1
|
Swer PB, Kharbuli B, Syiem D, Sharma R. Age-related decline in the expression of BRG1, ATM and ATR are partially reversed by dietary restriction in the livers of female mice. Biogerontology 2024; 25:1025-1037. [PMID: 38970714 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-024-10117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BRG1 (Brahma-related gene 1) is a member of the SWI/SNF (switch/sucrose nonfermentable) chromatin remodeling complex which utilizes the energy from ATP hydrolysis for its activity. In addition to its role of regulating the expression of a vast array of genes, BRG1 mediates DNA repair upon genotoxic stress and regulates senescence. During organismal ageing, there is accumulation of unrepaired/unrepairable DNA damage due to progressive breakdown of the DNA repair machinery. The present study investigates the expression level of BRG1 as a function of age in the liver of 5- and 21-month-old female mice. It also explores the impact of dietary restriction on BRG1 expression in the old (21-month) mice. Salient findings of the study are: Real-time PCR and Western blot analyses reveal that BRG1 levels are higher in 5-month-old mice but decrease significantly with age. Dietary restriction increases BRG1 expression in the 21-month-old mice, nearly restoring it to the level observed in the younger group. Similar expression patterns are observed for DNA damage response genes ATM (Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated) and ATR (Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related) with the advancement in age and which appears to be modulated by dietary restriction. BRG1 transcriptionally regulates ATM as a function of age and dietary restriction. These results suggest that BRG1, ATM and ATR are downregulated as mice age, and dietary restriction can restore their expression. This implies that dietary restriction may play a crucial role in regulating BRG1 and related gene expression, potentially maintaining liver repair and metabolic processes as mice age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pynskhem Bok Swer
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
| | | | - Donkupar Syiem
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Ramesh Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ciceri S, Bertolotti A, Serra A, Gattuso G, Boschetti L, Capasso M, Cecchi C, Sorrentino S, Quarello P, Ciniselli CM, Verderio P, De Cecco L, Manenti G, Diomedi Camassei F, Collini P, Spreafico F, Perotti D. Widening the spectrum of players affected by genetic changes in Wilms tumor relapse. iScience 2024; 27:110684. [PMID: 39262773 PMCID: PMC11387809 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Few studies investigated the genetics of relapsed Wilms tumor (WT), suggesting the SIX1 gene, the microRNA processing genes, and the MYCN network as possibly involved in a relevant percentage of relapses. We investigated 28 relapsing WT patients (10 new cases and 18 cases in which the involvement of SIX and miRNAPG had been excluded) with a panel of ∼5000 genes. We identified variants affecting genes involved in DNA damage prevention and repair in 12/28 relapsing patients (42.9%), and affecting genes involved in chromatin modification and regulation in 6/28 relapsing patients (21.4%), widening the spectrum of anomalies detected in relapsed tumors. The disclosure of molecular pathways possibly underlying tumor progression might allow to use molecularly targeted therapies at relapse. Surprisingly, germline anomalies, mostly affecting DNA damage prevention and repair genes, were identified in 13/28 patients (46.4%), raising the issue of performing a genetic testing to all children presenting with a WT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ciceri
- Predictive Medicine: Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Bertolotti
- Diagnostic and Molecular Research Lab, Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Serra
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Gene and Cellular Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gattuso
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luna Boschetti
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Capasso
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, AORN Santobono-Pausilipon, Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Cecchi
- Division of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Meyer University Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Paola Quarello
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Maura Ciniselli
- Unit of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Verderio
- Unit of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Integrated Biology of Rare Tumors, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Manenti
- Unit of Animal Health and Welfare, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paola Collini
- Soft Tissue Tumor Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Spreafico
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Perotti
- Predictive Medicine: Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Borlak J, Ciribilli Y, Bisio A, Selvaraj S, Inga A, Oh JH, Spanel R. The Abl1 tyrosine kinase is a key player in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy and its p53/p73 cell death mediated signaling differs in atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes. J Transl Med 2024; 22:845. [PMID: 39285385 PMCID: PMC11403941 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin is an important anticancer drug, however, elicits dose-dependently cardiomyopathy. Given its mode of action, i.e. topoisomerase inhibition and DNA damage, we investigated genetic events associated with cardiomyopathy and searched for mechanism-based possibilities to alleviate cardiotoxicity. We treated rats at clinically relevant doses of doxorubicin. Histopathology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) defined cardiac lesions, and transcriptomics unveiled cardiomyopathy-associated gene regulations. Genomic-footprints revealed critical components of Abl1-p53-signaling, and EMSA-assays evidenced Abl1 DNA-binding activity. Gene reporter assays confirmed Abl1 activity on p53-targets while immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated Abl1, p53&p73 signaling. RESULTS Doxorubicin treatment caused dose-dependently toxic cardiomyopathy, and TEM evidenced damaged mitochondria and myofibrillar disarray. Surviving cardiomyocytes repressed Parkin-1 and Bnip3-mediated mitophagy, stimulated dynamin-1-like dependent mitochondrial fission and induced anti-apoptotic Bag1 signaling. Thus, we observed induced mitochondrial biogenesis. Transcriptomics discovered heterogeneity in cellular responses with minimal overlap between treatments, and the data are highly suggestive for distinct cardiomyocyte (sub)populations which differed in their resilience and reparative capacity. Genome-wide footprints revealed Abl1 and p53 enriched binding sites in doxorubicin-regulated genes, and we confirmed Abl1 DNA-binding activity in EMSA-assays. Extraordinarily, Abl1 signaling differed in the heart with highly significant regulations of Abl1, p53 and p73 in atrial cardiomyocytes. Conversely, in ventricular cardiomyocytes, Abl1 solely-modulated p53-signaling that was BAX transcription-independent. Gene reporter assays established Abl1 cofactor activity for the p53-reporter PG13-luc, and ectopic Abl1 expression stimulated p53-mediated apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The tyrosine kinase Abl1 is of critical importance in doxorubicin induced cardiomyopathy, and we propose its inhibition as means to diminish risk of cardiotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Borlak
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Yari Ciribilli
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bisio
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Saravanakumar Selvaraj
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alberto Inga
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Jung-Hwa Oh
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Reinhard Spanel
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Leuzzi G, Vasciaveo A, Taglialatela A, Chen X, Firestone TM, Hickman AR, Mao W, Thakar T, Vaitsiankova A, Huang JW, Cuella-Martin R, Hayward SB, Kesner JS, Ghasemzadeh A, Nambiar TS, Ho P, Rialdi A, Hebrard M, Li Y, Gao J, Gopinath S, Adeleke OA, Venters BJ, Drake CG, Baer R, Izar B, Guccione E, Keogh MC, Guerois R, Sun L, Lu C, Califano A, Ciccia A. SMARCAL1 is a dual regulator of innate immune signaling and PD-L1 expression that promotes tumor immune evasion. Cell 2024; 187:861-881.e32. [PMID: 38301646 PMCID: PMC10980358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Genomic instability can trigger cancer-intrinsic innate immune responses that promote tumor rejection. However, cancer cells often evade these responses by overexpressing immune checkpoint regulators, such as PD-L1. Here, we identify the SNF2-family DNA translocase SMARCAL1 as a factor that favors tumor immune evasion by a dual mechanism involving both the suppression of innate immune signaling and the induction of PD-L1-mediated immune checkpoint responses. Mechanistically, SMARCAL1 limits endogenous DNA damage, thereby suppressing cGAS-STING-dependent signaling during cancer cell growth. Simultaneously, it cooperates with the AP-1 family member JUN to maintain chromatin accessibility at a PD-L1 transcriptional regulatory element, thereby promoting PD-L1 expression in cancer cells. SMARCAL1 loss hinders the ability of tumor cells to induce PD-L1 in response to genomic instability, enhances anti-tumor immune responses and sensitizes tumors to immune checkpoint blockade in a mouse melanoma model. Collectively, these studies uncover SMARCAL1 as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Leuzzi
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alessandro Vasciaveo
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Angelo Taglialatela
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | - Wendy Mao
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tanay Thakar
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alina Vaitsiankova
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jen-Wei Huang
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Raquel Cuella-Martin
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Samuel B Hayward
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jordan S Kesner
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ali Ghasemzadeh
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tarun S Nambiar
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Patricia Ho
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexander Rialdi
- Center for OncoGenomics and Innovative Therapeutics (COGIT), Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Department of Oncological Sciences and Pharmacological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Maxime Hebrard
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yinglu Li
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jinmei Gao
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | - Charles G Drake
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Richard Baer
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Benjamin Izar
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Center for OncoGenomics and Innovative Therapeutics (COGIT), Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Department of Oncological Sciences and Pharmacological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Raphael Guerois
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lu Sun
- EpiCypher Inc., Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alberto Ciccia
