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Alghazali R, Nugud A, El-Serafi A. Glycan Modifications as Regulators of Stem Cell Fate. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:76. [PMID: 38392295 PMCID: PMC10886185 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a process where proteins or lipids are modified with glycans. The presence of glycans determines the structure, stability, and localization of glycoproteins, thereby impacting various biological processes, including embryogenesis, intercellular communication, and disease progression. Glycans can influence stem cell behavior by modulating signaling molecules that govern the critical aspects of self-renewal and differentiation. Furthermore, being located at the cell surface, glycans are utilized as markers for stem cell pluripotency and differentiation state determination. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current literature, focusing on the effect of glycans on stem cells with a reflection on the application of synthetic glycans in directing stem cell differentiation. Additionally, this review will serve as a primer for researchers seeking a deeper understanding of how synthetic glycans can be used to control stem cell differentiation, which may help establish new approaches to guide stem cell differentiation into specific lineages. Ultimately, this knowledge can facilitate the identification of efficient strategies for advancing stem cell-based therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghad Alghazali
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Nugud
- Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi 51900, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed El-Serafi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
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2
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Schöbel L, Boccaccini AR. A review of glycosaminoglycan-modified electrically conductive polymers for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:45-65. [PMID: 37532132 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The application areas of electrically conductive polymers have been steadily growing since their discovery in the late 1970s. Recently, electrically conductive polymers have found their way into biomedicine, allowing the realization of many relevant applications ranging from bioelectronics to scaffolds for tissue engineering. Extracellular matrix components, such as glycosaminoglycans, build an important class of biomaterials that are heavily researched for biomedical applications due to their favorable properties. Due to their highly anionic character and the presence of sulfate groups in glycosaminoglycans, these biomolecules can be employed to functionalize conductive polymers, which enables the tailorability and improvement of cell-material interactions of conductive polymers. This review paper gives an overview of recent research on glycosaminoglycan-modified conductive polymers intended for biomedical applications and discusses the effect of different biological dopants on material characteristics, such as surface roughness, stiffness, and electrochemical properties. Moreover, the key findings of the biological characterization in vitro and in vivo are summarized, and remaining challenges in the field, particularly related to the modification of electrically conductive polymers with glycosaminoglycans to achieve improved functional and biological outcomes, are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The development of functional biomaterials based on electrically conductive polymers (CPs) for various biomedical applications, such as neural regeneration, drug delivery, or bioelectronics, has been increasingly investigated over the last decades. Recent literature has shown that changes in the synthesis procedure or the chosen dopant could adjust the resulting material characteristics. Hence, an interesting approach lies in using natural biomolecules as dopants for CPs to tailor the biological outcome. This review comprehensively summarizes the state of the art in the field of glycosaminoglycan-modified electrically conductive polymers for the first time, particularly highlighting the effect of the chosen dopant on material characteristics, such as surface morphology or stiffness, electrochemical properties, and consequently, cell-material interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schöbel
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Al Mahbuba D, Masuko S, Wang S, Syangtan D, Kang JS, Song Y, Shin TW, Xia K, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Boyden ES, Kiessling LL. Dynamic Changes in Heparan Sulfate Nanostructure in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation. ACS NANO 2023; 17:7207-7218. [PMID: 37042659 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a heterogeneous, cell-surface polysaccharide critical for transducing signals essential for mammalian development. Imaging of signaling proteins has revealed how their localization influences their information transfer. In contrast, the contribution of the spatial distribution and nanostructure of information-rich, signaling polysaccharides like HS is not known. Using expansion microscopy (ExM), we found striking changes in HS nanostructure occur as human pluripotent stem (hPS) cells differentiate, and these changes correlate with growth factor signaling. Our imaging studies show that undifferentiated hPS cells are densely coated with HS displayed as hair-like protrusions. This ultrastructure can recruit fibroblast growth factor for signaling. When the hPS cells differentiate into the ectoderm lineage, HS is localized into dispersed puncta. This striking change in HS distribution coincides with a decrease in fibroblast growth factor binding to neural cells. While developmental variations in HS sequence were thought to be the primary driver of alterations in HS-mediated growth factor signaling, our high-resolution images indicate a role for the HS nanostructure. Our study highlights the utility of high-resolution glycan imaging using ExM. In the case of HS, we found that changes in how the polysaccharide is displayed link to profound differences in growth factor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Al Mahbuba
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sayaka Masuko
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shiwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Deepsing Syangtan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeong Seuk Kang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yuefan Song
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Tay Won Shin
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ke Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Edward S Boyden
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Koch Institute, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Centers for Neurobiological Engineering and Extreme Bionics, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Laura L Kiessling
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Koch Institute, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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de Souza Fonseca PA, Suárez-Vega A, Cánovas A. Unrevealing functional candidate genes for bovine fertility through RNA sequencing meta-analysis and regulatory elements networks of co-expressed genes and lncRNAs. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:1361-1376. [PMID: 36001276 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00893-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The high genetic heterogeneity and environmental effects of subfertility in livestock species make the elucidation of the genetic mechanisms associated with reproductive efficiency a difficult task. Network and co-expression network meta-analyses were applied alongside genetic variant calling and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) characterization to identify functionally relevant target genes and regulatory subnetworks associated with fertility in dairy cattle. In total, 505 lncRNAs (441 previously annotated in the bovine reference genome ARS-UCD 1.2 and 64 novel lncRNAs) were identified. Seven differentially expressed genes between high-fertile (HF) and sub-fertile (SF) Holstein cows were identified in the network meta-analysis (CA5A, ENSBTAG00000051149, ENSBTAG00000003272, DEFB7, DIO2, TRPV3, and COL4A4). Additionally, seven functional candidate differentially co-expressed (DcoExp) modules with a differential regulatory pattern (|z-score|>2) were identified between HF and SF cows. The functional candidate genes and DcoExp modules identified were associated with fertility relevant processes such as the regulation of embryonic implantation and proliferation, interaction and molecule transfer between the fetus and the cow, and the immune system. These results help to better understand the genetic mechanisms associated with reproductive efficiency in dairy cattle through the identification of potential biomarkers and genetic variants associated with differentially expressed regulatory gene and lncRNAs regulatory element networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Augusto de Souza Fonseca
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Aroa Suárez-Vega
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Angela Cánovas
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Chang WM, Li LJ, Chiu IA, Lai TC, Chang YC, Tsai HF, Yang CJ, Huang MS, Su CY, Lai TL, Jan YH, Hsiao M. The aberrant cancer metabolic gene carbohydrate sulfotransferase 11 promotes non-small cell lung cancer cell metastasis via dysregulation of ceruloplasmin and intracellular iron balance. Transl Oncol 2022; 25:101508. [PMID: 35985204 PMCID: PMC9418604 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis pathway and CHST11, a key chondroitin sulfate biosynthetic enzyme, were up-regulated in NSCLC metastasis. The enzymatic activity of CHST11 confers NSCLC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. CHST11 and its downstream effector, CP facilities NSCLC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. CHST11 promotes NSCLC metastasis via CP-iron metabolism. The CHST11-CP-iron axis may serve as a new therapeutic target against NSCLC metastasis.
