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Żukowska D, Chorążewska A, Ciura K, Gędaj A, Kalka M, Poźniak M, Porębska N, Opaliński Ł. The diverse dependence of galectin-1 and -8 on multivalency for the modulation of FGFR1 endocytosis. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:270. [PMID: 38750548 PMCID: PMC11094976 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is a N-glycosylated cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase, which upon recognition of specific extracellular ligands, fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), initiates an intracellular signaling. FGFR1 signaling ensures homeostasis of cells by fine-tuning essential cellular processes, like differentiation, division, motility and death. FGFR1 activity is coordinated at multiple steps and unbalanced FGFR1 signaling contributes to developmental diseases and cancers. One of the crucial control mechanisms over FGFR1 signaling is receptor endocytosis, which allows for rapid targeting of FGF-activated FGFR1 to lysosomes for degradation and the signal termination. We have recently demonstrated that N-glycans of FGFR1 are recognized by a precise set of extracellular galectins, secreted and intracellular multivalent lectins implicated in a plethora of cellular processes and altered in immune responses and cancers. Specific galectins trigger FGFR1 clustering, resulting in activation of the receptor and in initiation of intracellular signaling cascades that shape the cell physiology. Although some of galectin family members emerged recently as key players in the clathrin-independent endocytosis of specific cargoes, their impact on endocytosis of FGFR1 was largely unknown.Here we assessed the contribution of extracellular galectins to the cellular uptake of FGFR1. We demonstrate that only galectin-1 induces internalization of FGFR1, whereas the majority of galectins predominantly inhibit endocytosis of the receptor. We focused on three representative galectins: galectin-1, -7 and -8 and we demonstrate that although all these galectins directly activate FGFR1 by the receptor crosslinking mechanism, they exert different effects on FGFR1 endocytosis. Galectin-1-mediated internalization of FGFR1 doesn't require galectin-1 multivalency and occurs via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, resembling in this way the uptake of FGF/FGFR1 complex. In contrast galectin-7 and -8 impede FGFR1 endocytosis, causing stabilization of the receptor on the cell surface and prolonged propagation of the signals. Furthermore, using protein engineering approaches we demonstrate that it is possible to modulate or even fully reverse the endocytic potential of galectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Żukowska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Chorążewska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ciura
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gędaj
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Marta Kalka
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Marta Poźniak
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Natalia Porębska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland.
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Purić E, Nilsson UJ, Anderluh M. Galectin-8 inhibition and functions in immune response and tumor biology. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38613488 DOI: 10.1002/med.22041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Galectins are among organisms' most abundantly expressed lectins (carbohydrate-binding proteins) that specifically bind β-galactosides. They act not only outside the cell, where they bind to extracellular matrix glycans, but also inside the cell, where they have a significant impact on signaling pathways. Galectin-8 is a galectin family protein encoded by the LGALS8 gene. Its role is evident in both T- and B-cell immunity and in the innate immune response, where it acts directly on dendritic cells and induces some pro-inflammatory cytokines. Galectin-8 also plays an important role in the defense against bacterial and viral infections. It is known to promote antibacterial autophagy by recognizing and binding glycans present on the vacuolar membrane, thus acting as a danger receptor. The most important role of galectin-8 is the regulation of cancer growth, metastasis, tumor progression, and tumor cell survival. Importantly, the expression of galectins is typically higher in tumor tissues than in noncancerous tissues. In this review article, we focus on galectin-8 and its function in immune response, microbial infections, and cancer. Given all of these functions of galectin-8, we emphasize the importance of developing new and selective galectin-8 inhibitors and report the current status of their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvin Purić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marko Anderluh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Baysal Ö, Genç D, Silme RS, Kırboğa KK, Çoban D, Ghafoor NA, Tekin L, Bulut O. Targeting Breast Cancer with N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine: Integrating Machine Learning and Cellular Assays for Promising Results. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:334-347. [PMID: 38305389 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206270568231129054853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a common cancer with high mortality rates. Early diagnosis is crucial for reducing the prognosis and mortality rates. Therefore, the development of alternative treatment options is necessary. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (D-GlcNAc) on breast cancer using a machine learning method. The findings were further confirmed through assays on breast cancer cell lines. METHODS MCF-7 and 4T1 cell lines (ATCC) were cultured in the presence and absence of varying concentrations of D-GlcNAc (0.5 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM, and 4 mM) for 72 hours. A xenograft mouse model for breast cancer was established by injecting 4T1 cells into mammary glands. D-GlcNAc (2 mM) was administered intraperitoneally to mice daily for 28 days, and histopathological effects were evaluated at pre-tumoral and post-tumoral stages. RESULTS Treatment with 2 mM and 4 mM D-GlcNAc significantly decreased cell proliferation rates in MCF-7 and 4T1 cell lines and increased Fas expression. The number of apoptotic cells was significantly higher than untreated cell cultures (p < 0.01 - p < 0.0001). D-GlcNAc administration also considerably reduced tumour size, mitosis, and angiogenesis in the post-treatment group compared to the control breast cancer group (p < 0.01 - p < 0.0001). Additionally, molecular docking/dynamic analysis revealed a high binding affinity of D-GlcNAc to the marker protein HER2, which is involved in tumour progression and cell signalling. