 17-β-estradiol (E2) treatment. We investigated the morphological characteristics of extracellular polymers using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and monitored the mRNA expression of type I collagen (COL I) and type III collagen (COL III) as well as the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family members decorin (DCN), biglycan (BGN), fibromodulin (FMO), and lumican (LUM), using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Using SEM, certain viscoelastic polymers were found to be randomly distributed among fibroblasts, which for normal fibroblasts formed clusters of plum flower-like patterns under static-culture conditions and resembled stretched strips when stretched in culture, whereas polymers among POP fibroblasts resembled stretched strips under static-cultured conditions and presented broken networks when stretched in culture. RT-PCR revealed that COL I, DCN, BGN, FMO, and LUM mRNA expression was significantly higher in POP than in normal fibroblasts under static-culture condition. Following CS, COL I and BGN mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in normal fibroblasts, and DCN and FMO mRNA expression was down-regulated in POP fibroblasts. Following concomitant CS and E2 treatment, significantly elevated COL I and DCN mRNA expression was observed in normal fibroblasts, and significantly elevated COL I and BGN mRNA expression was observed in POP fibroblasts. COL III mRNA expression was not significantly different between the POP and normal group, and CS did not significantly affect expression in either group, though COL III was down-regulated in normal fibroblasts concomitantly treated with E2 and CS. We conclude that the morphological distribution of extracellular polymers in POP fibroblasts exhibited higher sensitivity and lower tolerance to stretching loads than do normal fibroblasts. These mechanical properties were further reflected in the transcription of COL I. Defects in the compensatory function of BGN for DCN and LUM for FMO exist in POP fibroblasts, which further affect the structure and function of COL I in response to stretching load, ultimately resulting in abnormal reconstruction of pelvic supportive connective tissues and the occurrence of POP. ET can maintain stretching-induced elevations in COL I and DCN transcription in healthy women and improve stretching-induced COL I, DCN, BGN, and FMO transcriptional changes in POP women to prevent and improve POP. Only down-regulated COL III transcription was observed upon concomitant CS and E2 treatment in normal fibroblasts, which suggests that the tensile strength, not the elasticity, of the supportive connective tissues is damaged in POP and that the higher tensile strength induced by ET in healthy fibroblasts prevents POP. These findings confirm the role of higher sensitivity and lower tolerance to mechanical stretching in the pathogenesis of POP and further provide evidence supporting the use of ET to prevent and inhibit POP in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (SW); (XJ)
| | - Dongyuan Lü
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (SW); (XJ)
| | - Xingyuan Jia
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (SW); (XJ)
| | - Lei Yang
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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9
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Chittiboyina S, Bai Y, Lelièvre SA. Microenvironment-Cell Nucleus Relationship in the Context of Oxidative Stress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:23. [PMID: 29594114 PMCID: PMC5854663 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment is a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that influence cell phenotype and tissue homeostasis. The impact of ROS on redox pathways as well as directly on epigenetic mechanisms and the DNA illustrate communication with the cell nucleus. Changes in gene transcription related to redox conditions also influence the content and structure of the extracellular matrix. However, the importance of microenvironmental ROS for normal progression through life and disease development still needs to be thoroughly understood. We illustrate how different ROS concentration levels trigger various intracellular pathways linked to nuclear functions and determine processes necessary for the differentiation of stem cells. The abnormal predominance of ROS that leads to oxidative stress is emphasized in light of its impact on aging and diseases related to aging. These phenomena are discussed in the context of the possible contribution of extracellular ROS via direct diffusion into cells responsible for organ function, but also via an impact on stromal cells that triggers extracellular modifications and influences mechanotransduction. Finally, we argue that organs-on-a-chip with controlled microenvironmental conditions can help thoroughly grasp whether ROS production is readily a cause or a consequence of certain disorders, and better understand the concentration levels of extracellular ROS that are necessary to induce a switch in phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirisha Chittiboyina
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- 3D Cell Culture Core, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University Discovery Park, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Yunfeng Bai
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sophie A. Lelièvre
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- 3D Cell Culture Core, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University Discovery Park, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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10
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Methylation of promoter of RBL1 enhances the radioresistance of three dimensional cultured carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:4422-4435. [PMID: 27779109 PMCID: PMC5354843 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Three dimensional (3D) culture in vitro is a new cell culture model that more closely mimics the physiology features of the in vivo environment and is being used widely in the field of medical and biological research. It has been demonstrated that cancer cells cultured in 3D matrices are more radioresistant compared with cells in monolayer (2D). However, the mechanisms causing this difference remain largely unclear. Here we found that the cell cycle distribution and expression of cell cycle regulation genes in 3D A549 cells are different from the 2D. The higher levels of the promotor methylation of cell cycle regulation genes such as RBL1 were observed in 3D A549 cells compared with cells in 2D. The treatments of irradiation or 5-Aza-CdR activated the demethylation of RBL1 promotor and resulted in the increased expression of RBL1 only in 3D A549 cells. Inhibition of RBL1 enhanced the radioresistance and decreased the G2/M phase arrest induced by irradiation in 2D A549 and MCF7 cells. Overexpression of RBL1 sensitized 3D cultured A549 and MCF7 cells to irradiation. Taken together, to our knowledge, it is the first time to revealthat the low expression of RBL1 due to itself promotor methylation in 3D cells enhances the radioresistance. Our finding sheds a new light on understanding the features of the 3D cultured cell model and its application in basic research into cancer radiotherapy and medcine development.
