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Cai P, Li W, Xu Y, Wang H. Drp1 and neuroinflammation: Deciphering the interplay between mitochondrial dynamics imbalance and inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 198:106561. [PMID: 38857809 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are closely intertwined with the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. Recent studies have elucidated profound alterations in mitochondrial dynamics across a spectrum of neurological disorders. Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) emerges as a pivotal regulator of mitochondrial fission, with its dysregulation disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis and fueling neuroinflammation, thereby exacerbating disease severity. In addition to its role in mitochondrial dynamics, DRP1 plays a crucial role in modulating inflammation-related pathways. This review synthesizes important functions of DRP1 in the central nervous system (CNS) and the impact of epigenetic modification on the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The intricate interplay between neuroinflammation and DRP1 in microglia and astrocytes, central contributors to neuroinflammation, is expounded upon. Furthermore, the use of DRP1 inhibitors to influence the activation of microglia and astrocytes, as well as their involvement in processes such as mitophagy, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and calcium ion transport in CNS-mediated neuroinflammation, is scrutinized. The modulation of microglia to astrocyte crosstalk by DRP1 and its role in inflammatory neurodegeneration is also highlighted. Overall, targeting DRP1 presents a promising avenue for ameliorating neuroinflammation and enhancing the therapeutic management of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyang Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wuhao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ye Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China..
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Sun F, Fang M, Zhang H, Song Q, Li S, Li Y, Jiang S, Yang L. Drp1: Focus on Diseases Triggered by the Mitochondrial Pathway. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01245-5. [PMID: 38438751 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Drp1 (Dynamin-Related Protein 1) is a cytoplasmic GTPase protein encoded by the DNM1L gene that influences mitochondrial dynamics by mediating mitochondrial fission processes. Drp1 has been demonstrated to play an important role in a variety of life activities such as cell survival, proliferation, migration, and death. Drp1 has been shown to play different physiological roles under different physiological conditions, such as normal and inflammation. Recently studies have revealed that Drp1 plays a critical role in the occurrence, development, and aggravation of a series of diseases, thereby it serves as a potential therapeutic target for them. In this paper, we review the structure and biological properties of Drp1, summarize the biological processes that occur in the inflammatory response to Drp1, discuss its role in various cancers triggered by the mitochondrial pathway and investigate effective methods for targeting Drp1 in cancer treatment. We also synthesized the phenomena of Drp1 involving in the triggering of other diseases. The results discussed herein contribute to our deeper understanding of mitochondrial kinetic pathway-induced diseases and their therapeutic applications. It is critical for advancing the understanding of the mechanisms of Drp1-induced mitochondrial diseases and preventive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Sun
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Health Science Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Fang
- Department of Gynaecology, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Huhu Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghang Song
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Health Science Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuyao Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Health Science Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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3
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Chen H, Liu Y, Zhang T, Huang T, Lang Y, Sheng Q, Liu Y, Kong Z, Gao Y, Lu S, Yang M, Li X, Wang R, Lv Z. Inhibition of the lncRNA 585189 prevents podocyte injury and mitochondria dysfunction by promoting hnRNP A1 and SIRT1 in diabetic nephropathy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 578:112065. [PMID: 37690472 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Podocyte dysfunction has been identified as a crucial pathological characteristic of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the regulatory effects of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in this process have not been fully elucidated. Here, we performed an unbiased RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of renal tissues and identified a significantly upregulated long non-coding RNA, ENST00000585189.1 (lncRNA 585189), in patients with DN. Furthermore, lncRNA 585189 was positively correlated with renal insufficiency and was upregulated in both DN patients and high-glucose-induced human podocytes. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments revealed that silencing lncRNA 585189 decreased the production of ROS, rescued aberrant mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential, and alleviated podocyte damage caused by high glucose. Mechanistically, bioinformatics analysis predicted an interaction between lncRNA 585189 and hnRNP A1, which was subsequently confirmed by RIP, pull-down, and EMSA assays. Further investigation revealed that lncRNA 585189 destabilizes the hnRNP A1 protein, leading to the downregulation of its expression. Conversely, hnRNP A1 promoted the expression of lncRNA 585189. Moreover, both RIP and pull-down assays demonstrated a direct interaction between hnRNP A1 and SIRT1, which enhanced SIRT1 mRNA stability. Our findings suggest that lncRNA 585189 suppresses SIRT1 through hnRNP A1, thereby hindering the recovery from mitochondrial abnormalities and podocyte damage. In summary, targeting lncRNA 585189 is a promising strategy for reversing mitochondrial dysfunction and treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Weiqi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Weiqi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, China
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Weiqi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, China
| | - Tongtong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Weiqi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, China
| | - Yating Lang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Weiqi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, China
| | - Qinghao Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Weiqi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, China
| | - Yingxiao Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Weiqi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, China
| | - Zhijuan Kong
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Weiqi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Weiqi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, China
| | - Shangwei Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Weiqi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, China
| | - Meilin Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Weiqi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University. No. 324, Jingwu Weiqi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Weiqi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, China.
| | - Zhimei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Weiqi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, China.
