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Stoup N, Liberelle M, Schulz C, Cavdarli S, Vasseur R, Magnez R, Lahdaoui F, Skrypek N, Peretti F, Frénois F, Thuru X, Melnyk P, Renault N, Jonckheere N, Lebègue N, Van Seuningen I. The EGF Domains of MUC4 Oncomucin Mediate HER2 Binding Affinity and Promote Pancreatic Cancer Cell Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225746. [PMID: 34830899 PMCID: PMC8616066 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A feature of pancreatic cancer (PC) is the frequent overexpression of tyrosine kinase membrane receptor HER2 along with its membrane partner the MUC4 oncomucin in the early stages of the pancreatic carcinogenesis. However, therapeutic approaches targeting HER2 in PC are not efficient. MUC4 could indeed represent an alternative therapeutic strategy to target HER2 signaling pathway, but this approach needs to characterize MUC4/HER2 interaction at the molecular level. In this study, we successfully showed the impact of the EGF domains of MUC4 on HER2 binding affinity and demonstrated their “growth factor-like” biological activities in PC cells. Moreover, homology models of the MUC4EGF/HER2 complexes allowed identification of binding hotspots mediating binding affinity with HER2 and PC cell proliferation. These results allow a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the MUC4/HER2 complex formation and may lead to the design of potential MUC4/HER2 inhibitors. Abstract The HER2 receptor and its MUC4 mucin partner form an oncogenic complex via an extracellular region of MUC4 encompassing three EGF domains that promotes tumor progression of pancreatic cancer (PC) cells. However, the molecular mechanism of interaction remains poorly understood. Herein, we decipher at the molecular level the role and impact of the MUC4EGF domains in the mediation of the binding affinities with HER2 and the PC cell tumorigenicity. We used an integrative approach combining in vitro bioinformatic, biophysical, biochemical, and biological approaches, as well as an in vivo study on a xenograft model of PC. In this study, we specified the binding mode of MUC4EGF domains with HER2 and demonstrate their “growth factor-like” biological activities in PC cells leading to stimulation of several signaling proteins (mTOR pathway, Akt, and β-catenin) contributing to PC progression. Molecular dynamics simulations of the MUC4EGF/HER2 complexes led to 3D homology models and identification of binding hotspots mediating binding affinity with HER2 and PC cell proliferation. These results will pave the way to the design of potential MUC4/HER2 inhibitors targeting the EGF domains of MUC4. This strategy will represent a new efficient alternative to treat cancers associated with MUC4/HER2 overexpression and HER2-targeted therapy failure as a new adapted treatment to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Stoup
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (N.S.); (C.S.); (S.C.); (R.V.); (R.M.); (F.L.); (N.S.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (X.T.); (N.J.)
| | - Maxime Liberelle
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172—LilNCog—Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Céline Schulz
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (N.S.); (C.S.); (S.C.); (R.V.); (R.M.); (F.L.); (N.S.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (X.T.); (N.J.)
| | - Sumeyye Cavdarli
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (N.S.); (C.S.); (S.C.); (R.V.); (R.M.); (F.L.); (N.S.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (X.T.); (N.J.)
| | - Romain Vasseur
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (N.S.); (C.S.); (S.C.); (R.V.); (R.M.); (F.L.); (N.S.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (X.T.); (N.J.)
| | - Romain Magnez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (N.S.); (C.S.); (S.C.); (R.V.); (R.M.); (F.L.); (N.S.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (X.T.); (N.J.)
| | - Fatima Lahdaoui
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (N.S.); (C.S.); (S.C.); (R.V.); (R.M.); (F.L.); (N.S.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (X.T.); (N.J.)
| | - Nicolas Skrypek
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (N.S.); (C.S.); (S.C.); (R.V.); (R.M.); (F.L.); (N.S.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (X.T.); (N.J.)
| | - Fabien Peretti
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (N.S.); (C.S.); (S.C.); (R.V.); (R.M.); (F.L.); (N.S.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (X.T.); (N.J.)
