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Polita AR, Bagdonaitė RT, Shivabalan AP, Valinčius G. Influence of Simvastatin and Pravastatin on the Biophysical Properties of Model Lipid Bilayers and Plasma Membranes of Live Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024. [PMID: 39180473 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Statins are among the most widely used drugs for the inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis, prevention of cardiovascular diseases, and treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Additionally, statins also exhibit cholesterol-independent benefits in various diseases, including neuroprotective properties in Alzheimer's disease, anti-inflammatory effects in coronary artery disease, and antiproliferative activities in cancer, which likely result from the statins' interaction and alteration of lipid bilayers. However, the membrane-modulatory effects of statins and the mechanisms by which statins alter lipid bilayers remain poorly understood. In this work, we explore the membrane-modulating effects of statins on model lipid bilayers and live cells. Through the use of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) combined with viscosity-sensitive environmental probes, we demonstrate that hydrophobic, but not hydrophilic, statins are capable of changing the microviscosity and lipid order in model and live cell membranes. Furthermore, we show that hydrophobic simvastatin is capable of forming nanoscale cholesterol-rich domains and homogenizing the cholesterol concentrations in lipid bilayers. Our results provide a mechanistic framework for understanding the bimodal effects of simvastatin on the lipid order and the lateral organization of cholesterol in lipid bilayers. Finally, we demonstrate that simvastatin temporarily decreases the microviscosity of live cell plasma membranes, making them more permeable and increasing the level of intracellular chemotherapeutic drug accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artu Ras Polita
- Department of Biospectroscopy and bioelectrochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Ru Ta Bagdonaitė
- Department of Biospectroscopy and bioelectrochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Arun Prabha Shivabalan
- Department of Biospectroscopy and bioelectrochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Gintaras Valinčius
- Department of Biospectroscopy and bioelectrochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
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2
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Schultz C, Wegner T, Heusel C, Gallagher T, Zheng Y, Werner M, Wegner SV, Meyer-Zedler T, Werz O, Schmitt M, Popp J, Glorius F. Alkyne-tagged imidazolium-based membrane cholesterol analogs for Raman imaging applications. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc03155e. [PMID: 39156930 PMCID: PMC11325193 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03155e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an important lipid playing a crucial role in mediating essential cellular processes as well as maintaining the basic structural integrity of biological membranes. Given its vast biological importance, there is an unabated need for sophisticated strategies to investigate cholesterol-mediated biological processes. Raman-tagged sterol analogs offer the advantage of being visualizable without the need for a bulky dye that potentially affects natural membrane integration and cellular interactions as it is the case for many conventionally used fluorescent analogs. Herein, we report a series of alkyne-tagged imidazolium-based cholesterol analogs (CHIMs) with large Raman scattering cross-sections that readily integrate into HEK cells and primary monocyte-derived macrophages and allow (multiplexed) cellular Raman imaging. We envision Raman-tagged CHIM analogs to be a powerful platform for the investigation of cholesterol-mediated cellular processes complementary to other established methods, such as the use of fluorescent analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Schultz
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI) Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Tristan Wegner
- University of Münster, Institute of Organic Chemistry Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Corinna Heusel
- University of Münster, Institute of Organic Chemistry Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Tim Gallagher
- University of Münster, Institute of Organic Chemistry Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Yanjun Zheng
- University of Münster, Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry Waldeyerstraße 15 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Markus Werner
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena Philosophenweg 14 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Seraphine V Wegner
- University of Münster, Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry Waldeyerstraße 15 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Tobias Meyer-Zedler
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI) Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 07745 Jena Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Member of the Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena Philosophenweg 14 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Member of the Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Juergen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI) Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 07745 Jena Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Member of the Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- University of Münster, Institute of Organic Chemistry Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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3
