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Fatma F, Tripathi DK, Srivastava M, Srivastava KK, Arora A. Immunological characterization of chimeras of high specificity antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2021; 127:102054. [PMID: 33550109 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2021.102054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a serious global health problem. BCG is the only prophylactic TB vaccine and it shows variable protective efficacy. Chimeric protein subunit vaccines hold great potential as stand-alone vaccines or heterologous BCG prime boosters. We have designed a protein chimera, PP31, by combining Mtb ESAT-6 family antigen Rv1198 and MoCo biosynthesis family antigen Rv3111. Further, PP31 was extended by addition of latency antigen Rv1813c to yield PP43. Immunization of BALB/c mice with PP31 or PP43 with FIA adjuvant elicited strong humoral immune response. Restimulation of splenocytes of the immunized mice lead to significant proliferation of lymphocytes, secretion of cytokines IFN-γ, TNF, IL-2 of the Th1 class, IL-17A of the Th17 class, and IL-6. PP31 and PP43 also induced intracellular cytokine expression (IFN-γ, TNF, and IL-2) from both CD4+-CD44high and CD8+-CD44high T-cells. Antigen-specific IFN-γ+/IL-2+ double positive CD4+ T-cells were significantly higher in case of PP43 than PP31-immunized mice and control group. PP43 showed protection equivalent to heat-inactivated BCG in response to challenge of the immunized mice with Mtb H37Ra. Based on its immunogenicity and protective efficacy, PP43 appears to be a potential candidate for further development as a subunit vaccine against TB.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antigens, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Bacterial Proteins/administration & dosage
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Epitopes
- Female
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Immunization
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Tuberculosis/blood
- Tuberculosis/immunology
- Tuberculosis/microbiology
- Tuberculosis/prevention & control
- Tuberculosis Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Tuberculosis Vaccines/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Farheen Fatma
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Dinesh K Tripathi
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Mrigank Srivastava
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Molecular Parasitology and Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Kishore K Srivastava
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
| | - Ashish Arora
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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2
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Pattanaik KP, Ganguli G, Naik SK, Sonawane A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis EsxL induces TNF-α secretion through activation of TLR2 dependent MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Mol Immunol 2021; 130:133-141. [PMID: 33419561 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) employs distinct strategies to circumvent host immune responses during the infection process. Various Mtb cell-wall associated and secretory proteins are known to play a critical role in the orchestration of host innate immune responses through modulation of signaling pathways. Mtb genome encodes for 23 (EsxA-EsxW) proteins belonging to the ESAT-6 like family; however, most of them are functionally unknown. Here, we show that Mtb EsxL induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production by activating nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) via interaction with Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2). Blocking or silencing of TLR2 abrogated nuclear translocation of NF-kB and TNF-α production. Treatment with recombinant purified EsxL (rEsxL) activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway by inducing the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 kinase (p38) pathways. At the same time, inhibition of ERK and p38 down-regulated the expression of TNF-α in rEsxL exposed murine macrophages. Besides TNF-α, EsxL also induced the production of IL-6 proinflammatory cytokine. Taken together, these results suggest that EsxL is able to induce TNF-α secretion via TLR2 through activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling. This study will help in deducing therapeutic strategies for better control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geetanjali Ganguli
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sumanta Kumar Naik
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, IIT Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Meneguello JE, Arita GS, Silva JVDO, Ghiraldi-Lopes LD, Caleffi-Ferracioli KR, Siqueira VLD, Scodro RBDL, Pilau EJ, Campanerut-Sá PAZ, Cardoso RF. Insight about cell wall remodulation triggered by rifampicin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2020; 120:101903. [PMID: 32090864 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2020.101903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Rifampicin plays an important role during the treatment of tuberculosis, which makes it to be recommended throughout the regimen. The molecular target for rifampicin activity and resistance is the bacterial RNA polymerase coded by rpoB. However, it has been observed that Mycobacterium tuberculosis could use different metabolic pathways contributing to drug activity/resistance. In this sense, Proteomics analysis has been a key aspect towards the understanding of the dynamic genome expression triggered by drugs and other M. tuberculosis hostile stimuli. Herein, we aimed to report the changes in the M. tuberculosis protein profile triggered by rifampicin. The M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain was submitted to 12, 24 and 48 h of rifampicin challenge, at the minimal inhibitory concentration (0.03 μg mL-1), and proteins were extracted. The protein identification was carried out by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Four proteins, Ino1 (Rv0046c), FabD (Rv2243), EsxK (Rv1197) and PPE60 (Rv3478) were statistically underexpressed over 48 h of rifampicin exposure, indicating that in addition to the known activity of rifampin in transcriptional machinery in M. tuberculosis, processes related to disturbance in cell wall synthesis and lipid metabolism in the bacillus are also triggered by rifampicin contributing to bacillus death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Eduardo Meneguello
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Sayuri Arita
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - João Vitor de Oliveira Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciana Dias Ghiraldi-Lopes
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Katiany Rizzieri Caleffi-Ferracioli
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Dias Siqueira
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Regiane Bertin de Lima Scodro
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Jorge Pilau
- Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Paula Aline Zannetti Campanerut-Sá
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | - Rosilene Fressatti Cardoso