| | - Frédéric Frénois
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (N.S.); (C.S.); (S.C.); (R.V.); (R.M.); (F.L.); (N.S.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (X.T.); (N.J.)
| | - Xavier Thuru
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (N.S.); (C.S.); (S.C.); (R.V.); (R.M.); (F.L.); (N.S.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (X.T.); (N.J.)
| | - Patricia Melnyk
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172—LilNCog—Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Nicolas Renault
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286—INFINITE—Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Nicolas Jonckheere
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (N.S.); (C.S.); (S.C.); (R.V.); (R.M.); (F.L.); (N.S.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (X.T.); (N.J.)
| | - Nicolas Lebègue
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172—LilNCog—Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.L.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (I.V.S.); Tel.: +33-32096-4977 (N.L.)
| | - Isabelle Van Seuningen
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (N.S.); (C.S.); (S.C.); (R.V.); (R.M.); (F.L.); (N.S.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (X.T.); (N.J.)
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (I.V.S.); Tel.: +33-32096-4977 (N.L.)
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2
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Almasmoum H. The Roles of Transmembrane Mucins Located on Chromosome 7q22.1 in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:3271-3280. [PMID: 33883940 PMCID: PMC8053700 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s299089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancers. It is associated with a poor prognosis and high mortality. The role of mucins (MUCs) in colon tumorigenesis is unclear, but it might be significant in the progression of malignancy. Some mucins, such as MUC1 and MUC13, act as oncogenes, whereas others, such as MUC2 and MUC6, are tumor suppressors. However, there are still mucins with unidentified roles in CRC. In this review, we discuss the reported roles of mucins in CRC. Moreover, we review the capability of the mucin family to serve as a sensitive and specific histopathological marker for the early diagnosis of CRC. Lastly, the role of mucin genes clustered on chromosome 7q22 in CRC and other cancers is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Almasmoum
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Bresalier RS, Grady WM, Markowitz SD, Nielsen HJ, Batra SK, Lampe PD. Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer: The Early Detection Research Network, a Framework for Clinical Translation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:2431-2440. [PMID: 32299850 PMCID: PMC7572434 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection by screening significantly reduces mortality from colorectal cancer, but 40% of guideline-eligible patients are not screened as recommended in the United States. Novel strategies to improve screening uptake overall and efforts to deploy best practices to underserved populations are a high priority for health care. This review focuses on existing biomarkers in practice and those in development with clinical relevance to early detection of colorectal neoplasia, with an emphasis on those developed by investigators of the NCI's Early Detection Research Network. Aberrantly methylated DNA markers (blood and stool), stool-based markers (including fecal immunochemical test-DNA), and a variety of blood-based marker assays in development (protein markers, glycoproteins including mucins, and cell-free DNA tests) are reviewed. Individual markers and biomarker panels, sample resources, and barriers to translating biomarkers to clinical practice are discussed.See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, "NCI Early Detection Research Network: Making Cancer Detection Possible."