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11
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CHEN YX, XIE GC, PAN D, DU YR, PANG LL, SONG JD, DUAN ZJ, HU BR. Three-dimensional Culture of Human Airway Epithelium in Matrigel for Evaluation of Human Rhinovirus C and Bocavirus Infections. BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES : BES 2018; 31:136-145. [PMID: 29606192 PMCID: PMC7134816 DOI: 10.3967/bes2018.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Newly identified human rhinovirus C (HRV-C) and human bocavirus (HBoV) cannot propagate in vitro in traditional cell culture models; thus obtaining knowledge about these viruses and developing related vaccines are difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a novel platform for the propagation of these types of viruses. METHODS A platform for culturing human airway epithelia in a three-dimensional (3D) pattern using Matrigel as scaffold was developed. The features of 3D culture were identified by immunochemical staining and transmission electron microscopy. Nucleic acid levels of HRV-C and HBoV in 3D cells at designated time points were quantitated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Levels of cytokines, whose secretion was induced by the viruses, were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Properties of bronchial-like tissues, such as the expression of biomarkers CK5, ZO-1, and PCK, and the development of cilium-like protuberances indicative of the human respiration tract, were observed in 3D-cultured human airway epithelial (HAE) cultures, but not in monolayer-cultured cells. Nucleic acid levels of HRV-C and HBoV and levels of virus-induced cytokines were also measured using the 3D culture system. CONCLUSION Our data provide a preliminary indication that the 3D culture model of primary epithelia using a Matrigel scaffold in vitro can be used to propagate HRV-C and HBoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Xiong CHEN
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Guang Cheng XIE
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Dong PAN
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Ya Rong DU
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Li Li PANG
- Department for Viral Diarrhea, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jing Dong SONG
- Department for Viral Diarrhea, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhao Jun DUAN
- Department for Viral Diarrhea, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Bu Rong HU
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to HU Bu Rong
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12
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Tschumperlin DJ, Ligresti G, Hilscher MB, Shah VH. Mechanosensing and fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:74-84. [PMID: 29293092 DOI: 10.1172/jci93561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue injury disrupts the mechanical homeostasis that underlies normal tissue architecture and function. The failure to resolve injury and restore homeostasis gives rise to progressive fibrosis that is accompanied by persistent alterations in the mechanical environment as a consequence of pathological matrix deposition and stiffening. This Review focuses on our rapidly growing understanding of the molecular mechanisms linking the altered mechanical environment in injury, repair, and fibrosis to cellular activation. In particular, our focus is on the mechanisms by which cells transduce mechanical signals, leading to transcriptional and epigenetic responses that underlie both transient and persistent alterations in cell state that contribute to fibrosis. Translation of these mechanobiological insights may enable new approaches to promote tissue repair and arrest or reverse fibrotic tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Moira B Hilscher
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vijay H Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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13
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Lelièvre SA, Kwok T, Chittiboyina S. Architecture in 3D cell culture: An essential feature for in vitro toxicology. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 45:287-295. [PMID: 28366709 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culture has the potential to revolutionize toxicology studies by allowing human-based reproduction of essential elements of organs. Beyond the study of toxicants on the most susceptible organs such as liver, kidney, skin, lung, gastrointestinal tract, testis, heart and brain, carcinogenesis research will also greatly benefit from 3D cell culture models representing any normal tissue. No tissue function can be suitably reproduced without the appropriate tissue architecture whether mimicking acini, ducts or tubes, sheets of cells or more complex cellular organizations like hepatic cords. In this review, we illustrate the fundamental characteristics of polarity that is an essential architectural feature of organs for which different 3D cell culture models are available for toxicology studies in vitro. The value of tissue polarity for the development of more accurate carcinogenesis studies is also exemplified, and the concept of using extracellular gradients of gaseous or chemical substances produced with microfluidics in 3D cell culture is discussed. Indeed such gradients-on-a-chip might bring unprecedented information to better determine permissible exposure levels. Finally, the impact of tissue architecture, established via cell-matrix interactions, on the cell nucleus is emphasized in light of the importance in toxicology of morphological and epigenetic alterations of this organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Lelièvre
- Purdue University, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; 3D Cell Culture Core (3D3C) Facility, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University Discovery Park, 1205 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Tim Kwok
- 3D Cell Culture Core (3D3C) Facility, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University Discovery Park, 1205 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shirisha Chittiboyina
- Purdue University, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; 3D Cell Culture Core (3D3C) Facility, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University Discovery Park, 1205 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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14
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Rose M, Kloten V, Noetzel E, Gola L, Ehling J, Heide T, Meurer SK, Gaiko-Shcherbak A, Sechi AS, Huth S, Weiskirchen R, Klaas O, Antonopoulos W, Lin Q, Wagner W, Veeck J, Gremse F, Steitz J, Knüchel R, Dahl E. ITIH5 mediates epigenetic reprogramming of breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:44. [PMID: 28231808 PMCID: PMC5322623 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular matrix (ECM) is known to maintain epithelial integrity. In carcinogenesis ECM degradation triggers metastasis by controlling migration and differentiation including cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics. The ECM-modulator inter- α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain family member five (ITIH5) was recently identified as tumor suppressor potentially involved in impairing breast cancer progression but molecular mechanisms underlying its function are still elusive. Methods ITIH5 expression was analyzed using the public TCGA portal. ITIH5-overexpressing single-cell clones were established based on T47D and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Colony formation, growth, apoptosis, migration, matrix adhesion, traction force analyses and polarization of tumor cells were studied in vitro. Tumor-initiating characteristics were analyzed by generating a metastasis mouse model. To identify ITIH5-affected pathways we utilized genome wide gene expression and DNA methylation profiles. RNA-interference targeting the ITIH5-downstream regulated gene DAPK1 was used to confirm functional involvement. Results ITIH5 loss was pronounced in breast cancer subtypes with unfavorable prognosis like basal-type tumors. Functionally, cell and colony formation was impaired after ITIH5 re-expression in both cell lines. In a metastasis mouse model, ITIH5 expressing MDA-MB-231 cells almost completely failed to initiate lung metastases. In these metastatic cells ITIH5 modulated cell-matrix adhesion dynamics and altered biomechanical cues. The profile of integrin receptors was shifted towards β1-integrin accompanied by decreased Rac1 and increased RhoA activity in ITIH5-expressing clones while cell polarization and single-cell migration was impaired. Instead ITIH5 expression triggered the formation of epithelial-like cell clusters that underwent an epigenetic reprogramming. 214 promoter regions potentially marked with either H3K4 and /or H3K27 methylation showed a hyper- or hypomethylated DNA configuration due to ITIH5 expression finally leading to re-expression of the tumor suppressor DAPK1. In turn, RNAi-mediated knockdown of DAPK1 in ITIH5-expressing MDA-MB-231 single-cell clones clearly restored cell motility. Conclusions Our results provide evidence that ITIH5 triggers a reprogramming of breast cancer cells with known stem CSC properties towards an epithelial-like phenotype through global epigenetic changes effecting known tumor suppressor genes like DAPK1. Therewith, ITIH5 may represent an ECM modulator in epithelial breast tissue mediating suppression of tumor initiating cancer cell characteristics which are thought being responsible for the metastasis of breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-017-0610-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rose
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vera Kloten
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Erik Noetzel
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-7: Biomechanics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lukas Gola
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Josef Ehling
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Timon Heide
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen K Meurer
- Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aljona Gaiko-Shcherbak
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-7: Biomechanics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Antonio S Sechi
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering-Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Huth
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver Klaas
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Antonopoulos
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Qiong Lin
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering-Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering-Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering-Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering-Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Veeck
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Felix Gremse
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Steitz
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruth Knüchel
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Edgar Dahl
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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15
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Vega SL, Liu E, Arvind V, Bushman J, Sung HJ, Becker ML, Lelièvre S, Kohn J, Vidi PA, Moghe PV. High-content image informatics of the structural nuclear protein NuMA parses trajectories for stem/progenitor cell lineages and oncogenic transformation. Exp Cell Res 2016; 351:11-23. [PMID: 28034673 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stem and progenitor cells that exhibit significant regenerative potential and critical roles in cancer initiation and progression remain difficult to characterize. Cell fates are determined by reciprocal signaling between the cell microenvironment and the nucleus; hence parameters derived from nuclear remodeling are ideal candidates for stem/progenitor cell characterization. Here we applied high-content, single cell analysis of nuclear shape and organization to examine stem and progenitor cells destined to distinct differentiation endpoints, yet undistinguishable by conventional methods. Nuclear descriptors defined through image informatics classified mesenchymal stem cells poised to either adipogenic or osteogenic differentiation, and oligodendrocyte precursors isolated from different regions of the brain and destined to distinct astrocyte subtypes. Nuclear descriptors also revealed early changes in stem cells after chemical oncogenesis, allowing the identification of a class of cancer-mitigating biomaterials. To capture the metrology of nuclear changes, we developed a simple and quantitative "imaging-derived" parsing index, which reflects the dynamic evolution of the high-dimensional space of nuclear organizational features. A comparative analysis of parsing outcomes via either nuclear shape or textural metrics of the nuclear structural protein NuMA indicates the nuclear shape alone is a weak phenotypic predictor. In contrast, variations in the NuMA organization parsed emergent cell phenotypes and discerned emergent stages of stem cell transformation, supporting a prognosticating role for this protein in the outcomes of nuclear functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián L Vega
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Er Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Varun Arvind
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Jared Bushman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Piscataway, NJ, United States; School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Piscataway, NJ, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Matthew L Becker
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States
| | - Sophie Lelièvre
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Joachim Kohn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Vidi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.
