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Cui J, Liu X, Shang Q, Sun S, Chen S, Dong J, Zhu Y, Liu L, Xia Y, Wang Y, Xiang L, Fan B, Zhan J, Zhou Y, Chen P, Zhao R, Liu X, Xing N, Wu D, Shi B, Zou Y. Deubiquitination of CDC6 by OTUD6A promotes tumour progression and chemoresistance. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:86. [PMID: 38685067 PMCID: PMC11057083 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CDC6 is an oncogenic protein whose expression level fluctuates during the cell cycle. Although several E3 ubiquitin ligases responsible for the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of CDC6 have been identified, the deubiquitination pathway for CDC6 has not been investigated. METHODS The proteome-wide deubiquitinase (DUB) screening was used to identify the potential regulator of CDC6. Immunofluorescence, protein half-life and deubiquitination assays were performed to determine the protein stability of CDC6. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were implemented to analyse the impacts of OUTD6A-CDC6 axis on tumour growth and chemosensitivity in vitro. N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN)-induced conditional Otud6a knockout (CKO) mouse model and tumour xenograft model were performed to analyse the role of OTUD6A-CDC6 axis in vivo. Tissue specimens were used to determine the association between OTUD6A and CDC6. RESULTS OTUD6A interacts with, depolyubiquitinates and stabilizes CDC6 by removing K6-, K33-, and K48-linked polyubiquitination. Moreover, OTUD6A promotes cell proliferation and decreases sensitivity to chemotherapy by upregulating CDC6. CKO mice are less prone to BCa tumorigenesis induced by BBN, and knockdown of OTUD6A inhibits tumour progression in vivo. Furthermore, OTUD6A protein level has a positive correlation with CDC6 protein level, and high protein levels of OTUD6A and CDC6 are associated with poor prognosis in patients with bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS We reveal an important yet missing piece of novel DUB governing CDC6 stability. In addition, our findings propose a model for the OTUD6A-CDC6 axis that provides novel insights into cell cycle and chemosensitivity regulation, which may become a potential biomarker and promising drug target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Cui
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Qinghong Shang
- Helmholtz International Lab, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Shuna Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250011, China
| | - Shouzhen Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jianping Dong
- Department of Urology, Shouguang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 262750, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yangyang Xia
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Lu Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Bowen Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jiafeng Zhan
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yadi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Pengxiang Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Renchang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Departement of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250011, China
| | - Nianzeng Xing
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Dalei Wu
- Helmholtz International Lab, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Yongxin Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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Feng D, Li L, Shi X, Zhu W, Wang J, Wu R, Li D, Wei W, Han P. Identification of senescence-related lncRNA prognostic index correlating with prognosis and radiosensitivity in prostate cancer patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:9358-9376. [PMID: 37742230 PMCID: PMC10564441 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of studies are shown how crucial a role cellular senescence plays in tumor development. In this study, we developed a senescence-related lncRNA prognostic index (SRLPI) to forecast radiosensitivity and the probability of biochemical recurrence (BCR) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS PCa cohorts in TCGA and GEO databases were downloaded. Senescence-and prognosis-related lncRNA with differential expression in tumor and normal samples were identified and used to establish the SRLPI score. Mutation landscape, function pathway, tumor stemness and heterogeneity and tumor immune microenvironment were also analyzed. We performed the analysis using R 3.6.3 and the appropriate tools. RESULTS A SRLPI score was constructed based on SNHG1 and MIAT in the TCGA cohort. Our classification of PCa patients into high- and low-risk groups was based on the median SRLPI score. When compared to the low-SRLPI group, the high-SRLPI group was more vulnerable to BCR (HR: 3.33). In terms of BCR-free survival and metastasis-free survival, the GSE116918 showed similar findings. Surprisingly, the SRLPI score demonstrated a high level of radiosensitivity for diagnosis (AUC: 