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Hu Y, Wen HY, Liu MY, Wang JM, Dong RL, Liu SL, Wang ZG. In Situ Quantitative Imaging of Plasma Membrane Stiffness in Live Cells Using a Genetically Encoded FRET Sensor. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8501-8509. [PMID: 38717985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Cell membrane stiffness is critical for cellular function, with cholesterol and sphingomyelin as pivot contributors. Current methods for measuring membrane stiffness are often invasive, ex situ, and slow in process, prompting the need for innovative techniques. Here, we present a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based protein sensor designed to address these challenges. The sensor consists of two fluorescent units targeting sphingomyelin and cholesterol, connected by a linker that responds to the proximity of these lipids. In rigid membranes, cholesterol and sphingomyelin are in close proximity, leading to an increased FRET signal. We utilized this sensor in combination with confocal microscopy to explore changes in plasma membrane stiffness under various conditions, including differences in osmotic pressure, the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and variations in substrate stiffness. Furthermore, we explored the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on membrane stiffness and the distribution of ACE2 after attachment to the cell membrane. This tool offers substantial potential for future investigations in the field of mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Wen
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Juan-Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ruo-Lan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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4
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Meier L, Bruginski E, Marafiga JR, Caus LB, Pasquetti MV, Calcagnotto ME, Campos FR. Hippocampal metabolic profile during epileptogenesis in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5820. [PMID: 38154955 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common form of refractory epilepsy in adulthood. The metabolic profile of epileptogenesis is still poorly investigated. Elucidation of such a metabolic profile using animal models of epilepsy could help identify new metabolites and pathways involved in the mechanisms of epileptogenesis process. In this study, we evaluated the metabolic profile during the epileptogenesis periods. Using a pilocarpine model of epilepsy, we analyzed the global metabolic profile of hippocampal extracts by untargeted metabolomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry, at three time points (3 h, 1 week, and 2 weeks) after status epilepticus (SE) induction. We demonstrated that epileptogenesis periods presented different hippocampal metabolic profiles, including alterations of metabolic pathways of amino acids and lipid metabolism. Six putative metabolites (tryptophan, N-acetylornithine, N-acetyl-L-aspartate, glutamine, adenosine, and cholesterol) showed significant different levels during epileptogenesis compared to their respective controls. These putative metabolites could be associated with the imbalance of neurotransmitters, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell loss observed during both epileptogenesis and epilepsy. With these findings, we provided an overview of hippocampal metabolic profiles during different stages of epileptogenesis that could help investigate pathways and respective metabolites as predictive tools in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Meier
- Biosciences and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Estevan Bruginski
- Biosciences and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Joseane Righes Marafiga
- Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry of Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Plasticity Laboratory (NNNESP Lab.), Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Science: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia Barbieri Caus
- Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry of Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Plasticity Laboratory (NNNESP Lab.), Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mayara Vendramin Pasquetti
- Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry of Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Plasticity Laboratory (NNNESP Lab.), Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisa Calcagnotto
- Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry of Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Plasticity Laboratory (NNNESP Lab.), Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Science: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Francinete Ramos Campos
- Biosciences and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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5
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Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a critical component of lung function in healthy individuals. It functions in part by lowering surface tension in the alveoli, thereby allowing for breathing with minimal effort. The prevailing thinking is that low surface tension is attained by a compression-driven squeeze-out of unsaturated phospholipids during exhalation, forming a film enriched in saturated phospholipids that achieves surface tensions close to zero. A thorough review of past and recent literature suggests that the compression-driven squeeze-out mechanism may be erroneous. Here, we posit that a surfactant film enriched in saturated lipids is formed shortly after birth by an adsorption-driven sorting process and that its composition does not change during normal breathing. We provide biophysical evidence for the rapid formation of an enriched film at high surfactant concentrations, facilitated by adsorption structures containing hydrophobic surfactant proteins. We examine biophysical evidence for and against the compression-driven squeeze-out mechanism and propose a new model for surfactant function. The proposed model is tested against existing physiological and pathophysiological evidence in neonatal and adult lungs, leading to ideas for biophysical research, that should be addressed to establish the physiological relevance of this new perspective on the function of the mighty thin film that surfactant provides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Possmayer
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Yi Y Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manon, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96826, United States
| | - Ruud A W Veldhuizen
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Nils O Petersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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6