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the positive effect of D-GlcNAc administration on breast cancer cells, leading to increased apoptosis and Fas expression in the malignant phenotype. The binding affinity of D-GlcNAc to HER2 suggests a potential mechanism of action. These findings contribute to understanding D-GlcNAc as a potential anti-tumour agent for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömür Baysal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Molecular Microbiology Unit, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Kötekli-Muğla, Türkiye
| | - Deniz Genç
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Kötekli-Muğla, Türkiye
| | - Ragıp Soner Silme
- Center for Research and Practice in Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Kevser Kübra Kırboğa
- Department of Bioengineering, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, 11230, Bilecik, Türkiye
| | - Dilek Çoban
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Molecular Microbiology Unit, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Kötekli-Muğla, Türkiye
| | - Naeem Abdul Ghafoor
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Kötekli-Muğla, Türkiye
| | - Leyla Tekin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Kötekli-Muğla, Türkiye
| | - Osman Bulut
- Milas Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Milas, Muğla, Türkiye
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Troncoso MF, Elola MT, Blidner AG, Sarrias L, Espelt MV, Rabinovich GA. The universe of galectin-binding partners and their functions in health and disease. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105400. [PMID: 37898403 PMCID: PMC10696404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins, a family of evolutionarily conserved glycan-binding proteins, play key roles in diverse biological processes including tissue repair, adipogenesis, immune cell homeostasis, angiogenesis, and pathogen recognition. Dysregulation of galectins and their ligands has been observed in a wide range of pathologic conditions including cancer, autoimmune inflammation, infection, fibrosis, and metabolic disorders. Through protein-glycan or protein-protein interactions, these endogenous lectins can shape the initiation, perpetuation, and resolution of these processes, suggesting their potential roles in disease monitoring and treatment. However, despite considerable progress, a full understanding of the biology and therapeutic potential of galectins has not been reached due to their diversity, multiplicity of cell targets, and receptor promiscuity. In this article, we discuss the multiple galectin-binding partners present in different cell types, focusing on their contributions to selected physiologic and pathologic settings. Understanding the molecular bases of galectin-ligand interactions, particularly their glycan-dependency, the biochemical nature of selected receptors, and underlying signaling events, might contribute to designing rational therapeutic strategies to control a broad range of pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Troncoso
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María T Elola
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ada G Blidner
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Sarrias
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María V Espelt
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Rusu A, Caruntu ID, Lozneanu L, Ciobanu DG, Amalinei C, Giusca SE. Galectin-8 Immunohistochemical Profile in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Emerging Evidence for Its Prognostic Role. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3215. [PMID: 37892036 PMCID: PMC10606265 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents the most frequent pancreatic malignancy, with stromal and epithelial heterogeneity reflected in outcome variability. Therefore, a molecular classification is promoted based on the validation of new diagnostic and prognostic markers. Galectin-8 (Gal8) has been pointed out as a prognostic factor for survival in several types of tumors. Due to limited existing data on PDAC, our study aimed to evaluate the Gal8 profile in PDAC alongside its prognostic status. A total of 87 cases of PDAC were immunohistochemically investigated, and Gal8 immunoexpression was qualitatively and semi-quantitatively assessed and correlated with classical clinicopathological parameters and survival. Gal8 immunoexpression was identified to be mostly nuclear and cytoplasmic, followed by exclusively cytoplasmic and exclusively nuclear. A statistical analysis between Gal8 profiles defined by negative, low, or high scores and clinicopathological characteristics showed significant differences in tumor size, pN stage, and lympho-vascular invasion. Although a Cox regression analysis did not support the prognostic status of Gal8, and we did not confirm its relationship with OS, our results show that exclusively nuclear labeling was associated with an increased mean OS compared with cytoplasmic and nuclear labeling (29.37 vs. 17.93 months). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report a detailed pattern of Gal8 immunostaining in PDAC and to correlate this pattern with clinicopathological characteristics and survival. Our results show that Gal8 immunoexpression is associated with a more aggressive phenotype, thus opening perspectives for larger studies to validate Gal8 as a prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Rusu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I—Histology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (A.R.); (L.L.); (C.A.)
| | - Irina-Draga Caruntu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I—Histology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (A.R.); (L.L.); (C.A.)
- Department of Pathology, “Dr. C.I. Parhon” Clinical Hospital, 700503 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ludmila Lozneanu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I—Histology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (A.R.); (L.L.); (C.A.)