0.98). Age, Gleason score, T stage, N stage, positive lymph nodes, and residual tumor were all significantly greater in patients with high SRLPI scores. Furthermore, this score was significantly related to markers of senescence. Protein secretion and androgen response were found to be substantially enriched in the low-SRLPI group, whereas E2F targets were found to be strongly enriched in the high-SRLPI group for pathway analysis. For the tumor microenvironment assessment, B cells, CD8+ T cells, immune score and TIDE score were positively related to SRLPI score while endothelial level was negatively associated with SRLPI score with statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS We developed a SRLPI score that was related to prognosis and radiosensitivity and might be helpful in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xu Shi
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weizhen Zhu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruicheng Wu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dengxiong Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wuran Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Bradfield A, Button L, Drury J, Green DC, Hill CJ, Hapangama DK. Investigating the Role of Telomere and Telomerase Associated Genes and Proteins in Endometrial Cancer. Methods Protoc 2020; 3:E63. [PMID: 32899298 PMCID: PMC7565490 DOI: 10.3390/mps3030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the commonest gynaecological malignancy. Current prognostic markers are inadequate to accurately predict patient survival, necessitating novel prognostic markers, to improve treatment strategies. Telomerase has a unique role within the endometrium, whilst aberrant telomerase activity is a hallmark of many cancers. The aim of the current in silico study is to investigate the role of telomere and telomerase associated genes and proteins (TTAGPs) in EC to identify potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. Analysis of RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in EC (568 TTAGPs out of 3467) and ascertained DEGs associated with histological subtypes, higher grade endometrioid tumours and late stage EC. Functional analysis demonstrated that DEGs were predominantly involved in cell cycle regulation, while the survival analysis identified 69 DEGs associated with prognosis. The protein-protein interaction network constructed facilitated the identification of hub genes, enriched transcription factor binding sites and drugs that may target the network. Thus, our in silico methods distinguished many critical genes associated with telomere maintenance that were previously unknown to contribute to EC carcinogenesis and prognosis, including NOP56, WFS1, ANAPC4 and TUBB4A. Probing the prognostic and therapeutic utility of these novel TTAGP markers will form an exciting basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bradfield
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK; (A.B.); (J.D.); (C.J.H.)
| | - Lucy Button
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK;
| | - Josephine Drury
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK; (A.B.); (J.D.); (C.J.H.)
| | - Daniel C. Green
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK;
| | - Christopher J. Hill
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK; (A.B.); (J.D.); (C.J.H.)
| | - Dharani K. Hapangama
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK; (A.B.); (J.D.); (C.J.H.)
- Liverpool Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
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Dundr P, Bártů M, Hojný J, Michálková R, Hájková N, Stružinská I, Krkavcová E, Hadravský L, Kleissnerová L, Kopejsková J, Hiep BQ, Němejcová K, Jakša R, Čapoun O, Řezáč J, Jirsová K, Franková V. HNF1B, EZH2 and ECI2 in prostate carcinoma. Molecular, immunohistochemical and clinico-pathological study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14365. [PMID: 32873863 PMCID: PMC7463257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71427-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 beta (HNF1B) is a tissue specific transcription factor, which seems to play an important role in the carcinogenesis of several tumors. In our study we focused on analyzing HNF1B in prostate carcinoma (PC) and adenomyomatous hyperplasia (AH), as well as its possible relation to the upstream gene EZH2 and downstream gene ECI2. The results of our study showed that on an immunohistochemical level, the expression of HNF1B was low in PC, did not differ between PC and AH, and did not correlate with any clinical outcomes. In PC, mutations of HNF1B gene were rare, but the methylation of its promotor was a common finding and was positively correlated with Gleason score and stage. The relationship between HNF1B and EZH2/ECI2 was equivocal, but EZH2 and ECI2 were positively correlated on both mRNA and protein level. The expression of EZH2 was associated with poor prognosis. ECI2 did not correlate with any clinical outcomes. Our results support the oncosuppressive role of HNF1B in PC, which may be silenced by promotor methylation and other mechanisms, but not by gene mutation. The high expression of EZH2 (especially) and ECI2 in PC seems to be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Dundr