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Bresalier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - William M Grady
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sanford D Markowitz
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Division of Hematology-Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Hans Jørgen Nielsen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- The Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Paul D Lampe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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4
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Liberelle M, Jonckheere N, Melnyk P, Van Seuningen I, Lebègue N. EGF-Containing Membrane-Bound Mucins: A Hidden ErbB2 Targeting Pathway? J Med Chem 2020; 63:5074-5088. [PMID: 32027502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-bound mucins belong to a heterogeneous family of large O-glycoproteins involved in numerous cancers and inflammatory diseases of the epithelium. Some of them are also involved in protein-protein interactions, with receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2, and fundamental and clinical data showed that these complexes have a detrimental impact on cancer outcome, thus raising interest in therapeutic targeting. This paper aims to demonstrate that MUC3, MUC4, MUC12, MUC13, and MUC17 have a common evolutionary origin and share a common structural organization with EGF-like and SEA domains. Theoretical structure-function relationship analysis of the conserved domains indicated that the studied membrane-bound mucins share common biological properties along with potential specific functions. Finally, the potential druggability of these complexes is discussed, revealing ErbB2-related pathways of cell signaling to be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Liberelle
- Univ. Lille, Inserm CHU Lille, UMR-S1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-LiNC-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Jonckheere
- Univ. Lille, Inserm CHU Lille, UMR-S1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-UMR-S 1277-Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Patricia Melnyk
- Univ. Lille, Inserm CHU Lille, UMR-S1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-LiNC-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Van Seuningen
- Univ. Lille, Inserm CHU Lille, UMR-S1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-UMR-S 1277-Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Lebègue
- Univ. Lille, Inserm CHU Lille, UMR-S1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-LiNC-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
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5
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MUC4-ErbB2 Oncogenic Complex: Binding studies using Microscale Thermophoresis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16678. [PMID: 31723153 PMCID: PMC6853952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The MUC4 membrane-bound mucin is a large O-glycoprotein involved in epithelial homeostasis. At the cancer cell surface MUC4 interacts with ErbB2 receptor via EGF domains to promote cell proliferation and migration. MUC4 is highly regarded as a therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer as it is not expressed in healthy pancreas, while it is neoexpressed in early preneoplastic stages (PanINs). However, the association/dissociation constant of MUC4-ErbB2 complex is unknown. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have become a major area of research in the past years and the characterization of their interactions, especially by biophysical methods, is intensively used in drug discovery. To characterize the MUC4-ErbB2 interaction, we used MicroScale Thermophoresis (MST), a powerful method for quantitative protein interaction analysis under challenging conditions. We worked with CHO cell lysates containing either the transmembrane β subunit of MUC4 (MUC4β) or a truncated mutant encompassing only the EGF domains (MUC4EGF3+1+2). MST studies have led to the characterization of equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) for MUC4β-ErbB2 (7–25 nM) and MUC4EGF3+1+2/ErbB2 (65–79 nM) complexes. This work provides new information regarding the MUC4-ErbB2 interaction at the biophysical level and also confirms that the presence of the three EGF domains of MUC4 is sufficient to provide efficient interaction. This technological approach will be very useful in the future to validate small molecule binding affinities targeting MUC4-ErbB2 complex for drug discovery development in cancer. It will also be of high interest for the other known membrane mucins forming oncogenic complexes with ErbBs at the cancer cell surface.
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6
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Vymetalkova V, Pardini B, Rosa F, Jiraskova K, Di Gaetano C, Bendova P, Levy M, Veskrnova V, Buchler T, Vodickova L, Naccarati A, Vodicka P. Polymorphisms in microRNA binding sites of mucin genes as predictors of clinical outcome in colorectal cancer patients. Carcinogenesis 2016; 38:28-39. [PMID: 27803053 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in microRNA (miRNA) binding sites may affect miRNA/target gene interaction, resulting in differential mRNA/protein expression and susceptibility to common diseases. Mucins have been identified as markers of adverse prognosis. We hypothesized that genetic variations in miRNA binding sites located in mucin genes may modulate signaling response and the maintenance of genomic stability ultimately affecting cancer susceptibility, efficacy of chemotherapy and survival. In this study, we analyzed