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Gao Y, Wen Q, Hu S, Zhou X, Xiong W, Du X, Zhang L, Fu Y, Yang J, Zhou C, Zhang Z, Li Y, Liu H, Huang Y, Ma L. IL-36γ Promotes Killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Macrophages via WNT5A-Induced Noncanonical WNT Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:922-935. [PMID: 31235551 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which primarily infects mononuclear phagocytes, remains the leading bacterial cause of enormous morbidity and mortality because of bacterial infections in humans throughout the world. The IL-1 family of cytokines is critical for host resistance to M. tuberculosis As a newly discovered subgroup of the IL-1 family, although IL-36 cytokines have been proven to play roles in protection against M. tuberculosis infection, the antibacterial mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that IL-36γ conferred to human monocyte-derived macrophages bacterial resistance through activation of autophagy as well as induction of WNT5A, a reported downstream effector of IL-1 involved in several inflammatory diseases. Further studies showed that WNT5A could enhance autophagy of monocyte-derived macrophages by inducing cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and in turn decrease phosphorylation of AKT/mTOR via noncanonical WNT signaling. Consistently, the underlying molecular mechanisms of IL-36γ function are also mediated by the COX-2/AKT/mTOR signaling axis. Altogether, our findings reveal a novel activity for IL-36γ as an inducer of autophagy, which represents a critical inflammatory cytokine that control the outcome of M. tuberculosis infection in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchi Gao
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qian Wen
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shengfeng Hu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xinying Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenjing Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xialin Du
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuling Fu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chaoying Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zelin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanfen Li
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yulan Huang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li Ma
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Exploration of some new secretory proteins to be employed for companion diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Immunol Lett 2019; 209:67-74. [PMID: 30898660 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious disease and its early and precise diagnosis is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality of patients. Since the routine diagnostic tests (like Monteux, AFB smear microscopy, chest X-Ray) do not give infallible results, additional tests are always recommended. Therefore to address the concerns about non-specificity of the present battery of diagnostic tests, we have attempted to analyze some unique secretory antigens which could be able to identify the stage specific infection of MTB. In this study, we have used recombinant proteins CFP-10, ESAT-6, Ag85 A, Ag85B, Ag85C, PE3, PE4 and Mycp1 to eliminate heterogeneity and cross reactivity in clinical diagnosis. Amplified genes were cloned and over-expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinantly purified proteins were used as antigens against 158 sera samples of TB patients. Secretory proteins showed better response than the PPD control. Among all the used antigens PE3 and PE4 proteins showed better reactivity levels among all the groups of TB patients. The secretions of CFP-10 and ESAT-6 were also higher as compared to other secretory proteins like Ag85 A, Ag85B, Ag85C and MycP1.The clinical use of these newly identified secretory antigens could be of significant value for the confirmatory, rapid, simple and low-cost diagnosis of TB patients.
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Biophysical and immunological characterization of the ESX-4 system ESAT-6 family proteins Rv3444c and Rv3445c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 109:85-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sengupta S, Naz S, Das I, Ahad A, Padhi A, Naik SK, Ganguli G, Pattanaik KP, Raghav SK, Nandicoori VK, Sonawane A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis EsxL inhibits MHC-II expression by promoting hypermethylation in class-II transactivator loci in macrophages. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6855-6868. [PMID: 28209712 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.775205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is known to modulate the host immune responses to facilitate its persistence inside the host cells. One of the key mechanisms includes repression of class-II transactivator (CIITA) and MHC-II expression in infected macrophages. However, the precise mechanism of CIITA and MHC-II down-regulation is not well studied. M. tuberculosis 6-kDa early secretory antigenic target (ESAT-6) is a known potent virulence and antigenic determinant. The M. tuberculosis genome encodes 23 such ESAT-6 family proteins. We herein report that M. tuberculosis and M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin infection down-regulated the expression of CIITA/MHC-II by inducing hypermethylation in histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me2/3). Further, we showed that M. tuberculosis ESAT-6 family protein EsxL, encoded by Rv1198, is responsible for the down-regulation of CIITA/MHC-II by inducing H3K9me2/3. We further report that M. tuberculosis esxL induced the expression of nitric-oxide synthase, NO production, and p38 MAPK pathway, which in turn was responsible for the increased H3K9me2/3 in CIITA via up-regulation of euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (G9a). In contrast, inhibition of nitric-oxide synthase, p38 MAPK, and G9a abrogated H3K9me2/3, resulting in increased CIITA expression. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed that hypermethylation at the promoter IV region of CIITA is mainly responsible for CIITA down-regulation and subsequent antigen presentation. We found that co-culture of macrophages infected with esxL-expressing M. smegmatis and mouse splenocytes led to down-regulation of IL-2, a key cytokine involved in T-cell proliferation. In summary, we demonstrate that M. tuberculosis EsxL inhibits antigen presentation by enhancing H3K9me2/3 at the CIITA promoter, thereby repressing its expression through NO and p38 MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srabasti Sengupta
- From the School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751024, India
| | - Saba Naz
- the National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India, and
| | - Ishani Das
- From the School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751024, India
| | - Abdul Ahad
- the Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751023, India
| | - Avinash Padhi
- From the School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751024, India
| | - Sumanta Kumar Naik
- From the School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751024, India
| | - Geetanjali Ganguli
- From the School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751024, India
| | - Kali Prasad Pattanaik
- From the School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751024, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Raghav
- the Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751023, India
| | | | - Avinash Sonawane
- From the School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751024, India,
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