Aberrant metabolism has been proposed as one of the emerging hallmarks of cancer. However, the interplay between metabolic disorders and cancer metastasis remains to be defined. To explore the sophisticated metabolic processes during metastatic progression, we analyzed differentially expressed metabolic genes during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lung cancer cells and defined the EMT-associated metabolic gene signature in lung adenocarcinoma patients. We found that the glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-chondroitin sulfate (CS) biosynthesis pathway was upregulated in the mesenchymal state of lung cancer and associated with poor prognosis. Notably, carbohydrate sulfotransferase 11 (CHST11), a crucial CS biosynthetic enzyme, was confirmed as a poor prognosis marker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by immunohistochemical analysis. Moreover, forced CHST11 expression promoted invasion and metastasis, which was abolished by depleting the final product of CS biosynthesis by chondroitinase ABC treatment or active-domain negative CHST11. In vivo metastasis mouse models showed that CHST11 increased lung colonies number and sulfated mucosubstance expression. Furthermore, microarray analysis revealed ceruloplasmin (CP), which facilitated iron metabolism, was the downstream effector of CHST11. CP was upregulated by CHST11 through interferon-γ signaling pathway stimulation and related to unfavorable prognosis. Both forced CP expression and long-term iron treatment increased invasion and lung colony formation. Furthermore, we found 3-AP, an iron chelator, hampered the CHST11-induced metastasis. Our findings implicate that the novel CHST11-CP-iron axis enhances EMT and may serve as a new therapeutic target to treat NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Min Chang
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jie Li
- PhD. Program in School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-An Chiu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ching Lai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Jen Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Yi-Hua Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; PhD. Program of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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CHST15 gene germline mutation is associated with the development of familial myeloproliferative neoplasms and higher transformation risk. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:586. [PMID: 35798703 PMCID: PMC9263130 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05035-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the clinical and hematological features of three genetically related families predisposed to myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified a c.1367delG mutation(p.Arg456fs) in CHST15 (NM_001270764), a gene encoding a type II transmembraneglycoproteinthat acts as a sulfotransferase and participates in the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate E, in germline and somatic cells in familial MPN. CHST15defects caused an increased JAK2V617F allele burden and upregulated p-Stat3 activity,leading to an increase in the proliferative and prodifferentiation potential of transgenic HEL cells. We demonstrated that mutant CHST15 is able to coimmmunoprecipitate the JAK2 protein,suggesting the presence of a CHST15-JAK2-Stat3 signaling axis in familial MPN. Gene expression profiling showed that the FREM1, IFI27 and C4B_2 genes are overexpressed in familial MPN, suggesting the activation of an "inflammatory response-extracellular matrix-immune regulation" signaling network in the CHST15 mutation background.We thus concluded that CHST15 is a novel gene that predisposes to familial MPN and increases the probability of disease development or transformation.
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Abstract
Multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to stem and neuronal precursor cell maintenance and/or differentiation. Proteoglycans, major residents of the stem cell microenvironment, modulate key signaling cues and are of particular importance. The complexity and diversity of the glycan structure of proteoglycans make their functional characterization a challenging task. In order to test the functional role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in cell self-renewal, maintenance, and differentiation, we have taken a loss-of-function approach by developing a library of both biosynthetic and degradative enzymes to specifically remodel the ECM.
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8
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Disease-specific glycosaminoglycan patterns in the extracellular matrix of human lung and brain. Carbohydr Res 2021; 511:108480. [PMID: 34837849 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of diseases throughout the mammalian organism is characterized by abnormal deposition of various components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), including the heterogeneous family of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which contribute considerably to the ECM architecture as part of the so-called proteoglycans. The GAG's unique sulfation pattern, derived from highly dynamic and specific modification processes, has a massive impact on critical mediators such as cytokines and growth factors. Due to the strong connection between the specific sulfation pattern and GAG function, slight alterations of this pattern are often associated with enormous changes at the cell as well as at the organ level. This review aims to investigate the connection between modifications of GAG sulfation patterns and the wide range of pathological conditions, mainly focusing on a range of chronic diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) as well as the respiratory tract.
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The Influences of Sulphation, Salt Type, and Salt Concentration on the Structural Heterogeneity of Glycosaminoglycans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111529. [PMID: 34768961 PMCID: PMC8583755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing recognition of the biochemical importance of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) has in recent times made them the center of attention of recent research investigations. It became evident that subtle conformational factors play an important role in determining the relationship between the chemical composition of GAGs and their activity. Therefore, a thorough understanding of their structural flexibility is needed, which is addressed in this work by means of all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Four major GAGs with different substitution patterns, namely hyaluronic acid as unsulphated GAG, heparan-6-sulphate, chondroitin-4-sulphate, and chondroitin-6-sulphate, were investigated to elucidate the influence of sulphation on the dynamical features of GAGs. Moreover, the effects of increasing NaCl and KCl concentrations were studied as well. Different structural parameters were determined from the MD simulations, in combination with a presentation of the free energy landscape of the GAG conformations, which allowed us to unravel the conformational fingerprints unique to each GAG. The largest effects on the GAG structures were found for sulphation at position 6, as well as binding of the metal ions in the absence of chloride ions to the carboxylate and sulphate groups, which both increase the GAG conformational flexibility.