the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in predicted miRNA target sites (miRSNPs) of mucin genes with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and clinical outcome. Thirteen miRSNPs in 9 genes were assessed in 1111 cases and 1469 controls. No strongly significant associations were observed in the case-control study. Patients carrying the CC genotype of rs886403 in MUC21 displayed a shorter survival and higher recurrence risk when compared with TT carriers [overall survival (OS): hazard ratios (HR) 1.69; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.13-2.46; P = 0.01 and event-free survival (EFS): HR 1.99; 95% CI 1.38-2.84; P = 0.0002, respectively]. The observed associations were more striking after stratification for tumor site (in patients with colon cancer, OS: HR 2.63; 95% CI 1.69-4.10; P < 0.0001 and EFS: HR 2.65; 95% CI 1.72-4.07; P < 0.0001). In contrast, rectal cancer cases carrying the CC genotype of rs4729655 in MUC17 displayed a longer survival (OS: HR 0.27; 95% CI 0.14-0.54; P = 0.0002) than those with the most common genotype. To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating miRSNPs potentially affecting miRNA binding to mucin genes and revealing their impact on CRC susceptibility or patient's survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vymetalkova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic, .,Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 11000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Fabio Rosa
- Human Genetics Foundation, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Katerina Jiraskova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 11000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cornelia Di Gaetano
- Human Genetics Foundation, 10126 Turin, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Petra Bendova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 11000 Prague, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 30605 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Levy
- Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer University Hospital, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic and
| | - Veronika Veskrnova
- Department of Oncology, Thomayer Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 11000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Buchler
- Department of Oncology, Thomayer Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 11000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 11000 Prague, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 30605 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic.,Human Genetics Foundation, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 11000 Prague, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 30605 Pilsen, Czech Republic
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7
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Das S, Rachagani S, Sheinin Y, Smith LM, Gurumurthy CB, Roy HK, Batra SK. Mice deficient in Muc4 are resistant to experimental colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Oncogene 2015; 35:2645-54. [PMID: 26364605 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MUC4, a large transmembrane mucin normally expressed in the small and large intestine, is differentially expressed during inflammatory and malignant conditions of the colon. However, the expression pattern and the role of MUC4 in colitis and colorectal cancer (CRC) are inconclusive. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand the role of Muc4 during inflammatory and malignant conditions of the colon. Here, we generated Muc4(-/-) mice and addressed its role in colitis and colitis-associated CRC using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and azoxymethane (AOM)-DSS experimental models, respectively. Muc4(-/-) mice were viable, fertile with no apparent defects. Muc4(-/-) mice displayed increased resistance to DSS-induced colitis compared with wild-type (WT) littermates that was evaluated by survival rate, body weight loss, diarrhea and fecal blood score, and histological score. Reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells, that is, CD3(+) lymphocytes and F4/80(+) macrophages was observed in the inflamed mucosa along with reduction in the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and anti-microbial genes Lysozyme M and SLPI in the colon of Muc4(-/-) mice compared with WT littermates. Compensatory upregulation of Muc2 and Muc3 mucins under basal and DSS treatment conditions partly explains the resistance observed in Muc4(-/-) mice. Accordingly, Muc4(-/-) mice exhibited significantly reduced tumor burden compared with WT mice assessed in a colitis-induced tumor model using AOM/DSS. An increased percentage of Ki67(+) nuclei was observed in the tumors from WT compared with Muc4(-/-) mice suggesting Muc4 to be critical in intestinal cell proliferation during tumorigenesis. Taken together, we conclusively demonstrate for the first time the role of Muc4 in driving intestinal inflammation and inflammation-associated tumorigenesis using a novel Muc4(-/-) mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Y Sheinin
- Department of Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - L M Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - C B Gurumurthy
- Mouse Genome Engineering Core Facility, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - H K Roy
- Center for Digestive Disorders, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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8
