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Kaiyrzhanov R, Ortigoza-Escobar JD, Stringer BW, Ganieva M, Gowda VK, Srinivasan VM, Macaya A, Laner A, Onbool E, Al-Shammari R, Al-Owain M, Deconinck N, Vilain C, Dontaine P, Self E, Akram R, Hussain G, Baig SM, Iqbal J, Salpietro V, Neshatdoust M, Kasiri M, Yesil G, Uygur T, Pysden K, Berry IR, Alves CA, Giacomotto J, Houlden H, Maroofian R. Clinical and Molecular Spectrum of Autosomal Recessive CA8-Related Cerebellar Ataxia. Mov Disord 2024; 39:983-995. [PMID: 38581205 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on a limited number of reported families, biallelic CA8 variants have currently been associated with a recessive neurological disorder named, cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation, and dysequilibrium syndrome 3 (CAMRQ-3). OBJECTIVES We aim to comprehensively investigate CA8-related disorders (CA8-RD) by reviewing existing literature and exploring neurological, neuroradiological, and molecular observations in a cohort of newly identified patients. METHODS We analyzed the phenotype of 27 affected individuals from 14 families with biallelic CA8 variants (including data from 15 newly identified patients from eight families), ages 4 to 35 years. Clinical, genetic, and radiological assessments were performed, and zebrafish models with ca8 knockout were used for functional analysis. RESULTS Patients exhibited varying degrees of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), along with predominantly progressive cerebellar ataxia and pyramidal signs and variable bradykinesia, dystonia, and sensory impairment. Quadrupedal gait was present in only 10 of 27 patients. Progressive selective cerebellar atrophy, predominantly affecting the superior vermis, was a key diagnostic finding in all patients. Seven novel homozygous CA8 variants were identified. Zebrafish models demonstrated impaired early neurodevelopment and motor behavior on ca8 knockout. CONCLUSION Our comprehensive analysis of phenotypic features indicates that CA8-RD exhibits a wide range of clinical manifestations, setting it apart from other subtypes within the category of CAMRQ. CA8-RD is characterized by cerebellar atrophy and should be recognized as part of the autosomal-recessive cerebellar ataxias associated with NDD. Notably, the presence of progressive superior vermis atrophy serves as a valuable diagnostic indicator. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rauan Kaiyrzhanov
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Darío Ortigoza-Escobar
- U-703 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Movement Disorders Unit, Pediatric Neurology Department, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brett W Stringer
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Centre for Cellular Phenomics, School of Environment and Science Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Manizha Ganieva
- Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Department of Neurology and Medical Genetics, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Vykuntaraju K Gowda
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Alfons Macaya
- European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Enas Onbool
- Neurology department, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Skaka Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Randa Al-Shammari
- Department of Medical Genomics, Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Owain
- Department of Medical Genomics, Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicolas Deconinck
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires et Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catheline Vilain
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Universitaire Reine Fabiola (HUDERF); Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pauline Dontaine
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires et Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eleanor Self
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rabia Akram
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Neurochemical biology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Neurochemical biology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mahmood Baig
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Neurology, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maedeh Neshatdoust
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Kasiri
- School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Gozde Yesil
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turkan Uygur
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Bezmialem Vakif University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Karen Pysden
- Paediatric Neurology Department, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Berry
- Yorkshire and North East Genomic Laboratory Hub Central Laboratory, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Cesar Augusto Alves
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jean Giacomotto
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Centre for Cellular Phenomics, School of Environment and Science Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Wu CY, Yu JY, Chen YS, Chang HP, Hsieh BY, Lin YH, Ma CY, Tsai SF, Hsieh M. Effects of down-regulated carbonic anhydrase 8 on cell survival and glucose metabolism in human colorectal cancer cell lines. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4001. [PMID: 38571370 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase 8 (CA8) is a member of the α-carbonic anhydrase family but does not catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. In the present study, we examined the effects of CA8 on two human colon cancer cell lines, SW480 and SW620, by suppressing CA8 expression through shRNA knockdown. Our results showed that knockdown of CA8 decreased cell growth and cell mobility in SW620 cells, but not in SW480 cells. In addition, downregulated CA8 resulted in a significant decrease of glucose uptake in both SW480 and SW620 cells. Interestingly, stable downregulation of CA8 decreased phosphofructokinase-1 expression but increased glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) levels in SW620 cells. However, transient downregulation of CA8 fails to up-regulate GLUT3 expression, indicating that the increased GLUT3 observed in SW620-shCA8 cells is a compensatory effect. In addition, the interaction between CA8 and GLUT3 was evidenced by pull-down and IP assays. On the other hand, we showed that metformin, a first-line drug for type II diabetes patients, significantly inhibited cell migration of SW620 cells, depending on the expressions of CA8 and focal adhesion kinase. Taken together, our data demonstrate that when compared to primary colon cancer SW480 cells, metastatic colon cancer SW620 cells respond differently to downregulated CA8, indicating that CA8 in more aggressive cancer cells may play a more important role in controlling cell survival and metformin response. CA8 may affect glucose metabolism- and cell invasion-related molecules in colon cancer, suggesting that CA8 may be a potential target in future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yen Wu