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wei X, Tang J, Lin C, Jiang X. Review: Non-canonical role of Drosha ribonuclease III. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127202. [PMID: 37793530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The typical function of Drosha is participating in cleaving pri-miRNA, the initial step of miRNA biogenesis, in the nucleus. Since Drosha has a double-stranded RNA-binding domain and two RNase III domains, when it binds and/or cleaves other RNA species other than pri-miRNA, Drosha is able to induce a variety of novel biological effects. Moreover, by interacting with other protein, Drosha is able to modify the function of other protein complexes. Recently, diverse non-classical functions of Drosha have been demonstrated, such as promoting DNA damage repair, transcriptional activation and inhibition, pre-mRNA splicing regulation, mRNA destabilization, and virus-host interaction. In this review, we describe these newly discovered functions of Drosha in order to present a panoramic picture of the novel biological processes that Drosha is involved in.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanshuo Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Tang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuwen Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nagai TH, Hartigan C, Mizoguchi T, Yu H, Deik A, Bullock K, Wang Y, Cromley D, Schenone M, Cowan CA, Rader DJ, Clish CB, Carr SA, Xu YX. Chromatin regulator SMARCAL1 modulates cellular lipid metabolism. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1298. [PMID: 38129665 PMCID: PMC10739977 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Biallelic mutations of the chromatin regulator SMARCAL1 cause Schimke Immunoosseous Dysplasia (SIOD), characterized by severe growth defects and premature mortality. Atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia are common among SIOD patients, yet their onset and progression are poorly understood. Using an integrative approach involving proteomics, mouse models, and population genetics, we investigated SMARCAL1's role. We found that SmarcAL1 interacts with angiopoietin-like 3 (Angptl3), a key regulator of lipoprotein metabolism. In vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrate SmarcAL1's vital role in maintaining cellular lipid homeostasis. The observed translocation of SmarcAL1 to cytoplasmic peroxisomes suggests a potential regulatory role in lipid metabolism through gene expression. SmarcAL1 gene inactivation reduces the expression of key genes in cellular lipid catabolism. Population genetics investigations highlight significant associations between SMARCAL1 genetic variations and body mass index, along with lipid-related traits. This study underscores SMARCAL1's pivotal role in cellular lipid metabolism, likely contributing to the observed lipid phenotypes in SIOD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Hanta Nagai
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | | | - Taiji Mizoguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Haojie Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Amy Deik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Kevin Bullock
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Debra Cromley
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Monica Schenone
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Chad A Cowan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Yu-Xin Xu
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
PLK-1 Interacting Checkpoint Helicase, PICH, Mediates Cellular Oxidative Stress Response. EPIGENOMES 2022; 6:epigenomes6040036. [DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes6040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to oxidative stress by elevating the levels of antioxidants, signaling, and transcriptional regulation, often implemented by chromatin remodeling proteins. The study presented here shows that the expression of PICH, a Rad54-like helicase belonging to the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling protein family, is upregulated during oxidative stress in HeLa cells. We also show that PICH regulates the expression of Nrf2, a transcription factor regulating antioxidant response in both the absence and presence of oxidative stress. The overexpression of PICH in PICH-depleted cells restored Nrf2 as well as antioxidant gene expression. In turn, Nrf2 regulated the expression of PICH in the presence of oxidative stress. ChIP experiments showed that PICH is present on the Nrf2 as well as antioxidant gene promoters, suggesting that the protein might be regulating the expression of these genes directly by binding to the DNA sequences. In addition, Nrf2 and histone acetylation (H3K27ac) also played a role in activating transcription in the presence of oxidative stress. Both Nrf2 and H3K27ac were found to be present on PICH and antioxidant promoters. Their occupancy was dependent on the PICH expression as fold enrichment was found to be decreased in PICH-depleted cells. PICH ablation led to the reduced expression of Nrf2 and impaired antioxidant response, leading to increased ROS content and thus showing PICH is essential for the cell to respond to oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
8
|
Bisht D, Patne K, Rakesh R, Muthuswami R. On the Interaction Between SMARCAL1 and BRG1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:870815. [PMID: 35784471 PMCID: PMC9243424 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.870815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SMARCAL1 and BRG1, both classified as ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling proteins, play a role in double-strand break DNA damage response pathways. Mutations in SMARCAL1 cause Schimke Immuno-osseous Dysplasia (SIOD) while mutations in BRG1 are associated with Coffin-Siris Syndrome (CSS4). In HeLa cells, SMARCAL1 and BRG1 co-regulate the expression of ATM, ATR, and RNAi genes on doxorubicin-induced DNA damage. Both the proteins are found to be simultaneously present on the promoter of these genes. Based on these results we hypothesized that SMARCAL1 and BRG1 interact with each other forming a complex. In this paper, we validate our hypothesis and show that SMARCAL1 and BRG1 do indeed interact with each other both in the absence and presence of doxorubicin. The formation of these complexes is dependent on the ATPase activity of both SMARCAL1 and BRG1. Using deletion constructs, we show that the HARP domains of SMARCAL1 mediate interaction with BRG1 while multiple domains of BRG1 are probably important for binding to SMARCAL1. We also show that SIOD-associated mutants fail to form a complex with BRG1. Similarly, CSS4-associated mutants of BRG1 fail to interact with SMARCAL1, thus, possibly contributing to the failure of the DNA damage response pathway and pathophysiology associated with SIOD and CSS4.
