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Cárdenas-Moreno Y, González-Bacerio J, García Arellano H, Del Monte-Martínez A. Oxidoreductase enzymes: Characteristics, applications, and challenges as a biocatalyst. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:2108-2135. [PMID: 37753743 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Oxidoreductases are enzymes with distinctive characteristics that favor their use in different areas, such as agriculture, environmental management, medicine, and analytical chemistry. Among these enzymes, oxidases, dehydrogenases, peroxidases, and oxygenases are very interesting. Because their substrate diversity, they can be used in different biocatalytic processes by homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Immobilization of these enzymes has favored their use in the solution of different biotechnological problems, with a notable increase in the study and optimization of this technology in the last years. In this review, the main structural and catalytical features of oxidoreductases, their substrate specificity, immobilization, and usage in biocatalytic processes, such as bioconversion, bioremediation, and biosensors obtainment, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosberto Cárdenas-Moreno
- Laboratory for Enzyme Technology, Centre for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | - Jorge González-Bacerio
- Laboratory for Enzyme Technology, Centre for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | - Humberto García Arellano
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Division of Health and Biological Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Lerma, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Alberto Del Monte-Martínez
- Laboratory for Enzyme Technology, Centre for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
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2
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Cheropkina H, Catucci G, Cesano F, Marucco A, Gilardi G, Sadeghi SJ. Bioelectrochemical platform with human monooxygenases: FMO1 and CYP3A4 tandem reactions with phorate. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 150:108327. [PMID: 36446195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is highly advantageous to devise an in vitro platform that can predict the complexity of an in vivo system. The first step of this process is the identification of a xenobiotic whose monooxygenation is carried out by two sequential enzymatic reactions. Pesticides are a good model for this type of tandem reactions since in specific cases they are initially metabolised by human flavin-containing monooxygenase 1 (hFMO1), followed by cytochrome P450 (CYP). To assess the feasibility of such an in vitro platform, hFMO1 is immobilised on glassy carbon electrodes modified with graphene oxide (GO) and cationic surfactant didecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB). UV-vis, contact angle and AFM measurements support the effective decoration of the GO sheets by DDAB which appear as 3 nm thick structures. hFMO1 activity on the bioelectrode versus three pesticides; fenthion, methiocarb and phorate, lead to the expected sulfoxide products with KM values of 29.5 ± 5.1, 38.4 ± 7.5, 29.6 ± 4.1 µM, respectively. Moreover, phorate is subsequently tested in a tandem system with hFMO1 and CYP3A4 resulting in both phorate sulfoxide as well as phoratoxon sulfoxide. The data demonstrate the feasibility of using bioelectrochemical platforms to mimic the complex metabolic reactions of xenobiotics within the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Cheropkina
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina, Torino 10123, Italy
| | - Gianluca Catucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina, Torino 10123, Italy
| | - Federico Cesano
- Department of Chemistry & INSTM-UdR Torino, Via Giuria 7, Torino 10125, Italy; Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces, University of Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Arianna Marucco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina, Torino 10123, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gilardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina, Torino 10123, Italy; Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces, University of Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Sheila J Sadeghi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina, Torino 10123, Italy; Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces, University of Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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3
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Bortolussi S, Catucci G, Gilardi G, Sadeghi SJ. N- and S-oxygenation activity of truncated human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 and its common polymorphic variants. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 697:108663. [PMID: 33152328 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) is a membrane-bound, phase I drug metabolizing enzyme. It is highly polymorphic with some of its variants demonstrating differences in rates of turnover of its substrates: xenobiotics including drugs as well as dietary compounds. In order to measure its in vitro activity and compare any differences between the wild type enzyme and its polymorphic variants, we undertook a systematic study using different engineered proteins, heterologously expressed in bacteria, purified and catalytically characterized with 3 different substrates. These included the full-length as well as the more soluble C-terminal truncated versions of the common polymorphic variants (E158K, V257M and E308G) of FMO3 in addition to the full-length and truncated wild-type proteins. In vitro activity assays were performed with benzydamine, tamoxifen and sulindac sulfide, whose products were measured by HPLC. Differences in catalytic properties between the wild-type FMO3 and its common polymorphic variants were similar to those observed with the truncated, more soluble versions of the enzymes. Interestingly, the truncated enzymes were better catalysts than the full-length proteins. The data obtained point to the feasibility of using the more soluble forms of this enzyme for in vitro drug assays as well as future biotechnological applications possibly in high throughput systems such as bioelectrochemical platforms and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Bortolussi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Italy; School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, UK.
| | - Gianluca Catucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Gilardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Italy.
| | - Sheila J Sadeghi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Italy.
