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Dave A, Park EJ, Pezzuto JM. Multi-Organ Nutrigenomic Effects of Dietary Grapes in a Mouse Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1821. [PMID: 37891900 PMCID: PMC10604885 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As a whole food, the potential health benefits of table grapes have been widely studied. Some individual constituents have garnered great attention, particularly resveratrol, but normal quantities in the diet are meniscal. On the other hand, the grape contains hundreds of compounds, many of which have antioxidant potential. Nonetheless, the achievement of serum or tissue concentrations of grape antioxidants sufficient to mediate a direct quenching effect is not likely, which supports the idea of biological responses being mediated by an indirect catalytic-type response. We demonstrate herein with Hsd:ICR (CD-1® Outbred, 18-24 g, 3-4 weeks old, female) mice that supplementation of a semi-synthetic diet with a grape surrogate, equivalent to the human consumption of 2.5 servings per day for 12 months, modulates gene expression in the liver, kidney, colon, and ovary. As might be expected when sampling changes in a pool of over 35,000 genes, there are numerous functional implications. Analysis of some specific differentially expressed genes suggests the potential of grape consumption to bolster metabolic detoxification and regulation of reactive oxygen species in the liver, cellular metabolism, and anti-inflammatory activity in the ovary and kidney. In the colon, the data suggest anti-inflammatory activity, suppression of mitochondrial dysfunction, and maintaining homeostasis. Pathway analysis reveals a combination of up- and down-regulation in the target tissues, primarily up-regulated in the kidney and down-regulated in the ovary. More broadly, based on these data, it seems logical to conclude that grape consumption leads to modulation of gene expression throughout the body, the consequence of which may help to explain the broad array of activities demonstrated in diverse tissues such as the brain, heart, eye, bladder, and colon. In addition, this work further supports the profound impact of nutrigenomics on mammalian phenotypic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Dave
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (A.D.); (E.-J.P.)
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (A.D.); (E.-J.P.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119, USA
| | - John M. Pezzuto
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119, USA
- Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School—Baystate, Springfield, MA 01199, USA
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2
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Balamurugan K, Medishetti R, Rao P, K RV, Chatti K, Parsa KV. Protocol to evaluate hyperlipidemia in zebrafish larvae. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101819. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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3
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Takumi H, Kato K, Nakanishi H, Tamura M, Ohto-N T, Nagao S, Hirose J. Comprehensive Analysis of Lipid Composition in Human Foremilk and Hindmilk. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:947-957. [PMID: 35691839 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision nutrition, also referred to as personalized nutrition, focuses on the individual to determine the individual's most effective eating plan to prevent or treat disease. A precision nutrition for infants requires the determination of the profile of human milk. We compared the lipid profiles of the foremilk (i.e., the initial milk of a breastfeed) and hindmilk (the last milk) of six Japanese subjects and evaluated whether a human milk lipid profile is useful for precision nutrition even though the fat concentration fluctuates during lactation. We detected and quantified 527 species with a lipidome analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The fat concentration in hindmilk (120.6 ± 66.7 μmol/mL) was significantly higher than that in foremilk (68.6 ± 33.3 μmol/mL). While the total carbon number of fatty acids in triglyceride (TG) was highest in C52 for all subjects, the second or third number differed among the subjects. Both the distribution of total carbon number of fatty acids included in TG and the distribution of fatty acids in TG classified by the number of double bonds were almost the same in the foremilk and hindmilk in each subject. The lipids levels containing docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid in total lipids of the foremilk and the hindmilk were almost the same in each subject. Among the sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids, the level of sphingomyelin was the highest in four subjects' milk, and phosphatidylcholine was the highest in the other two subjects' milk. The order of their major species was the same in each foremilk and hindmilk. A clustering heatmap revealed the differences between foremilk and hindmilk in the same subject were smaller than the differences among individuals. Our analyses indicate that a human-milk lipid profile reflects individual characteristics and is a worthwhile focus for precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuko Kato
- Applied Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd
| | | | | | | | | | - Junko Hirose
- School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture
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4
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Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Liu C, Yan D, Dong P. Compositional Differences Between Preterm Milk of Different Gestational Ages with the Term Milk: A Comparative Lipidomic Study by LC‐MS/MS. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202100224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐chun Zhao
- Department of Neonatology Children's Hospital of Shanghai 355 Luding Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Child Healthcare Children's Hospital of Fudan University National Children's Medical Center 399 Wanyuan Road Shanghai 201102 P. R. China
| | - Chun‐xue Liu
- Department of Child Healthcare Children's Hospital of Fudan University National Children's Medical Center 399 Wanyuan Road Shanghai 201102 P. R. China
| | - Dong‐yong Yan
- Department of Child Healthcare Children's Hospital of Fudan University National Children's Medical Center 399 Wanyuan Road Shanghai 201102 P. R. China
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of Child Healthcare Children's Hospital of Fudan University National Children's Medical Center 399 Wanyuan Road Shanghai 201102 P. R. China
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A Planar Culture Model of Human Absorptive Enterocytes Reveals Metformin Increases Fatty Acid Oxidation and Export. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:409-434. [PMID: 35489715 PMCID: PMC9305019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fatty acid oxidation by absorptive enterocytes has been linked to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Caco-2 and organoids have been used to study dietary lipid-handling processes including fatty acid oxidation, but are limited in physiological relevance or preclude simultaneous apical and basal access. Here, we developed a high-throughput planar human absorptive enterocyte monolayer system for investigating lipid handling, and then evaluated the role of fatty acid oxidation in fatty acid export, using etomoxir, C75, and the antidiabetic drug metformin. METHODS Single-cell RNA-sequencing, transcriptomics, and lineage trajectory was performed on primary human jejunum. In vivo absorptive enterocyte maturational states informed conditions used to differentiate human intestinal stem cells (ISCs) that mimic in vivo absorptive enterocyte maturation. The system was scaled for high-throughput drug screening. Fatty acid oxidation was modulated pharmacologically and BODIPY (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) (B)-labeled fatty acids were used to evaluate fatty acid handling via fluorescence and thin-layer chromatography. RESULTS Single-cell RNA-sequencing shows increasing expression of lipid-handling genes as absorptive enterocytes mature. Culture conditions promote ISC differentiation into confluent absorptive enterocyte monolayers. Fatty acid-handling gene expression mimics in vivo maturational states. The fatty acid oxidation inhibitor etomoxir decreased apical-to-basolateral export of medium-chain B-C12 and long-chain B-C16 fatty acids, whereas the CPT1 agonist C75 and the antidiabetic drug metformin increased apical-to-basolateral export. Short-chain B-C5 was unaffected by fatty acid oxidation inhibition and diffused through absorptive enterocytes. CONCLUSIONS Primary human ISCs in culture undergo programmed maturation. Absorptive enterocyte monolayers show in vivo maturational states and lipid-handling gene expression profiles. Absorptive enterocytes create strong epithelial barriers in 96-Transwell format. Fatty acid export is proportional to fatty acid oxidation. Metformin enhances fatty acid oxidation and increases basolateral fatty acid export, supporting an intestine-specific role.
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6
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Etayo A, Le HTMD, Araujo P, Lie KK, Sæle Ø. Dietary Lipid Modulation of Intestinal Serotonin in Ballan Wrasse ( Labrus bergylta)- In Vitro Analyses. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:560055. [PMID: 33833735 PMCID: PMC8021958 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.560055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is pivotal in the complex regulation of gut motility and consequent digestion of nutrients via multiple receptors. We investigated the serotonergic system in an agastric fish species, the ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) as it represents a unique model for intestinal function. Here we present evidence of the presence of enterochromaffin cells (EC cells) in the gut of ballan wrasse comprising transcriptomic data on EC markers like adra2a, trpa1, adgrg4, lmxa1, spack1, serpina10, as well as the localization of 5-HT and mRNA of the rate limiting enzyme; tryptophan hydroxylase (tph1) in the gut epithelium. Second, we examined the effects of dietary marine lipids on the enteric serotonergic system in this stomach-less teleost by administrating a hydrolyzed lipid bolus in ex vivo guts in an organ bath system. Modulation of the mRNA expression from the tryptophan hydroxylase tph1 (EC cells isoform), tph2 (neural isoform), and other genes involved in the serotonergic machinery were tracked. Our results showed no evidence to confirm that the dietary lipid meal did boost the production of 5-HT within the EC cells as mRNA tph1 was weakly regulated postprandially. However, dietary lipid seemed to upregulate the post-prandial expression of tph2 found in the serotonergic neurons. 5-HT in the intestinal tissue increased 3 hours after "exposure" of lipids, as was observed in the mRNA expression of tph2. This suggest that serotonergic neurons and not EC cells are responsible for the substantial increment of 5-HT after a lipid-reach "meal" in ballan wrasse. Cells expressing tph1 were identified in the gut epithelium, characteristic for EC cells. However, Tph1 positive cells were also present in the lamina propria. Characterization of these cells together with their implications in the serotonergic system will contribute to broad the scarce knowledge of the serotonergic system across teleosts.