Collapse
|
9
|
Fun30 and Rtt109 Mediate Epigenetic Regulation of the DNA Damage Response Pathway in C. albicans. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060559. [PMID: 35736042 PMCID: PMC9225650 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fun30, an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler from S. cerevisiae, is known to mediate both regulation of gene expression as well as DNA damage response/repair. The Fun30 from C. albicans has not yet been elucidated. We show that C. albicans Fun30 is functionally homologous to both S. cerevisiae Fun30 and human SMARCAD1. Further, C. albicans Fun30 can mediate double-strand break end resection as well as regulate gene expression. This protein regulates transcription of RTT109, TEL1, MEC1, and SNF2-genes that encode for proteins involved in DNA damage response and repair pathways. The regulation mediated by C. albicans Fun30 is dependent on its ATPase activity. The expression of FUN30, in turn, is regulated by histone H3K56 acetylation catalyzed by Rtt109 and encoded by RTT109. The RTT109Hz/FUN30Hz mutant strain shows sensitivity to oxidative stress and resistance to MMS as compared to the wild-type strain. Quantitative PCR showed that the sensitivity to oxidative stress results from downregulation of MEC1, RAD9, MRC1, and RAD5 expression; ChIP experiments showed that Fun30 but not H3K56ac regulates the expression of these genes in response to oxidative stress. In contrast, upon treatment with MMS, the expression of RAD9 is upregulated, which is modulated by both Fun30 and H3K56 acetylation. Thus, Fun30 and H3K56 acetylation mediate the response to genotoxic agents in C. albicans by regulating the expression of DNA damage response and repair pathway genes.
Collapse
|
10
|
Brar HK, Roy G, Kanojia A, Madan E, Madhubala R, Muthuswami R. Chromatin-Remodeling Factor BRG1 Is a Negative Modulator of L. donovani in IFNγ Stimulated and Infected THP-1 Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:860058. [PMID: 35433496 PMCID: PMC9011159 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.860058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pathogens manipulate the host cell for their own survival by contributing to modifications of host epigenome, and thus, altering expression of genes involved in the pathogenesis. Both ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex and histone modifications has been shown to be involved in the activation of IFNγ responsive genes. Leishmania donovani is an intracellular pathogen that causes visceral leishmaniasis. The strategies employed by Leishmania donovani to modulate the host epigenome in order to overcome the host defense for their persistence has been worked out in this study. We show that L. donovani negatively affects BRG1, a catalytic subunit of mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, to alter IFNγ induced host responses. We observed that L. donovani infection downregulates BRG1 expression both at transcript and protein levels in cells stimulated with IFNγ. We also observed a significant decrease in IFNγ responsive gene, Class II transactivator (CIITA), as well as its downstream genes, MHC-II (HLA-DR and HLA-DM). Also, the occupancy of BRG1 at CIITA promoters I and IV was disrupted. A reversal in CIITA expression and decreased parasite load was observed with BRG1 overexpression, thus, suggesting BRG1 is a potential negative regulator for the survival of intracellular parasites in an early phase of infection. We also observed a decrease in H3 acetylation at the promoters of CIITA, post parasite infection. Silencing of HDAC1, resulted in increased CIITA expression, and further decreased parasite load. Taken together, we suggest that intracellular parasites in an early phase of infection negatively regulates BRG1 by using host HDAC1 for its survival inside the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harsimran Kaur Brar
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Gargi Roy
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Kanojia
- Chromatin Remodeling Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Evanka Madan
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rentala Madhubala
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Rentala Madhubala, ; Rohini Muthuswami,
| | - Rohini Muthuswami
- Chromatin Remodeling Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Rentala Madhubala, ; Rohini Muthuswami,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Roy P, Das A, Singh A, Panda J, Bhattacharya A, Gehani A, Parihar M, KS R, Achari R, Alaggio R, Field A, Hill DA, Dehner LP, Schultz KAP. Phenotypic similarities within the morphologic spectrum of DICER1-associated sarcomas and pleuropulmonary blastoma: Histopathologic features guide diagnosis in the LMIC setting. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29466. [PMID: 34913555 PMCID: PMC9248686 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Extrapulmonary DICER1-associated sarcomas (DS) can harbor morphological features overlapping with pleuropulmonary blastoma. We report three children with intracranial and genital tract sarcomas, suspected to have DS based on a heterogeneous yet defining combination of spindle-cell sarcomatous and blastemal morphology, with rhabdomyomatous differentiation. Foci of immature cartilage at diagnosis (n = 2/3) and increased neuroepithelial differentiation at recurrence (n = 1) were noted. Morphological suspicion prompted somatic testing at reference centers, confirming likely biallelic, loss-of-function, and "hotspot" missense DICER1 variants in all three tumors. This can serve as a model for this diagnosis in resource-limited settings and has implications for germline testing, surveillance, and tumor management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joyshree Panda
- Department of Pathology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Anisha Gehani