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Katagiri T, Uemura S, Ushiki T, Nakajima-Takagi Y, Oshima M, Mikami T, Kawasaki A, Ishiguro H, Tanaka T, Sone H, Kitagawa H, Igarashi M, Iwama A, Masuko M. Distinct effects of chondroitin sulfate on hematopoietic cells and the stromal microenvironment in bone marrow hematopoiesis. Exp Hematol 2021; 96:52-62.e5. [PMID: 33582241 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, known as the BM niche, regulates hematopoiesis but is also affected by interactions with hematopoietic cells. Recent evidence indicates that extracellular matrix components are involved in these interactions. Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a glycosaminoglycan, is a major component of the extracellular matrix; however, it is not known whether CS has a physiological role in hematopoiesis. Here, we analyzed the functions of CS in hematopoietic and niche cells. CSGalNAcT1, which encodes CS N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-1 (T1), a key enzyme in CS biosynthesis, was highly expressed in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), but not in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in BM. In T1 knockout (T1KO) mice, a greater number of HSPCs existed compared with the wild-type (WT), but HSPCs from T1KO mice showed significantly impaired repopulation in WT recipient mice on serial transplantation. RNA sequence analysis revealed the activation of IFN-α/β signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress in T1KO HSPCs. In contrast, the number of WT HSPCs repopulated in T1KO recipient mice was larger than that in WT recipient mice after serial transplantation, indicating that the T1KO niche supports repopulation of HSPCs better than the WT niche. There was no obvious difference in the distribution of vasculature and MSCs between WT and T1KO BM, suggesting that CS loss alters vascular niche functions without affecting its structure. Our results revealed distinct roles of CS in hematopoietic cells and BM niche, indicating that crosstalk between these components is important to maintain homeostasis in BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Katagiri
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shun Uemura
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ushiki
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yaeko Nakajima-Takagi
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Oshima
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadahisa Mikami
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Asami Kawasaki
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hajime Ishiguro
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tanaka
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Igarashi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Masuko
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan.
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Sulfated glycosaminoglycans in decellularized placenta matrix as critical regulators for cutaneous wound healing. Acta Biomater 2021; 122:199-210. [PMID: 33453408 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal-related tissues, such as the placenta, umbilical cord, and amniotic membrane, are generally discarded after delivery and are increasingly attracting attention as alternative sources for decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) isolation. Recent studies indicate that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the dECM play key roles during tissue regeneration. However, the dECM is organ specific, and the glycosaminoglycanomics of dECMs from perinatal tissues and the regulatory function of GAGs have been poorly investigated. In this study, we explored the glycosaminoglycanomics of dECMs from the placenta, umbilical cord and amniotic membrane. We hypothesized that the therapeutic effects of dECMs are related to the detailed composition of GAGs. Hydrogels of dECM derived from perinatal tissues were generated, and glycosaminoglycanomics analysis was employed to identify the cues that promote tissue repair and regeneration in a murine cutaneous wound-healing model. We utilized highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for glycosaminoglycanomics analysis. Our results revealed that placenta-derived dECM (PL-dECM) hydrogel has higher contents of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and heparan sulfate (HS). In addition, molecular imaging showed that the PL-dECM hydrogel exerted the best anti-inflammatory and proangiogenic effects in the skin wound healing model. Further in vitro analyses demonstrated that CS with 6-O-sulfo group (CS-6S) has an anti-inflammatory effect, while HS with 6-O-sulfo group (HS-6S) plays a crucial role in angiogenesis. In conclusion, this study highlights the critical roles of GAGs in perinatal tissue-derived dECMs by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting inflammation and indicates that it is feasible to utilize 6-sulfated GAG-enriched placental dECM hydrogel as an attractive candidate for tissue engineering and drug delivery.