| | - Prabhas V Moghe
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
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16
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Kaukonen R, Mai A, Georgiadou M, Saari M, De Franceschi N, Betz T, Sihto H, Ventelä S, Elo L, Jokitalo E, Westermarck J, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Joensuu H, Grenman R, Ivaska J. Normal stroma suppresses cancer cell proliferation via mechanosensitive regulation of JMJD1a-mediated transcription. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12237. [PMID: 27488962 PMCID: PMC4976218 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis is dependent on the controlled localization of specific cell types and the correct composition of the extracellular stroma. While the role of the cancer stroma in tumour progression has been well characterized, the specific contribution of the matrix itself is unknown. Furthermore, the mechanisms enabling normal-not cancer-stroma to provide tumour-suppressive signals and act as an antitumorigenic barrier are poorly understood. Here we show that extracellular matrix (ECM) generated by normal fibroblasts (NFs) is softer than the CAF matrix, and its physical and structural features regulate cancer cell proliferation. We find that normal ECM triggers downregulation and nuclear exit of the histone demethylase JMJD1a resulting in the epigenetic growth restriction of carcinoma cells. Interestingly, JMJD1a positively regulates transcription of many target genes, including YAP/TAZ (WWTR1), and therefore gene expression in a stiffness-dependent manner. Thus, normal stromal restricts cancer cell proliferation through JMJD1a-dependent modulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riina Kaukonen
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Anja Mai
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Georgiadou
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Markku Saari
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Timo Betz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Harri Sihto
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sami Ventelä
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University and Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Elo
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, Electron Microscopy Unit University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Heikki Joensuu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reidar Grenman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University and Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
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17
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Ma NKL, Lim JK, Leong MF, Sandanaraj E, Ang BT, Tang C, Wan ACA. Collaboration of 3D context and extracellular matrix in the development of glioma stemness in a 3D model. Biomaterials 2015; 78:62-73. [PMID: 26684838 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A hierarchy of cellular stemness exists in certain cancers, and any successful strategy to treat such cancers would have to eliminate the self-renewing tumor-initiating cells at the apex of the hierarchy. The cellular microenvironment, in particular the extracellular matrix (ECM), is believed to have a role in regulating stemness. In this work, U251 glioblastoma cells are cultured on electrospun polystyrene (ESPS) scaffolds coated with an array of 7 laminin isoforms to provide a 3D model for stem cell-related genes and proteins expression studies. We observed collaboration between 3D context and laminins in promoting glioma stemness. Depending on the laminin isoform presented, U251 cells cultured on ESPS scaffolds (3D) exhibited increased expression of stemness markers compared to those cultured on tissue culture polystyrene (2D). Our results indicate the influence of 3D (versus 2D) context on integrin expression, specifically, the upregulation of the laminin-binding integrins alpha 6 and beta 4. By a colony forming assay, we showed enhanced clonogenicity of cells grown on ESPS scaffolds in collaboration with laminins 411, 421, 511 and 521. Evaluation of patient glioma databases demonstrated significant enrichment of integrin and ECM pathway networks in tumors of worse prognosis, consistent with our observations. The present results demonstrate how 3D versus 2D context profoundly affects ECM signaling, leading to stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina K L Ma
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Jia Kai Lim
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Meng Fatt Leong
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore; School of Applied Science, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore 529757, Singapore
| | - Edwin Sandanaraj
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Beng Ti Ang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Carol Tang
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Andrew C A Wan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore.
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18
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Xue G, Ren Z, Grabham PW, Chen Y, Zhu J, Du Y, Pan D, Li X, Hu B. Reprogramming mediated radio-resistance of 3D-grown cancer cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2015; 56:656-62. [PMID: 25883172 PMCID: PMC4497391 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In vitro 3D growth of tumors is a new cell culture model that more closely mimics the features of the in vivo environment and is being used increasingly in the field of biological and medical research. It has been demonstrated that cancer cells cultured in 3D matrices are more radio-resistant compared with cells in monolayers. However, the mechanisms causing this difference remain unclear. Here we show that cancer cells cultured in a 3D microenvironment demonstrated an increase in cells with stem cell properties. This was confirmed by the finding that cells in 3D cultures upregulated the gene and protein expression of the stem cell reprogramming factors such as OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, LIN28 and miR-302a, compared with cells in monolayers. Moreover, the expression of β-catenin, a regulating molecule of reprogramming factors, also increased in 3D-grown cancer cells. These findings suggest that cancer cells were reprogrammed to become stem cell-like cancer cells in a 3D growth culture microenvironment. Since cancer stem cell-like cells demonstrate an increased radio-resistance and chemo-resistance, our results offer a new perspective as to why. Our findings shed new light on understanding the features of the 3D growth cell model and its application in basic research into clinical radiotherapy and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xue
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Building 5-204, Lanzhou 730000, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenxin Ren
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Building 5-204, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peter W Grabham
- Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, 10032
| | - Yaxiong Chen
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Building 5-204, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiayun Zhu
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Building 5-204, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yarong Du
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Building 5-204, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dong Pan
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Building 5-204, Lanzhou 730000, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Building 5-204, Lanzhou 730000, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Burong Hu
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Building 5-204, Lanzhou 730000, China
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19
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Effects of mechanical stretching on the morphology and cytoskeleton of vaginal fibroblasts from women with pelvic organ prolapse. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:9406-19. [PMID: 25923074 PMCID: PMC4463595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16059406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical load and postmenopausal hypoestrogen are risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse (POP). In this study, we applied a 0.1-Hz uniaxial cyclic mechanical stretching (CS) with 10% elongation and 10−8 M 17-β-estradiol to vaginal fibroblasts isolated from postmenopausal women with or without POP to investigate the effects of CS and estrogen on cell morphology and cytoskeletons of normal and POP fibroblasts. Under static culture condition, POP fibroblasts exhibited lower cell circularity and higher relative fluorescence intensities (RFIs) of F-actin, α-tubulin and vimentin. When cultured with CS, all fibroblasts grew perpendicular to the force and exhibited a decreased cell projection area, cell circularity and increased cell length/width ratio; normal fibroblasts exhibited increased RFIs of all three types of cytoskeleton, and POP fibroblasts exhibited a decreased RFI of F-actin and no significant differences of α-tubulin and vimentin. After being cultured with 17-β-estradiol and CS, normal fibroblasts no longer exhibited significant changes in the cell projection area and the RFIs of F-actin and α-tubulin; POP fibroblasts exhibited no significant changes in cell circularity, length/width ratio and F-actin even with the increased RFIs of α-tubulin and vimentin. These findings suggest that POP fibroblasts have greater sensitivity to and lower tolerance for mechanical stretching, and estrogen can improve the prognosis.
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20
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The interaction between epigenetics, nutrition and the development of cancer. Nutrients 2015; 7:922-47. [PMID: 25647662 PMCID: PMC4344568 DOI: 10.3390/nu7020922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike the genome, the epigenome can be modified and hence some epigenetic risk markers have the potential to be reversed. Such modifications take place by means of drugs, diet or environmental exposures. It is widely accepted that epigenetic modifications take place during early embryonic and primordial cell development, but it is also important that we gain an understanding of the potential for such changes later in life. These “later life” epigenetic modifications in response to dietary intervention are the focus of this paper. The epigenetic modifications investigated include DNA methylation, histone modifications and the influence of microRNAs. The epigenotype could be used not only to predict susceptibility to certain cancers but also to assess the effectiveness of dietary modifications to reduce such risk. The influence of diet or dietary components on epigenetic modifications and the impact on cancer initiation or progression has been assessed herein.