- Department of Radiology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Mayur Parihar
- Department of Cytogenetics, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Reghu KS
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Rimpa Achari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Rita Alaggio
- IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesu, Roma; Professor university of Padova, Italy; Adjunct Professor University of Pittsburgh
| | | | - D. Ashley Hill
- Division of Pathology, Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA and ResourcePath LLC, Sterling, VA, USA
| | - Louis P Dehner
- Lauren V. Ackerman Laboratory of Surgical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kris Ann P. Schultz
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu Y, Liu X, Yang S. MicroRNA-221 Upregulates the Expression of P-gp and Bcl-2 by Activating the Stat3 Pathway to Promote Doxorubicin Resistance in Osteosarcoma Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:861-868. [PMID: 33828027 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-221 (miRNA-221) is upregulated in several malignant tumors and is associated with poor patient prognosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of miRNA-221 in doxorubicin (DOX) resistance in osteosarcoma cells. We constructed DOX-resistant Saos-2/DOX cells and treated them with DOX. Cell viability was determined by performing a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cells were transfected with either miRNA-221 mimic or miRNA-221 inhibitor; quantitative (q)RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of miRNA-221. Flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-digoxigenin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining were used to detect cell apoptosis. The immunofluorescence method was also used to detect cell signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) protein expression distribution. In addition, Western blotting was used to detect changes in the expression of each protein. We found that miRNA-221 was upregulated in Saos-2/DOX cells. Moreover, the miRNA-221 mimic induced DOX resistance in Saos-2 cells, whereas the miRNA-221 inhibitor enhanced DOX sensitivity in Saos-2/DOX cells. The miRNA-221 mimic upregulated the expression of phosphorylated-Stat3, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) proteins in Saos-2 cells and induced the entry of Stat3 into the nucleus, whereas the miRNA-221 inhibitor exerted the opposite effect. Pretreatment with the Stat3 chemical inhibitor, STAT3-IN-3, significantly inhibited the upregulation of P-gp and Bcl-2 protein expression induced by the miRNA-221 mimic in Saos-2 cells; it also caused the Saos-2 cells to overcome DOX resistance induced by the miRNA-221 mimic. Thus, miRNA-221 increased the expression of P-gp and Bcl-2 by activating the Stat3 pathway to promote DOX resistance in osteosarcoma cells, indicating a potential use of miRNA-221 in osteosarcoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yancai Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Hengshui
| | - Xuegang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth People's Hospital of Hengshui
| | - Shan Yang
- Department of Pain Treatment, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Swer PB, Sharma R. ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers in ageing and age-related disorders. Biogerontology 2020; 22:1-17. [PMID: 32968929 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09899-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is characterized by the perturbation in cellular homeostasis associated with genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion and altered intracellular communication. Changes in the epigenome represent one of the crucial mechanisms during ageing and in age-related disorders. The ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers are an evolutionarily conserved family of nucleosome remodelling factors and generally regulate DNA repair, replication, recombination, transcription and cell cycle. Here, we review the chromatin based epigenetic changes that occur in ageing and age-related disorders with a specific reference to chromatin remodelers. We also discuss the link between dietary restriction and chromatin remodelers in regulating age-related processes with a view for consideration in future intervention studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pynskhem Bok Swer
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Ramesh Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Joseph SA, Taglialatela A, Leuzzi G, Huang JW, Cuella-Martin R, Ciccia A. Time for remodeling: SNF2-family DNA translocases in replication fork metabolism and human disease. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 95:102943. [PMID: 32971328 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the course of DNA replication, DNA lesions, transcriptional intermediates and protein-DNA complexes can impair the progression of replication forks, thus resulting in replication stress. Failure to maintain replication fork integrity in response to replication stress leads to genomic instability and predisposes to the development of cancer and other genetic disorders. Multiple DNA damage and repair pathways have evolved to allow completion of DNA replication following replication stress, thus preserving genomic integrity. One of the processes commonly induced in response to replication stress is fork reversal, which consists in the remodeling of stalled replication forks into four-way DNA junctions. In normal conditions, fork reversal slows down replication fork progression to ensure accurate repair of DNA lesions and facilitates replication fork restart once the DNA lesions have been removed. However, in certain pathological situations, such as the deficiency of DNA repair factors that protect regressed forks from nuclease-mediated degradation, fork reversal can cause genomic instability. In this review, we describe the complex molecular mechanisms regulating fork reversal, with a focus on the role of the SNF2-family fork remodelers SMARCAL1, ZRANB3 and HLTF, and highlight the implications of fork reversal for tumorigenesis and cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Joseph