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Mahdizadeh Barzoki Z, Emam-Djomeh Z, Mortazavian E, Rafiee-Tehrani N, Behmadi H, Rafiee-Tehrani M, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Determination of diffusion coefficient for released nanoparticles from developed gelatin/chitosan bilayered buccal films. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:1005-1013. [PMID: 29408415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at the mathematical optimization by Box-Behnken statistical design, fabrication by ionic gelation technique and in vitro characterization of insulin nanoparticles containing thiolated N- dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC-Cys) conjugate. Then Optimized insulin nanoparticles were loaded into the buccal film, and in-vitro drug release from films was investigated, and diffusion coefficient was predicted. The optimized nanoparticles were shown to have mean particle size diameter of 148nm, zeta potential of 15.5mV, PdI of 0.26 and AE of 97.56%. Cell viability after incubation with optimized nanoparticles and films were assessed using an MTT biochemical assay. In vitro release study, FTIR and cytotoxicity also indicated that nanoparticles made of this thiolated polymer are suitable candidates for oral insulin delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mahdizadeh Barzoki
- Transfer Phenomena Laboratory (TPL), Department of Food Science, Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, PO Box: 4111, 31587-11167 Karaj, Iran
| | - Zahra Emam-Djomeh
- Transfer Phenomena Laboratory (TPL), Department of Food Science, Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, PO Box: 4111, 31587-11167 Karaj, Iran; Center of Excellence for Application of Modern Technologies for Producing Functional Foods and Drinks, Iran.
| | | | | | - Homa Behmadi
- Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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Ramana P, Schejbal J, Houthoofd K, Martens J, Adams E, Augustijns P, Glatz Z, Van Schepdael A. An improved design to capture magnetic microparticles for capillary electrophoresis based immobilized microenzyme reactors. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:981-988. [PMID: 29315710 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of a new 3D printed magnet holder that enables capture of magnetic microparticles in commercially available capillary electrophoresis equipment with a liquid or air based coolant system. The design as well as the method to capture magnetic microparticles inside the capillary are discussed. This setup was tested at temperature and pH values suitable for performing enzymatic reactions. To demonstrate its applicability in CE- immobilized microenzyme reactors (IMER) development, human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 and bovine serum albumin were immobilized on amino functionalized magnetic microparticles using glutaraldehyde. These microparticles were subsequently used to perform in-line capillary electrophoresis with clozapine as a model substrate. This setup could be used further to establish CE-IMERs of other drug metabolic enzymes in a commercially available liquid based capillary coolant system. The CE-IMER setup was successful, although a subsequent decrease in enzyme activity was observed on repeated runs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranov Ramana
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Schejbal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristof Houthoofd
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Martens
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erwin Adams
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zdenĕk Glatz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Inactivation mechanism of N61S mutant of human FMO3 towards trimethylamine. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14668. [PMID: 29116146 PMCID: PMC5676948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (hFMO3) catalyses the oxygenation of a wide variety of compounds including drugs as well as dietary compounds. It is the major hepatic enzyme involved in the production of the N-oxide of trimethylamine (TMAO) and clinical studies have uncovered a striking correlation between plasma TMAO concentration and cardiovascular disease. Certain mutations within the hFMO3 gene cause defective trimethylamine (TMA) N-oxygenation leading to trimethylaminuria (TMAU) also known as fish-odour syndrome. In this paper, the inactivation mechanism of a TMAU-causing polymorphic variant, N61S, is investigated. Transient kinetic experiments show that this variant has a > 170-fold lower NADPH binding affinity than the wild type. Thermodynamic and spectroscopic experiments reveal that the poor NADP+ binding affinity accelerates the C4a-hydroperoxyFAD intermediate decay, responsible for an unfavourable oxygen transfer to the substrate. Steady-state kinetic experiments show significantly decreased N61S catalytic activity towards other substrates; methimazole, benzydamine and tamoxifen. The in vitro data are corroborated by in silico data where compared to the wild type enzyme, a hydrogen bond required for the stabilisation of the flavin intermediate is lacking. Taken together, the data presented reveal the molecular basis for the loss of function observed in N61S mutant.