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21
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Choi SYC, Lin D, Gout PW, Collins CC, Xu Y, Wang Y. Lessons from patient-derived xenografts for better in vitro modeling of human cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 79-80:222-37. [PMID: 25305336 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel cancer therapeutics is often plagued by discrepancies between drug efficacies obtained in preclinical studies and outcomes of clinical trials. The inconsistencies can be attributed to a lack of clinical relevance of the cancer models used for drug testing. While commonly used in vitro culture systems are advantageous for addressing specific experimental questions, they are often gross, fidelity-lacking simplifications that largely ignore the heterogeneity of cancers as well as the complexity of the tumor microenvironment. Factors such as tumor architecture, interactions among cancer cells and between cancer and stromal cells, and an acidic tumor microenvironment are critical characteristics observed in patient-derived cancer xenograft models and in the clinic. By mimicking these crucial in vivo characteristics through use of 3D cultures, co-culture systems and acidic culture conditions, an in vitro cancer model/microenvironment that is more physiologically relevant may be engineered to produce results more readily applicable to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Yiu Chuen Choi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Dong Lin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Peter W Gout
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Colin C Collins
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China.
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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22
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Pereira IT, Ramos EAS, Costa ET, Camargo AA, Manica GCM, Klassen LMB, Chequin A, Braun-Prado K, de O. Pedrosa F, Souza EM, Costa FF, Klassen G. Fibronectin affects transient MMP2 gene expression through DNA demethylation changes in non-invasive breast cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105806. [PMID: 25208219 PMCID: PMC4160184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis accounts for more than 90% of cancer deaths. Cells from primary solid tumors may invade adjacent tissues and migrate to distant sites where they establish new colonies. The tumor microenvironment is now recognized as an important participant in the signaling that induces cancer cell migration. An essential process for metastasis is extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation by metalloproteases (MMPs), which allows tumor cells to invade local tissues and to reach blood vessels. The members of this protein family include gelatinase A, or MMP-2, which is responsible for the degradation of type IV collagen, the most abundant component of the basal membrane, that separates epithelial cells in the stroma. It is known that fibronectin is capable of promoting the expression of MMP-2 in MCF7 breast cancer cells in culture. In addition, it was already shown that the MMP2 gene expression is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. In this work, we showed that fibronectin was able to induce MMP2 expression by 30% decrease in its promoter methylation. In addition, a histone marker for an open chromatin conformation was significantly increased. These results indicate a new role for fibronectin in the communication between cancer cells and the ECM, promoting epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela T. Pereira
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Edneia A. S. Ramos
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Erico T. Costa
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (LICR) at Molecular Oncology Center, Sirio-Libanes Hospital, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anamaria A. Camargo
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (LICR) at Molecular Oncology Center, Sirio-Libanes Hospital, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graciele C. M. Manica
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Liliane M. B. Klassen
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Andressa Chequin
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Karin Braun-Prado
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fábio de O. Pedrosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Emanuel M. Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Fabricio F. Costa
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Ann and Robert Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Giseli Klassen
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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23
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Cau P, Navarro C, Harhouri K, Roll P, Sigaudy S, Kaspi E, Perrin S, De Sandre-Giovannoli A, Lévy N. WITHDRAWN: Nuclear matrix, nuclear envelope and premature aging syndromes in a translational research perspective. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014:S1084-9521(14)00058-5. [PMID: 24685615 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.03.022. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Cau
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); AP-HM, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Hôpital La Timone, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(2).
| | - Claire Navarro
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1)
| | - Karim Harhouri
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1)
| | - Patrice Roll
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); AP-HM, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Hôpital La Timone, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(2)
| | - Sabine Sigaudy
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); AP-HM, Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d'enfants Timone, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(3)
| | - Elise Kaspi
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); AP-HM, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Hôpital La Timone, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(2)
| | - Sophie Perrin
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1)
| | - Annachiara De Sandre-Giovannoli
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); AP-HM, Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d'enfants Timone, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(3)
| | - Nicolas Lévy
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); AP-HM, Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d'enfants Timone, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(3).
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24
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Cau P, Navarro C, Harhouri K, Roll P, Sigaudy S, Kaspi E, Perrin S, De Sandre-Giovannoli A, Lévy N. Nuclear matrix, nuclear envelope and premature aging syndromes in a translational research perspective. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 29:125-47. [PMID: 24662892 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lamin A-related progeroid syndromes are genetically determined, extremely rare and severe. In the past ten years, our knowledge and perspectives for these diseases has widely progressed, through the progressive dissection of their pathophysiological mechanisms leading to precocious and accelerated aging, from the genes mutations discovery until therapeutic trials in affected children. A-type lamins are major actors in several structural and functional activities at the nuclear periphery, as they are major components of the nuclear lamina. However, while this is usually poorly considered, they also play a key role within the rest of the nucleoplasm, whose defects are related to cell senescence. Although nuclear shape and nuclear envelope deformities are obvious and visible events, nuclear matrix disorganization and abnormal composition certainly represent the most important causes of cell defects with dramatic pathological consequences. Therefore, lamin-associated diseases should be better referred as laminopathies instead of envelopathies, this later being too restrictive, considering neither the key structural and functional roles of soluble lamins in the entire nucleoplasm, nor the nuclear matrix contribution to the pathophysiology of lamin-associated disorders and in particular in defective lamin A processing-associated aging diseases. Based on both our understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms and the biological and clinical consequences of progeria and related diseases, therapeutic trials have been conducted in patients and were terminated less than 10 years after the gene discovery, a quite fast issue for a genetic disease. Pharmacological drugs have been repurposed and used to decrease the toxicity of the accumulated, unprocessed and truncated prelaminA in progeria. To date, none of them may be considered as a cure for progeria and these clinical strategies were essentially designed toward reducing a subset of the most dramatic and morbid features associated to progeria. New therapeutic strategies under study, in particular targeting the protein expression pathway at the mRNA level, have shown a remarkable efficacy both in vitro in cells and in vivo in mice models. Strategies intending to clear the toxic accumulated proteins from the nucleus are also under evaluation. However, although exceedingly rare, improving our knowledge of genetic progeroid syndromes and searching for innovative and efficient therapies in these syndromes is of paramount importance as, even before they can be used to save lives, they may significantly (i) expand the affected childrens' lifespan and preserve their quality of life; (ii) improve our understanding of aging-related disorders and other more common diseases; and (iii) expand our fundamental knowledge of physiological aging and its links with major physiological processes such as those involved in oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Cau
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; AP-HM, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Hôpital La Timone, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France.
| | - Claire Navarro
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Karim Harhouri
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Patrice Roll
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; AP-HM, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Hôpital La Timone, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Sabine Sigaudy
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; AP-HM, Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d'enfants Timone, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Elise Kaspi
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; AP-HM, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Hôpital La Timone, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Sophie Perrin
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Annachiara De Sandre-Giovannoli
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; AP-HM, Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d'enfants Timone, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Nicolas Lévy
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; AP-HM, Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d'enfants Timone, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France.