- Department of Pathology, “Sf. Spiridon” Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Delia Gabriela Ciobanu
- Department of Pathology, “Sf. Spiridon” Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I—Morphopathology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Cornelia Amalinei
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I—Histology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (A.R.); (L.L.); (C.A.)
| | - Simona-Eliza Giusca
- Department of Pathology, “Dr. C.I. Parhon” Clinical Hospital, 700503 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I—Morphopathology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
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Rapoport EM, Ryzhov IM, Slivka EV, Korchagina EY, Popova IS, Khaidukov SV, André S, Kaltner H, Gabius HJ, Henry S, Bovin NV. Galectin-9 as a Potential Modulator of Lymphocyte Adhesion to Endothelium via Binding to Blood Group H Glycan. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1166. [PMID: 37627231 PMCID: PMC10452646 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The recruitment of leukocytes from blood is one of the most important cellular processes in response to tissue damage and inflammation. This multi-step process includes rolling leukocytes and their adhesion to endothelial cells (EC), culminating in crossing the EC barrier to reach the inflamed tissue. Galectin-8 and galectin-9 expressed on the immune system cells are part of this process and can induce cell adhesion via binding to oligolactosamine glycans. Similarly, these galectins have an order of magnitude higher affinity towards glycans of the ABH blood group system, widely represented on ECs. However, the roles of gal-8 and gal-9 as mediators of adhesion to endothelial ABH antigens are practically unknown. In this work, we investigated whether H antigen-gal-9-mediated adhesion occurred between Jurkat cells (of lymphocytic origin and known to have gal-9) and EA.hy 926 cells (immortalized endothelial cells and known to have blood group H antigen). Baseline experiments showed that Jurkat cells adhered to EA.hy 926 cells; however when these EA.hy 926 cells were defucosylated (despite the unmasking of lactosamine chains), adherence was abolished. Restoration of fucosylation by insertion of synthetic glycolipids in the form of H (type 2) trisaccharide Fucα1-2Galβ1-4GlcNAc restored adhesion. The degree of lymphocyte adhesion to native and the "H-restored" (glycolipid-loaded) EA.hy 926 cells was comparable. If this gal-9/H (type 2) interaction is similar to processes that occur in vivo, this suggests that only the short (trisaccharide) H glycan on ECs is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia M. Rapoport
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (E.M.R.); (I.S.P.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Ivan M. Ryzhov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (E.M.R.); (I.S.P.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Ekaterina V. Slivka
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (E.M.R.); (I.S.P.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Elena Yu. Korchagina
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (E.M.R.); (I.S.P.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Inna S. Popova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (E.M.R.); (I.S.P.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Sergey V. Khaidukov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (E.M.R.); (I.S.P.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Sabine André
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Veterinär Str. 13, D-80539 Munich, Germany (H.K.)
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Veterinär Str. 13, D-80539 Munich, Germany (H.K.)
| | - Hans-J. Gabius
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Veterinär Str. 13, D-80539 Munich, Germany (H.K.)
| | - Stephen Henry
- School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Design and Creative Technologies, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nicolai V. Bovin
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (E.M.R.); (I.S.P.); (S.V.K.)
- School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Design and Creative Technologies, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Yang YM, Ye L, Ruge F, Fang Z, Ji K, Sanders AJ, Jia S, Hao C, Dou QP, Ji J, Jiang WG. Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM), a Potential 'Seed' and 'Soil' Receptor in the Peritoneal Metastasis of Gastrointestinal Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010876. [PMID: 36614319 PMCID: PMC9821744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM/CD166) is a cell-cell adhesion protein conferring heterotypic and homotypic interactions between cells of the same type and different types. It is aberrantly expressed in various cancer types and has been shown to be a regulator of cancer metastasis. In the present study, we investigated potential roles of ALCAM in the peritoneal transcoelomic metastasis in gastrointestinal cancers, a metastatic type commonly occurred in gastro-intestinal and gynaecological malignancies and resulting in poor clinical outcomes. Specifically, we studied whether ALCAM acts as both a 'seed' receptor in these tumour cells and a 'soil' receptor in peritoneal mesothelial cells during cancer metastasis. Gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer tissues with or without peritoneal metastasis were compared for their levels of ALCAM expression. The impact of ALCAM expression in these tumours was also correlated to the patients' clinical outcomes, namely peritoneal metastasis-free survival. In addition, cancer cells of gastric and pancreatic origins were used to create cell models with decreased or increased levels of ALCAM expression by genetic knocking down or overexpression, respectively. Human peritoneal mesothelial cells were also genetically transfected to generate cell models with different profiles of ALCAM expression. These cell models were used in the tumour-mesothelial interaction assay to assess if and how the interaction was influenced by ALCAM. Both gastric and pancreatic tumour tissues from patients who developed peritoneal metastases had higher levels of ALCAM transcript than those without. Patients who had tumours with high levels of ALCAM had a much shorter peritoneal metastasis free survival compared with those who had low ALCAM expression (p = 0.006). ALCAM knockdown of the mesothelial cell line MET5A rendered the cells with reduced interaction with both gastric cancer cells and pancreatic cancer cells. Likewise, levels of ALCAM in both human gastric and pancreatic cancer cells were also a determining factor for their adhesiveness to mesothelial cells, a process that was likely to be triggered the phosphorylation of the SRC kinase. A soluble ALCAM (sALCAM) was found to be able to inhibit the adhesiveness between cancer cells and mesothelial cells, mechanistically behaving like a SRC kinase inhibitor. ALCAM is an indicator of peritoneal metastasis in both gastric and pancreatic cancer patients. It acts as not only a potential peritoneal 'soil' receptor of tumour seeding but also a 'soil' receptor in peritoneal mesothelial cells during cancer metastasis. These findings have an important therapeutic implication for treating peritoneal transcoelomic metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ming Yang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Lin Ye
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Fiona Ruge
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Ziqian Fang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Ke Ji
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Andrew J. Sanders
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- School of Natural and Social Science, University of Gloucestershire, Francis Close Hall, Swindon Road, Cheltenham GL50 4AZ, UK
| | - Shuqin Jia
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Chunyi Hao
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Q. Ping Dou
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100089, China
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (W.G.J.)
| | - Wen G. Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (W.G.J.)