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Shibahara H, Higashi M, Yokoyama S, Rousseau K, Kitazono I, Osako M, Shirahama H, Tashiro Y, Kurumiya Y, Narita M, Kuze S, Hasagawa H, Kato T, Kubota H, Suzuki H, Arai T, Sakai Y, Yuasa N, Fujino M, Kondo S, Okamoto Y, Yamamoto T, Hiromatsu T, Sasaki E, Shirai K, Kawai S, Hattori K, Tsuji H, Okochi O, Sakamoto M, Kondo A, Konishi N, Batra SK, Yonezawa S. A comprehensive expression analysis of mucins in appendiceal carcinoma in a multicenter study: MUC3 is a novel prognostic factor. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115613. [PMID: 25551773 PMCID: PMC4281150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucins are implicated in survival in various cancers, but there have been no report addressed on survival in appendiceal carcinoma, an uncommon disease with different clinical and pathological features from those of other colon cancers. We aimed to investigate the clinical implications of expression of mucins in appendiceal carcinoma. METHODS Expression profiles of MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC6, MUC16 and MUC17 in cancer tissue were examined by immunohistochemistry in 108 cases of surgically resected appendiceal carcinoma. RESULTS The following relationships of mucins with clinicopathologic factors were identified: MUC1 with positive lymphatic invasion (p = 0.036); MUC2 with histological type (mucinous carcinoma, p<0.001), superficial invasion depth (p = 0.007), negative venous invasion (p = 0.003), and curative resection (p = 0.019); MUC3 with non-curative resection (p = 0.017); MUC5AC with histological type (mucinous carcinoma, p = 0.002), negative lymphatic invasion (p = 0.021), and negative venous invasion (p = 0.022); and MUC16 with positive lymph node metastasis (p = 0.035), positive venous invasion (p<0.05), and non-curative resection (p = 0.035). A poor prognosis was related to positive lymph node metastasis (p = 0.04), positive lymphatic invasion (p = 0.02), positive venous invasion (p<0.001), non-curative resection (p<0.001), and positive expression of MUC3 (p = 0.004). In multivariate analysis, positive venous invasion (HR: 6.93, 95% CI: 1.93-24.96, p = 0.003), non-curative resection (HR: 10.19, 95% CI: 3.05-34.07, p<0.001) and positive MUC3 expression (HR: 3.37, 95% CI: 1.13-10.03, p = 0.03) were identified as significant independent prognostic factors in patients with appendiceal carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Expression of MUC3 in appendiceal carcinoma is an independent factor for poor prognosis and a useful predictor of outcome in patients with appendiceal carcinoma after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michiyo Higashi
- Department of Human Pathology, Field of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Seiya Yokoyama
- Department of Human Pathology, Field of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Karine Rousseau
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Iwao Kitazono
- Department of Human Pathology, Field of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahiko Osako
- Department of Surgery, Kagoshima Medical Association Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shirahama
- Department of Pathology, Imakiire General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yukie Tashiro
- Department of Pathology, Imakiire General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | | | - Shingo Kuze
- Department of Surgery, Chutoen General Medical Center, Kakegawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasagawa
- Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takehito Kato
- Department of Surgery, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kubota
- Department of Surgery, Handa City Hospital, Handa, Japan
| | | | | | - Yu Sakai
- Department of Pathology, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Yuasa
- Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiko Fujino
- Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinji Kondo
- Department of Surgery, Sakashita Hospital, Nakatsugawa, Japan
| | - Yoshichika Okamoto
- Department of Surgery, Shizuoka Saiseikai General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Eiji Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, Kamiiida Daiichi General Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Shirai
- Department of Surgery, Yamashita Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - Satoru Kawai
- Department of Surgery, Tsushima City Hospital, Tsushima, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Tsuji
- Department of Surgery, Toyota Memorial Hospital, Toyota, Japan
| | - Osamu Okochi
- Department of Surgery, Tosei General Hospital, Seto, Japan
| | - Masaki Sakamoto
- Department of Surgery, Nagoya Tokushukai General Hospital, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Akinobu Kondo
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan
| | - Naomi Konishi
- Department of Surgery, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Japan
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Suguru Yonezawa
- Department of Human Pathology, Field of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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9
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Niv Y, Boltin D, Halpern M, Cohen M, Levi Z, Vilkin A, Morgenstern S, Manugian V, Lawrence ES, Gagneux P, Kaur S, Sharma P, Batra SK, Ho SB. Membrane-bound mucins and mucin terminal glycans expression in idiopathic or Helicobacter pylori, NSAID associated peptic ulcers. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:14913-14920. [PMID: 25356051 PMCID: PMC4209554 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i40.14913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the expression of membrane-bound mucins and glycan side chain sialic acids in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated, non-steroidal inflammatory drug (NSAID)-associated and idiopathic-gastric ulcers.