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Hempelmann P, Lolicato F, Graziadei A, Brown RDR, Spiegel S, Rappsilber J, Nickel W, Höglinger D, Jamecna D. The sterol transporter STARD3 transports sphingosine at ER-lysosome contact sites. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.18.557036. [PMID: 37790546 PMCID: PMC10542139 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.18.557036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are important structural components of membranes. Additionally, simple sphingolipids such as sphingosine are highly bioactive and participate in complex subcellular signaling. Sphingolipid deregulation is associated with many severe diseases including diabetes, Parkinson's and cancer. Here, we focus on how sphingosine, generated from sphingolipid catabolism in late endosomes/lysosomes, is reintegrated into the biosynthetic machinery at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We characterized the sterol transporter STARD3 as a sphingosine transporter acting at lysosome-ER contact sites. Experiments featuring crosslinkable sphingosine probes, supported by unbiased molecular dynamics simulations, exposed how sphingosine binds to the lipid-binding domain of STARD3. Following the metabolic fate of pre-localized lysosomal sphingosine showed the importance of STARD3 and its actions at contact sites for the integration of sphingosine into ceramide in a cellular context. Our findings provide the first example of interorganellar sphingosine transfer and pave the way for a better understanding of sphingolipid - sterol co-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Hempelmann
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg
| | - Fabio Lolicato
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrea Graziadei
- Institute for Biotechnology, Technical University Berlin, Gustav Mayer Allee 25, 13355 Berlin
| | - Ryan D R Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Institute for Biotechnology, Technical University Berlin, Gustav Mayer Allee 25, 13355 Berlin
| | - Walter Nickel
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg
| | - Doris Höglinger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg
| | - Denisa Jamecna
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg
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7
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Morales C, Arias-Carrasco R, Maracaja-Coutinho V, Seron P, Lanas F, Salazar LA, Saavedra N. Differences in Bacterial Small RNAs in Stool Samples from Hypercholesterolemic and Normocholesterolemic Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087213. [PMID: 37108373 PMCID: PMC10138442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism is important at the physiological level as well as in several diseases, with small RNA being an element to consider in terms of its epigenetic control. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify differences between bacterial small RNAs present at the gut level in hypercholesterolemic and normocholesterolemic individuals. Twenty stool samples were collected from hypercholesterolemic and normocholesterolemic subjects. RNA extraction and small RNA sequencing were performed, followed by bioinformatics analyses with BrumiR, Bowtie 2, BLASTn, DESeq2, and IntaRNA, after the filtering of the reads with fastp. In addition, the prediction of secondary structures was obtained with RNAfold WebServer. Most of the small RNAs were of bacterial origin and presented a greater number of readings in normocholesterolemic participants. The upregulation of small RNA ID 2909606 associated with Coprococcus eutactus (family Lachnospiraceae) was presented in hypercholesterolemic subjects. In addition, a positive correlation was established between small RNA ID 2149569 from the species Blautia wexlerae and hypercholesterolemic subjects. Other bacterial and archaeal small RNAs that interacted with the LDL receptor (LDLR) were identified. For these sequences, the prediction of secondary structures was also obtained. There were significant differences in bacterial small RNAs associated with cholesterol metabolism in hypercholesterolemic and normocholesterolemic participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Morales
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Núcleo Científico-Tecnológico en Biorecursos BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Temuco 4801076, Chile
| | - Raul Arias-Carrasco
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 8330378, Chile
| | - Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases-ACCDiS, Facultad de Química y Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Pamela Seron
- Departamento de Ciencias de La Rehabilitación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4781151, Chile
| | - Fernando Lanas
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4781151, Chile
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Núcleo Científico-Tecnológico en Biorecursos BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Núcleo Científico-Tecnológico en Biorecursos BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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Adaptive activation of EFNB2/EPHB4 axis promotes post-metastatic growth of colorectal cancer liver metastases by LDLR-mediated cholesterol uptake. Oncogene 2023; 42:99-112. [PMID: 36376513 PMCID: PMC9816060 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment of distant organ plays vital roles in regulating tumor metastases. However, little is known about the crosstalk between metastasized tumor cells and target organs. Herein, we found that EFNB2 expression was upregulated in liver metastases (LM) of colorectal cancer (CRC), but not in pulmonary metastases (PM) or primary CRC tumors. EFNB2 played a tumor-promoting role in CRC LM in vitro and in vivo. Through forward signaling, EFNB2-promoted CRC LM by interacting with the EPHB4 receptor. EFNB2/EPHB4 axis enhances LDLR-mediated cholesterol uptake in CRC LM. Subsequently, EFNB2/EPHB4 axis promotes LDLR transcription by regulating STAT3 phosphorylation. Blocking LDLR reversed the role of the EFNB2/EPHB4 axis in promoting CRC LM. Using clinical data, survival analysis revealed that the survival time of patients with CRC LM was decreased in patients with high EFNB2 expression, compared with low EFNB2 expression. Inhibition of the EFNB2/EPHB4 axis markedly prolonged the survival time of BALB/c nude mice with CRC LM with a high cholesterol diet. These findings revealed a key step in the regulation of cholesterol uptake by EFNB2/EPHB4 axis and its tumor-promoting role in CRC LM.