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25
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Pan D, Xue G, Zhu J, Hu B. Ionizing radiation induced biological effects in three-dimensional cell cultures. RENDICONTI LINCEI 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-013-0260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Physical forces are central players in development and morphogenesis, provide an ever-present backdrop influencing physiological functions, and contribute to a variety of pathologies. Mechanotransduction encompasses the rich variety of ways in which cells and tissues convert cues from their physical environment into biochemical signals. These cues include tensile, compressive and shear stresses, and the stiffness or elastic modulus of the tissues in which cells reside. This article focuses on the proximal events that lead directly from a change in physical state to a change in cell-signaling state. A large body of evidence demonstrates a prominent role for the extracellular matrix, the intracellular cytoskeleton, and the cell matrix adhesions that link these networks in transduction of the mechanical environment. Recent work emphasizes the important role of physical unfolding or conformational changes in proteins induced by mechanical loading, with examples identified both within the focal adhesion complex at the cell-matrix interface and in extracellular matrix proteins themselves. Beyond these adhesion and matrix-based mechanisms, classical and new mechanisms of mechanotransduction reside in stretch-activated ion channels, the coupling of physical forces to interstitial autocrine and paracrine signaling, force-induced activation of extracellular proteins, and physical effects directly transmitted to the cell's nucleus. Rapid progress is leading to detailed delineation of molecular mechanisms by which the physical environment shapes cellular signaling events, opening up avenues for exploring how mechanotransduction pathways are integrated into physiological and pathophysiological cellular and tissue processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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27
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Gomez D, Kessler K, Michel JB, Vranckx R. Modifications of Chromatin Dynamics Control Smad2 Pathway Activation in Aneurysmal Smooth Muscle Cells. Circ Res 2013; 113:881-90. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.301989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rationale
:
The activation of the Smad2 signaling pathway is thought to play an important role in human aneurysmal diseases as described by an important body of research. We previously showed that constitutive Smad2 activation is associated with Smad2 mRNA overexpression in aneurysmal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which is dependent on epigenetic regulation of the
SMAD2
promoter involving histone modifications. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms controlling Smad2 overexpression are currently unknown.
Objective
:
The aim of the present study is to understand the mechanisms regulating the constitutive Smad2 overexpression in VSMCs by identification of the histone-modifying enzymes, transcription factors, and cofactors responsible for Smad2 promoter activation in aneurysmal disease.
Methods and Results
:
This study was performed on medial tissue extracts and primary cultures of VSMCs of human thoracic aneurysms (n=17) and normal thoracic aortas (n=10). Here, we demonstrate that the activation of
SMAD2
promoter is driven by the recruitment of a multipartner complex, including the transcription factor p53 and histone acetyltransferases. Remarkably, the transcriptional regulatory network of the
SMAD2
promoter is dramatically altered in human aneurysmal VSMCs in vitro and in situ with a switch from Myc-dependent repression of
SMAD2
in normal vessel to a p53-dependent activation of
SMAD2
in aneurysms. Furthermore, histone acetyltransferases p300 and P300/CBP-associated protein play a major role in
SMAD2
promoter activation by acting on histone acetylation, p53 recruitment, and acetylation.
Conclusions
:
These results provide evidence for a major role of p53 and the complex composed of p300 and p300/CBP-associated protein in Smad2 activation in human aneurysmal VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Gomez
- From the INSERM, U698, Paris, France (D.G., K.K., J.-B.M., R.V.); and Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (D.G., K.K., J.-B.M., R.V.)
| | - Ketty Kessler
- From the INSERM, U698, Paris, France (D.G., K.K., J.-B.M., R.V.); and Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (D.G., K.K., J.-B.M., R.V.)
| | - Jean-Baptiste Michel
- From the INSERM, U698, Paris, France (D.G., K.K., J.-B.M., R.V.); and Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (D.G., K.K., J.-B.M., R.V.)
| | - Roger Vranckx
- From the INSERM, U698, Paris, France (D.G., K.K., J.-B.M., R.V.); and Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (D.G., K.K., J.-B.M., R.V.)
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28
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Nuclear dynamics of radiation-induced foci in euchromatin and heterochromatin. Mutat Res 2013; 750:56-66. [PMID: 23958412 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Repair of double strand breaks (DSBs) is essential for cell survival and genome integrity. While much is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in DSB repair and checkpoint activation, the roles of nuclear dynamics of radiation-induced foci (RIF) in DNA repair are just beginning to emerge. Here, we summarize results from recent studies that point to distinct features of these dynamics in two different chromatin environments: heterochromatin and euchromatin. We also discuss how nuclear architecture and chromatin components might control these dynamics, and the need of novel quantification methods for a better description and interpretation of these phenomena. These studies are expected to provide new biomarkers for radiation risk and new strategies for cancer detection and treatment.
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Abstract
Nuclear envelope
spectrin-repeat
proteins (Nesprins), are a novel family of
nuclear and cytoskeletal proteins with rapidly expanding roles as intracellular scaffolds
and linkers. Originally described as proteins that localise to the nuclear envelope (NE)
and establish nuclear-cytoskeletal connections, nesprins have now been found to comprise a
diverse spectrum of tissue specific isoforms that localise to multiple sub-cellular
compartments. Here, we describe how nesprins are necessary in maintaining cellular
architecture by acting as essential scaffolds and linkers at both the NE and other
sub-cellular domains. More importantly, we speculate how nesprin mutations may disrupt
tissue specific nesprin scaffolds and explain the tissue specific nature of many
nesprin-associated diseases, including laminopathies.
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30
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Gomez D, Kessler K, Borges LF, Richard B, Touat Z, Ollivier V, Mansilla S, Bouton MC, Alkoder S, Nataf P, Jandrot-Perrus M, Jondeau G, Vranckx R, Michel JB. Smad2-dependent protease nexin-1 overexpression differentiates chronic aneurysms from acute dissections of human ascending aorta. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2222-32. [PMID: 23814118 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tissue activation of proteolysis is involved in acute intramural rupture (dissections, acute ascending aortic dissection) and in progressive dilation (aneurysms, thoracic aneurysm of the ascending aorta) of human ascending aorta. The translational aim of this study was to characterize the regulation of antiproteolytic serpin expression in normal, aneurysmal, and dissecting aorta. APPROACH AND RESULTS We explored expression of protease nexin-1 (PN-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and their regulation by the Smad2 signaling pathway in human tissue and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of aneurysms (thoracic aneurysm of the ascending aorta; n=46) and acute dissections (acute ascending aortic dissection; n=10) of the ascending aorta compared with healthy aortas (n=10). Both PN-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 mRNA and proteins were overexpressed in medial tissue extracts and primary VSMC cultures from thoracic aneurysm of the ascending aorta compared with acute ascending aortic dissection and controls. Transforming growth factor-β induced increased PN-1 expression in control but not in aneurysmal VSMCs. PN-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 overexpression by aneurysmal VSMCs was associated with increased Smad2 binding on their promoters and, functionally, resulted in VSMC self-protection from plasmin-induced detachment and death. This phenomenon was restricted to aneurysms and not observed in acute dissections. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that epigenetically regulated PN-1 overexpression promotes development of an antiproteolytic VSMC phenotype and might favor progressive aneurysmal dilation, whereas absence of this counter-regulation in dissections would lead to acute wall rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Gomez
- Inserm, UMR 698, Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France
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31
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Merkulova TI, Ananko EA, Ignatieva EV, Kolchanov NA. Transcription regulatory codes of eukaryotic genomes. RUSS J GENET+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795413010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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32
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Vidi PA, Bissell MJ, Lelièvre SA. Three-dimensional culture of human breast epithelial cells: the how and the why. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 945:193-219. [PMID: 23097109 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Organs are made of the organized assembly of different cell types that contribute to the architecture necessary for functional differentiation. In those with exocrine function, such as the breast, cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions establish mechanistic constraints and a complex biochemical signaling network essential for differentiation and homeostasis of the glandular epithelium. Such knowledge has been elegantly acquired for the mammary gland by placing epithelial cells under three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions.Three-dimensional cell culture aims at recapitulating normal and pathological tissue architectures, hence providing physiologically relevant models to study normal development and disease. The specific architecture of the breast epithelium consists of glandular structures (acini) connected to a branched ductal system. A single layer of basoapically polarized luminal cells delineates ductal or acinar lumena at the apical pole. Luminal cells make contact with myoepithelial cells and, in certain areas at the basal pole, also with basement membrane (BM) components. In this chapter, we describe how this exquisite organization as well as stages of disorganization pertaining to cancer progression can be reproduced in 3D cultures. Advantages and limitations of different culture settings are discussed. Technical designs for induction of phenotypic modulations, biochemical analyses, and state-of-the-art imaging are presented. We also explain how signaling is regulated differently in 3D cultures compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures. We believe that using 3D cultures is an indispensable method to unravel the intricacies of human mammary functions and would best serve the fight against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Alexandre Vidi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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33
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Abstract
Breast cancer incidence is rising worldwide with an increase in aggressive neoplasias in young women. Possible factors involved include lifestyle changes, notably diet that is known to make an impact on gene transcription. However, among dietary factors, there is sufficient support for only greater body weight and alcohol consumption whereas numerous studies revealing an impact of specific diets and nutrients on breast cancer risk show conflicting results. Also, little information is available from middle- and low-income countries. The diversity of gene expression profiles found in breast cancers indicates that transcription control is critical for the outcome of the disease. This suggests the need for studies on nutrients that affect epigenetic mechanisms of transcription, such as DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histones. In the present review, a new examination of the relationship between diet and breast cancer based on transcription control is proposed in light of epidemiological, animal and clinical studies. The mechanisms underlying the impact of diets on breast cancer development and factors that impede reaching clear conclusions are discussed. Understanding the interaction between nutrition and epigenetics (gene expression control via chromatin structure) is critical in light of the influence of diet during early stages of mammary gland development on breast cancer risk, suggesting a persistent effect on gene expression as shown by the influence of certain nutrients on DNA methylation. Successful development of breast cancer prevention strategies will require appropriate models, identification of biological markers for rapid assessment of preventive interventions, and coordinated worldwide research to discern the effects of diet.