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Zhou Y, Cai X, Wu L, Lin N. Comparative glycoproteomics study on the surface of SKOV3 versus IOSE80 cell lines. Front Chem 2022; 10:1010642. [DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1010642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Site- and structure-specific quantitative N-glycoproteomics study of differential cell-surface N-glycosylation of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells with the non-cancerous ovarian epithelial IOSE80 cells as the control.Methods: C18-RPLC-MS/MS (HCD with stepped normalized collision energies) was used to analyze the 1: 1 mixture of labeled intact N-glycopeptides from SKOV3 and IOSE80 cells, and the site- and structure-specific intact N-glycopeptide search engine GPSeeker was used to conduct qualitative and quantitative search on the obtained raw datasets.Results: With the control of the spectrum-level false discovery rate ≤1%, 13,822 glycopeptide spectral matches coming from 2,918 N-glycoproteins with comprehensive N-glycosite and N-glycan structure information were identified; 3,733 N-glycosites and 3,754 N-glycan sequence structures were confirmed by site-determining and structure-diagnostic fragment ions, respectively. With the control of no less than two observations among the three technical replicates, fold change ≥1.5, and p-value ≤ 0.05, 746 DEPGs in SKOV3 cells relative to IOSE80 cells were quantified, where 421 were upregulated and 325 downregulated.Conclusion: Differential cell-surface N-glycosylation of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells were quantitatively analyzed by isotopic labeling and site- and structure-specific N-glycoproteomics. This discovery study provides putative N-glycoprotein biomarker candidates for future validation study using multiple reaction monitoring and biochemical methods.
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Fujishita T, Kojima Y, Kajino-Sakamoto R, Mishiro-Sato E, Shimizu Y, Hosoda W, Yamaguchi R, Taketo MM, Aoki M. The cAMP/PKA/CREB and TGFβ/SMAD4 Pathways Regulate Stemness and Metastatic Potential in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2022; 82:4179-4190. [PMID: 36066360 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE This study identifies signaling pathways essential for maintaining the stemness and metastatic potential of colorectal cancer cells and proposes CREB as a therapeutic target in metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruaki Fujishita
- Division of Pathophysiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kojima
- Division of Pathophysiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Rie Kajino-Sakamoto
- Division of Pathophysiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Emi Mishiro-Sato
- Division of Pathophysiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Waki Hosoda
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Rui Yamaguchi
- Division of Cancer Systems Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Cancer Informatics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Makoto Mark Taketo
- Colon Cancer Project, Kyoto University Hospital-iACT, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Aoki
- Division of Pathophysiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Cancer Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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10
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Yong C, Li Y, Bi T, Chen G, Zheng D, Wang Z, Zhang Y. Research Progress on the Synthesis and Activity of D-Galactose Derived Small Galectin Inhibitors. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202110036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Yang Y, Sanders AJ, Dou QP, Jiang DG, Li AX, Jiang WG. The Clinical and Theranostic Values of Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM)/CD166 in Human Solid Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205187. [PMID: 34680335 PMCID: PMC8533996 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule) is an important regulator in human cancers, particularly solid tumours. Its expression in cancer tissues has prognostic values depending on cancer types and is also linked to distant metastases. A truncated form, soluble form of ALCAM (sALCAM) in circulation has been suggested to be a prognostic indicator and a potential therapeutic tool. This article summarises recent findings and progress in ALCAM and its involvement in cancer, with a primary focus on its clinical connections and therapeutic values. Abstract Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), also known as CD166, is a cell adhesion protein that is found in multiple cell types. ALCAM has multiple and diverse roles in various physiological and pathological conditions, including inflammation and cancer. There has been compelling evidence of ALCAM’s prognostic value in solid cancers, indicating that it is a potential therapeutic target. The present article overviews the recent findings and progress in ALCAM and its involvement in cancer, with a primary focus on its clinical connections in cancer and therapeutic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Yang
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (Y.Y.); (Q.P.D.); (D.G.J.); (A.X.L.)
| | - Andrew J. Sanders
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (Y.Y.); (Q.P.D.); (D.G.J.); (A.X.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.S.); (W.G.J.)
| | - Q. Ping Dou
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (Y.Y.); (Q.P.D.); (D.G.J.); (A.X.L.)
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201-2013, USA
| | - David G. Jiang
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (Y.Y.); (Q.P.D.); (D.G.J.); (A.X.L.)
- Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury HP21 8AL, UK
| | - Amber Xinyu Li
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (Y.Y.); (Q.P.D.); (D.G.J.); (A.X.L.)
| | - Wen G. Jiang
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (Y.Y.); (Q.P.D.); (D.G.J.); (A.X.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.S.); (W.G.J.)