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Smiles WJ, Catalano L, Stefan VE, Weber DD, Kofler B. Metabolic protein kinase signalling in neuroblastoma. Mol Metab 2023; 75:101771. [PMID: 37414143 PMCID: PMC10362370 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is a paediatric malignancy of incredibly complex aetiology. Oncogenic protein kinase signalling in neuroblastoma has conventionally focussed on transduction through the well-characterised PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, in which the latter has been implicated in treatment resistance. The discovery of the receptor tyrosine kinase ALK as a target of genetic alterations in cases of familial and sporadic neuroblastoma, was a breakthrough in the understanding of the complex genetic heterogeneity of neuroblastoma. However, despite progress in the development of small-molecule inhibitors of ALK, treatment resistance frequently arises and appears to be a feature of the disease. Moreover, since the identification of ALK, several additional protein kinases, including the PIM and Aurora kinases, have emerged not only as drivers of the disease phenotype, but also as promising druggable targets. This is particularly the case for Aurora-A, given its intimate engagement with MYCN, a driver oncogene of aggressive neuroblastoma previously considered 'undruggable.' SCOPE OF REVIEW Aided by significant advances in structural biology and a broader understanding of the mechanisms of protein kinase function and regulation, we comprehensively outline the role of protein kinase signalling, emphasising ALK, PIM and Aurora in neuroblastoma, their respective metabolic outputs, and broader implications for targeted therapies. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Despite massively divergent regulatory mechanisms, ALK, PIM and Aurora kinases all obtain significant roles in cellular glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism and neuroblastoma progression, and in several instances are implicated in treatment resistance. While metabolism of neuroblastoma tends to display hallmarks of the glycolytic "Warburg effect," aggressive, in particular MYCN-amplified tumours, retain functional mitochondrial metabolism, allowing for survival and proliferation under nutrient stress. Future strategies employing specific kinase inhibitors as part of the treatment regimen should consider combinatorial attempts at interfering with tumour metabolism, either through metabolic pathway inhibitors, or by dietary means, with a view to abolish metabolic flexibility that endows cancerous cells with a survival advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Smiles
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Luca Catalano
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Victoria E Stefan
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniela D Weber
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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Takahashi T, Ando Y, Ichikawa H, Tsuneyama K, Hijikata T. Serum/glucose starvation strikingly reduces heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 protein and its target, cyclin D1. FEBS J 2023; 290:4126-4144. [PMID: 37095740 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Our investigation to explore cellular alterations related to undernutrition in cancer cells revealed that the protein level of heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) is drastically decreased by serum/glucose starvation. Its loss was reversible, serum/glucose starvation-specific and universal throughout cell types and species. The hnRNP A1 mRNA level and hnRNP A1 mRNA/protein stability were not altered under this condition. CCND1 mRNA, which we newly identified as the binding target of hnRNP A1, was decreased by serum/glucose starvation. Under similar conditions, CCND1 protein was reduced in vitro and in vivo, whereas hnRNP A1 mRNA level and CCND1 mRNA level revealed no correlation in most clinical samples. Functional analyses revealed that CCND1 mRNA stability is certainly dependent on hnRNP A1 protein level and that RNA recognition motif-1 (RRM1) in hnRNP A1 plays a central role in maintaining CCND1 mRNA stability and subsequent protein expression. The injection of RRM1-deleted hnRNP A1-expressing cancer cells in the mouse xenograft model did not form any tumours, and that of hnRNP A1-expressing cancer cells retained CCND1 expression at the lesion adjacent to necrosis with a slight increase in tumour volume. Furthermore, RRM1 deletion caused growth suppression with the induction of apoptosis and autophagy, whereas CCND1 restoration completely recovered it. Our results indicate that serum/glucose starvation triggers entire hnRNP A1 protein loss, and its loss may play a role in CCND1 mRNA destabilization and CCND1-mediated cellular event inhibition, i.e. growth promotion, apoptosis induction and autophagosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuyuki Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishi-Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Ando
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishi-Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirona Ichikawa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishi-Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Japan
| | - Takao Hijikata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishi-Tokyo, Japan
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Saikia BJ, Bhardwaj J, Paul S, Sharma S, Neog A, Paul SR, Binukumar BK. Understanding the Roles and Regulation of Mitochondrial microRNAs (MitomiRs) in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Status and Advances. Mech Ageing Dev 2023:111838. [PMID: 37329989 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a class of small non-coding RNA, roughly 21 - 22 nucleotides in length, which are master gene regulators. These miRNAs bind to the mRNA's 3' - untranslated region and regulate post-transcriptional gene regulation, thereby influencing various physiological and cellular processes. Another class of miRNAs known as mitochondrial miRNA (MitomiRs) has been found to either originate from the mitochondrial genome or be translocated directly into the mitochondria. Although the role of nuclear DNA encoded miRNA in the progression of various neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, etc. is well known, accumulating evidence suggests the possible role of deregulated mitomiRs in the progression of various neurodegenerative diseases with unknown mechanism. We have attempted to outline the current state of mitomiRs role in controlling mitochondrial gene expression and function through this review, paying particular attention to their contribution to neurological processes, their etiology, and their potential therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Jyoti Saikia
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi - 110007; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Juhi Bhardwaj