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12
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Ravikumar M, Smith RAA, Nurcombe V, Cool SM. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans: Key Mediators of Stem Cell Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:581213. [PMID: 33330458 PMCID: PMC7710810 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.581213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are an evolutionarily ancient subclass of glycoproteins with exquisite structural complexity. They are ubiquitously expressed across tissues and have been found to exert a multitude of effects on cell behavior and the surrounding microenvironment. Evidence has shown that heterogeneity in HSPG composition is crucial to its functions as an essential scaffolding component in the extracellular matrix as well as a vital cell surface signaling co-receptor. Here, we provide an overview of the significance of HSPGs as essential regulators of stem cell function. We discuss the various roles of HSPGs in distinct stem cell types during key physiological events, from development through to tissue homeostasis and regeneration. The contribution of aberrant HSPG production to altered stem cell properties and dysregulated cellular homeostasis characteristic of cancer is also reviewed. Finally, we consider approaches to better understand and exploit the multifaceted functions of HSPGs in influencing stem cell characteristics for cell therapy and associated culture expansion strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maanasa Ravikumar
- Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond Alexander Alfred Smith
- Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Victor Nurcombe
- Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University-Imperial College London, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Simon M Cool
- Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Sart S, Jeske R, Chen X, Ma T, Li Y. Engineering Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Matrices: Decellularization, Characterization, and Biological Function. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 26:402-422. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sart
- Hydrodynamics Laboratory, CNRS UMR7646, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
- Laboratory of Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Department of Genome and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Richard Jeske
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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14
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Carvalho MS, Silva JC, Hoff CM, Cabral JMS, Linhardt RJ, Silva CL, Vashishth D. Loss and rescue of osteocalcin and osteopontin modulate osteogenic and angiogenic features of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7496-7515. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta S. Carvalho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy New York
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisboa Portugal
| | - João C. Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisboa Portugal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy New York
| | - Christopher M. Hoff
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy New York
| | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisboa Portugal
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy New York
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy New York
| | - Cláudia L. Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisboa Portugal
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy New York
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15
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Silva JC, Han X, Silva TP, Xia K, Mikael PE, Cabral JMS, Ferreira FC, Linhardt RJ. Glycosaminoglycan remodeling during chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-/synovial-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells under normoxia and hypoxia. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:345-360. [PMID: 32086666 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are major components of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), which play an important role in tissue homeostasis not only by providing mechanical load resistance, but also as signaling mediators of key cellular processes such as adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation. Specific GAG types as well as their disaccharide sulfation patterns can be predictive of the tissue maturation level but also of disease states such as osteoarthritis. In this work, we used a highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to perform a comparative study in terms of temporal changes in GAG and disaccharide composition between tissues generated from human bone marrow- and synovial-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hBMSC/hSMSC) after chondrogenic differentiation under normoxic (21% O2) and hypoxic (5% O2) micromass cultures. The chondrogenic differentiation of hBMSC/hSMSC cultured under different oxygen tensions was assessed through aggregate size measurement, chondrogenic gene expression analysis and histological/immunofluorescence staining in comparison to human chondrocytes. For all the studied conditions, the compositional analysis demonstrated a notable increase in the average relative percentage of chondroitin sulfate (CS), the main GAG in cartilage composition, throughout MSC chondrogenic differentiation. Additionally, hypoxic culture conditions resulted in significantly different average GAG and CS disaccharide percentage compositions compared to the normoxic ones. However, such effect was considerably more evident for hBMSC-derived chondrogenic aggregates. In summary, the GAG profiles described here may provide new insights for the prediction of cartilage tissue differentiation/disease states and to characterize the quality of MSC-generated chondrocytes obtained under different oxygen tension culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA
| | - Xiaorui Han
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA
| | - Teresa P Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ke Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA
| | - Paiyz E Mikael
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA.
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16
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Rosadi I, Karina K, Rosliana I, Sobariah S, Afini I, Widyastuti T, Barlian A. In vitro study of cartilage tissue engineering using human adipose-derived stem cells induced by platelet-rich plasma and cultured on silk fibroin scaffold. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:369. [PMID: 31801639 PMCID: PMC6894137 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cartilage tissue engineering is a promising technique for repairing cartilage defect. Due to the limitation of cell number and proliferation, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been developed as a substitute to chondrocytes as a cartilage cell-source. This study aimed to develop cartilage tissue from human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) cultured on a Bombyx mori silk fibroin scaffold and supplemented with 10% platelet-rich plasma (PRP). METHODS Human ADSCs and PRP were characterized. A silk fibroin scaffold with 500 μm pore size was fabricated through salt leaching. ADSCs were then cultured on the scaffold (ADSC-SS) and supplemented with 10% PRP for 21 days to examine cell proliferation, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and surface marker expression. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of type 2 collagen, aggrecan, and type 1 collagen was analysed. The presence of type 2 collagen confirming chondrogenesis was validated using immunocytochemistry. The negative and positive controls were ADSC-SS supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS) and ADSC-SS supplemented with commercial chondrogenesis medium, respectively. RESULTS Cells isolated from adipose tissue were characterized as ADSCs. Proliferation of the ADSC-SS PRP was significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to that of controls. Chondrogenesis was observed in ADSC-SS PRP and was confirmed through the increase in glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) secretion, the absence of mineral deposition, and increased surface marker proteins on chondrogenic progenitors. The mRNA expression of type 2 collagen in ADSC-SS PRP was significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to that in the negative control on days 7 and 21; however, aggrecan was significantly increased on day 14 compared to the controls. ADSC-SS PRP showed stable mRNA expression of type 1 collagen up to 14 days and it was significantly decreased on day 21. Confocal analysis showed the presence of type 2 collagen in the ADSC-SS PRP and positive control groups, with high distribution outside the cells forming the extracellular matrix (ECM) on day 21. CONCLUSION Our study showed that ADSC-SS with supplemented 10% PRP medium can effectively support chondrogenesis of ADSCs in vitro and promising for further development as an alternative for cartilage tissue engineering in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imam Rosadi
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
- HayandraLab, Yayasan Hayandra Peduli, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Karina Karina
- HayandraLab, Yayasan Hayandra Peduli, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
- Klinik Hayandra, Yayasan Hayandra Peduli, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
- Biomedic, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Iis Rosliana
- HayandraLab, Yayasan Hayandra Peduli, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Siti Sobariah
- HayandraLab, Yayasan Hayandra Peduli, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Irsyah Afini
- HayandraLab, Yayasan Hayandra Peduli, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tias Widyastuti
- HayandraLab, Yayasan Hayandra Peduli, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anggraini Barlian
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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17