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yo Yu
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Shan Chen
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ping Chang
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Benjamin Y Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yu-Hsin Lin
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Yung Ma
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shang-Feng Tsai
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mingli Hsieh
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Life Science Research Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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3
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Lin GY, Ma CY, Kuo LC, Hsieh BY, Wang H, Liu CS, Hsieh M. Altered glucose metabolism and its association with carbonic anhydrase 8 in Machado-Joseph Disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2103-2120. [PMID: 35488942 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00994-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), also known as spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. This disorder is caused by polyglutamine (polyQ)-containing mutant ataxin-3, which tends to misfold and aggregate in neuron cells. We previously demonstrated a protective function of carbonic anhydrase 8 (CA8) in MJD disease models and a decreased glycolytic activity associated with down-regulated CA8 in a human osteosarcoma (OS) cell model. Given that a reduction in body weight accompanied by gait and balance instability was observed in MJD patients and transgenic (Tg) mice, in this study, we aimed to examine whether metabolic defects are associated with MJD and whether CA8 expression is involved in metabolic dysfunction in MJD. Our data first showed that glucose uptake ability decreases in cells harboring mutant ataxin-3, but increases in cells overexpressing CA8. In addition, the expressions of glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) and phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1) were significantly decreased in the presence of mutant ataxin-3. Consistently, immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed that GLUT3 was less expressed in cerebella of aged MJD Tg mice, indicating that the dysfunction of GLUT3 may be associated with late-stage disease. On the other hand, transient down-regulation of CA8 revealed decreased expressions of GLUT3 and PFK1 in HEK293 cells harboring wild-type (WT) ataxin-3, but no further reduction of GLUT3 and PFK1 expressions were observed in HEK293 cells harboring mutant ataxin-3. Moreover, immunoprecipitation (IP) and immunofluorescence (IF) demonstrated that interactions exist between ataxin-3, CA8 and GLUT3 in MJD cellular and Tg models. These lines of evidence suggest that CA8 plays an important role in glucose metabolism and has different impacts on cells with or without mutant ataxin-3. Interestingly, the decreased relative abundance of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio in the feces of aged MJD Tg mice coincided with weight loss and metabolic dysfunction in MJD. Taken together, our results are the first to demonstrate the effects of CA8 on glucose metabolism and its involvement in the metabolic defects in MJD disease. Further investigations will be required to clarify the underlying mechanisms for the metabolic defects associated with MJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yu Lin
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Yung Ma
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Chung Kuo
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Benjamin Y Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hanbing Wang
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chin-San Liu
- Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mingli Hsieh
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Life Science Research Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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4
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Zebrafish Models of Autosomal Recessive Ataxias. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040836. [PMID: 33917666 PMCID: PMC8068028 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive ataxias are much less well studied than autosomal dominant ataxias and there are no clearly defined systems to classify them. Autosomal recessive ataxias, which are characterized by neuronal and multisystemic features, have significant overlapping symptoms with other complex multisystemic recessive disorders. The generation of animal models of neurodegenerative disorders increases our knowledge of their cellular and molecular mechanisms and helps in the search for new therapies. Among animal models, the zebrafish, which shares 70% of its genome with humans, offer the advantages of being small in size and demonstrating rapid development, making them optimal for high throughput drug and genetic screening. Furthermore, embryo and larval transparency allows to visualize cellular processes and central nervous system development in vivo. In this review, we discuss the contributions of zebrafish models to the study of autosomal recessive ataxias characteristic phenotypes, behavior, and gene function, in addition to commenting on possible treatments found in these models. Most of the zebrafish models generated to date recapitulate the main features of recessive ataxias.