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Dietary Supplementation of Fruit from Nitraria tangutorum Improved Immunity and Abundance of Beneficial Ruminal Bacteria in Hu Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223211. [PMID: 36428439 PMCID: PMC9686964 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruit of Nitraria tangutorum (FNT) is reputed to possess medicinal properties; however, its effect on sheep (Ovis aries) is unknown. The aim of this study was to fill this gap. In a 3 × 3 Latin square design, six 12-month-old rumen-fistulated Hu rams (56.2 ± 8.26 kg; mean ± SD) were penned individually and offered one of three levels of FNT, namely, 0 g/d (control; CON), 16 g/d (N16), and 48 g/d (N48). The concentration of serum immunoglobulin G increased linearly (p = 0.03) with an increasing intake of FNT. The serum concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate in the N48 group was lower than in the CON group (p = 0.01) and decreased linearly with increasing FNT (p = 0.001). The concentration of serum lactate dehydrogenase tended to decrease (p = 0.07) linearly with an increase in FNT intake, while the concentration of glucose did not differ among groups (p = 0.14) but displayed a quadratic curve with an increase in FNT (p = 0.05). The rumen concentration of lipase decreased linearly with increasing FNT (p = 0.04). The rumen fermentation variables were not affected by FNT. The FNT intake increased the abundance of beneficial ruminal bacteria, such as Lachnoclostridium, Rhodocyclaceae, and Candidatus Arthromitus. Prevotella, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Ruminococcus, Olsenella, Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, and Quinella were the dominant bacterial genera in all treatments. We conclude that FNT can improve immunity and increase the relative abundance of beneficial ruminal bacteria in sheep.
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10
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Creating and sensing asymmetric lipid distributions throughout the cell. Emerg Top Life Sci 2022; 7:7-19. [PMID: 36373850 DOI: 10.1042/etls20220028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A key feature of eukaryotic cells is the asymmetric distribution of lipids along their secretory pathway. Because of the biological significance of these asymmetries, it is crucial to define the mechanisms which create them. Extensive studies have led to the identification of lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) that work with lipid-synthesizing enzymes to carry lipids between two distinct membranes in a directional manner, and are thus able to create asymmetries in lipid distribution throughout the cell. These networks are often in contact sites where two organelle membranes are in close proximity for reasons we have only recently started to understand. A question is whether these networks transfer lipids en masse within the cells or adjust the lipid composition of organelle membranes. Finally, recent data have confirmed that some networks organized around LTPs do not generate lipid asymmetries between membranes but sense them and rectify the lipid content of the cell.