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Goode DK, Elgar G. Capturing the regulatory interactions of eukaryote genomes. Brief Funct Genomics 2012; 12:142-60. [PMID: 23117864 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/els041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A key finding from early genomics research is the remarkable consistency in the number of protein-coding regions across diverse species. This has led many researchers to look to the cis-regulatory elements of genes as the fundamental influence behind evolving gene function and subsequent species diversification. Historically, since these elements are often located in vast intergenic and intronic regions of the genome, their identification has been recalcitrant. Now, with the deluge of whole-genome data from representatives of numerous eukaryotic lineages, various approaches have enabled us to begin to recognize features that characterize regulatory regions of the genome. Here we endeavour to collate these approaches in order to give an overview of the complexities involved in extrapolating regulatory signatures. The resource provided by the escalating richness of whole-genome datasets enables more sophisticated modelling of these regulatory signatures yet at the same time introduces increasing potential for noise. While we are only at the advent of making these discoveries, the next decade promises to be a very exciting and rewarding time for genome researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie K Goode
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Deptartment of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
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35
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Chinnadurai M, Paul SFD, Venkatachalam P. The effect of growth architecture on the induction and decay of bleomycin and X-ray-induced bystander response and genomic instability in lung adenocarcinoma cells and blood lymphocytes. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 89:69-78. [PMID: 22947118 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2012.726397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer patients treated with radiomimetic drug bleomycin (BLM) have shown incidence of 7% second malignancy. Studies regarding BLM-induced genomic instability in bystander cells are scarce, and experiments with cells grown on three-dimensional (3D) cultures to mimic the in-vivo condition have never been attempted. MATERIALS AND METHODS A549 and NCI-H23 (human lung adenocarcinoma) cells were grown as 3D cultures using Cytomatrix(™), exposed to BLM or X-radiation and co-cultured with their respective unexposed cells. The DNA damage in direct and bystander cells were assessed by the induction of micronuclei (MN) or phosphorylated serine-15 residue in protein 53 (p53(ser-15)), a reflection of DNA damage, and by up-regulation of protein 21 (p21Waf1). The persistence of DNA damage was measured using MN assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in cancer cells and human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) respectively. RESULTS BLM or X-irradiation induced DNA damage in both A549 and NCI-H23 cells and their respective bystander cells grown in 2D or 3D cultures. Further persistence of these damages in bystander PBL at delayed times indicated genomic instability in these cells. CONCLUSION BLM-induced genomic instability in the progeny of bystander cells and their significance in therapy-induced second malignancy may not be eliminated completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Chinnadurai
- Department of Human Genetics, College of Biomedical Science Technology and Research , Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India
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36
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Issues to be considered when studying cancer in vitro. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2012; 85:95-111. [PMID: 22823950 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Various cancer treatment approaches have shown promising results when tested preclinically. The results of clinical trials, however, are often disappointing. While searching for the reasons responsible for their failures, the relevance of experimental and preclinical models has to be taken into account. Possible factors that should be considered, including cell modifications during in vitro cultivation, lack of both the relevant interactions and the structural context in vitro have been summarized in the present review.
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37
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Focal adhesion-chromatin linkage controls tumor cell resistance to radio- and chemotherapy. CHEMOTHERAPY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2012; 2012:319287. [PMID: 22778951 PMCID: PMC3385588 DOI: 10.1155/2012/319287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer resistance to therapy presents an ongoing and unsolved obstacle, which has clear impact on patient's survival. In order to address this problem, novel in vitro models have been established and are currently developed that enable data generation in a more physiological context. For example, extracellular-matrix- (ECM-) based scaffolds lead to the identification of integrins and integrin-associated signaling molecules as key promoters of cancer cell resistance to radio- and chemotherapy as well as modern molecular agents. In this paper, we discuss the dynamic nature of the interplay between ECM, integrins, cytoskeleton, nuclear matrix, and chromatin organization and how this affects the response of tumor cells to various kinds of cytotoxic anticancer agents.