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Wu N, Silva LM, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Gao C, Zhang F, Fu L, Peng Y, Linhardt R, Kawasaki T, Mulloy B, Chai W, Feizi T. Glycan Markers of Human Stem Cells Assigned with Beam Search Arrays. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1981-2002. [PMID: 31308253 PMCID: PMC6773554 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan antigens recognized by monoclonal antibodies have served as stem cell markers. To understand regulation of their biosynthesis and their roles in stem cell behavior precise assignments are required. We have applied state-of-the-art glycan array technologies to compare the glycans bound by five antibodies that recognize carbohydrates on human stem cells. These are: FC10.2, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, anti-i and R-10G. Microarray analyses with a panel of sequence-defined glycans corroborate that FC10.2, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81 recognize the type 1-(Galβ-3GlcNAc)-terminating backbone sequence, Galβ-3GlcNAcβ-3Galβ-4GlcNAcβ-3Galβ-4GlcNAc, and anti-i, the type 2-(Galβ-4GlcNAc) analog, Galβ-4GlcNAcβ-3Galβ-4GlcNAcβ-3Galβ-4GlcNAc, and we determine substituents they can accommodate. They differ from R-10G, which requires sulfate. By Beam Search approach, starting with an antigen-positive keratan sulfate polysaccharide, followed by targeted iterative microarray analyses of glycan populations released with keratanases and mass spectrometric monitoring, R-10G is assigned as a mono-sulfated type 2 chain with 6-sulfation at the penultimate N-acetylglucosamine, Galβ-4GlcNAc(6S)β-3Galβ-4GlcNAcβ-3Galβ-4GlcNAc. Microarray analyses using newly synthesized glycans corroborate the assignment of this unique determinant raising questions regarding involvement as a ligand in the stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Wu
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Lisete M Silva
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Liu
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Yibing Zhang
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Chao Gao
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
| | - Yanfei Peng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
| | - Robert Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
| | - Toshisuke Kawasaki
- Research Center for Glycobiotechnology, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi, 1-1-1, Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Wengang Chai
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
| | - Ten Feizi
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
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18
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Wigén J, Elowsson-Rendin L, Karlsson L, Tykesson E, Westergren-Thorsson G. Glycosaminoglycans: A Link Between Development and Regeneration in the Lung. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:823-832. [PMID: 31062651 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
What can we learn from embryogenesis to increase our understanding of how regeneration of damaged adult lung tissue could be induced in serious lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and asthma? The local tissue niche determines events in both embryogenesis and repair of the adult lung. Important constituents of the niche are extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, including proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). GAGs, strategically located in the pericellular and extracellular space, bind developmentally active growth factors (GFs) and morphogens such as fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) aside from cytokines. These interactions affect activities in many cells, including stem cells, important in development and tissue regeneration. Moreover, it is becoming clear that the "inherent code," such as sulfation of disaccharides of GAGs, is a strong determinant of cellular outcome. Sulfation patterns, deacetylations, and epimerizations of GAG chains function as tuning forks in gradient formation of morphogens, growth factors, and cytokines. Learning to tune these fine instruments, that is, interactions between GFs, chemokines, and cytokines with the specific disaccharide code of GAGs in the adult lung, could become the key to unlock inherent regenerative forces to override pathological remodeling. This review aims to provide an overview of the role GAGs play during development and similar events in regenerative efforts in the adult lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Wigén
- Experimental Medical Sciences, Lung Biology, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Lisa Karlsson
- Experimental Medical Sciences, Lung Biology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emil Tykesson
- Experimental Medical Sciences, Lung Biology, Lund, Sweden
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19
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Mikael PE, Willard C, Koyee A, Barlao CG, Liu X, Han X, Ouyang Y, Xia K, Linhardt RJ, Dordick JS. Remodeling of Glycosaminoglycans During Differentiation of Adult Human Bone Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Toward Hepatocytes. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:278-289. [PMID: 30572803 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a critical need to generate functional hepatocytes to aid in liver repair and regeneration upon availability of a renewable, and potentially personalized, source of human hepatocytes (hHEP). Currently, the vast majority of primary hHEP are obtained from human tissue through cadavers. Recent advances in stem cell differentiation have opened up the possibility to obtain fully functional hepatocytes from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, or adult stem cells. With respect to the latter, human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) can serve as a source of autogenetic and allogenic multipotent stem cells for liver repair and regeneration. A major aspect of hBMSC differentiation is the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and, in particular, the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the differentiation process. In this study, we examine the influence of four distinct culture conditions/protocols (T1-T4) on GAG composition and hepatic markers. α-Fetoprotein and hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α were expressed continually over 21 days of differentiation, as indicated by real time quantitative PCR analysis, while albumin (ALB) expression did not begin until day 21. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) appears to be more effective than activin A in promoting hepatic-like cells through the mesenchymal-epithelial transition, perhaps due to the former binding to the HGF receptor to form a unique complex that diversifies the biological functions of HGF. Of the four protocols tested, uniform hepatocyte-like morphological changes, ALB secretion, and glycogen storage were found to be highest with protocol T2, which involves both early- and late-stage combinations of growth factors. The total GAG profile of the hBMSC ECM is rich in heparan sulfate (HS) and hyaluronan, both of which fluctuate during differentiation. The GAG profile of primary hHEP showed an HS-rich ECM, and thus, it may be possible to guide hBMSC differentiation to more mature hepatocytes by controlling the GAG profile expressed by differentiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paiyz E Mikael
- 1 Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Charles Willard
- 2 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Aurvan Koyee
- 3 Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Charmaine-Grace Barlao
- 4 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Xinyue Liu
- 1 Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.,2 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.,5 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Xiaorui Han
- 1 Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.,5 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Yilan Ouyang
- 1 Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Ke Xia
- 1 Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- 1 Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.,2 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.,4 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.,5 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- 1 Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.,2 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.,4 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.,5 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
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20
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Compositional and structural analysis of glycosaminoglycans in cell-derived extracellular matrices. Glycoconj J 2019; 36:141-154. [PMID: 30637588 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-019-09858-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly dynamic and complex meshwork of proteins and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) with a crucial role in tissue homeostasis and organization not only by defining tissue architecture and mechanical properties, but also by providing chemical cues that regulate major biological processes. GAGs are associated with important physiological functions, acting as modulators of signaling pathways regulating several cellular processes such as cell growth and differentiation. Recently, in vitro fabricated cell-derived ECM have emerged as promising materials for regenerative medicine due to their ability of better recapitulate the native ECM-like composition and structure, without the limitations of availability and pathogen transfer risks of tissue-derived ECM scaffolds. However, little is known about the molecular and more specifically, GAG composition of these cell-derived ECM. In this study, three different cell-derived ECM were produced in vitro and characterized in terms of their GAG content, composition and sulfation patterns using a highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique. Distinct GAG compositions and disaccharide sulfation patterns were verified for the different cell-derived ECM. Additionally, the effect of decellularization method on the GAG and disaccharide relative composition was also assessed. In summary, the method presented here offers a novel approach to determine the GAG composition of cell-derived ECM, which we believe is critical for a better understanding of ECM role in directing cellular responses and has the potential for generating important knowledge to use in the development of novel ECM-like biomaterials for tissue engineering applications.