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5
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Chi TH, Hsieh BY, Liang PS, Han TH, Hsieh M. Expression and Functional Study of Single Mutations of Carbonic Anhydrase 8 in Neuronal Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:1355-1371. [PMID: 32583043 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase 8 (CA8), an isozyme of α-carbonic anhydrases, lacks the ability to catalyze the reversible hydration of CO2 to bicarbonate and proton. Previous studies have shown that single point mutations of CA8, CA8-S100P, and CA8-G162R, are associated with novel syndromes including congenital ataxia and mild cognitive impairment. Our previous results demonstrated that overexpression of wild type (WT) CA8 promoted cell proliferation, neurite outgrowth, anti-apoptosis, invasion and migration abilities in neuronal cells. In this study, we examined the expressions and functions of CA8-S100P and CA8-G162R in neuroblastoma cells lines, compared with those of WT CA8. Our results show that the protein expressions of mutant CA8-S100P and CA8-G162R were significantly decreased in Neuro-2a and SK-N-SH cells. Interestingly, CA8-S100P demonstrated a significant increase in cell proliferation in both Neuro-2a and SK-N-SH cells. However, both CA8 mutations showed significantly decreased effects on cell protection and migration in SK-N-SH cells. Surprisingly, a significant increase of invasive ability was observed in SK-N-SH cells with overexpression of CA8-S100P as compared with those with overexpression of WT CA8 under retinoic acid (RA) treatment. In addition, we found that Neuro-2a cells with overexpression of CA8-S100P and CA8-G162R showed significantly increased neurite outgrowth. Taken together, our data suggest that the expressions of CA8-S100P and CA8-G162R in neuronal cells alter cell morphology, proliferation, mobility and viability; indicating that the homozygous point mutations of CA8 lead to not only the loss of WT CA8 function, but also the gain of novel functions leading to neuromuscular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang-Hao Chi
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Benjamin Y Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Shin Liang
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tien-Heng Han
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mingli Hsieh
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, ROC. .,Life Science Research Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
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6
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Furlan S, Campione M, Murgia M, Mosole S, Argenton F, Volpe P, Nori A. Calsequestrins New Calcium Store Markers of Adult Zebrafish Cerebellum and Optic Tectum. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:15. [PMID: 32372920 PMCID: PMC7188384 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium stores in neurons are heterogeneous in compartmentalization and molecular composition. Danio rerio (zebrafish) is an animal model with a simply folded cerebellum similar in cellular organization to that of mammals. The aim of the study was to identify new endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium store markers in zebrafish adult brain with emphasis on cerebellum and optic tectum. By quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we found three RNA transcripts coding for the intra-ER calcium binding protein calsequestrin: casq1a, casq1b, and casq2. In brain homogenates, two isoforms were detected by mass spectrometry and western blotting. Fractionation experiments of whole brain revealed that Casq1a and Casq2 were enriched in a heavy fraction containing ER microsomes and synaptic membranes. By in situ hybridization, we found the heterogeneous expression of casq1a and casq2 mRNA to be compatible with the cellular localization of calsequestrins investigated by immunofluorescence. Casq1 was expressed in neurogenic differentiation 1 expressing the granule cells of the cerebellum and the periventricular zone of the optic tectum. Casq2 was concentrated in parvalbumin expressing Purkinje cells. At a subcellular level, Casq1 was restricted to granular cell bodies, and Casq2 was localized in cell bodies, dendrites, and axons. Data are discussed in relation to the differential cellular and subcellular distribution of other cerebellum calcium store markers and are evaluated with respect to the putative relevance of calsequestrins in the neuron-specific functional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Furlan
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
| | - Marina Campione
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Murgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia, Padova, Italy.,Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Simone Mosole
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Pompeo Volpe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Nori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia, Padova, Italy