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi - 110007; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Sangita Paul
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi - 110007; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Srishti Sharma
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi - 110007; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Anindita Neog
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi - 110007
| | - Swaraj Ranjan Paul
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi - 110007
| | - B K Binukumar
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi - 110007; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
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Petri BJ, Klinge CM. m6A readers, writers, erasers, and the m6A epitranscriptome in breast cancer. J Mol Endocrinol 2023; 70:JME-22-0110. [PMID: 36367225 PMCID: PMC9790079 DOI: 10.1530/jme-22-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Epitranscriptomic modification of RNA regulates human development, health, and disease. The true diversity of the transcriptome in breast cancer including chemical modification of transcribed RNA (epitranscriptomics) is not well understood due to limitations of technology and bioinformatic analysis. N-6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant epitranscriptomic modification of mRNA and regulates splicing, stability, translation, and intracellular localization of transcripts depending on m6A association with reader RNA-binding proteins. m6A methylation is catalyzed by the METTL3 complex and removed by specific m6A demethylase ALKBH5, with the role of FTO as an 'eraser' uncertain. In this review, we provide an overview of epitranscriptomics related to mRNA and focus on m6A in mRNA and its detection. We summarize current knowledge on altered levels of writers, readers, and erasers of m6A and their roles in breast cancer and their association with prognosis. We summarize studies identifying m6A peaks and sites in genes in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda J. Petri
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine; Louisville, KY 40292 USA
| | - Carolyn M. Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine; Louisville, KY 40292 USA
- University of Louisville Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences (CIEHS)
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Moran H, A. Ghandhi S, Shimada N, Hubbard K. Identification of RNA Species That Bind to the hnRNP A1 in Normal and Senescent Human Fibroblasts. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.101525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
hnRNP A1 is a member of the hnRNPs (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins) family of proteins that play a central role in regulating genes responsible for cell proliferation, DNA repair, apoptosis, and telomere biogenesis. Previous studies have shown that hnRNPA1 had reduced protein levels and increased cytoplasmic accumulation in senescent human diploid fibroblasts. The consequence of reduced protein expression and altered cellular localization may account for the alterations in gene expression observed during senescence. There is limited information for gene targets of hnRNP A1 as well as its in vivo function. In these studies, we performed RNA co-immunoprecipitation experiments using hnRNP A1 as the target protein to identify potential mRNA species in ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. Using this approach, we identified the human double minute 2 (HDM2) mRNA as a binding target for hnRNP A1 in young and senescent human diploid fibroblasts cells. It was also observed that alterations of hnRNP A1 expression modulate HDM2 mRNA levels in young IMR-90 cells. We also demonstrated that the levels of HDM2 mRNA increased with the downregulation of hnRNP A1 and decrease with the overexpression of hnRNP A1. Although we did not observe a significant decrease in HDM2 protein level, a concomitant increase in p53 protein level was detected with the overexpression of hnRNP A1. Our studies also show that hnRNP A1 directly interacts with HDM2 mRNA at a region corresponding to its 3′ UTR (untranslated region of a gene). The results from this study demonstrate that hnRNP A1 has a novel role in participating in the regulation of HDM2 gene expression.
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Westcott CE, Qazi S, Maiocco AM, Mukhopadhyay S, Sokoloski KJ. Binding of hnRNP I-vRNA Regulates Sindbis Virus Structural Protein Expression to Promote Particle Infectivity. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071423. [PMID: 35891402 PMCID: PMC9318202 DOI: 10.3390/v14071423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alphaviruses cause significant outbreaks of febrile illness and debilitating multi-joint arthritis for prolonged periods after initial infection. We have previously reported that several host hnRNP proteins bind to the Sindbis virus (SINV) RNAs, and disrupting the sites of these RNA-protein interactions results in decreased viral titers in tissue culture models of infection. Intriguingly, the primary molecular defect associated with the disruption of the hnRNP interactions is enhanced viral structural protein expression; however, the precise underlying mechanisms spurring the enhanced gene expression remain unknown. Moreover, our previous efforts were unable to functionally dissect whether the observed phenotypes were due to the loss of hnRNP binding or the incorporation of polymorphisms into the primary nucleotide sequence of SINV. To determine if the loss of hnRNP binding was the primary cause of attenuation or if the disruption of the RNA sequence itself was responsible for the observed phenotypes, we utilized an innovative protein tethering approach to restore the binding of the hnRNP proteins in the absence of the native interaction site. Specifically, we reconstituted the hnRNP I interaction by incorporating the 20nt bovine immunodeficiency virus transactivation RNA response (BIV-TAR) at the site of the native hnRNP I interaction sequence, which will bind with high specificity to proteins tagged with a TAT peptide. The reestablishment of the hnRNP I-vRNA interaction via the BIV-TAR/TAT tethering approach restored the phenotype back to wild-type levels. This included an apparent decrease in structural protein expression in the absence of the native primary nucleotide sequences corresponding to the hnRNP I interaction site. Collectively, the characterization of the hnRNP I interaction site elucidated the role of hnRNPs during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Westcott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Shefah Qazi
- Department of Biology, Indiana University—Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (S.Q.); (S.M.)
| | - Anna M. Maiocco
- Center for Predictive Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Suchetana Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biology, Indiana University—Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (S.Q.); (S.M.)