- Department of Genetics and Development, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angelo Taglialatela
- Department of Genetics and Development, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giuseppe Leuzzi
- Department of Genetics and Development, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jen-Wei Huang
- Department of Genetics and Development, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raquel Cuella-Martin
- Department of Genetics and Development, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alberto Ciccia
- Department of Genetics and Development, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bansal R, Hussain S, Chanana UB, Bisht D, Goel I, Muthuswami R. SMARCAL1, the annealing helicase and the transcriptional co-regulator. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:2080-2096. [PMID: 32754981 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling proteins play an important role in DNA repair. The energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used for myriad functions ranging from nucleosome repositioning and nucleosome eviction to histone variant exchange. In addition, the distant member of the family, SMARCAL1, uses the energy to reanneal stalled replication forks in response to DNA damage. Biophysical studies have shown that this protein has the unique ability to recognize and bind specifically to DNA structures possessing double-strand to single-strand transition regions. Mutations in SMARCAL1 have been linked to Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia, an autosomal recessive disorder that exhibits variable penetrance and expressivity. It has long been hypothesized that the variable expressivity and pleiotropic phenotypes observed in the patients might be due to the ability of SMARCAL1 to co-regulate the expression of a subset of genes within the genome. Recently, the role of SMARCAL1 in regulating transcription has been delineated. In this review, we discuss the biophysical and functional properties of the protein that help it to transcriptionally co-regulate DNA damage response as well as to bind to the stalled replication fork and stabilize it, thus ensuring genomic stability. We also discuss the role of SMARCAL1 in cancer and the possibility of using this protein as a chemotherapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Bansal
- Chromatin Remodeling Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Chromatin Remodeling Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Upasana Bedi Chanana
- Chromatin Remodeling Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepa Bisht
- Chromatin Remodeling Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Isha Goel
- Chromatin Remodeling Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohini Muthuswami
- Chromatin Remodeling Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pugliese GM, Salaris F, Palermo V, Marabitti V, Morina N, Rosa A, Franchitto A, Pichierri P. Inducible SMARCAL1 knockdown in iPSC reveals a link between replication stress and altered expression of master differentiation genes. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.039487. [PMID: 31515241 PMCID: PMC6826020 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia is an autosomal recessive genetic osteochondrodysplasia characterized by dysmorphism, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, nephrotic syndrome and frequently T cell immunodeficiency. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology of the disease; however, the mechanism by which SMARCAL1 mutations cause the syndrome is elusive. Here, we generated a conditional SMARCAL1 knockdown model in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to mimic conditions associated with the severe form the disease. Using multiple cellular endpoints, we characterized this model for the presence of phenotypes linked to the replication caretaker role of SMARCAL1. Our data show that conditional knockdown of SMARCAL1 in human iPSCs induces replication-dependent and chronic accumulation of DNA damage triggering the DNA damage response. Furthermore, they indicate that accumulation of DNA damage and activation of the DNA damage response correlates with increased levels of R-loops and replication-transcription interference. Finally, we provide evidence that SMARCAL1-deficient iPSCs maintain active DNA damage response beyond differentiation, possibly contributing to the observed altered expression of a subset of germ layer-specific master genes. Confirming the relevance of SMARCAL1 loss for the observed phenotypes, they are prevented or rescued after re-expression of wild-type SMARCAL1 in our iPSC model. In conclusion, our conditional SMARCAL1 knockdown model in iPSCs may represent a powerful model when studying pathogenetic mechanisms of severe Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giusj Monia Pugliese
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Salaris
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Palermo
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Marabitti
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicolò Morina
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Annapaola Franchitto
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Pichierri