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12
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Unraveling How Tumor-Derived Galectins Contribute to Anti-Cancer Immunity Failure. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184529. [PMID: 34572756 PMCID: PMC8469970 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review compiles our current knowledge of one of the main pathways activated by tumors to escape immune attack. Indeed, it integrates the current understanding of how tumor-derived circulating galectins affect the elicitation of effective anti-tumor immunity. It focuses on several relevant topics: which are the main galectins produced by tumors, how soluble galectins circulate throughout biological liquids (taking a body-settled gradient concentration into account), the conditions required for the galectins’ functions to be accomplished at the tumor and tumor-distant sites, and how the physicochemical properties of the microenvironment in each tissue determine their functions. These are no mere semantic definitions as they define which functions can be performed in said tissues instead. Finally, we discuss the promising future of galectins as targets in cancer immunotherapy and some outstanding questions in the field. Abstract Current data indicates that anti-tumor T cell-mediated immunity correlates with a better prognosis in cancer patients. However, it has widely been demonstrated that tumor cells negatively manage immune attack by activating several immune-suppressive mechanisms. It is, therefore, essential to fully understand how lymphocytes are activated in a tumor microenvironment and, above all, how to prevent these cells from becoming dysfunctional. Tumors produce galectins-1, -3, -7, -8, and -9 as one of the major molecular mechanisms to evade immune control of tumor development. These galectins impact different steps in the establishment of the anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we carry out a critical dissection on the mechanisms through which tumor-derived galectins can influence the production and the functionality of anti-tumor T lymphocytes. This knowledge may help us design more effective immunotherapies to treat human cancers.
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13
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Ferragut F, Vachetta VS, Troncoso MF, Rabinovich GA, Elola MT. ALCAM/CD166: A pleiotropic mediator of cell adhesion, stemness and cancer progression. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 61:27-37. [PMID: 34272152 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM/CD166) is a glycoprotein involved in homotypic and heterotypic cell adhesion. ALCAM can be proteolytically cleaved at the cell surface by metalloproteases, which generate shedding of its ectodomain. In various tumors, ALCAM is overexpressed and serves as a valuable prognostic marker of disease progression. Moreover, CD166 has been identified as a putative cancer stem cell marker in particular cancers. Herein, we summarize biochemical aspects of ALCAM, including structure, proteolytic shedding, alternative splicing, and specific ligands, and integrate this information with biological functions of this glycoprotein including cell adhesion, migration and invasion. In addition, we discuss different patterns of ALCAM expression in distinct tumor types and its contribution to tumor progression. Finally, we highlight the role of ALCAM as a cancer stem cell marker and introduce current clinical trials associated with this molecule. Future studies are needed to define the value of shed ALCAM in biofluids or ALCAM isoform expression as prognostic biomarkers in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Ferragut
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanina S Vachetta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Troncoso
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María T Elola
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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14
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Li W, Sancho A, Chung WL, Vinik Y, Groll J, Zick Y, Medalia O, Bershadsky AD, Geiger B. Differential cellular responses to adhesive interactions with galectin-8- and fibronectin-coated substrates. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs252221. [PMID: 33722978 PMCID: PMC8106957 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.252221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the cellular response to extracellular matrices (ECMs) that consist of multiple adhesive ligands are still poorly understood. Here, we address this topic by monitoring specific cellular responses to two different extracellular adhesion molecules - the main integrin ligand fibronectin and galectin-8, a lectin that binds β-galactoside residues - as well as to mixtures of the two proteins. Compared with cell spreading on fibronectin, cell spreading on galectin-8-coated substrates resulted in increased projected cell area, more-pronounced extension of filopodia and, yet, the inability to form focal adhesions and stress fibers. These differences can be partially reversed by experimental manipulations of small G-proteins of the Rho family and their downstream targets, such as formins, the Arp2/3 complex and Rho kinase. We also show that the physical adhesion of cells to galectin-8 was stronger than adhesion to fibronectin. Notably, galectin-8 and fibronectin differently regulate cell spreading and focal adhesion formation, yet act synergistically to upregulate the number and length of filopodia. The physiological significance of the coherent cellular response to a molecularly complex matrix is discussed. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhong Li
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ana Sancho
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97070, Germany
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
| | - Wen-Lu Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Yaron Vinik
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97070, Germany
| | - Yehiel Zick
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Alexander D. Bershadsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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15
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Full-length galectin-8 and separate carbohydrate recognition domains: the whole is greater than the sum of its parts? Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:1255-1268. [PMID: 32597487 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-8 (Gal-8) is a tandem-repeat type galectin with affinity for β-galactosides, bearing two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) connected by a linker peptide. The N- and C-terminal domains (Gal-8N and Gal-8C) share 35% homology, and their glycan ligand specificity is notably dissimilar: while Gal-8N shows strong affinity for α(2-3)-sialylated oligosaccharides, Gal-8C has higher affinity for non-sialylated oligosaccharides, including poly-N-acetyllactosamine and/ or A and B blood group structures. Particularly relevant for understanding the biological role of this lectin, full-length Gal-8 can bind cell surface glycoconjugates with broader affinity than the isolated Gal-8N and Gal-8C domains, a trait also described for other tandem-repeat galectins. Herein, we aim to discuss the potential use of separate CRDs in modelling tandem-repeat galectin-8 and its biological functions. For this purpose, we will cover several aspects of the structure-function relationship of this protein including crystallographic structures, glycan specificity, cell function and biological roles, with the ultimate goal of understanding the potential role of each CRD in predicting full-length Gal-8 involvement in relevant biological processes.