| | - Kevin J. Sokoloski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Center for Predictive Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(502)-852-1249
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10
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Beijer D, Kim HJ, Guo L, O'Donovan K, Mademan I, Deconinck T, Van Schil K, Fare CM, Drake LE, Ford AF, Kochański A, Kabzińska D, Dubuisson N, Van den Bergh P, Voermans NC, Lemmers RJ, van der Maarel SM, Bonner D, Sampson JB, Wheeler MT, Mehrabyan A, Palmer S, De Jonghe P, Shorter J, Taylor JP, Baets J. Characterization of HNRNPA1 mutations defines diversity in pathogenic mechanisms and clinical presentation. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e148363. [PMID: 34291734 PMCID: PMC8410042 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in HNRNPA1 encoding heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A1 are a rare cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multisystem proteinopathy (MSP). hnRNPA1 is part of the group of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that assemble with RNA to form RNPs. hnRNPs are concentrated in the nucleus and function in pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA stability, and the regulation of transcription and translation. During stress, hnRNPs, mRNA, and other RBPs condense in the cytoplasm to form stress granules (SGs). SGs are implicated in the pathogenesis of (neuro-)degenerative diseases, including ALS and inclusion body myopathy (IBM). Mutations in RBPs that affect SG biology, including FUS, TDP-43, hnRNPA1, hnRNPA2B1, and TIA1, underlie ALS, IBM, and other neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we characterize 4 potentially novel HNRNPA1 mutations (yielding 3 protein variants: *321Eext*6, *321Qext*6, and G304Nfs*3) and 2 known HNRNPA1 mutations (P288A and D262V), previously connected to ALS and MSP, in a broad spectrum of patients with hereditary motor neuropathy, ALS, and myopathy. We establish that the mutations can have different effects on hnRNPA1 fibrillization, liquid-liquid phase separation, and SG dynamics. P288A accelerated fibrillization and decelerated SG disassembly, whereas *321Eext*6 had no effect on fibrillization but decelerated SG disassembly. By contrast, G304Nfs*3 decelerated fibrillization and impaired liquid phase separation. Our findings suggest different underlying pathomechanisms for HNRNPA1 mutations with a possible link to clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danique Beijer
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, and.,Laboratory for Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Hong Joo Kim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin O'Donovan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Inès Mademan
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, and.,Laboratory for Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Tine Deconinck
- Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Schil
- Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Charlotte M Fare
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren E Drake
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alice F Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrzej Kochański
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dagmara Kabzińska
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nicolas Dubuisson
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospitals St-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Van den Bergh
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospitals St-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicol C Voermans
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Devon Bonner
- Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jacinda B Sampson
- Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Matthew T Wheeler
- Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Anahit Mehrabyan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven Palmer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, and.,Laboratory for Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J Paul Taylor
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, and.,Laboratory for Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijk, Belgium
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11
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Clarke JP, Thibault PA, Salapa HE, Levin MC. A Comprehensive Analysis of the Role of hnRNP A1 Function and Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:659610. [PMID: 33912591 PMCID: PMC8072284 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.659610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) is a member of the hnRNP family of conserved proteins that is involved in RNA transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA transport, protein translation, microRNA processing, telomere maintenance and the regulation of transcription factor activity. HnRNP A1 is ubiquitously, yet differentially, expressed in many cell types, and due to post-translational modifications, can vary in its molecular function. While a plethora of knowledge is known about the function and dysfunction of hnRNP A1 in diseases other than neurodegenerative disease (e.g., cancer), numerous studies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, multiple sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy, Alzheimer’s disease, and Huntington’s disease have found that the dysregulation of hnRNP A1 may contribute to disease pathogenesis. How hnRNP A1 mechanistically contributes to these diseases, and whether mutations and/or altered post-translational modifications contribute to pathogenesis, however, is currently under investigation. The aim of this comprehensive review is to first describe the background of hnRNP A1, including its structure, biological functions in RNA metabolism and the post-translational modifications known to modify its function. With this knowledge, the review then describes the influence of hnRNP A1 in neurodegenerative disease, and how its dysfunction may contribute the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Clarke
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Patricia A Thibault
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Hannah E Salapa
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michael C Levin
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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12
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Harley J, Clarke BE, Patani R. The Interplay of RNA Binding Proteins, Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in ALS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040552. [PMID: 33918215 PMCID: PMC8066094 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA binding proteins fulfil a wide number of roles in gene expression. Multiple mechanisms of RNA binding protein dysregulation have been implicated in the pathomechanisms of several neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction also play important roles in these diseases. In this review, we highlight the mechanistic interplay between RNA binding protein dysregulation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in ALS. We also discuss different potential therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Harley
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Benjamin E. Clarke
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Correspondence: (B.E.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Rickie Patani
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Correspondence: (B.E.C.); (R.P.)
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13
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Park NY, Jo DS, Park SJ, Lee H, Bae JE, Hong Y, Kim JB, Kim YH, Park HJ, Choi JY, Lee HJ, Ryoo ZY, Lee HS, Kim JC, Lee EK, Cho DH. Depletion of HNRNPA1 induces peroxisomal autophagy by regulating PEX1 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 545:69-74. [PMID: 33545634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes play an essential role in cellular homeostasis by regulating lipid metabolism and the conversion of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Several peroxisomal proteins, known as peroxins (PEXs), control peroxisome biogenesis and degradation. Various mutations in the PEX genes are genetic causes for the development of inheritable peroxisomal-biogenesis disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome. Among the peroxins, PEX1 defects are the most common mutations in Zellweger syndrome. PEX1 is an AAA-ATPase that regulates the recycling of PEX5, which is essential for importing peroxisome matrix proteins. However, the post-transcriptional regulation of PEX1 is largely unknown. Here, we showed that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (HNRNPA1) controls PEX1 expression. In addition, we found that depletion of HNRNPA1 induces autophagic degradation of peroxisome, which is blocked in ATG5-knockout cells. In addition, depletion of HNRNPA1 increased peroxisomal ROS levels. Inhibition of the generation of peroxisomal ROS by treatment with NAC significantly suppressed pexophagy in HNRNPA1-deficient cells. Taken together, our results suggest that depletion of HNRNPA1 increases peroxisomal ROS and pexophagy by downregulating PEX1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yeon Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Doo Sin Jo
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - So Jung Park
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heejin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Bae
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Youlim Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Joon Bum Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Choi
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Ha Jung Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Zae Young Ryoo
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Jin Cheon Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.