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Michaela Bártů
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hojný
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Michálková
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Hájková
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Stružinská
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Krkavcová
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Hadravský
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kleissnerová
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kopejsková
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Bui Quang Hiep
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Němejcová
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Jakša
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Otakar Čapoun
- Department of Urology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Řezáč
- Department of Urology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Jirsová
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Franková
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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The Role of Crosstalk between AR3 and E2F1 in Drug Resistance in Prostate Cancer Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051094. [PMID: 32354165 PMCID: PMC7290672 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Drug resistance is one of the most prevalent causes of death in advanced prostate cancer patients. Combination therapies that target cancer cells via different mechanisms to overcome resistance have gained increased attention in recent years. However, the optimal drug combinations and the underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully explored. Aim and methods: The aim of this study is to investigate drug combinations that inhibit the growth of drug-resistant cells and determine the underlying mechanisms of their actions. In addition, we also established cell lines that are resistant to combination treatments and tested new compounds to overcome the phenomenon of double drug-resistance. Results: Our results show that the combination of enzalutamide (ENZ) and docetaxel (DTX) effectively inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells that are resistant to either drug alone. The downregulation of transcription factor E2F1 plays a crucial role in cellular inhibition in response to the combined therapy. Notably, we found that the androgen receptor (AR) variant AR3 (a.k.a. AR-V7), but not AR full length (AR-FL), positively regulates E2F1 expression in these cells. E2F1 in turn regulates AR3 and forms a positive regulatory feedforward loop. We also established double drug-resistant cell lines that are resistant to ENZ+DTX combination therapy and found that the expression of both AR3 and E2F1 was restored in these cells. Furthermore, we identified that auranofin, an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, overcame drug resistance and inhibited the growth of drug-resistant prostate cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion and significance: This proof-of-principle study demonstrates that targeting the E2F1/AR3 feedforward loop via a combination therapy or a multi-targeting drug could circumvent castration resistance in prostate cancer.
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Transcriptional suppression of androgen receptor by 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:433-448. [PMID: 32219716 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) plays a pivotal role as a target for amplification/mutation in pathogenesis and tumor progression in prostate, and thus, controlling AR activity or expression might be a feasible therapeutic approach for the treatment of prostate cancer. Here, we report the novel mechanisms by which 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) targets AR to stimulate cell death in both hormone-responsive and -refractory prostate cancer cells. We found that miR-488, a tumor suppressive microRNA, was markedly induced by GA treatment, resulting in the down-regulation of AR expression and inhibition of cellular responses mediated by androgens. Moreover, GA not only suppressed the expression of androgen target genes (TMPRSS2, PSA, and NKX3.1), but also enhanced the suppressive effect of anti-androgens (bicalutamide and flutamide) on LNCaP cell growth. Our data further provides evidence that down-regulation of AR expression by GA may occur through transcriptional suppression at AR promoter region between - 1014 and - 829. Ectopic expression of SFR and E2F3α reversed the inhibitory effect of GA on AR promoter activity as well as protein expression, suggesting that GA may target transcription factors SRF and E2F3α to regulate AR expression. Taken together, our study provides new insights on AR regulation and GA as a potential therapeutic candidate for human prostate cancer.