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Sanyanga TA, Tastan Bishop Ö. Structural Characterization of Carbonic Anhydrase VIII and Effects of Missense Single Nucleotide Variations to Protein Structure and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2764. [PMID: 32316137 PMCID: PMC7215520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrase 8 (CA-VIII) is an acatalytic isoform of the α -CA family. Though the protein cannot hydrate CO2, CA-VIII is essential for calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis within the body, and achieves this by allosterically inhibiting the binding of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) to the IP3 receptor type 1 (ITPR1) protein. However, the mechanism of interaction of CA-VIII to ITPR1 is not well understood. In addition, functional defects to CA-VIII due to non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNVs) result in Ca2+ dysregulation and the development of the phenotypes such as cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation and disequilibrium syndrome 3 (CAMRQ3). The pathogenesis of CAMRQ3 is also not well understood. The structure and function of CA-VIII was characterised, and pathogenesis of CAMRQ3 investigated. Structural and functional characterisation of CA-VIII was conducted through SiteMap and CPORT to identify potential binding site residues. The effects of four pathogenic nsSNVs, S100A, S100P, G162R and R237Q, and two benign S100L and E109D variants on CA-VIII structure and function was then investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, dynamic cross correlation (DCC) and dynamic residue network (DRN) analysis. SiteMap and CPORT analyses identified 38 unique CA-VIII residues that could potentially bind to ITPR1. MD analysis revealed less conformational sampling within the variant proteins and highlighted potential increases to variant protein rigidity. Dynamic cross correlation (DCC) showed that wild-type (WT) protein residue motion is predominately anti-correlated, with variant proteins showing no correlation to greater residue correlation. DRN revealed variant-associated increases to the accessibility of the N-terminal binding site residues, which could have implications for associations with ITPR1, and further highlighted differences to the mechanism of benign and pathogenic variants. SNV presence is associated with a reduction to the usage of Trp37 in all variants, which has implications for CA-VIII stability. The differences to variant mechanisms can be further investigated to understand pathogenesis of CAMRQ3, enhancing precision medicine-related studies into CA-VIII.
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MESH Headings
- Binding Sites
- Biomarkers, Tumor/chemistry
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cerebellar Ataxia/genetics
- Cerebellar Ataxia/pathology
- Databases, Genetic
- Humans
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/chemistry
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/metabolism
- Intellectual Disability/genetics
- Intellectual Disability/pathology
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation
- Mutation, Missense
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Protein Binding
- Protein Interaction Maps
- Protein Stability
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Özlem Tastan Bishop
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;
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Hsieh M, Hsieh BY, Ma CY, Li YT, Liu CS, Lo CM. Protective roles of carbonic anhydrase 8 in Machado-Joseph Disease. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1278-1297. [PMID: 31157458 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD)/Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease that can lead to a regression of motor coordination and muscle control in the extremities. It is known that expansion of CAG repeats encodes abnormally long polyQ in mutant ataxin-3, the disease protein. It is also noted that mutant ataxin-3 interacts with 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 (IP3R1) and induces abnormal Ca2+ release. Previously, we have shown a significant increase in the expression of carbonic anhydrase VIII (CA8) in SK-N-SH-MJD78 cells, which are human neuroblastoma cells overexpressing mutant ataxin-3 with 78 glutamine repeats. In the current study, we showed the presence of significantly increased CA8 expression in MJD mouse cerebellum in either early or late disease stage, with a gradual decrease in CA8 expression as the MJD mice naturally aged. By immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation analysis, we also found that CA8 co-localized and interacted with mutant ataxin-3 in SK-N-SH-MJD78 cells harboring overexpressed CA8 (SK-MJD78-CA8). In addition, we found that SK-MJD78-CA8 cells, as well as cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) of MJD transgenic (Tg) mouse with overexpressed CA8, were more resistant to reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress than the control cells. Importantly, overexpression of CA8 in SK-MJD78-CA8 cells and in MJD CGNs rescued abnormal Ca2+ release and caused an increase in cell survival. In summary, we demonstrate the protective function of CA8 in MJD disease models and speculate that the declining expression of CA8 following an initial increased expression may be related to the late onset phenomenon of MJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Hsieh