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16
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Cheng L, Cao L, Wu Y, Xie W, Li J, Guan F, Tan Z. Bisecting N-Acetylglucosamine on EGFR Inhibits Malignant Phenotype of Breast Cancer via Down-Regulation of EGFR/Erk Signaling. Front Oncol 2020; 10:929. [PMID: 32612952 PMCID: PMC7308504 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation, the most prevalent and diverse post-translational modification of protein, plays crucial biological roles in many physiological and pathological events. Alteration of N-glycan has been detected during breast cancer progression. Among the specific N-glycan structures, bisecting N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is a β1,4-linked GlcNAc attached to the core β-mannose residue, and is catalyzed by glycosyltransferase MGAT3. Bisecting GlcNAc levels were commonly dysregulated in different types of cancer. In this study, we utilized mass spectrometry and lectin microarray analysis to investigate aberrant N-glycans in breast cancer cells. Our data showed the decreased levels of bisecting GlcNAc and down-regulated expression of MGAT3 in breast cancer cells than normal epithelial cells. Using PHA-E (a plant lectin recognizing and combining bisecting GlcNAc) based enrichment coupled with nanoLC-MS/MS, we analyzed the glycoproteins bearing bisecting GlcNAc in various breast cancer cells. Among the differentially expressed glycoproteins, levels of bisecting GlcNAc on EGFR were significantly decreased in breast cancer cells, confirmed by immunostaining and immunoprecipitation. We overexpressed MGAT3 in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, and overexpression of MGAT3 significantly enhanced the bisecting N-GlcNAc on EGFR and suppressed the EGFR/Erk signaling, which further resulted in the reduction of migratory ability, cell proliferation, and clonal formation. Taken together, we conclude that bisecting N-GlcNAc on EGFR inhibits malignant phenotype of breast cancer via down-regulation of EGFR/Erk signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanming Cheng
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Cao
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yurong Wu
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjie Xie
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Guan
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zengqi Tan
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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17
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Endophilin-A3 and Galectin-8 control the clathrin-independent endocytosis of CD166. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1457. [PMID: 32193381 PMCID: PMC7081352 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15303-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While several clathrin-independent endocytic processes have been described so far, their biological relevance often remains elusive, especially in pathophysiological contexts such as cancer. In this study, we find that the tumor marker CD166/ALCAM (Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule) is a clathrin-independent cargo. We show that endophilin-A3—but neither A1 nor A2 isoforms—functionally associates with CD166-containing early endocytic carriers and physically interacts with the cargo. Our data further demonstrates that the three endophilin-A isoforms control the uptake of distinct subsets of cargoes. In addition, we provide strong evidence that the construction of endocytic sites from which CD166 is taken up in an endophilin-A3-dependent manner is driven by extracellular galectin-8. Taken together, our data reveal the existence of a previously uncharacterized clathrin-independent endocytic modality, that modulates the abundance of CD166 at the cell surface, and regulates adhesive and migratory properties of cancer cells. How and which cell surface molecules are taken up by clathrin-independent endocytosis is an ongoing area of research. Here, the authors show that the tumor marker CD166 is a clathrin-independent cargo that is taken up by endophilin-A3 and galectin-8, which regulates cancer cell migration.
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18
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Blakney AK, Liu R, Yilmaz G, Abdouni Y, McKay PF, Bouton CR, Shattock RJ, Becer CR. Precisely targeted gene delivery in human skin using supramolecular cationic glycopolymers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Gene delivery has become the focus of clinical treatments, thus motivating delivery strategies that are capable of targeting certain cell types in the context of both vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Blakney
- Department of Medicine
- Division of Infectious Diseases
- Section of Immunology of infection
- Imperial College London
- London W21PG
| | - Renjie Liu
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University of London
- London
- UK
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Yamin Abdouni
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University of London
- London
- UK
| | - Paul F. McKay
- Department of Medicine
- Division of Infectious Diseases
- Section of Immunology of infection
- Imperial College London
- London W21PG
| | - Clément R. Bouton
- Department of Medicine
- Division of Infectious Diseases
- Section of Immunology of infection
- Imperial College London
- London W21PG
| | - Robin J. Shattock
- Department of Medicine
- Division of Infectious Diseases
- Section of Immunology of infection
- Imperial College London
- London W21PG
| | - C. Remzi Becer
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University of London
- London
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
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19
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Madusanka RK, Priyathilaka TT, Janson ND, Kasthuriarachchi TDW, Jung S, Tharuka MDN, Lee J. Molecular, transcriptional and functional delineation of Galectin-8 from black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) and its potential immunological role. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:449-462. [PMID: 31352119 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are β-galactoside-binding lectins, which are involved in pattern recognition, cell adhesion, and stimulation of the host innate immune responses against microbial pathogens. In spite of several functional studies on different galectins isolated from vertebrates and invertebrates, this is the first report to present functional studies for galectin-8 from the marine teleost tissues. In the present study, we characterized galectin-8 homolog from black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii), in molecular and functional aspects. Rockfish galectin-8 (SsGal8) was found to consist of a 969 bp long open reading frame (ORF), encoding a protein of 322 amino acids and the predicted molecular weight was 35.82 kDa. In silico analysis of SsGal8 revealed the presence of two carbohydrate binding domains (CRDs), at both N and C-termini and a linker peptide of 40 amino acids, in between the two domains. As expected, the phylogenetic tree categorized SsGal8 as a tandem-repeat galectin, and ultimately positioned it in the sub-clade of fish galectin-8. rSsGal8 was able to strongly agglutinate fish erythrocytes and the inhibition of agglutination was successfully exhibited by lactose and d-galactose. Bacterial agglutination assay resulted in agglutination of both Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Streptococcus parauberis, Lactococcus garvieae, Streptococcus iniae and Vibrio tapetis. The tissue distribution analysis based on qPCR assays, revealed a ubiquitous tissue expression of SsGal8 for the examined rockfish tissues, with the most pronounced expression in blood, followed by brain, intestine, head kidney and kidney. Furthermore, the mRNA transcription level of SsGal8 was significantly up-regulated in spleen, liver and head kidney, upon immune challenges with Streptococcus iniae, LPS and poly I:C, in a time dependent manner. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest the contribution of SsGal8 in regulating innate immune responses to protect the rockfish from bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajamanthrilage Kasun Madusanka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanthrige Thiunuwan Priyathilaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - N D Janson