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7
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Catucci G, Polignano I, Cusumano D, Medana C, Gilardi G, Sadeghi SJ. Identification of human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 substrates by a colorimetric screening assay. Anal Biochem 2017; 522:46-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Evaluation of immobilized hFMO3 on magnetic nanoparticles by capillary zone electrophoresis. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:289-296. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: In this paper, we developed a method to immobilize human flavin-containing monooxygenase-3 (hFMO3) using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker onto amino-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. Materials & methods: All the analyses were done using capillary electrophoresis coupled with a diode array detector using clozapine as a substrate. Results: The apparent Km with clozapine as substrate and inhibition of hFMO3 by methimazole were explored for immobilized hFMO3 and were found to be comparable to literature values. The immobilized enzyme could be used three-times continuously at 37°C with no loss in enzyme activity. Conclusion: A method to immobilize hFMO3 on magnetic nanoparticles has been described and evaluated in terms of enzyme activity, inhibition, pH stability and reusability.
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9
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Castrignanò S, Bortolussi S, Catucci G, Gholami O, Valetti F, Gilardi G, Sadeghi SJ. Bioelectrochemical profiling of two common polymorphic variants of human FMO3 in presence of graphene oxide. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.01.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Chemical applications of Class B flavoprotein monooxygenases. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-016-0583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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11
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Human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3: Structural mapping of gene polymorphisms and insights into molecular basis of drug binding. Gene 2016; 593:91-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Kuzikov AV, Masamrekh RA, Khatri Y, Zavialova MG, Bernhardt R, Archakov AI, Shumyantseva VV. Scrutiny of electrochemically-driven electrocatalysis of C-19 steroid 1α-hydroxylase (CYP260A1) from Sorangium cellulosum So ce56. Anal Biochem 2016; 513:28-35. [PMID: 27567992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis of a newly discovered C-19 steroid 1α-hydroxylase (CYP260A1) from the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum So ce56 were investigated. CYP260A1 was immobilized on screen-printed graphite electrodes (SPE) modified with gold nanoparticles, stabilized by didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (SPE/DDAB/Au). Cyclic voltammograms in argon-saturated substrate free 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, and in enzyme-substrate complex with androstenedione demonstrated a redox processes with a single redox couple of E(0') of -299 ± 16 mV and -297.5 ± 21 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl), respectively. CYP260A1 exhibited an electrocatalytic activity detected by an increase of the reduction current in the presence of dissolved oxygen and upon addition of the substrate (androstenedione) in the air-saturated buffer. The catalytic current of the enzyme correlated with substrate concentration in the electrochemical system and this dependence can be described by electrochemical Michaelis-Menten model. The products of CYP260A1-depended electrolysis at controlled working electrode potential of androstenedione were analyzed by mass-spectrometry. MS analysis revealed a mono-hydroxylated product of CYP260A1-dependent electrocatalytic reaction towards androstenedione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Kuzikov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, Moscow 119121, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov Street, 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Rami A Masamrekh
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, Moscow 119121, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov Street, 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Yogan Khatri
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Saarbruecken 66123, Germany
| | - Maria G Zavialova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Rita Bernhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Saarbruecken 66123, Germany
| | - Alexander I Archakov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, Moscow 119121, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov Street, 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Victoria V Shumyantseva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, Moscow 119121, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov Street, 1, Moscow 117997, Russia.