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38
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Mierke CT. The biomechanical properties of 3d extracellular matrices and embedded cells regulate the invasiveness of cancer cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2012; 61:217-36. [PMID: 21516307 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-011-9193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The malignancy of tumors depends on the biomechanical properties of cancer cells and their microenvironment, which enable cancer cells to migrate through the connective tissue, transmigrate through basement membranes and endothelial monolayers and form metastases in targeted organs. The current focus of cancer research is still based on biological capabilities such as molecular genetics and gene signaling, but these approaches ignore the mechanical nature of the invasion process of cancer cells. This review will focus on how structural, biochemical and mechanical properties of extracellular matrices (ECMs), and adjacent cells regulate the invasiveness of cancer cells. In addition, it presents how cancer cells create their own microenvironment by restructuring of the ECM and by interaction with stromal cells, which then further contribute to the progression of cancer disease. Finally, this review will point out that mechanical properties are a critical determinant for the efficiency of cancer cell invasion and the progression of cancer which might affect the future development of new cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia T Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Institute of Experimental Physics I, Soft Matter Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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39
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Vidi PA, Chandramouly G, Gray M, Wang L, Liu E, Kim JJ, Roukos V, Bissell MJ, Moghe PV, Lelièvre SA. Interconnected contribution of tissue morphogenesis and the nuclear protein NuMA to the DNA damage response. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:350-61. [PMID: 22331358 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.089177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissue morphogenesis is accompanied by the formation of a polarity axis--a feature of tissue architecture that is initiated by the binding of integrins to the basement membrane. Polarity plays a crucial role in tissue homeostasis, preserving differentiation, cell survival and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs among others. An important aspect in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis is genome integrity. As normal tissues frequently experience DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), we asked how tissue architecture might participate in the DNA damage response. Using 3D culture models that mimic mammary glandular morphogenesis and tumor formation, we show that DSB repair activity is higher in basally polarized tissues, regardless of the malignant status of cells, and is controlled by hemidesmosomal integrin signaling. In the absence of glandular morphogenesis, in 2D flat monolayer cultures, basal polarity does not affect DNA repair activity but enhances H2AX phosphorylation, an early chromatin response to DNA damage. The nuclear mitotic apparatus protein 1 (NuMA), which controls breast glandular morphogenesis by acting on the organization of chromatin, displays a polarity-dependent pattern and redistributes in the cell nucleus of basally polarized cells upon the induction of DSBs. This is shown using high-content analysis of nuclear morphometric descriptors. Furthermore, silencing NuMA impairs H2AX phosphorylation--thus, tissue polarity and NuMA cooperate to maintain genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Alexandre Vidi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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40
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Vidi PA, Bissell MJ, Lelièvre SA. Three-dimensional culture of human breast epithelial cells: the how and the why. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 945:193-219. [PMID: 23097109 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-125-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organs are made of the organized assembly of different cell types that contribute to the architecture necessary for functional differentiation. In those with exocrine function, such as the breast, cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions establish mechanistic constraints and a complex biochemical signaling network essential for differentiation and homeostasis of the glandular epithelium. Such knowledge has been elegantly acquired for the mammary gland by placing epithelial cells under three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions.Three-dimensional cell culture aims at recapitulating normal and pathological tissue architectures, hence providing physiologically relevant models to study normal development and disease. The specific architecture of the breast epithelium consists of glandular structures (acini) connected to a branched ductal system. A single layer of basoapically polarized luminal cells delineates ductal or acinar lumena at the apical pole. Luminal cells make contact with myoepithelial cells and, in certain areas at the basal pole, also with basement membrane (BM) components. In this chapter, we describe how this exquisite organization as well as stages of disorganization pertaining to cancer progression can be reproduced in 3D cultures. Advantages and limitations of different culture settings are discussed. Technical designs for induction of phenotypic modulations, biochemical analyses, and state-of-the-art imaging are presented. We also explain how signaling is regulated differently in 3D cultures compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures. We believe that using 3D cultures is an indispensable method to unravel the intricacies of human mammary functions and would best serve the fight against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Alexandre Vidi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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41
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Abstract
Nuclear lipid metabolism is implicated in various processes, including transcription, splicing, and DNA repair. Sphingolipids play roles in numerous cellular functions, and an emerging body of literature has identified roles for these lipid mediators in distinct nuclear processes. Different sphingolipid species are localized in various subnuclear domains, including chromatin, the nuclear matrix, and the nuclear envelope, where sphingolipids exert specific regulatory and structural functions. Sphingomyelin, the most abundant nuclear sphingolipid, plays both structural and regulatory roles in chromatin assembly and dynamics in addition to being an integral component of the nuclear matrix. Sphingosine-1-phosphate modulates histone acetylation, sphingosine is a ligand for steroidogenic factor 1, and nuclear accumulation of ceramide has been implicated in apoptosis. Finally, nuclear membrane-associated ganglioside GM1 plays a pivotal role in Ca(2+) homeostasis. This review highlights research on the factors that control nuclear sphingolipid metabolism and summarizes the roles of these lipids in various nuclear processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha C Lucki
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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42
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Hochberg Z, Feil R, Constancia M, Fraga M, Junien C, Carel JC, Boileau P, Le Bouc Y, Deal CL, Lillycrop K, Scharfmann R, Sheppard A, Skinner M, Szyf M, Waterland RA, Waxman DJ, Whitelaw E, Ong K, Albertsson-Wikland K. Child health, developmental plasticity, and epigenetic programming. Endocr Rev 2011; 32:159-224. [PMID: 20971919 PMCID: PMC3365792 DOI: 10.1210/er.2009-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Plasticity in developmental programming has evolved in order to provide the best chances of survival and reproductive success to the organism under changing environments. Environmental conditions that are experienced in early life can profoundly influence human biology and long-term health. Developmental origins of health and disease and life-history transitions are purported to use placental, nutritional, and endocrine cues for setting long-term biological, mental, and behavioral strategies in response to local ecological and/or social conditions. The window of developmental plasticity extends from preconception to early childhood and involves epigenetic responses to environmental changes, which exert their effects during life-history phase transitions. These epigenetic responses influence development, cell- and tissue-specific gene expression, and sexual dimorphism, and, in exceptional cases, could be transmitted transgenerationally. Translational epigenetic research in child health is a reiterative process that ranges from research in the basic sciences, preclinical research, and pediatric clinical research. Identifying the epigenetic consequences of fetal programming creates potential applications in clinical practice: the development of epigenetic biomarkers for early diagnosis of disease, the ability to identify susceptible individuals at risk for adult diseases, and the development of novel preventive and curative measures that are based on diet and/or novel epigenetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Hochberg
- Rambam Medical Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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43
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Berchtold D, Fesser S, Bachmann G, Kaiser A, Eilert JC, Frohns F, Sadoni N, Muck J, Kremmer E, Eick D, Layer PG, Zink D. Nuclei of chicken neurons in tissues and three-dimensional cell cultures are organized into distinct radial zones. Chromosome Res 2011; 19:165-82. [PMID: 21249442 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-010-9182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We used chicken retinospheroids (RS) to study the nuclear architecture of vertebrate cells in a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture system. The results showed that the different neuronal cell types of RS displayed an extreme form of radial nuclear organization. Chromatin was arranged into distinct radial zones which became already visible after DAPI staining. The distinct zones were enriched in different chromatin modifications and in different types of chromosomes. Active isoforms of RNA polymerase II were depleted in the outermost zone. Also chromocenters and nucleoli were radially aligned in the nuclear interior. The splicing factor SC35 was enriched at the central zone and did not show the typical speckled pattern of distribution. Evaluation of neuronal and non-neuronal chicken tissues showed that the highly ordered form of radial nuclear organization was also present in neuronal chicken tissues. Furthermore, the data revealed that the neuron-specific nuclear organization was remodeled when cells spread on a flat substrate. Monolayer cultures of a chicken cell line did not show this extreme form of radial organization. Rather, such monolayer cultures displayed features of nuclear organization which have been described before for many different types of monolayer cells. The finding that an extreme form radial nuclear organization, which has not been described before, is present in RS and tissues, but not in cells spread on a flat substrate, suggests that it would be important to complement studies on nuclear architecture performed with monolayer cells by studies on 3D cell culture systems and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Berchtold
- Department Biologie II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Biozentrum, Grosshadernerstr. 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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44
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Chatterjee M, van Golen KL. Farnesyl transferase inhibitor treatment of breast cancer cells leads to altered RhoA and RhoC GTPase activity and induces a dormant phenotype. Int J Cancer 2010; 129:61-9. [PMID: 20824700 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Farnesyl transferase inhibitors (FTIs) were shown to be effective in modulating tumor growth in Ras-transformed tumor cells. Recent studies have focused on Rho GTPases as putative targets of FTI action. Previously, we demonstrated that FTIs were effective in inhibiting the growth and invasiveness of RhoC GTPase-overexpressing inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) cells however, RhoC activity was increased. In this study, we examine the mechanisms of FTI action on breast cancer cells in culture through modulation of RhoC and RhoA GTPases. We found that FTI inhibition of breast cancer cell growth was reversible and resembled what has been described for an in vitro model of tumor cell dormancy. On FTI treatment, levels of active RhoA decreased significantly, whereas levels of active RhoC increased 3.8-fold. We studied the role of these two GTPases in a fibronectin and basic FGF-induced model of breast cancer cell dormancy. Hypoactivation of RhoA and hyperactivation of RhoC were seen to induce morphology and growth changes consistent with tumor cell dormancy in culture. In addition, the JNK/SAPK pathway was induced on FTI treatment. A pharmacologic inhibitor of the JNK/SAPK pathway significantly reduced the number of dormant cells. This study has implications for the use of FTIs as therapeutic agents as well as potential mechanisms for breast cancer cell dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Chatterjee
- Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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45
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González S, Aguilera S, Urzúa U, Quest AFG, Molina C, Alliende C, Hermoso M, González MJ. Mechanotransduction and epigenetic control in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2010; 10:175-9. [PMID: 20923710 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2010.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of epithelial cells is required to define tissue architecture and appropriate function of these cells is associated with a specific pattern of gene expression. DNA methylation, post-translational modification of histones and chromatin remodeling are nuclear mechanisms implicated in epigenetic control of gene expression. All factors relevant to tissue differentiation, including cell adhesion and shape, extracellular stimuli and transcriptional control, modulate gene expression and, thus, some of them are likely to impact on nuclear mechanisms of epigenetic control. The epithelial cells of salivary glands from Sjögren's syndrome patients display alterations in cell adhesion and shape. In this review, we summarize how these alterations are thought to lead to chromatin remodeling and, in doing so, bring about changes in transcriptional patterns. Additionally, we discuss how mechanotransduction in cells with impaired structural organization is implicated in modifying gene expression in these patients.