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7
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Ka J, Jin SW. Zebrafish as an Emerging Model for Dyslipidemia and Associated Diseases. J Lipid Atheroscler 2020; 10:42-56. [PMID: 33537252 PMCID: PMC7838516 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2021.10.1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia related diseases such as hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis are the leading cause of death in humans. While cellular and molecular basis on the pathophysiology of dyslipidemia has been extensively investigated over decades, we still lack comprehensive understanding on the etiology of dyslipidemia due to the complexity and the innate multimodality of the diseases. While mouse has been the model organism of choice to investigate the pathophysiology of human dyslipidemia, zebrafish, a small freshwater fish which has traditionally used to study vertebrate development, has recently emerged as an alternative model organism. In this review, we will provide comprehensive perspective on zebrafish as a model organism for human dyslipidemia; we will discuss the attributes of zebrafish as a model, and compare the lipid metabolism in zebrafish and humans. In addition, we will summarize current landscape of zebrafish-based dyslipidemia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ka
- Cell Logistics Research Center and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Suk-Won Jin
- Cell Logistics Research Center and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea.,Yale Cardiovascular Research Center and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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8
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Huang Z, Brennan CS, Mohan MS, Stipkovits L, Zheng H, Kulasiri D, Guan W, Zhao H, Liu J. Milk lipid
in vitro
digestibility in wheat, corn and rice starch hydrogels. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Huang
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences Lincoln University P.O. Box 85084 Lincoln 7647 Christchurch New Zealand
- Riddet Research Institute Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
| | - Charles S. Brennan
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences Lincoln University P.O. Box 85084 Lincoln 7647 Christchurch New Zealand
- Riddet Research Institute Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology School of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of Commerce Tianjin 300134 China
| | - Maneesha S. Mohan
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences Lincoln University P.O. Box 85084 Lincoln 7647 Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Letitia Stipkovits
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences Lincoln University P.O. Box 85084 Lincoln 7647 Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Haotian Zheng
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Southeast Dairy Foods Research Center Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Don Kulasiri
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences Lincoln University P.O. Box 85084 Lincoln 7647 Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Wenqiang Guan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology School of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of Commerce Tianjin 300134 China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology School of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of Commerce Tianjin 300134 China
| | - Jianfu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology School of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of Commerce Tianjin 300134 China
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9
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Huang Z, Brennan CS, Zhao H, Liu J, Guan W, Mohan MS, Stipkovits L, Zheng H, Kulasiri D. Fabrication and assessment of milk phospholipid-complexed antioxidant phytosomes with vitamin C and E: A comparison with liposomes. Food Chem 2020; 324:126837. [PMID: 32339791 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidences have shown that phytosome assemblies are novel drug delivery system. However, studies of phytosomes in food applications are scarce. The characteristics of milk phospholipid assemblies and their functionality in terms of in vitro digestibility and bioavailability of encapsulated nutrients (ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol) were studied. The phytosomes were fabricated using ethanolic evaporation technique. Spectral analysis revealed that polar parts of phospholipids formed hydrogen bonds with ascorbic acid hydroxyl groups, further, incorporating ascorbic acid or α-tocopherol into the phospholipid assembly changed the chemical conformation of the complexes. Phospholipid-ascorbic acid phytosomes yielded an optimal complexing index of 98.52 ± 0.03% at a molar ratio of 1:1. Phytosomes exhibited good biocompatibility on intestinal epithelial cells. The cellular uptake of ascorbic acid was 29.06 ± 1.18% for phytosomes. It was higher than that for liposomes (24.14 ± 0.60%) and for ascorbic acid aqueous solution (1.17 ± 0.70%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, Christchurch 7647, New Zealand; Riddet Research Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Charles Stephen Brennan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, Christchurch 7647, New Zealand; Riddet Research Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Jianfu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Wenqiang Guan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China.