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21
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Sorrell JM, Somoza RA, Caplan AI. Human mesenchymal stem cells induced to differentiate as chondrocytes follow a biphasic pattern of extracellular matrix production. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:1757-1766. [PMID: 29194731 PMCID: PMC5976510 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering studies are actively developing novel means to repair adult articular cartilage defects using biological approaches. One such approach is the harnessing of adult human therapeutic cells such as those referred to as mesenchymal stem cells. Upon exposure to chondrogenic signals, these cells differentiate and initiate the production of a complex and voluminous cartilaginous matrix that is crucial to both the structure and function of cartilage. Furthermore, this complexity requires the time-sensitive activation of a large number of genes to produce the components of this matrix. The current study analyzed the kinetics of matrix production in an aggregate culture model where adult human mesenchymal stem cells were induced to differentiate as chondrocytes. The results indicate the existence of a biphasic mode of differentiation and maturation during which matrix genes and molecules are differentially activated and secreted. These results have important implications for developing novel approaches for the creation of tissue engineered articular cartilage. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1757-1766, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Michael Sorrell
- Department of Biology, Skeletal Research Center; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland Ohio 44106
| | - Rodrigo A. Somoza
- Department of Biology, Skeletal Research Center; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland Ohio 44106
| | - Arnold I. Caplan
- Department of Biology, Skeletal Research Center; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland Ohio 44106
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22
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Acellular Mouse Kidney ECM can be Used as a Three-Dimensional Substrate to Test the Differentiation Potential of Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Renal Progenitors. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 13:513-531. [PMID: 28239758 PMCID: PMC5493730 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of strategies for tissue regeneration and bio-artificial organ development is based on our understanding of embryogenesis. Differentiation protocols attempt to recapitulate the signaling modalities of gastrulation and organogenesis, coupled with cell selection regimens to isolate the cells of choice. This strategy is impeded by the lack of optimal in vitro culture systems since traditional culture systems do not allow for the three-dimensional interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix. While artificial three-dimensional scaffolds are available, using the natural extracellular matrix scaffold is advantageous because it has a distinct architecture that is difficult to replicate. The adult extracellular matrix is predicted to mediate signaling related to tissue repair not embryogenesis but existing similarities between the two argues that the extracellular matrix will influence the differentiation of stem and progenitor cells. Previous studies using undifferentiated embryonic stem cells grown directly on acellular kidney ECM demonstrated that the acellular kidney supported cell growth but limited differentiation occurred. Using mouse kidney extracellular matrix and mouse embryonic stem cells we report that the extracellular matrix can support the development of kidney structures if the stem cells are first differentiated to kidney progenitor cells before being applied to the acellular organ.
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23
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Furukawa JI, Okada K, Shinohara Y. Glycomics of human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells. Glycoconj J 2017; 34:807-815. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-017-9800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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24
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Toyoda H, Nagai Y, Kojima A, Kinoshita-Toyoda A. Podocalyxin as a major pluripotent marker and novel keratan sulfate proteoglycan in human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Glycoconj J 2017; 34:817-823. [PMID: 28980094 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-017-9801-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Podocalyxin (PC) was first identified as a heavily sialylated transmembrane protein of glomerular podocytes. Recent studies suggest that PC is a remarkable glycoconjugate that acts as a universal glyco-carrier. The glycoforms of PC are responsible for multiple functions in normal tissue, human cancer cells, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). PC is employed as a major pluripotent marker of hESCs and hiPSCs. Among the general antibodies for human PC, TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81 recognize the keratan sulfate (KS)-related structures. Therefore, It is worthwhile to summarize the outstanding chemical characteristic of PC, including the KS-related structures. Here, we review the glycoforms of PC and discuss the potential of PC as a novel KS proteoglycan in undifferentiated hESCs and hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenao Toyoda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Yuko Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Aya Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Akiko Kinoshita-Toyoda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
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25
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Mhanna R, Becher J, Schnabelrauch M, Reis RL, Pashkuleva I. Sulfated Alginate as a Mimic of Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans: Binding of Growth Factors and Effect on Stem Cell Behavior. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:e1700043. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rami Mhanna
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909 Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
- Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering Program; American University of Beirut; Beirut 1107 2020 Lebanon
| | - Jana Becher
- INNOVENT e.V.; Biomaterials Department; Prüssingstraße 27 B D-07745 Jena Germany
| | | | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909 Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Iva Pashkuleva
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909 Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
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Soares da Costa D, Reis RL, Pashkuleva I. Sulfation of Glycosaminoglycans and Its Implications in Human Health and Disorders. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2017; 19:1-26. [PMID: 28226217 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071516-044610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sulfation is a dynamic and complex posttranslational modification process. It can occur at various positions within the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) backbone and modulates extracellular signals such as cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions; different sulfation patterns have been identified for the same organs and cells during their development. Because of their high specificity in relation to function, GAG sulfation patterns are referred to as the sulfation code. This review explores the role of GAG sulfation in different biological processes at the cell, tissue, and organism levels. We address the connection between the sulfation patterns of GAGs and several physiological processes and discuss the misregulation of GAG sulfation and its involvement in several genetic and metabolic disorders. Finally, we present the therapeutic potential of GAGs and their synthetic mimics in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Soares da Costa
- 3B's Research Group: Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho and Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; , , .,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group: Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho and Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; , , .,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Iva Pashkuleva
- 3B's Research Group: Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho and Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; , , .,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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27