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14
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Zhu S, Chen W, Wang J, Qi L, Pan H, Feng Z, Tian D. SAM68 promotes tumorigenesis in lung adenocarcinoma by regulating metabolic conversion via PKM alternative splicing. Theranostics 2021; 11:3359-3375. [PMID: 33537092 PMCID: PMC7847678 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A metabolic "switch" from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis provides tumor cells with energy and biosynthetic substrates, thereby promoting tumorigenesis and malignant progression. However, the mechanisms controlling this metabolic switch in tumors is not entirely clear. Methods: Clinical specimens were used to determine the effect of SAM68 on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tumorigenesis and metastasis, and mouse models and molecular biology assays were performed to elucidate the function and underlying mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. Results:SAM68 mRNA levels were higher in LUAD tissue than in normal lung tissue, indicating that SAM68 expression is upregulated in LUAD. Patients with LUAD with SAM68high (n = 257) had a higher frequency of tumor recurrence (p = 0.025) and recurrence-free survival (p = 0.013) than did those with SAM68low (n = 257). Patients with SAM68high mRNA levels (n = 257) were at a higher risk for cancer-related death (p = 0.006), and had shorter overall survival (p = 0.044) than did those with SAM68low. SAM68 promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis of LUAD cells in vitro and in vivo by regulating the cancer metabolic switch. SAM68 drives cancer metabolism by mediating alternative splicing of pyruvate kinase (PKM) pre-mRNAs, and promoting the formation of PKM2. Mechanistically, SAM68 increased the binding of the splicing repressor hnRNP A1 to exon 9 of PKM, thereby enhancing PKM2 isoform formation and PKM2-dependent aerobic glycolysis and tumorigenesis. Conclusions: SAM68 promotes LUAD cell tumorigenesis and cancer metabolic programming via binding of the 351-443 aa region of SAM68 to the RGG motif of hnRNP A1, driving hnRNP A1-dependent PKM splicing, contributing to increased oncogene PKM2 isoform formation and inhibition of PKM1 isoform formation. SAM68 is therefore a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of LUAD.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/antagonists & inhibitors
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung/mortality
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung/pathology
- Alternative Splicing
- Animals
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/metabolism
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- DNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Exons
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Glycolysis/genetics
- Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A1/genetics
- Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A1/metabolism
- Humans
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Analysis
- Thyroid Hormones/genetics
- Thyroid Hormones/metabolism
- Tumor Burden
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Thyroid Hormone-Binding Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, P. R. China
| | - Weiping Chen
- Department of Respiratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, P. R. China
| | - Jizhong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Vascular Center, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, P. R. China
| | - Huilin Pan
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, P. R. China
| | - Zhengfu Feng
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, P. R. China
| | - Dongbo Tian
- Department of Respiratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, P. R. China
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15
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The HNRNPA2B1-MST1R-Akt axis contributes to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in head and neck cancer. J Transl Med 2020; 100:1589-1601. [PMID: 32669614 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The deregulation of splicing factors and alternative splicing are increasingly viewed as major contributory factors in tumorigenesis. In this study, we report overexpression of a key splicing factor, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 (HNRNPA2B1), and thereby misregulation of alternative splicing, which is associated with the poor prognosis of head and neck cancer (HNC). The role of HNRNPA2B1 in HNC tumorigenesis via deregulation of alternative splicing is not well understood. Here, we found that the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of HNRNPA2B1 results in inhibition of HNC cells growth via the misregulation of alternative splicing of MST1R, WWOX, and CFLAR. We investigated the mechanism of HNRNPA2B1-mediated HNC cells growth and found that HNRNPA2B1 plays an important role in the alternative splicing of a proto-oncogene, macrophage stimulating 1 receptor (MST1R), which encodes for the recepteur d'origine nantais (RON), a receptor tyrosine kinase. Our results indicate that HNRNPA2B1 mediates the exclusion of cassette exon 11 from MST1R, resulting in the generation of RON∆165 isoform, which was found to be associated with the activation of Akt/PKB signaling in HNC cells. Using the MST1R-minigene model, we validated the role of HNRNPA2B1 in the generation of RON∆165 isoform. The depletion of HNRNPA2B1 results in the inclusion of exon 11, thereby reduction of RON∆165 isoform. The decrease of RON∆165 isoform causes inhibition of Akt/PKB signaling, which results in the upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of vimentin leading to the reduced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The overexpression of HNRNPA2B1 in HNRNPA2B1 knockout cells rescues the expression of the RON∆165 isoform and leads to activation of Akt/PKB signaling and induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in HNC cells. In summary, our study identifies HNRNPA2B1 as a putative oncogene in HNC that promotes Akt/PKB signaling via upregulation of RON∆165 isoform and promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition in head and neck cancer cells.
