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Hunter WG, Smith AG, Pinto RC, Saldanha S, Gangwar A, Pahlavani M, Deodhar S, Wilkins J, Pandey A, Herrington D, Greenland P, Tzoulaki I, Rohatgi A. Metabolomic Profiling of Cholesterol Efflux Capacity in a Multiethnic Population: Insights From MESA. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:2030-2041. [PMID: 37615111 PMCID: PMC10521786 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) is a novel lipid metabolism trait associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Mechanisms underlying CEC variation are unknown. We evaluated associations of circulating metabolites with CEC to advance understanding of metabolic pathways involved in cholesterol efflux regulation. METHODS Participants enrolled in the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) who underwent nuclear magnetic resonance metabolome profiling and CEC measurement (N=3543) at baseline were included. Metabolite associations with CEC were evaluated using standard linear regression analyses. Repeated ElasticNet and multilayer perceptron regression were used to assess metabolite profile predictive performance for CEC. Features important for CEC prediction were identified using Shapley Additive Explanations values. RESULTS Greater CEC was significantly associated with metabolite clusters composed of the largest-sized particle subclasses of VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein), as well as their constituent apo A1, apo A2, phospholipid, and cholesterol components (β=0.072-0.081; P<0.001). Metabolite profiles had poor accuracy for predicting in vitro CEC in linear and nonlinear analyses (R2<0.02; Spearman ρ<0.18). The most important feature for CEC prediction was race, with Black participants having significantly lower CEC compared with other races. CONCLUSIONS We identified independent associations among CEC, the largest-sized particle subclasses of VLDL and HDL, and their constituent apolipoproteins and lipids. A large proportion of variation in CEC remained unexplained by metabolites and traditional clinical risk factors, supporting further investigation into genomic, proteomic, and phospholipidomic determinants of CEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wynn G. Hunter
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern School of Medicine, Dallas (W.G.H., S.S., A.G., M.P., S.D., A.P., A.R.)
| | - Alexander G. Smith
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (A.G.S., R.C.P., I.T.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Rui C. Pinto
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (A.G.S., R.C.P., I.T.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute (R.C.P), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Saldanha
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern School of Medicine, Dallas (W.G.H., S.S., A.G., M.P., S.D., A.P., A.R.)
| | - Anamika Gangwar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern School of Medicine, Dallas (W.G.H., S.S., A.G., M.P., S.D., A.P., A.R.)
| | - Mandana Pahlavani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern School of Medicine, Dallas (W.G.H., S.S., A.G., M.P., S.D., A.P., A.R.)
| | - Sneha Deodhar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern School of Medicine, Dallas (W.G.H., S.S., A.G., M.P., S.D., A.P., A.R.)
| | - John Wilkins
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (J.W., P.G.)
| | - Ambarish Pandey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern School of Medicine, Dallas (W.G.H., S.S., A.G., M.P., S.D., A.P., A.R.)
| | - David Herrington
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.H.)
| | - Philip Greenland
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (J.W., P.G.)
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (A.G.S., R.C.P., I.T.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- BHF Centre of Excellence (I.T.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece (I.T.)
| | - Anand Rohatgi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern School of Medicine, Dallas (W.G.H., S.S., A.G., M.P., S.D., A.P., A.R.)
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Magnoni M, Andreini D, Pirillo A, Uboldi P, Latini R, Catapano AL, Maggioni AP, Norata GD. Predictive value of HDL function in patients with coronary artery disease: relationship with coronary plaque characteristics and clinical events. Ann Med 2022; 54:1036-1046. [PMID: 35438019 PMCID: PMC9090377 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2063374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HDL is endowed with several metabolic, vascular, and immunoinflammatory protective functions. Among them, a key property is to promote reverse cholesterol transport from cells back to the liver. The aim of this study was to estimate the association of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI)- and ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)-mediated cholesterol efflux (the two major routes for cholesterol efflux to HDL) with the presence, extent, and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), vascular wall remodelling processes, coronary plaque characteristics, and the incidence of myocardial infarction in the different subgroups of patients from the CAPIRE study. METHODS Patients (n = 525) from the CAPIRE study were divided into two groups: low-risk factors (RF), with 0-1 RF (n = 263), and multiple-RF, with ≥2 RFs; within each group, subjects were classified as no-CAD or CAD based on the segment involvement score (SIS) evaluated by coronary computed tomography angiography (SIS = 0 and SIS > 5, respectively). SR-BI- and ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux were measured using the plasma of all patients. RESULTS SR-BI-mediated cholesterol efflux was significantly reduced in patients with CAD in both the low-RF and multiple-RF groups, whereas ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux was similar among all groups. In CAD patients, multivariable analysis showed that SR-BI-mediated cholesterol efflux <25th percentile predicted cardiovascular outcome (odds ratio 4.1; 95% CI: 1.3-13.7; p = .019), whereas ABCA-1-mediated cholesterol efflux and HDL-C levels significantly did not. Despite this finding, reduced SR-BI-mediated cholesterol efflux was not associated with changes in high-risk plaque features or changes in the prevalence of elevated total, non-calcified, and low-attenuation plaque volume. CONCLUSION SR-BI-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity is lower in patients with diffuse coronary atherosclerosis. In addition, a lower SR-BI-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity is associated with the worst clinical outcomes in patients with CAD, independently of atherosclerotic plaque features. Key MessagesIncreased cholesterol efflux capacity, an estimate of HDL function, is associated with a reduced CVD risk, regardless of HDL-C levels.HDL-C levels are significantly lower in patients with CAD.Lower SR-BI-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity is observed in patients with diffuse coronary atherosclerosis and is associated with the worst clinical outcomes in patients with CAD, independently of atherosclerotic plaque features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniele Andreini
