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Wang S, Ren H, Qin C, Su J, Song X, Li R, Cui K, Liu Y, Shi D, Liu Q, Li Z. A Characterization and Functional Analysis of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Splicing Variants in the Buffalo Mammary Gland. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:779. [PMID: 38927715 PMCID: PMC11203352 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG) has various splicing variants and plays essential roles in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis. However, little is known about the expression pattern and effect of the PPARG on milk fat synthesis in the buffalo mammary gland. In this study, we found that only PPARG-X17 and PPARG-X21 of the splicing variant were expressed in the buffalo mammary gland. Amino acid sequence characterization showed that the proteins encoded by PPARG-X17 and PPARG-X21 are endonuclear non-secreted hydrophilic proteins. Protein domain prediction found that only the PPARG-X21-encoded protein had PPAR ligand-binding domains (NR_LBD_PPAR), which may lead to functional differences between the two splices. RNA interference (RNAi) and the overexpression of PPARG-X17 and PPARG-X21 in buffalo mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were performed. Results showed that the expression of fatty acid synthesis-related genes (ACACA, CD36, ACSL1, GPAT, AGPAT6, DGAT1) was significantly modified (p < 0.05) by the RNAi and overexpression of PPARG-X17 and PPARG-X21. All kinds of FAs detected in this study were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) after RNAi of PPARG-X17 or PPARG-X21. Overexpression of PPARG-X17 or PPARG-X21 significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the SFA content, while significantly increased (p < 0.05) the UFA, especially the MUFA in the BMECs. In conclusion, there are two PPARG splicing variants expressed in the BMECs that can regulate FA synthesis by altering the expression of diverse fatty acid synthesis-related genes. This study revealed the expression characteristics and functions of the PPARG gene in buffalo mammary glands and provided a reference for further understanding of fat synthesis in buffalo milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwan Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (S.W.); (H.R.); (C.Q.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (R.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Honghe Ren
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (S.W.); (H.R.); (C.Q.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (R.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Chaobin Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (S.W.); (H.R.); (C.Q.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (R.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Jie Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (S.W.); (H.R.); (C.Q.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (R.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Xinhui Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (S.W.); (H.R.); (C.Q.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (R.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Ruijia Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (S.W.); (H.R.); (C.Q.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (R.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Kuiqing Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (K.C.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Analysis and Test Research, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (S.W.); (H.R.); (C.Q.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (R.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Qingyou Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (K.C.); (Q.L.)
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (S.W.); (H.R.); (C.Q.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (R.L.); (D.S.)
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Nguyen TT, Corvera S. Adipose tissue as a linchpin of organismal ageing. Nat Metab 2024; 6:793-807. [PMID: 38783156 PMCID: PMC11238912 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Ageing is a conserved biological process, modulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, that leads to changes in life expectancy. In humans, ageing is characterized by greatly increased prevalence of cardiometabolic disease, type 2 diabetes and disorders associated with impaired immune surveillance. Adipose tissue displays species-conserved, temporal changes with ageing, including redistribution from peripheral to central depots, loss of thermogenic capacity and expansion within the bone marrow. Adipose tissue is localized to discrete depots, and also diffusely distributed within multiple organs and tissues in direct proximity to specialized cells. Thus, through their potent endocrine properties, adipocytes are capable of modulating tissue and organ function throughout the body. In addition to adipocytes, multipotent progenitor/stem cells in adipose tissue play a crucial role in maintenance and repair of tissues throughout the lifetime. Adipose tissue may therefore be a central driver for organismal ageing and age-associated diseases. Here we review the features of adipose tissue during ageing, and discuss potential mechanisms by which these changes affect whole-body metabolism, immunity and longevity. We also explore the potential of adipose tissue-targeted therapies to ameliorate age-associated disease burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy T Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Silvia Corvera
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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