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16
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Libner CD, Salapa HE, Levin MC. The Potential Contribution of Dysfunctional RNA-Binding Proteins to the Pathogenesis of Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis and Relevant Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4571. [PMID: 32604997 PMCID: PMC7369711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS) is believed to underlie disease progression and permanent disability. Many mechanisms of neurodegeneration in MS have been proposed, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and RNA-binding protein dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to highlight mechanisms of neurodegeneration in MS and its models, with a focus on RNA-binding protein dysfunction. Studying RNA-binding protein dysfunction addresses a gap in our understanding of the pathogenesis of MS, which will allow for novel therapies to be generated to attenuate neurodegeneration before irreversible central nervous system damage occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole D. Libner
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada;
- Office of Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, CMSNRC (Cameco MS Neuroscience. Research Center), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 0M7, Canada;
| | - Hannah E. Salapa
- Office of Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, CMSNRC (Cameco MS Neuroscience. Research Center), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 0M7, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada
| | - Michael C. Levin
- Office of Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, CMSNRC (Cameco MS Neuroscience. Research Center), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 0M7, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada
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17
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Chaudhuri P, Prajapati KP, Anand BG, Dubey K, Kar K. Amyloid cross-seeding raises new dimensions to understanding of amyloidogenesis mechanism. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 56:100937. [PMID: 31430565 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hallmarks of most of the amyloid pathologies are surprisingly found to be heterocomponent entities such as inclusions and plaques which contain diverse essential proteins and metabolites. Experimental studies have already revealed the occurrence of coaggregation and cross-seeding during amyloid formation of several proteins and peptides, yielding multicomponent assemblies of amyloid nature. Further, research reports on the co-occurrence of more than one type of amyloid-linked pathologies in the same individual suggest the possible cross-talk among the disease related amyloidogenic protein species during their amyloid growth. In this review paper, we have tried to gain more insight into the process of coaggregation and cross-seeding during amyloid aggregation of proteins, particularly focusing on their relevance to the pathogenesis of the protein misfolding diseases. Revelation of amyloid cross-seeding and coaggregation seems to open new dimensions in our mechanistic understanding of amyloidogenesis and such knowledge may possibly inspire better designing of anti-amyloid therapeutics.
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18
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Bae JE, Park SJ, Hong Y, Jo DS, Lee H, Park NY, Kim JB, Park HJ, Bunch H, Chang JH, Lee EK, Cho DH. Loss of RNA binding protein, human antigen R enhances mitochondrial elongation by regulating Drp1 expression in SH-SY5Y cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:713-718. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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19
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Qin R, Zhang L, Lin D, Xiao F, Guo L. Sirt1 inhibits HG-induced endothelial injury: Role of Mff-based mitochondrial fission and F‑actin homeostasis-mediated cellular migration. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:89-102. [PMID: 31115479 PMCID: PMC6559301 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) has been found to be involved in diabetic vasculopathy and high glucose (HG)‑mediated endothelial injury, the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of Sirt1 in HG‑induced endothelial injury and its potential mechanism. In the present study, it was demonstrated that HG triggers the downregulation of Sirt1 by activating microRNA‑195 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), as determined by western blot analysis in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, a lower expression of Sirt1 was correlated with glucose metabolic abnormalities, aortic endothelial dysfunction and endothelial apoptosis as evidenced by western blot analysis and ELISA in mice. By contrast, the loss of Sirt1 evoked mitochondrial fission factor (Mff)‑mediated mitochondrial fission through the c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, which contributes to the apoptosis of HUVECs. In addition, Sirt1 deficiency downregulated the migration of HUVECs through F‑actin dyshomeostasis. Collectively, the results identify Sirt1 as a protective factor, which inhibits the JNK/Mff/mitochondrial fission pathway and sustains F‑actin homeostasis, and has potential implications for novel approaches to diabetic vasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology
| | - Dong Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Fei Xiao
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
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20
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Ji E, Lee H, Ahn S, Jung M, Lee SH, Lee JH, Lee EK. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 promotes the expression of autophagy-related protein 6 in human colorectal cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:255-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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21
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Shishkin SS, Kovalev LI, Pashintseva NV, Kovaleva MA, Lisitskaya K. Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins Involved in the Functioning of Telomeres in Malignant Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030745. [PMID: 30744200 PMCID: PMC6387250 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are structurally and functionally distinct proteins containing specific domains and motifs that enable the proteins to bind certain nucleotide sequences, particularly those found in human telomeres. In human malignant cells (HMCs), hnRNP-A1-the most studied hnRNP-is an abundant multifunctional protein that interacts with telomeric DNA and affects telomerase function. In addition, it is believed that other hnRNPs in HMCs may also be involved in the maintenance of telomere length. Accordingly, these proteins are considered possible participants in the processes associated with HMC immortalization. In our review, we discuss the results of studies on different hnRNPs that may be crucial to solving molecular oncological problems and relevant to further investigations of these proteins in HMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey S Shishkin
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt, 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Leonid I Kovalev
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt, 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Natalya V Pashintseva