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46
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Kress C, Devinoy E. [Organization of the nucleus during cell differentiation in the mammary tissue]. Biol Aujourdhui 2010; 204:215-20. [PMID: 20950565 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
In many tissues, the features of cell nuclei are specific to their differentiated state, notably in terms of the nature and distribution of nuclear compartments and the position of chromosomes and genes. This spatial organization of the nucleus reveals domains that are differentially permissive for gene expression and may constitute an epigenetic mechanism that is involved in maintaining tissue-specific expression profiles. The mammary gland is a complex tissue in which mammary epithelial cells (MECs), which synthesize and secrete milk components, interact with other cell types (myoepithelial cells, adipocytes) and the extracellular matrix. MECs cultures can to some extent recreate cell differentiation in vitro and have been used to follow the development and functional importance of nuclear organization. They have made it possible to show how hormonal stimulation can lead to a remodeling of nuclear domains and the repositioning of genes specific to the mammary gland, such as milk protein genes. By modulating the growth conditions of culture in order to replace cells in a microenvironment similar to that of mammary gland tissue, it should be possible to study the role of this cellular microenvironment in nuclear organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Kress
- INRA, UR1196 Genomique et Physiologie de la Lactation, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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47
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Huang L, Frampton G, Liang LJ, DeMorrow S. Aberrant DNA methylation profile in cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2010; 1:23-9. [PMID: 21607139 PMCID: PMC3097943 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v1.i2.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a notoriously lethal epithelial cancer originating from the biliary system. As radical resection offers a poor success rate and limited effective adjuvant modalities exist in its advanced stage, the disease leads to a fairly poor prognosis. As the incidence of CCA is increasing, although the mortality rate remains stable, and few other definite etiologies have yet to be established, renewing our knowledge of its fundamental carcinogenesis is advisable. The latest advances in molecular carcinogenesis have highlighted the roles of epigenetic perturbations and cancer-related inflammation in CCA. This review focuses on the reciprocal effects between aberrant DNA methylation and inflammatory microenvironment in CCA.
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48
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Luo W, Chan EWL, Yousaf MN. Tailored electroactive and quantitative ligand density microarrays applied to stem cell differentiation. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:2614-21. [PMID: 20131824 DOI: 10.1021/ja907187f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to precisely control the interactions between materials and mammalian cells at the molecular level is crucial to understanding the fundamental chemical nature of how the local environment influences cellular behavior as well as for developing new biomaterials for a range of biotechnological and tissue engineering applications. In this report, we develop and apply for the first time a quantitative electroactive microarray strategy that can present a variety of ligands with precise control over ligand density to study human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) differentiation on transparent surfaces with a new method to quantitate adipogenic differentiation. We found that both the ligand composition and ligand density influence the rate of adipogenic differentiation from hMSC's. Furthermore, this new analytical biotechnology method is compatible with other biointerfacial characterization technologies (surface plasmon resonance, mass spectrometry) and can also be applied to investigate a range of protein-ligand or cell-material interactions for a variety of systems biology studies or cell behavior based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Department of Chemistry and the Carolina Center for Genome Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
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49
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Storch K, Eke I, Borgmann K, Krause M, Richter C, Becker K, Schröck E, Cordes N. Three-dimensional cell growth confers radioresistance by chromatin density modification. Cancer Res 2010; 70:3925-34. [PMID: 20442295 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell shape and architecture are determined by cell-extracellular matrix interactions and have profound effects on cellular behavior, chromatin condensation, and tumor cell resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. To evaluate the role of chromatin condensation for radiation cell survival, tumor cells grown in three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures as xenografts and monolayer cell cultures were compared. Here, we show that increased levels of heterochromatin in 3D cell cultures characterized by histone H3 deacetylation and induced heterochromatin protein 1alpha expression result in increased radiation survival and reduced numbers of DNA double strand breaks (DSB) and lethal chromosome aberrations. Intriguingly, euchromatin to heterochromatin-associated DSBs were equally distributed in irradiated 3D cell cultures and xenograft tumors, whereas irradiated monolayer cultures showed a 2:1 euchromatin to heterochromatin DSB distribution. Depletion of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1/2/4 or application of the class I/II pharmacologic HDAC inhibitor LBH589 induced moderate or strong chromatin decondensation, respectively, which was translated into cell line-dependent radiosensitization and, in case of LBH589, into an increased number of DSBs. Neither growth conditions nor HDAC modifications significantly affected the radiation-induced phosphorylation of the important DNA repair protein ataxia telangiectasia mutated. Our data show an interrelation between cell morphology and cellular radiosensitivity essentially based on chromatin organization. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which chromatin structure influences the processing of radiation-induced DNA lesions is of high relevance for normal tissue protection and optimization of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Storch
- OncoRay-Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
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50
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Abstract
The phenotype of an individual is the result of complex interactions between genome, epigenome and current, past and ancestral environment leading to a lifelong remodelling of the epigenomes. The genetic information expression contained in the genome is controlled by labile chromatin-associated epigenetic marks. Epigenetic misprogramming during development is widely thought to have a persistent effect on the health of the offspring and may even be transmitted to the next generation. The epigenome serves as an interface between the environment and the genome. Dietary factors, including folate involved in C1 metabolism, and other social and lifestyle exposures have a profound effect on many aspects of health including ageing and do so, at least partly, through interactions with the genome, which result in altered gene expression with consequences for cell function and health throughout the life course. Depending on the nature and intensity of the environmental insult, the critical spatiotemporal windows and developmental or lifelong processes involved, epigenetic alterations can lead to permanent changes in tissue and organ structure and function or to phenotypic changes that can (or cannot) be reversed using appropriate epigenetic tools. Moreover, the flexibility of epigenetic marks may make it possible for environmental, nutritional and hormonal factors or endocrine disruptors to alter, during a particular spatiotemporal window in a sex-specific manner, the sex-specific methylation or demethylation of specific CpG and/or histone modifications underlying sex-specific expression of a substantial proportion of genes. Moreover, genetic factors, the environment and stochastic events change the epigenetic landscape during the lifetime of an individual. Epigenetic alterations leading to gene expression dysregulation accumulate during ageing and are important in tumorigenesis and age-related diseases. Several encouraging trials suggest that prevention and therapy of age- and lifestyle-related diseases by individualised tailoring to optimal epigenetic diets or drugs are conceivable. However, these interventions will require intense efforts to unravel the complexity of these epigenetic, genetic and environment interactions and to evaluate their potential reversibility with minimal side effects.
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