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Life Science Research Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Benjamin Y Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Yung Ma
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ting Li
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chin-San Liu
- Vascular and Genomic Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Graduate Institute of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Che-Min Lo
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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9
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Namikawa K, Dorigo A, Zagrebelsky M, Russo G, Kirmann T, Fahr W, Dübel S, Korte M, Köster RW. Modeling Neurodegenerative Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 13 in Zebrafish Using a Purkinje Neuron Specific Tunable Coexpression System. J Neurosci 2019; 39:3948-3969. [PMID: 30862666 PMCID: PMC6520513 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1862-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purkinje cells (PCs) are primarily affected in neurodegenerative spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). For generating animal models for SCAs, genetic regulatory elements specifically targeting PCs are required, thereby linking pathological molecular effects with impaired function and organismic behavior. Because cerebellar anatomy and function are evolutionary conserved, zebrafish represent an excellent model to study SCAs in vivo We have isolated a 258 bp cross-species PC-specific enhancer element that can be used in a bidirectional manner for bioimaging of transgene-expressing PCs in zebrafish (both sexes) with variable copy numbers for tuning expression strength. Emerging ectopic expression at high copy numbers can be further eliminated by repurposing microRNA-mediated posttranslational mRNA regulation.Subsequently, we generated a transgenic SCA type 13 (SCA13) model, using a zebrafish-variant mimicking a human pathological SCA13R420H mutation, resulting in cell-autonomous progressive PC degeneration linked to cerebellum-driven eye-movement deficits as observed in SCA patients. This underscores that investigating PC-specific cerebellar neuropathologies in zebrafish allows for interconnecting bioimaging of disease mechanisms with behavioral analysis suitable for therapeutic compound testing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT SCA13 patients carrying a KCNC3R420H allele have been shown to display mid-onset progressive cerebellar atrophy, but genetic modeling of SCA13 by expressing this pathogenic mutant in different animal models has not resulted in neuronal degeneration so far; likely because the transgene was expressed in heterologous cell types. We developed a genetic system for tunable PC-specific coexpression of several transgenes to manipulate and simultaneously monitor cerebellar PCs. We modeled a SCA13 zebrafish accessible for bioimaging to investigate disease progression, revealing robust PC degeneration, resulting in impaired eye movement. Our transgenic zebrafish mimicking both neuropathological and behavioral changes manifested in SCA-affected patients will be suitable for investigating causes of cerebellar diseases in vivo from the molecular to the behavioral level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Zagrebelsky
- Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technical University Braunschweig, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Giulio Russo
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology
- Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Institute for Biochemistry, Technical University Braunschweig 38106, Germany, and
| | | | - Wieland Fahr
- Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Institute for Biochemistry, Technical University Braunschweig 38106, Germany, and
| | - Stefan Dübel
- Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Institute for Biochemistry, Technical University Braunschweig 38106, Germany, and
| | - Martin Korte
- Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technical University Braunschweig, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
- Research Group Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