METHODS: We studied a cohort of randomly selected patients with H. pylori (group 1, n = 30), NSAID (group 2, n = 18), combined H. pylori and NSAID associated gastric ulcers (group 3, n = 24), and patients with idiopathic gastric ulcers (group 4, n = 20). Immunohistochemistry for MUC1, MUC4, MUC17, and staining for Erythrina cristagalli agglutinin and Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) lectins was performed on sections from the ulcer margins.
RESULTS: Staining intensity of MUC17 was higher in H. pylori ulcers (group 1) than in idiopathic ulcers (group 4), 11.05 ± 3.67 vs 6.93 ± 4.00 for foveola cells, and 10.29 ± 4.67 vs 8.00 ± 3.48 for gland cells, respectively (P < 0.0001). In contrast, MUC1 expression was higher in group 4 compared group 1, 9.89 ± 4.17 vs 2.93 ± 5.13 in foveola cells and 7.63 ± 4.60 vs 2.57± 4.50 for glands, respectively (P < 0.0001). SNA lectin staining was increased in group 4, in parallel to elevated MUC1 expression, indicating more abundant α2-6 sialylation in that group.
CONCLUSION: Cytoplasmic MUC17 staining was significantly decreased in the cases with idiopathic ulcer. The opposite was observed for both MUC1 and SNA lectin. This observation may reflect important pathogenic mechanisms, since different mucins with altered sialylation patterns may differ in their protection efficiency against acid and pepsin.
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10
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Kaur S, Kumar S, Momi N, Sasson AR, Batra SK. Mucins in pancreatic cancer and its microenvironment. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 10:607-20. [PMID: 23856888 PMCID: PMC3934431 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2013.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains a lethal malignancy with poor prognosis owing to therapeutic resistance, frequent recurrence and the absence of treatment strategies that specifically target the tumour and its supporting stroma. Deregulated cell-surface proteins drive neoplastic transformations and are envisioned to mediate crosstalk between the tumour and its microenvironment. Emerging studies have elaborated on the role of mucins in diverse biological functions, including enhanced tumorigenicity, invasiveness, metastasis and drug resistance through their characteristic O-linked and N-linked oligosaccharides (glycans), extended structures and unique domains. Multiple mucin domains differentially interact and regulate different components of the tumour microenvironment. This Review discusses: the expression pattern of various mucins in the pancreas under healthy, inflammatory, and cancerous conditions; the context-dependent attributes of mucins that differ under healthy and pathological conditions; the contribution of the tumour microenvironment in pancreatic cancer development and/or progression; diagnostic and/or prognostic efficacy of mucins; and mucin-based therapeutic strategies. Overall, this information should help to delineate the intricacies of pancreatic cancer by exploring the family of mucins, which, through various mechanisms in both tumour cells and the microenvironment, worsen disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, 985870 Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, 985870 Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Navneet Momi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, 985870 Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Aaron R. Sasson
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, 985870 Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, 985870 Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
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11
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12
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Mizejewski GJ. Review of the adenocarcinoma cell surface receptor for human alpha-fetoprotein; proposed identification of a widespread mucin as the tumor cell receptor. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:1317-36. [PMID: 23446764 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0704-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of a tumor cell receptor for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has long been sought in the field of medicine. The uptake and endocytosis of AFP by rat tumor cells in 1983 sparked a series of confirmatory reports which were extended to include multiple tumor types in rats, mice, and humans. The following year, French investigators characterized the binding properties of the AFP receptor but they did not purify and characterize the receptor. It was not until 1991-1992 that an AFP receptor was partially purified and characterized from both human monocytes and breast cancer cells. By 1993, monoclonal antibodies had been raised against the "AFP receptor" derived from breast cancer extracts with claims that the receptor was a widespread oncoprotein biomarker for cancer. To date, that receptor has yet to be identified due to its complex multimeric structure and carbohydrate composition. The present report will review the literature of the multiple AFP receptors previously including their cellular uptake, transmembrane passage, and partial biochemical characterization. . In addition, evidence derived from computer modeling, proteolytic/fragmentation cleavage patterns, domain structure analysis, and protein binding software analysis will be presented in a proposed identification of a widespread protein/gene family of transmembrane proteins which fits many, if not most, of the criteria attributed to the AFP receptor. The proposed receptor protein family is tentatively identified as an epithelial cell surface mucin constituting one (or more) of many classes of single-pass transmembrane proteins. Present data do not support the concept that the AFP receptor is a "universal" tumor receptor and/or biomarker, but rather a widespread mucin protein that functions primarily in protecting and lubricating epithelial mucosal layers, and engaging in signal transduction; the mucin only binds AFP as a molecule serving in a subordinate or ancillary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Mizejewski
- Wadsworth Center, Division of Translational Medicine, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, 12201, USA.