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt, 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Marina A Kovaleva
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt, 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ksenia Lisitskaya
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt, 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
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22
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Widagdo J, Anggono V. The m6A-epitranscriptomic signature in neurobiology: from neurodevelopment to brain plasticity. J Neurochem 2018; 147:137-152. [PMID: 29873074 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Research over the past decade has provided strong support for the importance of various epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA and histone modifications in regulating activity-dependent gene expression in the mammalian central nervous system. More recently, the emerging field of epitranscriptomics revealed an equally important role of post-transcriptional RNA modifications in shaping the transcriptomic landscape of the brain. This review will focus on the methylation of the adenosine base at the N6 position, termed N6 methyladenosine (m6A), which is the most abundant internal modification that decorates eukaryotic messenger RNAs. Given its prevalence and dynamic regulation in the adult brain, the m6A-epitranscriptome provides an additional layer of regulation on RNA that can be controlled in a context- and stimulus-dependent manner. Conceptually, m6A serves as a molecular switch that regulates various aspects of RNA function, including splicing, stability, localization, or translational control. The versatility of m6A function is typically determined through interaction or disengagement with specific classes of m6A-interacting proteins. Here we review recent advances in the field and provide insights into the roles of m6A in regulating brain function, from development to synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. We also discuss how aberrant m6A signaling may contribute to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Widagdo
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Victor Anggono
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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23
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Urbanski L, Leclair N, Anczuków O. Alternative-splicing defects in cancer: Splicing regulators and their downstream targets, guiding the way to novel cancer therapeutics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2018; 9:e1476. [PMID: 29693319 PMCID: PMC6002934 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Defects in alternative splicing are frequently found in human tumors and result either from mutations in splicing-regulatory elements of specific cancer genes or from changes in the regulatory splicing machinery. RNA splicing regulators have emerged as a new class of oncoproteins and tumor suppressors, and contribute to disease progression by modulating RNA isoforms involved in the hallmark cancer pathways. Thus, dysregulation of alternative RNA splicing is fundamental to cancer and provides a potentially rich source of novel therapeutic targets. Here, we review the alterations in splicing regulatory factors detected in human tumors, as well as the resulting alternatively spliced isoforms that impact cancer hallmarks, and discuss how they contribute to disease pathogenesis. RNA splicing is a highly regulated process and, as such, the regulators are themselves tightly regulated. Differential transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of splicing factors modulates their levels and activities in tumor cells. Furthermore, the composition of the tumor microenvironment can also influence which isoforms are expressed in a given cell type and impact drug responses. Finally, we summarize current efforts in targeting alternative splicing, including global splicing inhibition using small molecules blocking the spliceosome or splicing-factor-modifying enzymes, as well as splice-switching RNA-based therapeutics to modulate cancer-specific splicing isoforms. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing.
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24
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Zhou H, Wang S, Zhu P, Hu S, Chen Y, Ren J. Empagliflozin rescues diabetic myocardial microvascular injury via AMPK-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial fission. Redox Biol 2018; 15:335-346. [PMID: 29306791 PMCID: PMC5756062 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired cardiac microvascular function contributes to diabetic cardiovascular complications although effective therapy remains elusive. Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor recently approved for treatment of type 2 diabetes, promotes glycosuria excretion and offers cardioprotective actions beyond its glucose-lowering effects. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of empagliflozin on cardiac microvascular injury in diabetes and the underlying mechanism involved with a focus on mitochondria. Our data revealed that empagliflozin improved diabetic myocardial structure and function, preserved cardiac microvascular barrier function and integrity, sustained eNOS phosphorylation and endothelium-dependent relaxation, as well as improved microvessel density and perfusion. Further study suggested that empagliflozin exerted its effects through inhibition of mitochondrial fission in an adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner. Empagliflozin restored AMP-to-ATP ratio to trigger AMPK activation, suppressed Drp1S616 phosphorylation, and increased Drp1S637 phosphorylation, ultimately leading to inhibition of mitochondrial fission. The empagliflozin-induced inhibition of mitochondrial fission preserved cardiac microvascular endothelial cell (CMEC) barrier function through suppressed mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production and subsequently oxidative stress to impede CMEC senescence. Empagliflozin-induced fission loss also favored angiogenesis by promoting CMEC migration through amelioration of F-actin depolymerization. Taken together, these results indicated the therapeutic promises of empagliflozin in the treatment of pathological microvascular changes in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Pingjun Zhu
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shunying Hu
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Department of Cardiology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 210032, China.
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25
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Therapeutic Applications of Targeted Alternative Splicing to Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010075. [PMID: 29283381 PMCID: PMC5796025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of studies has documented the pathological influence of impaired alternative splicing (AS) events on numerous diseases, including cancer. In addition, the generation of alternatively spliced isoforms is frequently noted to result in drug resistance in many cancer therapies. To gain comprehensive insights into the impacts of AS events on cancer biology and therapeutic developments, this paper highlights recent findings regarding the therapeutic routes of targeting alternative-spliced isoforms and splicing regulators to treatment strategies for distinct cancers.