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy .,Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Via delle Medaglie d'Oro, 00136 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fragkos M, Barra V, Egger T, Bordignon B, Lemacon D, Naim V, Coquelle A. Dicer prevents genome instability in response to replication stress. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4407-4423. [PMID: 31320994 PMCID: PMC6633883 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dicer, an endoribonuclease best-known for its role in microRNA biogenesis and RNA interference pathway, has been shown to play a role in the DNA damage response and repair of double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) in mammalian cells. However, it remains unknown whether Dicer is also important to preserve genome integrity upon replication stress. To address this question, we focused our study on common fragile sites (CFSs), which are susceptible to breakage after replication stress. We show that inhibition of the Dicer pathway leads to an increase in CFS expression upon induction of replication stress and to an accumulation of 53BP1 nuclear bodies, indicating transmission of replication-associated damage. We also show that in absence of a functional Dicer or Drosha, the assembly into nuclear foci of the Fanconi anemia (FA) protein FANCD2 and of the replication and checkpoint factor TopBP1 in response to replication stress is impaired, and the activation of the S-phase checkpoint is defective. Based on these results, we propose that Dicer pre-vents genomic instability after replication stress, by allowing the proper recruitment to stalled forks of proteins that are necessary to maintain replication fork stability and activate the S-phase checkpoint, thus limiting cells from proceeding into mitosis with under-replicated DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Fragkos
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Laboratory of Genetic Instability and Oncogenesis, UMR 8200 CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Viviana Barra
- Laboratory of Genetic Instability and Oncogenesis, UMR 8200 CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Tom Egger
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoit Bordignon
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Lemacon
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Present address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doisy Research Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Valeria Naim
- Laboratory of Genetic Instability and Oncogenesis, UMR 8200 CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Arnaud Coquelle
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xu J, Sun J, Ho PY, Luo Z, Ma W, Zhao W, Rathod SB, Fernandez CA, Venkataramanan R, Xie W, Yu AM, Li S. Creatine based polymer for codelivery of bioengineered MicroRNA and chemodrugs against breast cancer lung metastasis. Biomaterials 2019; 210:25-40. [PMID: 31054369 PMCID: PMC6538300 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause for breast cancer related mortality. The combination of miRNA-based therapy and chemotherapy represents a promising approach against breast cancer lung metastasis. The goal of this study is to develop an improved therapy that co-delivers a novel bioengineered miRNA prodrug (tRNA-mir-34a) and doxorubicin (DOX) via a multifunctional nanomicellar carrier that is based on a conjugate of amphiphilic copolymer POEG-VBC backbone with creatine, a naturally occurring cationic molecule. Co-delivery of DOX leads to more effective processing of tRNA-mir-34a into mature miR-34a and down-regulation of target genes. DOX + tRNA-mir-34a/POEG-PCre exhibits potent synergistic anti-tumor and anti-metastasis activity in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the enhanced immune response contributes to the overall antitumor efficacy. POEG-PCre may represent a safe and effective delivery system for an optimal chemo-gene combination therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieni Xu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Pui Yan Ho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 96817, USA
| | - Zhangyi Luo
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Weina Ma
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Wenchen Zhao
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sanjay B Rathod
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Christian A Fernandez
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Raman Venkataramanan
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Wen Xie
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 96817, USA
| | - Song Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Michelini F, Rossiello F, d’Adda di Fagagna F, Francia S. RNase A treatment and reconstitution with DNA damage response RNA in living cells as a tool to study the role of non-coding RNA in the formation of DNA damage response foci. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:1489-1508. [DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
20
|
Qi W, Chen H, Lu C, Bu Q, Wang X, Han L. BRG1 Promotes chromatin remodeling around DNA damage sites. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2018; 22:360-367. [PMID: 30533258 PMCID: PMC6282460 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2018.1525429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling complexes play important roles in various DNA metabolism processes, including DNA damage repair. BRG1 is the core subunit of the SWI/SNF complex, which plays critical roles in cell cycle regulation, cell development, cell differentiation, and tumorigenesis. In the present study, we report that BRG1 depletion increased the percentage of apoptotic cells in etoposide-treated cells. Moreover, western blotting and immunofluorescence data showed that BRG1 depletion decreased H2AX phosphorylation and caused defective phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX) clearance. Furthermore, we found that in both SW13 and U2OS cells, BRG1 expression could increase the sensitivity of genomic DNA to micrococcal nuclease (MNase) and facilitate chromatin relaxation around DNA damage sites. Thus, the results provide evidence that BRG1 plays an important role in early DNA damage repair by remodeling the chromatin structure near DNA damage sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Qi