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11
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Gao G, Guo S, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Zhang C, Peng G. Kiaa1024L/Minar2 is essential for hearing by regulating cholesterol distribution in hair bundles. eLife 2022; 11:e80865. [PMID: 36317962 PMCID: PMC9714970 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Unbiased genetic screens implicated a number of uncharacterized genes in hearing loss, suggesting some biological processes required for auditory function remain unexplored. Loss of Kiaa1024L/Minar2, a previously understudied gene, caused deafness in mice, but how it functioned in the hearing was unclear. Here, we show that disruption of kiaa1024L/minar2 causes hearing loss in the zebrafish. Defects in mechanotransduction, longer and thinner hair bundles, and enlarged apical lysosomes in hair cells are observed in the kiaa1024L/minar2 mutant. In cultured cells, Kiaa1024L/Minar2 is mainly localized to lysosomes, and its overexpression recruits cholesterol and increases cholesterol labeling. Strikingly, cholesterol is highly enriched in the hair bundle membrane, and loss of kiaa1024L/minar2 reduces cholesterol localization to the hair bundles. Lowering cholesterol levels aggravates, while increasing cholesterol levels rescues the hair cell defects in the kiaa1024L/minar2 mutant. Therefore, cholesterol plays an essential role in hair bundles, and Kiaa1024L/Minar2 regulates cholesterol distribution and homeostasis to ensure normal hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shuyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Quan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hefei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Cuizhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Gang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Yamaji-Hasegawa A, Murate M, Inaba T, Dohmae N, Sato M, Fujimori F, Sako Y, Greimel P, Kobayashi T. A novel sterol-binding protein reveals heterogeneous cholesterol distribution in neurite outgrowth and in late endosomes/lysosomes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:324. [PMID: 35644822 PMCID: PMC11072113 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We identified a mushroom-derived protein, maistero-2 that specifically binds 3-hydroxy sterol including cholesterol (Chol). Maistero-2 bound lipid mixture in Chol-dependent manner with a binding threshold of around 30%. Changing lipid composition did not significantly affect the threshold concentration. EGFP-maistero-2 labeled cell surface and intracellular organelle Chol with higher sensitivity than that of well-established Chol probe, D4 fragment of perfringolysin O. EGFP-maistero-2 revealed increase of cell surface Chol during neurite outgrowth and heterogeneous Chol distribution between CD63-positive and LAMP1-positive late endosomes/lysosomes. The absence of strictly conserved Thr-Leu pair present in Chol-dependent cytolysins suggests a distinct Chol-binding mechanism for maistero-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Motohide Murate
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- UMR 7021, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Takehiko Inaba
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN CSRS, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sato
- Yukiguni Maitake Co, Ltd. Yokawa 89, Minamiuonuma, Niigata, 949-6695, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Fujimori
- Laboratory of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo Kasei University, 1-18-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8062, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sako
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Peter Greimel
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- UMR 7021, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France.
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13
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Kuerschner L, Thiele C. Tracing Lipid Metabolism by Alkyne Lipids and Mass Spectrometry: The State of the Art. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:880559. [PMID: 35669564 PMCID: PMC9163959 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.880559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid tracing studies are a key method to gain a better understanding of the complex metabolic network lipids are involved in. In recent years, alkyne lipid tracers and mass spectrometry have been developed as powerful tools for such studies. This study aims to review the present standing of the underlying technique, highlight major findings the strategy allowed for, summarize its advantages, and discuss some limitations. In addition, an outlook on future developments is given.
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14
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Sterolight as imaging tool to study sterol uptake, trafficking and efflux in living cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6264. [PMID: 35428843 PMCID: PMC9012876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Information about cholesterol subcellular localization and transport pathways inside cells is essential for understanding and treatment of cholesterol-related diseases. However, there is a lack of reliable tools to monitor it. This work follows the fate of Sterolight, a BODIPY-labelled sterol, within the cell and demonstrates it as a suitable probe for visualization of sterol/lipid trafficking. Sterolight enters cells through an energy-independent process and knockdown experiments suggest caveolin-1 as its potential cellular carrier. Intracellular transport of Sterolight is a rapid process, and transfer from ER and mitochondria to lysosomes and later to lipid droplets requires the participation of active microtubules, as it can be inhibited by the microtubule disruptor nocodazole. Excess of the probe is actively exported from cells, in addition to being stored in lipid droplets, to re-establish the sterol balance. Efflux occurs through a mechanism requiring energy and may be selectively poisoned with verapamil or blocked in cells with mutated cholesterol transporter NPC1. Sterolight is efficiently transferred within and between different cell populations, making it suitable for monitoring numerous aspects of sterol biology, including the live tracking and visualization of intracellular and intercellular transport.
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