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13
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Pan Q, Tian Y, Li X, Ye J, Liu Y, Song L, Yang Y, Zhu R, He Y, Chen L, Chen W, Mao X, Peng Z, Wang R. Enhanced membrane-tethered mucin 3 (MUC3) expression by a tetrameric branched peptide with a conserved TFLK motif inhibits bacteria adherence. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:5407-16. [PMID: 23316049 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.408245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether a synthetic tetrameric branched peptide based on the conserved TFLK motif from mammary-associated serum amyloid A3 (M-SAA3) is more efficient than the monomeric peptide at up-regulating MUC3 expression and examined the possible mechanism(s) and biological significance of this process. We used standard solid-phase methods to synthesize a tetrameric branched peptide (sequence GWLTFLKAAG) containing a trilysine core, termed the TFLK-containing 10-mer BP. The aberrant expression of transcription factors was analyzed using a transcription factor protein/DNA array. MUC3 and relevant transcription factors were detected using real-time PCR and/or Western blots. The luciferase assay, EMSA, and ChIP assays were used to analyze the activity of the human MUC3 promoter. The bacterial adherence assay was used to evaluate the in vitro inhibition of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli or enterohemorrhage E. coli serotype O157:H7 (EHEC O157:H7) adherence to HT-29-Gal cells after treatment with the TFLK-containing 10-mer BP. In HT-29-Gal cells, the TFLK-containing 10-mer BP induced higher levels of MUC3 expression than the M-SAA3-derived N-terminal 10-mer monomeric peptide, and MUC3 expression was activated through transcriptional mechanisms, including the induction of multiple transcription factors and further binding with their cis-elements between nucleotides -242 and -62 within MUC3 promoter. Interestingly, the TFLK-containing 10-mer BP dramatically inhibited enteropathogenic E. coli and EHEC O157:H7 adherence to the HT-29-Gal cells compared with the controls. This finding suggests a potential therapeutic use for this peptide to prevent gastrointestinal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038 China
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14
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Resta-Lenert S, Das S, Batra SK, Ho SB. Muc17 protects intestinal epithelial cells from enteroinvasive E. coli infection by promoting epithelial barrier integrity. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 300:G1144-55. [PMID: 21393431 PMCID: PMC3119115 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00138.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The membrane-bound mucin MUC17 (mouse homolog Muc3) is highly expressed on the apical surface of intestinal epithelia and is thought to play a role in epithelial restitution and protection. Therefore, we hypothesized that MUC17 has a role in protection of the intestinal mucosa against luminal pathogens. Human intestinal cell lines were transfected by electroporation (Caco-2 and HT 29/19A) and by retroviral expression vector (LS174T, a cell line with high levels of MUC17 expression) using MUC17 siRNA. Transepithelial electrical resistance, permeability, tight-junction protein expression, adhesion, and invasion in response to enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) were measured in all cell lines. In some experiments, the effect of the addition of exogenous purified crude mucin or recombinant Muc3 cysteine-rich domain protein (Muc3 CRD1-L-CRD2) as preventative or protective treatment was tested. Reduction of endogenous MUC17 is associated with increased permeability, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2 induction, and enhanced bacterial invasion in response to EIEC exposure. Bacterial adhesion is not affected. Exogenous mucin (Muc3) and recombinant Muc3CRD treatment had a small but significant effect in attenuating the effects of EIEC infection. In conclusion, these data suggest that both native and exogenous MUC17 play a role in attachment and invasion of EIEC in colonic cell lines and in maintaining epithelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Srustidhar Das
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska, Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska, Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Samuel B. Ho