- Department of Bioscience, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengwen Lu
- Department of Bioscience, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingpan Bu
- Department of Bioscience, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Bioscience, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Han
- Department of Bioscience, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sethy R, Rakesh R, Patne K, Arya V, Sharma T, Haokip DT, Kumari R, Muthuswami R. Regulation of ATM and ATR by SMARCAL1 and BRG1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:1076-1092. [PMID: 30317028 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The G2/M checkpoint is activated on DNA damage by the ATM and ATR kinases that are regulated by post-translational modifications. In this paper, the transcriptional co-regulation of ATM and ATR by SMARCAL1 and BRG1, both members of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling protein family, is described. SMARCAL1 and BRG1 co-localize on the promoters of ATM and ATR; downregulation of SMARCAL1 and BRG1 results in transcriptional repression of ATM/ATR and overriding of the G2/M checkpoint leading to mitotic abnormalities. On doxorubicin-induced DNA damage, SMARCAL1 and BRG1 are upregulated and these two proteins in turn, upregulate the expression of ATM/ATR. The transcriptional response to DNA damage is feedback regulated by phospho-ATM as it binds to the promoters of SMARCAL1, BRG1, ATM and ATR on DNA damage. The regulation of ATM/ATR is rendered non-functional in Schimke Immuno-Osseous Dysplasia where SMARCAL1 is mutated and in Coffin-Siris Syndrome where BRG1 is mutated. Thus, an intricate transcriptional regulation of DNA damage response genes mediated by SMARCAL1 and BRG1 is present in mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ketki Patne
- School of Life Sciences, JNU, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bansal R, Arya V, Sethy R, Rakesh R, Muthuswami R. RecA-like domain 2 of DNA-dependent ATPase A domain, a SWI2/SNF2 protein, mediates conformational integrity and ATP hydrolysis. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180568. [PMID: 29748240 PMCID: PMC6019379 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling proteins use the energy released from ATP hydrolysis to reposition nucleosomes in DNA-dependent processes. These proteins are classified as SF2 helicases. SMARCAL1, a member of this protein family, is known to modulate both DNA repair and transcription by specifically recognizing DNA molecules possessing double-strand to single-strand transition regions. Mutations in this gene cause a rare autosomal recessive disorder known as Schimke Immuno-Osseous Dysplasia (SIOD).Structural studies have shown that the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling proteins possess two RecA-like domains termed as RecA-like domain 1 and RecA-like domain 2. Using Active DNA-dependent ATPase A domain (ADAAD), the bovine homolog of SMARCAL1, as a model system we had previously shown that the RecA-like domain 1 containing helicase motifs Q, I, Ia, II, and III are sufficient for ligand binding; however, the Rec A-like domain 2 containing motifs IV, V, and VI are needed for ATP hydrolysis. In the present study, we have focused on the motifs present in the RecA-like domain 2. Our studies demonstrate that the presence of an aromatic residue in motif IV is needed for interaction with DNA in the presence of ATP. We also show that the motif V is required for the catalytic efficiency of the protein and motif VI is needed for interaction with DNA in the presence of ATP. Finally, we show that the SIOD-associated mutation, R820H, present in motif VI results in loss of ATPase activity, and therefore, reduced response to DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Bansal
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vijendra Arya
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ramesh Sethy
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | - Rohini Muthuswami
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
A large number of SNF2 family, DNA and ATP-dependent motor proteins are needed during transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair to manipulate protein-DNA interactions and change DNA structure. SMARCAL1, ZRANB3, and HLTF are three related members of this family with specialized functions that maintain genome stability during DNA replication. These proteins are recruited to replication forks through protein-protein interactions and bind DNA using both their motor and substrate recognition domains (SRDs). The SRD provides specificity to DNA structures like forks and junctions and confers DNA remodeling activity to the motor domains. Remodeling reactions include fork reversal and branch migration to promote fork stabilization, template switching, and repair. Regulation ensures these powerful activities remain controlled and restricted to damaged replication forks. Inherited mutations in SMARCAL1 cause a severe developmental disorder and mutations in ZRANB3 and HLTF are linked to cancer illustrating the importance of these enzymes in ensuring complete and accurate DNA replication. In this review, we examine how these proteins function, concentrating on their common and unique attributes and regulatory mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Poole
- a Department of Biochemistry , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - David Cortez
- a Department of Biochemistry , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , TN , USA
| |
Collapse
|