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6'-Sialyllactose Ameliorates In Vivo and In Vitro Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Regulating the E2F1/pRb-AR Pathway. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092203. [PMID: 31547405 PMCID: PMC6770807 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: 6′-Sialyllactose (6SL) displays a wide range of the bioactive benefits, such as anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic activities. However, the therapeutic effects of 6SL on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) remain unknown. Methods: Six-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 40) were used for in vivo experiments. All rats were castrated and experimental BPH was induced in castrated rats by intramuscular injection of testosterone, with the exception of those in the control group. Rats with BPH were administrated finasteride and 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg 6SL. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of 6SL on human epithelial BPH cell line (BPH-1) cells were determined in vitro. Results: Rats with BPH exhibited outstanding BPH manifestations, including prostate enlargement, histological alterations, and increased prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Compared to those in the BPH group, rats in the 6SL group showed fewer pathological changes and normal androgen events, followed by restoration of retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and cell cycle-related proteins. In BPH-1 cells, treatment with 6SL significantly suppressed the effects on the androgen receptor (AR), PSA, and E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1)-dependent cell cycle protein expression. Conclusions: 6SL demonstrated anti-proliferative effects in a testosterone-induced BPH rat model and on BPH-1 cells by regulating the pRB/E2F1–AR pathway. According to our results, we suggest that 6SL may be considered a potential agent for the treatment of BPH.
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The Role of RB in Prostate Cancer Progression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:301-318. [PMID: 31900914 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The RB tumor suppressor is one of the most commonly deleted/mutated genes in human cancers. In prostate cancer specifically, mutation of RB is most frequently observed in aggressive, metastatic disease. As one of the earliest tumor suppressors to be identified, the molecular functions of RB that are lost in tumor development have been studied for decades. Earlier work focused on the canonical RB pathway connecting mitogenic signaling to the cell cycle via Cyclin/CDK inactivation of RB, thereby releasing the E2F transcription factors. More in-depth analysis revealed that RB-E2F complexes regulate cellular processes beyond proliferation. Most recently, "non-canonical" roles for RB function have been expanded beyond its E2F interactions, which may play a particular role in advanced prostate cancer. For example, in mouse models of prostate cancer, loss of RB has been shown to induce lineage plasticity, which enables resistance to androgen deprivation therapy. This increased understanding of the potential downstream functions of RB in prostate cancer may lead the way to identifying therapeutic vulnerabilities in cells following RB loss.
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Dan C, Zhang H, Zeng W, Huang L, Gong X, Li H, Yang E, Wang L, Yao Q. HNF1B expression regulates ECI2 gene expression, potentially serving a role in prostate cancer progression. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:1094-1100. [PMID: 30655870 PMCID: PMC6312955 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common form of cancer in men, with increased incidence rates observed in older individuals. Prostate cancer is primarily driven via activation of the androgen receptor (AR), the principal transcriptional factor governing prostate cancer cellular programming and its associated metabolism. One of the downstream targets of AR is hepatocyte nuclear factor-1β (HNF1B), an important oncogenic transcription factor in prostate cancer. In the present study, the regulatory role of HNF1B in enoyl-CoA-(Δ) isomerase 2 (ECI2) expression in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mouse model was investigated. Using this model, tumor progression and associated pathological alterations at 12, 18 and 24 weeks were analyzed. Histological sectioning revealed pathological alterations over time, including thickening of glandular epithelial cells (12 weeks), increases in cellular proliferation (18 weeks), and extensive thickening and hardening of the tissue layer (24 weeks). Expression levels of HNF1B and ECI2 proteins were validated by immunohistochemistry and western blotting at different stages of prostate cancer development. HNF1B and ECI2 exhibited minimal differences in protein expression at 12 weeks in TRAMP+ mice. However, by 18 weeks, TRAMP+ mice exhibited multi-fold increases in HNF1B expression levels, along with downregulation of ECI2. These effects were reversed at 24 weeks, indicating an important time-dependent regulation of gene expression. Taken together, these results demonstrated that upon tumor progression, the initial tumor-protective effect of HNF1B is lost along with downregulated expression of HNF1B and increased expression of ECI2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Dan
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxin Gong
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Erjiang Yang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Qisheng Yao