- 1Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, and VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California;
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15
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Peng Z, He Y, Yang Y, Zhu R, Bai J, Li Y, Yu H, Zhang X, Chen L, Chen W, Fang D, Wang R. Autoproteolysis of the SEA module of rMuc3 C-terminal domain modulates its functional composition. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 503:238-47. [PMID: 20727344 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
rMuc3 is a typical transmembrane mucin and contains a 174 amino acid domain called an SEA module in its C-terminal domain which is cleaved in eukaryotic cells. However, the mechanism by which the rMuc3 SEA module is proteolyzed and its biological significance has to be elucidated. In this study, we showed that the rMuc3 C-terminal domain was cleaved at LSKGSIVV motif within SEA module in prokaryotic cells, the time-dependence of the cleavage was found in the purified rMuc3 C-terminal domain carrying a mutated LSKASIVV motif expressed in bacteria. Thus, the cleavage of rMuc3 SEA module depended on autoproteolysis. The autoproteolysis of the SEA module of rMuc3 C-terminal domain played a critical role in the migration and invasion of the LoVo human colon cancer cells with rMuc3 C-terminal domain in vitro. The rMuc3 C-terminal domain induced a significant activation of HER/ErbB2 phosphorylated form (py1248) in LoVo cells. Inhibition of the phosphorylation by gefitinib (ZD1839) did attenuate migration and invasion of LoVo cells with rMuc3 C-terminal domain. Thus, rMuc3 C-terminal domain undergoes autoproteolysis at its SEA module, which maintains its availability for the potentiation of the signaling process that is modulated by HER/ErbB2 phosphorylation to promote the migration and invasion of LoVo cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Peng
- Institute of Gastroenterology of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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16
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Luu Y, Junker W, Rachagani S, Das S, Batra SK, Heinrikson RL, Shekels LL, Ho SB. Human intestinal MUC17 mucin augments intestinal cell restitution and enhances healing of experimental colitis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 42:996-1006. [PMID: 20211273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 02/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The membrane-bound mucins, MUC17 (human) and Muc3 (mouse), are highly expressed on the apical surface of intestinal epithelia and are thought to be cytoprotective. The extracellular regions of these mucins contain EGF-like Cys-rich segments (CRD1 and CRD2) connected by an intervening linker domain (L). The purpose of this study was to determine the functional activity of human MUC17 membrane-bound mucin. METHODS Endogenous MUC17 was inhibited in LS174T colon cells by stable transfection of a small hairpin RNA targeting MUC17 (LSsi cells). The effect of recombinant MUC17-CRD1-L-CRD2 protein on migration, apoptosis, and experimental colitis was determined. RESULTS Reduced MUC17 expression in LSsi cells was associated with visibly reduced cell aggregation, reduced cell-cell adherence, and reduced cell migration, but no change in tumorigenicity. LSsi cells also demonstrated a 3.7-fold increase in apoptosis rates compared with control cells following treatment with etoposide. Exposure of colonic cell lines to exogenous recombinant MUC17-CRD1-L-CRD2 protein significantly increased cell migration and inhibited apoptosis. As a marker of biologic activity, MUC17-CRD1-L-CRD2 proteins stimulate ERK phosphorylation in colonic cell lines; and inhibition of ERK phosphorylation reduced the anti-apoptosis and migratory effect of MUC17-CRD1-L-CRD2. Finally, mice treated with MUC17-CRD1-L-CRD2 protein given per rectum demonstrated accelerated healing in acetic acid and dextran sodium sulfate induced colitis in vivo. These data indicate that both native MUC17 and the exogenous recombinant cysteine-rich domain of MUC17 play a role in diverse cellular mechanisms related to cell restitution, and suggest a potential role for MUC17-CRD1-L-CRD2 recombinant protein in the treatment of mucosal inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luu
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System and University of California San Diego, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, United States
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