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Toyoda H, Nagai Y, Kojima A, Kinoshita-Toyoda A. Podocalyxin as a major pluripotent marker and novel keratan sulfate proteoglycan in human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Glycoconj J 2017; 34:139-145. [PMID: 28078490 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Podocalyxin (PC) was first identified as a heavily sialylated transmembrane protein of glomerular podocytes. Recent studies suggest that PC is a remarkable glycoconjugate that acts as a universal glyco-carrier. The glycoforms of PC are responsible for multiple functions in normal tissue, human cancer cells, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). PC is employed as a major pluripotent marker of hESCs and hiPSCs. Among the general antibodies for human PC, TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81 recognize the keratan sulfate (KS)-related structures. Therefore, It is worthwhile to summarize the outstanding chemical characteristic of PC, including the KS-related structures. Here, we review the glycoforms of PC and discuss the potential of PC as a novel KS proteoglycan in undifferentiated hESCs and hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenao Toyoda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Yuko Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Aya Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Akiko Kinoshita-Toyoda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
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28
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Berger RP, Dookwah M, Steet R, Dalton S. Glycosylation and stem cells: Regulatory roles and application of iPSCs in the study of glycosylation-related disorders. Bioessays 2016; 38:1255-1265. [PMID: 27667795 PMCID: PMC5214967 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation refers to the co- and post-translational modification of protein and lipids by monosaccharides or oligosaccharide chains. The surface of mammalian cells is decorated by a heterogeneous and highly complex array of protein and lipid linked glycan structures that vary significantly between different cell types, raising questions about their roles in development and disease pathogenesis. This review will begin by focusing on recent findings that define roles for cell surface protein and lipid glycosylation in pluripotent stem cells and their functional impact during normal development. Then, we will describe how patient derived induced pluripotent stem cells are being used to model human diseases such as congenital disorders of glycosylation. Collectively, these studies indicate that cell surface glycans perform critical roles in human development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Berger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Michelle Dookwah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Richard Steet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Stephen Dalton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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29
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Sulfated glycosaminoglycans: their distinct roles in stem cell biology. Glycoconj J 2016; 34:725-735. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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30
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Deligny A, Dierker T, Dagälv A, Lundequist A, Eriksson I, Nairn AV, Moremen KW, Merry CLR, Kjellén L. NDST2 (N-Deacetylase/N-Sulfotransferase-2) Enzyme Regulates Heparan Sulfate Chain Length. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:18600-18607. [PMID: 27387504 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.744433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of heparan sulfate synthesized by HEK 293 cells overexpressing murine NDST1 and/or NDST2 demonstrated that the amount of heparan sulfate was increased in NDST2- but not in NDST1-overexpressing cells. Altered transcript expression of genes encoding other biosynthetic enzymes or proteoglycan core proteins could not account for the observed changes. However, the role of NDST2 in regulating the amount of heparan sulfate synthesized was confirmed by analyzing heparan sulfate content in tissues isolated from Ndst2(-/-) mice, which contained reduced levels of the polysaccharide. Detailed disaccharide composition analysis showed no major structural difference between heparan sulfate from control and Ndst2(-/-) tissues, with the exception of heparan sulfate from spleen where the relative amount of trisulfated disaccharides was lowered in the absence of NDST2. In vivo transcript expression levels of the heparan sulfate-polymerizing enzymes Ext1 and Ext2 were also largely unaffected by NDST2 levels, pointing to a mode of regulation other than increased gene transcription. Size estimation of heparan sulfate polysaccharide chains indicated that increased chain lengths in NDST2-overexpressing cells alone could explain the increased heparan sulfate content. A model is discussed where NDST2-specific substrate modification stimulates elongation resulting in increased heparan sulfate chain length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Deligny
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden and
| | - Tabea Dierker
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden and
| | - Anders Dagälv
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden and
| | - Anders Lundequist
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden and
| | - Inger Eriksson
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden and
| | - Alison V Nairn
- the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Catherine L R Merry
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden and
| | - Lena Kjellén
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden and
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31
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Furukawa JI, Okada K, Shinohara Y. Glycomics of human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:707-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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32
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McMorran BJ, McCarthy FE, Gibbs EM, Pang M, Marshall JL, Nairn AV, Moremen KW, Crosbie-Watson RH, Baum LG. Differentiation-related glycan epitopes identify discrete domains of the muscle glycocalyx. Glycobiology 2016; 26:1120-1132. [PMID: 27236198 PMCID: PMC5241718 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is enriched with glycoproteins modified with N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residues, and four nominally GalNAc-specific plant lectins have historically been used to identify the NMJ and the utrophin-glycoprotein complex. However, little is known about the specific glycan epitopes on skeletal muscle that are bound by these lectins, the glycoproteins that bear these epitopes or how creation of these glycan epitopes is regulated. Here, we profile changes in cell surface glycosylation during muscle cell differentiation and identify distinct differences in the binding preferences of GalNAc-specific lectins, Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA), Vicia villosa agglutinin (VVA), soybean agglutinin (SBA) and Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA). While we find that all four GalNAc binding lectins specifically label the NMJ, each of the four lectins binds distinct sets of muscle glycoproteins; furthermore, none of the major adhesion complexes are required for binding of any of the four GalNAc-specific lectins. Analysis of glycosylation-related transcripts identified target glycosyltransferases and glycosidases that could potentially create GalNAc-containing epitopes; reducing expression of these transcripts by siRNA highlighted differences in lectin binding specificities. In addition, we found that complex N-glycans are required for binding of WFA and SBA to murine C2C12 myotubes and for WFA binding to wild-type skeletal muscle, but not for binding of VVA or DBA. These results demonstrate that muscle cell surface glycosylation is finely regulated during muscle differentiation in a domain- and acceptor-substrate-specific manner, suggesting that temporal- and site-specific glycosylation are important for skeletal muscle cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J McMorran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Francis E McCarthy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Gibbs
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mabel Pang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jamie L Marshall
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alison V Nairn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rachelle H Crosbie-Watson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Linda G Baum