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Preparation and characterization of a novel conformed bipolymer paclitaxel-nanoparticle using tea polysaccharides and zein. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 146:52-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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14
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Rua F, Sadeghi SJ, Castrignanò S, Valetti F, Gilardi G. Electrochemistry of Canis familiaris cytochrome P450 2D15 with gold nanoparticles: An alternative to animal testing in drug discovery. Bioelectrochemistry 2015; 105:110-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Castrignanò S, Valetti F, Gilardi G, Sadeghi SJ. Graphene oxide-mediated electrochemistry of glucose oxidase on glassy carbon electrodes. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 63:157-62. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Castrignanò
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Francesca Valetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gilardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Torino; Torino Italy
- Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Sheila J. Sadeghi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Torino; Torino Italy
- Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces; University of Torino; Torino Italy
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16
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Castrignanò S, Gilardi G, Sadeghi SJ. Human Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase 3 on Graphene Oxide for Drug Metabolism Screening. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2974-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504535y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Castrignanò
- Department
of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia
Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gilardi
- Department
of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia
Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
- Centre
for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces, University of Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Sheila J. Sadeghi
- Department
of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia
Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
- Centre
for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces, University of Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
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17
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Castrignanò S, Ortolani A, Sadeghi SJ, Di Nardo G, Allegra P, Gilardi G. Electrochemical detection of human cytochrome P450 2A6 inhibition: a step toward reducing dependence on smoking. Anal Chem 2014; 86:2760-6. [PMID: 24527722 DOI: 10.1021/ac4041839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 2A6 has been demonstrated to play an important role in nicotine metabolism and consequent smoking habits. Here, the "molecular Lego" approach was used to achieve the first reported electrochemical signal of human CYP2A6 and to improve its catalytic efficiency on electrode surfaces. The enzyme was fused at the genetic level to flavodoxin from Desulfovibrio vulgaris (FLD) to create the chimeric CYP2A6-FLD. Electrochemical characterization by cyclic voltammetry shows clearly defined redox transitions of the haem domain in both CYP2A6 and CYP2A6-FLD. Electrocatalysis experiments using coumarin as substrate followed by fluorimetric quantification of the product were performed with immobilized CYP2A6 and CYP2A6-FLD. Comparison of the kinetic parameters showed that coumarin catalysis was carried out with a higher efficiency by the immobilized CYP2A6-FLD, with a calculated kcat value significantly higher (P < 0.005) than that of CYP2A6, whereas the affinity for the substrate (KM) remained unaltered. The chimeric system was also successfully used to demonstrate the inhibition of the electrochemical activity of the immobilized CYP2A6-FLD, toward both coumarin and nicotine substrates, by tranylcypromine, a potent and selective CYP2A6 inhibitor. This work shows that CYP2A6 turnover efficiency is improved when the protein is linked to the FLD redox module, and this strategy can be utilized for the development of new clinically relevant biotechnological approaches suitable for deciphering the metabolic implications of CYP2A6 polymorphism and for the screening of CYP2A6 substrates and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Castrignanò
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino , 10123 Torino, Italy
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18
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Effect of human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 polymorphism on the metabolism of aurora kinase inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:2707-16. [PMID: 23358255 PMCID: PMC3588010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14022707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora kinases were recently identified as a potential target in anticancer therapy and, amongst their available inhibitors, Tozasertib (VX-680) and Danusertib (PHA-739358) have been indicated as possible substrates of human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (hFMO3). Here we report the in vitro rate of oxidation of these drugs by wild-type hFMO3 and its polymorphic variant V257M. The conversion of Tozasertib and Danusertib to their corresponding metabolites, identified by LC-MS, by the purified wild-type and V257M hFMO3 show significant differences. In the case of Tozasertib, the V257M variant shows a catalytic efficiency, expressed as kcat/Km, similar to the wild-type: 0.39 ± 0.06 min−1μM−1 for V257M compared to 0.33 ± 0.04 min−1μM−1 for the wild type. On the other hand, in the case of Danusertib, V257M shows a 3.4× decrease in catalytic efficiency with kcat/Km values of 0.05 ± 0.01 min−1μM−1 for V257M and 0.17 ± 0.03 min−1μM−1 for the wild type. These data reveal how a simple V257M substitution ascribed to a single nucleotide polymorphism affects the N-oxidation of relevant anticancer drugs, with important outcome in their therapeutic effects. These findings demonstrate that codon 257 is important for activity of the hFMO3 gene and the codon change V to M has an effect on the catalytic efficiency of this enzyme.
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