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26
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Wang Y, Subramanian M, Yurdagul A, Barbosa-Lorenzi VC, Cai B, de Juan-Sanz J, Ryan TA, Nomura M, Maxfield FR, Tabas I. Mitochondrial Fission Promotes the Continued Clearance of Apoptotic Cells by Macrophages. Cell 2017; 171:331-345.e22. [PMID: 28942921 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Clearance of apoptotic cells (ACs) by phagocytes (efferocytosis) prevents post-apoptotic necrosis and dampens inflammation. Defective efferocytosis drives important diseases, including atherosclerosis. For efficient efferocytosis, phagocytes must be able to internalize multiple ACs. We show here that uptake of multiple ACs by macrophages requires dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-mediated mitochondrial fission, which is triggered by AC uptake. When mitochondrial fission is disabled, AC-induced increase in cytosolic calcium is blunted owing to mitochondrial calcium sequestration, and calcium-dependent phagosome formation around secondarily encountered ACs is impaired. These defects can be corrected by silencing the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU). Mice lacking myeloid Drp1 showed defective efferocytosis and its pathologic consequences in the thymus after dexamethasone treatment and in advanced atherosclerotic lesions in fat-fed Ldlr-/- mice. Thus, mitochondrial fission in response to AC uptake is a critical process that enables macrophages to clear multiple ACs and to avoid the pathologic consequences of defective efferocytosis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Manikandan Subramanian
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Bishuang Cai
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jaime de Juan-Sanz
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Timothy A Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Masatoshi Nomura
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Frederick R Maxfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Physiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Alternative Splicing in Genetic Diseases: Improved Diagnosis and Novel Treatment Options. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 335:85-141. [PMID: 29305015 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing is an important mechanism to regulate gene expression and to expand the repertoire of gene products in order to accommodate an increase in complexity of multicellular organisms. It needs to be precisely regulated, which is achieved via RNA structure, splicing factors, transcriptional regulation, and chromatin. Changes in any of these factors can lead to disease. These may include the core spliceosome, splicing enhancer/repressor sequences and their interacting proteins, the speed of transcription by RNA polymerase II, and histone modifications. While the basic principle of splicing is well understood, it is still very difficult to predict splicing outcome, due to the multiple levels of regulation. Current molecular diagnostics mainly uses Sanger sequencing of exons, or next-generation sequencing of gene panels or the whole exome. Functional analysis of potential splicing variants is scarce, and intronic variants are often not considered. This likely results in underestimation of the percentage of splicing variants. Understanding how sequence variants may affect splicing is not only crucial for confirmation of diagnosis and for genetic counseling, but also for the development of novel treatment options. These include small molecules, transsplicing, antisense oligonucleotides, and gene therapy. Here we review the current state of molecular mechanisms of splicing regulation and how deregulation can lead to human disease, diagnostics to detect splicing variants, and novel treatment options based on splicing correction.
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28
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Tahir W, Zafar S, Llorens F, Arora AS, Thüne K, Schmitz M, Gotzmann N, Kruse N, Mollenhauer B, Torres JM, Andréoletti O, Ferrer I, Zerr I. Molecular Alterations in the Cerebellum of Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Subtypes with DJ-1 as a Key Regulator of Oxidative Stress. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 55:517-537. [PMID: 27975168 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0294-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar damage and granular and Purkinje cell loss in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) highlight a critical involvement of the cerebellum during symptomatic progression of the disease. In this project, global proteomic alterations in the cerebellum of brain from the two most prevalent subtypes (MM1 and VV2) of sCJD were studied. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) coupled mass spectrometric identification revealed 40 proteins in MM1 and 43 proteins in VV2 subtype to be differentially expressed. Of those, 12 proteins showed common differential expression in their expression between two subtypes. Differentially expressed proteins mainly belonged to (i) cell cycle, gene expression and cell death; (ii) cellular stress response/oxidative stress (OS) and (iii) signal transduction and synaptic functions, related molecular functions. We verified 10 differentially expressed proteins at transcriptional and translational level as well. Interestingly, protein deglycase DJ-1 (an antioxidative protein) showed an increase in its messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in both MM1 and VV2 subtypes but protein expression only in VV2 subtype in cerebellum of sCJD patients. Nuclear translocalization of DJ-1 confirmed its expressional alteration due to OS in sCJD. Downstream experiments showed the activation of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidative response element (ARE) pathway. DJ-1 protein concentration was significantly increased during the clinical phase in cerebrospinal fluid of sCJD patients and also at presymptomatic and symptomatic stages in cerebellum of humanized PrP transgenic mice inoculated with sCJD (MM1 and VV2) brain. These results suggest the implication of oxidative stress during the pathophysiology of sCJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Tahir
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str., 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Saima Zafar
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str., 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Franc Llorens
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str., 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Amandeep Singh Arora
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str., 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Thüne
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str., 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str., 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Gotzmann
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str., 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Niels Kruse
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Juan Maria Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Carretera de Algete a El Casar Km. 8,1 S/N, 28130, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivier Andréoletti
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Toulouse, France
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Hospitalet de Llobregat, IDIBELL-University Hospital Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Ministry of Health, Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str., 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
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29
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Córdova-Dávalos L, Carrera-Calvo D, Solís-Navarrete J, Mercado-Gómez OF, Arriaga-Ávila V, Agredano-Moreno LT, Jiménez-García LF, Guevara-Guzmán R. Status epilepticus triggers early mitochondrial fusion in the rat hippocampus in a lithium-pilocarpine model. Epilepsy Res 2016; 123:11-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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30
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Geuens T, Bouhy D, Timmerman V. The hnRNP family: insights into their role in health and disease. Hum Genet 2016; 135:851-67. [PMID: 27215579 PMCID: PMC4947485 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1683-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 641] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) represent a large family of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that contribute to multiple aspects of nucleic acid metabolism including alternative splicing, mRNA stabilization, and transcriptional and translational regulation. Many hnRNPs share general features, but differ in domain composition and functional properties. This review will discuss the current knowledge about the different hnRNP family members, focusing on their structural and functional divergence. Additionally, we will highlight their involvement in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, and the potential to develop RNA-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Geuens
- Peripheral Neuropathy Group, VIB Molecular Genetics Department, University of Antwerp-CDE, Parking P4, Building V, Room 1.30, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Delphine Bouhy
- Peripheral Neuropathy Group, VIB Molecular Genetics Department, University of Antwerp-CDE, Parking P4, Building V, Room 1.30, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Group, VIB Molecular Genetics Department, University of Antwerp-CDE, Parking P4, Building V, Room 1.30, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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