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - T D W Kasthuriarachchi
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumi Jung
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - M D Neranjan Tharuka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Zhao H, Chen J, Chen J, Kong X, Zhu H, Zhang Y, Dong H, Wang J, Ren Q, Wang Q, Chen S, Deng Z, Chen Z, Cui Q, Zheng J, Lu J, Wang S, Tan J. miR-192/215-5p act as tumor suppressors and link Crohn's disease and colorectal cancer by targeting common metabolic pathways: An integrated informatics analysis and experimental study. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21060-21075. [PMID: 31020657 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs have emerged as key regulators involved in a variety of biological processes. Previous studies have demonstrated that miR-192/215 participated in progression of Crohn's disease and colorectal cancer. However, their concrete relationships and regulation networks in diseases remain unclear. Here, we used bioinformatics methods to expound miR-192/215-5p macrocontrol regulatory networks shared by two diseases. For data mining and figure generation, several miRNA prediction tools, Human miRNA tissue atlas, FunRich, miRcancer, MalaCards, STRING, GEPIA, cBioPortal, GEO databases, Pathvisio, Graphpad Prism 6 software, etc . are extensively applied. miR-192/215-5p were specially distributed in colon tissues and enriched biological pathways were closely associated with human cancers. Emerging role of miR-192/215-5p and their common pathways in Crohn's disease and colorectal cancer was also analyzed. Based on results derived from multiple approaches, we identified the biological functions of miR-192/215-5p as a tumor suppressor and link Crohn's disease and colorectal cancer by targeting triglyceride synthesis and extracellular matrix remodeling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhao
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Junqiu Chen
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xuhui Kong
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hehuan Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yongping Zhang
- Department of Neuro-oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Huiyue Dong
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qun Ren
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shushang Chen
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhen Deng
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiang Cui
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Junqiong Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Longyan First Hospital, Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shuiliang Wang
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianming Tan
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Ferragut F, Cagnoni AJ, Colombo LL, Sánchez Terrero C, Wolfenstein-Todel C, Troncoso MF, Vanzulli SI, Rabinovich GA, Mariño KV, Elola MT. Dual knockdown of Galectin-8 and its glycosylated ligand, the activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166), synergistically delays in vivo breast cancer growth. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1338-1352. [PMID: 30905597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-8 (Gal-8), a 'tandem-repeat'-type galectin, has been described as a modulator of cellular functions including adhesion, spreading, growth arrest, apoptosis, pathogen recognition, autophagy, and immunomodulation. We have previously shown that activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), also known as CD166, serves as a receptor for endogenous Gal-8. ALCAM is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily involved in cell-cell adhesion through homophilic (ALCAM-ALCAM) and heterophilic (i.e. ALCAM-CD6) interactions in different tissues. Here we investigated the physiologic relevance of ALCAM-Gal-8 association and glycosylation-dependent mechanisms governing these interactions. We found that silencing of ALCAM in MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cells decreases cell adhesion and migration onto Gal-8-coated surfaces in a glycan-dependent fashion. Remarkably, either Gal-8 or ALCAM silencing also disrupted cell-cell adhesion, and led to reduced tumor growth in a murine model of triple negative breast cancer. Moreover, structural characterization of endogenous ALCAM N-glycosylation showed abundant permissive structures for Gal-8 binding. Importantly, we also found that cell sialylation controls Gal-8-mediated cell adhesion. Altogether, these findings demonstrate a central role of either ALCAM or Gal-8 (or both) in controlling triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Ferragut
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Cagnoni
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas L Colombo
- Área de Investigación, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Clara Sánchez Terrero
- Centro Oncológico de Medicina Nuclear, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica-Hospital Oncológico Ángel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlota Wolfenstein-Todel
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Troncoso
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia I Vanzulli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas (IIHEMA), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina V Mariño
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María T Elola
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Recent Progress in Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors (2016 to Mid-2018). BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2018; 8:bios8040132. [PMID: 30558384 PMCID: PMC6316629 DOI: 10.3390/bios8040132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
More than 50 papers on surface plasmon resonance biosensors, published between 2016 and mid-2018, are reviewed. Papers concerning the determination of large particles such as vesicles, exosomes, cancer cells, living cells, stem cells, and microRNA are excluded, as these are covered by a very recent review. The reviewed papers are categorized into five groups, depending on the degree of maturity of the reported solution; ranging from simple marker detection to clinical application of a previously developed biosensor. Instrumental solutions and details of biosensor construction are analyzed, including the chips, receptors, and linkers used, as well as calibration strategies. Biosensors with a sandwich structure containing different nanoparticles are considered separately, as are SPR (Surface Plasmon Resonance) applications for investigating the interactions of biomolecules. An analysis is also made of the markers determined using the biosensors. In conclusion, there is shown to be a growing number of SPR applications in the solution of real clinical problems.