| | - Maneesha S Mohan
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, Christchurch 7647, New Zealand
| | - Letitia Stipkovits
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, Christchurch 7647, New Zealand
| | - Haotian Zheng
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Southeast Dairy Foods Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; Dairy Innovation Institute, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, United States
| | - Don Kulasiri
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, Christchurch 7647, New Zealand
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10
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Pekmez CT, Larsson MW, Lind MV, Vazquez Manjarrez N, Yonemitsu C, Larnkjaer A, Bode L, Mølgaard C, Michaelsen KF, Dragsted LO. Breastmilk Lipids and Oligosaccharides Influence Branched Short-Chain Fatty Acid Concentrations in Infants with Excessive Weight Gain. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900977. [PMID: 31801176 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim is to identify breastmilk components associated with fecal concentration of SCFAs and to investigate whether they differ between infants with high weight gain (HW) and normal weight gain (NW). METHODS AND RESULTS Breastmilk and fecal samples are collected from mother-infant dyads with HW (n = 11) and NW (n = 15) at 5 and 9 months of age. Breastmilk is profiled on ultra-performance LC-quadrupole TOF-MS platform. Fecal SCFAs are quantified using an isotope-labeled chemical derivatization method. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are quantified using HPLC after fluorescent derivatization. Lower levels of α-linolenic acid, oleic acid, 3-oxohexadecanoic acid, LPE (P-16:0), LPC (16:0), LPC (18:0), PC (36:2) in breastmilk from mothers from the HW-group at 5 months of age is found. Fecal SCFA concentrations are increased during the transition period from breastfeeding to complementary feeding. Fecal butyrate concentration is higher in the NW-group at 9 months of age. Fecal branched SCFAs are positively associated with breastmilk phospholipid levels, free-fatty acid levels, HMO-diversity, sialylated-HMOs, 6'-sialyllactose, and disialyl-lacto-N-hexaose. CONCLUSION Fecal branched SCFA concentrations seem to be affected by breastmilk lipid and HMO composition. These differences in breastmilk metabolites may partially explain the excessive weight gain in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyda Tugba Pekmez
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Melanie Wange Larsson
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark.,Department of Nursing and Nutrition, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Mads Vendelbo Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark
| | - Natalia Vazquez Manjarrez
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark
| | - Chloe Yonemitsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Anni Larnkjaer
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark
| | - Lars Bode
- Department of Pediatrics, Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Christian Mølgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark
| | - Kim F Michaelsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark
| | - Lars Ove Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark
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Gedi MA, Magee KJ, Darwish R, Eakpetch P, Young I, Gray DA. Impact of the partial replacement of fish meal with a chloroplast rich fraction on the growth and selected nutrient profile of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Food Funct 2019; 10:733-745. [PMID: 30667438 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02109k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing global aquaculture production, is putting pressure on fishmeal and fish oil supply. There is therefore a growing search for more sustainable sources of proteins and polyunsaturated fatty acids as fish feed ingredients. Chloroplasts are the organelles in the leaves of plants where many of the valuable nutrients, fatty acids (FAs), amino acids, vitamins and pigments, are synthesised. Chloroplasts could be incorporated into fish diets either retained in, or liberated from, plant cells. In this study zebrafish were fed with seven different diets individually; fish were fed with diets reducing fishmeal levels (10, 20 or 50%) using either spinach leaf powder (SLP) or a chloroplast rich fraction (CRF) prepared by an established method to recover chloroplasts. Both SLP and CRF had a positive impact on the growth, taste response, whole fish FA composition, and carotenoid profile. Fish fed with CRF diets showed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater α-linolenic (C18:3 n-3) and hexadecatrienoic (C16:3) acid contents than those of SLP and the control. Hexadecanoic acid (C16:3) is a unique FA in the galactolipids of the chloroplast; its presence in zebrafish tissues proves that zebrafish digest and absorb chloroplast galactolipids. The lutein profile of eggs produced by zebrafish fed with the CRF diet was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than those of SLP and the control. Alterations in egg colour were also noted, warranting further investigations of the diet impact on fish fecundity, embryo fertility, hatch rate and larval survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Gedi
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
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12
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Ingvordsen Lindahl IE, Artegoitia VM, Downey E, O'Mahony JA, O'Shea CA, Ryan CA, Kelly AL, Bertram HC, Sundekilde UK. Quantification of Human Milk Phospholipids: the Effect of Gestational and Lactational Age on Phospholipid Composition. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020222. [PMID: 30678181 PMCID: PMC6412285 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk (HM) provides infants with macro- and micronutrients needed for growth and development. Milk phospholipids are important sources of bioactive components, such as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) and choline, crucial for neural and visual development. Milk from mothers who have delivered prematurely (<37 weeks) might not meet the nutritional requirements for optimal development and growth. Using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry, 31 phospholipid (PL) species were quantified for colostrum (<5 days postpartum), transitional (≥5 days and ≤2 weeks) and mature milk (>2 weeks and ≤15 weeks) samples from mothers who had delivered preterm (n = 57) and term infants (n = 22), respectively. Both gestational age and age postpartum affected the PL composition of HM. Significantly higher concentrations (p < 0.05) of phosphatidylcholine (PC), sphingomyelin (SM) and total PL were found in preterm milk throughout lactation, as well as significantly higher concentrations (p < 0.002) of several phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), PC and SM species. Multivariate analysis revealed that PLs containing LC-PUFA contributed highly to the differences in the PL composition of preterm and term colostrum. Differences related to gestation decreased as the milk matured. Thus, gestational age may impact the PL content of colostrum, however this effect of gestation might subside in mature milk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eimear Downey
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland.
| | - James A O'Mahony
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Carol-Anne O'Shea
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland.
| | - C Anthony Ryan
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Alan L Kelly
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Hanne C Bertram
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 5792 Årslev, Denmark.
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