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Azevedo HS, Pashkuleva I. Biomimetic supramolecular designs for the controlled release of growth factors in bone regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 94:63-76. [PMID: 26325686 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of tissues is an assembly of insoluble macromolecules that specifically interact with soluble bioactive molecules and regulate their distribution and availability to cells. Recapitulating this ability has been an important target in controlled growth factor delivery strategies for tissue regeneration and requires the design of multifunctional carriers. This review describes the integration of supramolecular interactions on the design of delivery strategies that encompass self-assembling and engineered affinity components to construct advanced biomimetic carriers for growth factor delivery. Several glycan- and peptide-based self-assemblies reported in the literature are highlighted and commented upon. These examples demonstrate how molecular design and chemistry are successfully employed to create versatile multifunctional molecules which self-assemble/disassemble in a precisely predicted manner, thus controlling compartmentalization, transport and delivery. Finally, we discuss whether recent advances in the design and preparation of supramolecular delivery systems have been sufficient to drive real translation towards a clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena S Azevedo
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Iva Pashkuleva
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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34
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Jhala D, Vasita R. A Review on Extracellular Matrix Mimicking Strategies for an Artificial Stem Cell Niche. POLYM REV 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2015.1040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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35
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Wang W, Ju X, Sun Z, Hou W, Yang L, Zhang R. Overexpression of heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase-2 enhances fibroblast growth factor-mediated chondrocyte growth and differentiation. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:825-32. [PMID: 26133911 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we reported that heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase‑2 (HS6ST2) plays an important role in the cartilage of patients with osteoarthritis and Kashin-Beck disease and that it regulates aggrecan (Acan) metabolism and the viability of chondrocytes. However, its role in chondrocyte differentiation remains poorly understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of HS6ST2 in chondrocyte differentiation in vitro using mouse prechondrocytic cells. We found that the overexpression or silencing of HS6ST2 significantly enhanced or abrogated the effects of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‑2 on chondrocyte growth, respectively. We found that the overexpression of HS6ST2 significantly induced the expression of Acan as well as the amount of total proteoglycans in the prechondrocytic cells in the presence of FGF‑2, whereas the silencing of HS6ST2 caused the opposite effect. Furthermore, the expresssion of FGF‑2‑induced sex‑determining region Y‑type high mobility group box protein 9 (SOX9), a major transcription factor for chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, was also enhanced or blocked by HS6ST2 overexpression or HS6ST2 knockdown, respectively. Additionally, Wnt/β‑catenin signaling, which inhibited chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, was suppressed by HS6ST2. Taken together, these data suggest that HS6ST2 plays an important role in regulating chondrocyte growth and differentiation by modulating FGF‑2 signaling, thus indicating that it may be a potential and valuable molecular target for the treatment of skeletal dysplasias, such as dwarfism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, The Third Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Xichi Ju
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Zhengming Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of The Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Weikun Hou
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, The Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Yang
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, The Third Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Laboratory of Orthopedics, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, The Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
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36
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Nyman MC, Sainio AO, Pennanen MM, Lund RJ, Vuorikoski S, Sundström JTT, Järveläinen HT. Decorin in Human Colon Cancer: Localization In Vivo and Effect on Cancer Cell Behavior In Vitro. J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 63:710-20. [PMID: 26001829 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415590830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Decorin is generally recognized as a tumor suppressing molecule. Nevertheless, although decorin has been shown to be differentially expressed in malignant tissues, it has often remained unclear whether, in addition to non-malignant stromal cells, cancer cells also express it. Here, we first used two publicly available databases to analyze the current information about decorin expression and immunoreactivity in normal and malignant human colorectal tissue samples. The analyses demonstrated that decorin expression and immunoreactivity may vary in cancer cells of human colorectal tissues. Therefore, we next examined decorin expression in normal, premalignant and malignant human colorectal tissues in more detail using both in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for decorin. Our results invariably demonstrate that malignant cells within human colorectal cancer tissues are devoid of both decorin mRNA and immunoreactivity. Identical results were obtained for cells of neuroendocrine tumors of human colon. Using RT-qPCR, we showed that human colon cancer cell lines are also decorin negative, in accordance with the above in vivo results. Finally, we demonstrate that decorin transduction of human colon cancer cell lines causes a significant reduction in their colony forming capability. Thus, strategies to develop decorin-based adjuvant therapies for human colorectal malignancies are highly rational.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C Nyman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (MCN, AOS, MMP, HTJ)
| | - Annele O Sainio
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (MCN, AOS, MMP, HTJ)
| | - Mirka M Pennanen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (MCN, AOS, MMP, HTJ)
| | - Riikka J Lund
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology , University of Turku, Turku, Finland(RJL, SV)
| | - Sanna Vuorikoski
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology , University of Turku, Turku, Finland(RJL, SV)
| | | | - Hannu T Järveläinen
- Division of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (HTJ)
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Ibrahim SA, Hassan H, Götte M. MicroRNA-dependent targeting of the extracellular matrix as a mechanism of regulating cell behavior. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2609-20. [PMID: 24462576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs which regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by inducing mRNA degradation or translational repression. MicroRNA-dependent modulation of the extracellular matrix and its cellular receptors has emerged as a novel mechanism of regulating numerous matrix-dependent processes, including cell proliferation and apoptosis, cell adhesion and migration, cell differentiation and stem cell properties. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we will present different mechanisms by which microRNAs and extracellular matrix constituents mutually regulate their expression, and we will demonstrate how these expression changes affect cell behavior. We will also highlight the importance of dysregulated matrix-related microRNA expression for the pathogenesis of inflammatory and malignant disease, and discuss the potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS MicroRNAs and matrix-dependent signal transduction processes form novel regulatory circuits, which profoundly affect cell behavior. As misexpression of microRNAs targeting extracellular matrix constituents is observed in a variety of diseases, a pharmacological intervention with these processes has therapeutic potential, as successfully demonstrated in vitro and in advanced animal models. However, a deeper mechanistic understanding is required to address potential side effects prior to clinical applications in humans. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE A full understanding of the role and function of microRNA-dependent regulation of the extracellular matrix may lead to new targeted therapies and new diagnostics for malignant and inflammatory diseases in humans. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Matrix-mediated cell behaviour and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hebatallah Hassan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D11, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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