- IRCCS, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Pirillo
- Centro SISA per lo Studio dell'Aterosclerosi, Ospedale Bassini, Balsamo, Italy.,IRCSS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Uboldi
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Latini
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- IRCSS Multimedica, Milan, Italy.,Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Aldo P Maggioni
- Heart Care Foundation ANMCO Research Center, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Centro SISA per lo Studio dell'Aterosclerosi, Ospedale Bassini, Balsamo, Italy.,Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Xian C, Lai D, Liu J, Li S, Cao J, Chen K, Liang D, Fu N, Wang Y, Xiao M. Protein-enriched extracts from housefly (Musca domestica) maggots alleviates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice by promoting bile acid production and consequent cholesterol consumption. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 111:e21951. [PMID: 35791048 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, atherosclerosis control is important to prevent future heart attacks or strokes. Protein-enriched extract (PE) from housefly maggots (Musca domestica) can inhibit the development of atherosclerosis partially through its antioxidant effects. Whether PE exerts other anti-atherosclerosis functions remains unclear. Here, PE was found to simultaneously promote cholesterol metabolism effects in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/- ) mice. Bile acid synthesis plays a key role in regulating cholesterol homeostasis in atherosclerosis. Whether PE alleviates atherosclerosis by promoting bile acid production and consequent cholesterol consumption was further explored. First, 8-week-old male ApoE-/- mice were recruited and fed on a cholesterol-enriched diet. After 8 weeks, these mice were divided into three groups and received gavage administration of PE, simvastatin, and saline for another 8 weeks. Atherosclerosis severity was then assessed. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot were employed to determine the expression of hepatic ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), liver X receptor α (LXRα), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). Serum levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL), and total cholesterol (TC) were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Results revealed that PE reversed the formation of atherosclerotic lesion; increased the expression of PPAR-γ, LXRα, and ABCA1; increased the amount of bile flow and total bile acid; reduced the serum level of LDL and TC; and increased the level of HDL. In conclusion, enhancement on bile acid production and consequent cholesterol consumption may partially contribute to the anti-atherosclerotic effects of PE. The reversal of PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1 signaling pathway may be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiling Xian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Disheng Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shixin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junlin Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kengyu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dajun Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nanlin Fu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Yunfu, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingzhu Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Nunes VS, da Silva EJ, Ferreira GDS, de Assis SIS, Cazita PM, Nakandakare ER, Zago VHDS, de Faria EC, Quintão ECR. The Plasma Distribution of Non-cholesterol Sterol Precursors and Products of Cholesterol Synthesis and Phytosterols Depend on HDL Concentration. Front Nutr 2022; 9:723555. [PMID: 35299760 PMCID: PMC8921769 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.723555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-cholesterol sterols are transported in plasma lipoproteins and are consequently important in cholesterol metabolism. We investigated the distribution of non-cholesterol sterol precursors of cholesterol synthesis (NCSPCS), oxysterols, and phytosterols in lipoproteins of healthy subjects differing according to HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C) plasma levels. Elevated NCSPCS (desmosterol, lathosterol) in the High HDL group suggests that HDL exports these sterols from cells, but not the cholesterol metabolite 24-OHC which was higher in the Low HDL group than in the High HDL group. 27-hydroxycholesterol (27OH-C) plasma levels did not differ between groups. Percentage of NCSPCS and phytosterols predominates in LDL, but did not differ between groups. Thirty percent of desmosterol and lathosterol are present in HDL, with the High HDL group carrying higher percentage of these sterols. A high percentage of campesterol and sitosterol in HDL suggests that phytosterols are absorbed by enterocytes, and that HDL could be a marker of the ABCA1/ApoA1 intestinal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Sutti Nunes
- Laboratorio de Lipides (LIM10), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Valéria Sutti Nunes ;
| | - Eliton Juniro da Silva
- Laboratorio de Lipides (LIM10), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme da Silva Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Lipides (LIM10), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sayonara Ivana Santos de Assis
- Laboratorio de Lipides (LIM10), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Miralda Cazita
- Laboratorio de Lipides (LIM10), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edna Regina Nakandakare
- Laboratorio de Lipides (LIM10), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Helena de Souza Zago
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eliana Cotta de Faria
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eder Carlos Rocha Quintão
- Laboratorio de Lipides (LIM10), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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