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Promoter analysis and transcriptional regulation of human carbonic anhydrase VIII gene in a MERRF disease cell model. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 641:50-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Wang TK, Lin YM, Lo CM, Tang CH, Teng CLJ, Chao WT, Wu MH, Liu CS, Hsieh M. Oncogenic roles of carbonic anhydrase 8 in human osteosarcoma cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:7989-8005. [PMID: 26711783 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase 8 (CA8), a member of the carbonic anhydrase family, is one of the three isozymes that do not catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide due to the lack of one important histidine. In the present study, we observed increased expression of CA8 in more aggressive types of human osteosarcoma (OS) cells and found that CA8 expression is correlated with disease stages, such that more intense expression occurs in the disease late stage. We also demonstrated that overexpression of CA8 in human OS (HOS) cells significantly increased cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Downregulated CA8 sensitized cells to apoptotic stress induced by staurosporine and cisplatin, suggesting a specific role of CA8 to protect cells from stresses. In addition, downregulation of CA8 in HOS cells reduced cell invasion and colony formation ability in soft agar and further decreased matrix metalloproteinase 9 and focal adhesion kinase expression, indicating that CA8 might facilitate cancer cell invasion via the activation of FAK-MMP9 signaling. Interestingly, HOS cells with CA8 knockdown showed a significant decrease in glycolytic activity and cell death under glucose withdrawal, further indicating that CA8 may be involved in regulating aerobic glycolysis and enhancing cell viability. Knockdown of CA8 significantly decreased phosphorylated Akt expression suggesting that the oncogenic role of CA8 may be mediated by the regulation of Akt activation through p-Akt induction. Importantly, the inhibition of glycolysis by 2-deoxyglucose sensitized CA8 HOS-CA8-myc cells to cisplatin treatment under low glucose condition, highlighting a new therapeutic option for OS cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze-Kai Wang
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ming Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Che-Min Lo
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chieh-Lin Jerry Teng
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ting Chao
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Life Science Research Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Min Huan Wu
- Life Science Research Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Physical Education Office, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chin-San Liu
- Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mingli Hsieh
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Life Science Research Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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12
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Aspatwar A, Tolvanen MEE, Ojanen MJT, Barker HR, Saralahti AK, Bäuerlein CA, Ortutay C, Pan P, Kuuslahti M, Parikka M, Rämet M, Parkkila S. Inactivation of ca10a and ca10b Genes Leads to Abnormal Embryonic Development and Alters Movement Pattern in Zebrafish. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26218428 PMCID: PMC4539348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase related proteins (CARPs) X and XI are highly conserved across species and are predominantly expressed in neural tissues. The biological role of these proteins is still an enigma. Ray-finned fish have lost the CA11 gene, but instead possess two co-orthologs of CA10. We analyzed the expression pattern of zebrafish ca10a and ca10b genes during embryonic development and in different adult tissues, and studied 61 CARP X/XI-like sequences to evaluate their phylogenetic relationship. Sequence analysis of zebrafish ca10a and ca10b reveals strongly predicted signal peptides, N-glycosylation sites, and a potential disulfide, all of which are conserved, suggesting that all of CARP X and XI are secretory proteins and potentially dimeric. RT-qPCR showed that zebrafish ca10a and ca10b genes are expressed in the brain and several other tissues throughout the development of zebrafish. Antisense morpholino mediated knockdown of ca10a and ca10b showed developmental delay with a high rate of mortality in larvae. Zebrafish morphants showed curved body, pericardial edema, and abnormalities in the head and eye, and there was increased apoptotic cell death in the brain region. Swim pattern showed abnormal movement in morphant zebrafish larvae compared to the wild type larvae. The developmental phenotypes of the ca10a and ca10b morphants were confirmed by inactivating these genes with the CRISPR/Cas9 system. In conclusion, we introduce a novel zebrafish model to investigate the mechanisms of CARP Xa and CARP Xb functions. Our data indicate that CARP Xa and CARP Xb have important roles in zebrafish development and suppression of ca10a and ca10b expression in zebrafish larvae leads to a movement disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Aspatwar
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Martti E. E. Tolvanen
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Information Technology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Csaba Ortutay
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Peiwen Pan
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Mika Rämet
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Center, and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab ltd and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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