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Galectin Targeted Therapy in Oncology: Current Knowledge and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010210. [PMID: 29320431 PMCID: PMC5796159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of cancer have increased over the past decades. Significant progress has been made in understanding the underpinnings of this disease and developing therapies. Despite this, cancer still remains a major therapeutic challenge. Current therapeutic research has targeted several aspects of the disease such as cancer development, growth, angiogenesis and metastases. Many molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unknown and current therapies have so far failed to meet their intended potential. Recent studies show that glycans, especially oligosaccharide chains, may play a role in carcinogenesis as recognition patterns for galectins. Galectins are members of the lectin family, which show high affinity for β-galactosides. The galectin–glycan conjugate plays a fundamental role in metastasis, angiogenesis, tumor immunity, proliferation and apoptosis. Galectins’ action is mediated by a structure containing at least one carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). The potential prognostic value of galectins has been described in several neoplasms and helps clinicians predict disease outcome and determine therapeutic interventions. Currently, new therapeutic strategies involve the use of inhibitors such as competitive carbohydrates, small non-carbohydrate binding molecules and antibodies. This review outlines our current knowledge regarding the mechanism of action and potential therapy implications of galectins in cancer.
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Prognostic Significance of Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM) in Association with Promoter Methylation of the ALCAM Gene in Breast Cancer. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010131. [PMID: 29315254 PMCID: PMC6017653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) has been implicated in tumorigenesis. In this study, we studied DNA methylation status of the ALCAM gene using pyrosequencing in breast cancer tissues. We analyzed the association between the methylation status of the ALCAM gene and its expression. Also, the effects of inflammation on the ALCAM gene methylation and its expression were investigated. The ALCAM gene methylation was associated with the ALCAM transcripts in tumor tissues. The methylation status of the ALCAM gene was not significantly different between tumor and normal tissues. The level of ALCAM transcripts was associated with the expression of TNFα, NF-κB p50, IL-4, and intratumoral inflammation. The IHC expression of ALCAM was associated with histologic grade, HER2 overexpression and molecular subtype. The expression of TNFα, NF-κB p50, and IL-4 showed significant association with the clinicopathologic characteristics. In conclusion, the ALCAM gene methylation was related to the level of ALCAM transcripts. Also, the level of ALCAM transcripts was associated with the inflammatory markers in breast cancer. Our results suggest that the methylation of the ALCAM gene contributes to the decreased expression of ALCAM. Also, ALCAM is linked to the inflammatory response in breast cancer.
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Quantitative proteomic analysis and comparison of two bone marrow stromal cell lines using the SILAC method. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:1059-1071. [PMID: 27539861 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Two human bone marrow stromal cell lines, HS5 and HS27a, co-cultured with myeloid cells, have frequently been used in studies of cross talk between cells in the bone marrow microenvironment and hematopoietic cells. Altered expression of proteins is typically associated with cell-cell signal transduction and regulation of cellular functions. Many studies have focused on key proteins that contribute to functional differences in cell co-culture models, but global quantitative proteome analysis of HS5 and HS27a has not been performed. We employed the stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) method using two stable isotopes each of arginine and lysine to label proteins in the two cell lines. Labeled proteins were analyzed by 2-D ultrahigh-resolution liquid chromatography- LTQ/Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Among 4,213 unique identified and annotated proteins in the cell lines, 1,462 were detected in two independent experiments. Of these, 69 exhibited significant upregulation and 48 significant downregulation (>95% confidence) in HS27a relative to HS5 cells. Gene ontology term and pathway analysis indicated that the differentially regulated proteins were involved in cellular movement, cell-to-cell signaling and interaction, and hematologic system development and function. A total of 55 items were identified in both genomic and proteomic databases. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were performed on 7 proteins randomly selected from 28 differentially expressed proteins that were identified in both databases and were involved in the top networks/pathways. We observed a decrease in apoptosis in co-cultured KG1a cells when integrin αV was inhibited in HS27a cells, which suggested the functional role of integrin αV in the co-culture system. The integrated genomic/proteomic approach described here, and the identified proteins, will provide a useful basis for further elucidation of molecular mechanisms in the bone marrow microenvironment and for ongoing studies of cross talk among stromal cells and myeloma cells in co-culture systems.
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