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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Itkonen HM, Brown M, Urbanucci A, Tredwell G, Lau CH, Barfeld S, Hart C, Guldvik IJ, Takhar M, Heemers HV, Erho N, Bloch K, Davicioni E, Derua R, Waelkens E, Mohler JL, Clarke N, Swinnen JV, Keun HC, Rekvig OP, Mills IG. Lipid degradation promotes prostate cancer cell survival. Oncotarget 2017; 8:38264-38275. [PMID: 28415728 PMCID: PMC5503531 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common male cancer and androgen receptor (AR) is the major driver of the disease. Here we show that Enoyl-CoA delta isomerase 2 (ECI2) is a novel AR-target that promotes prostate cancer cell survival. Increased ECI2 expression predicts mortality in prostate cancer patients (p = 0.0086). ECI2 encodes for an enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, and we use multiple metabolite profiling platforms and RNA-seq to show that inhibition of ECI2 expression leads to decreased glucose utilization, accumulation of fatty acids and down-regulation of cell cycle related genes. In normal cells, decrease in fatty acid degradation is compensated by increased consumption of glucose, and here we demonstrate that prostate cancer cells are not able to respond to decreased fatty acid degradation. Instead, prostate cancer cells activate incomplete autophagy, which is followed by activation of the cell death response. Finally, we identified a clinically approved compound, perhexiline, which inhibits fatty acid degradation, and replicates the major findings for ECI2 knockdown. This work shows that prostate cancer cells require lipid degradation for survival and identifies a small molecule inhibitor with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harri M Itkonen
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Brown
- Genito Urinary Cancer Research Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alfonso Urbanucci
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gregory Tredwell
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chung Ho Lau
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Barfeld
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Claire Hart
- Genito Urinary Cancer Research Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ingrid J. Guldvik
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mandeep Takhar
- GenomeDx Biosciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hannelore V. Heemers
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicholas Erho
- GenomeDx Biosciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katarzyna Bloch
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, LKI Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elai Davicioni
- GenomeDx Biosciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rita Derua
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Etienne Waelkens
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - James L. Mohler
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Noel Clarke
- Genito Urinary Cancer Research Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- PCUK/Movember Centre of Excellence for Prostate Cancer Research, CRUK Manchester Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Urology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Johan V. Swinnen
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, LKI Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hector C. Keun
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ole P. Rekvig
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway
| | - Ian G. Mills
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- PCUK/Movember Centre of Excellence for Prostate Cancer Research, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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11
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McNair C, Urbanucci A, Comstock CES, Augello MA, Goodwin JF, Launchbury R, Zhao SG, Schiewer MJ, Ertel A, Karnes J, Davicioni E, Wang L, Wang Q, Mills IG, Feng FY, Li W, Carroll JS, Knudsen KE. Cell cycle-coupled expansion of AR activity promotes cancer progression. Oncogene 2017; 36:1655-1668. [PMID: 27669432 PMCID: PMC5364060 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is required for prostate cancer (PCa) survival and progression, and ablation of AR activity is the first line of therapeutic intervention for disseminated disease. While initially effective, recurrent tumors ultimately arise for which there is no durable cure. Despite the dependence of PCa on AR activity throughout the course of disease, delineation of the AR-dependent transcriptional network that governs disease progression remains elusive, and the function of AR in mitotically active cells is not well understood. Analyzing AR activity as a function of cell cycle revealed an unexpected and highly expanded repertoire of AR-regulated gene networks in actively cycling cells. New AR functions segregated into two major clusters: those that are specific to cycling cells and retained throughout the mitotic cell cycle ('Cell Cycle Common'), versus those that were specifically enriched in a subset of cell cycle phases ('Phase Restricted'). Further analyses identified previously unrecognized AR functions in major pathways associated with clinical PCa progression. Illustrating the impact of these unmasked AR-driven pathways, dihydroceramide desaturase 1 was identified as an AR-regulated gene in mitotically active cells that promoted pro-metastatic phenotypes, and in advanced PCa proved to be highly associated with development of metastases, recurrence after therapeutic intervention and reduced overall survival. Taken together, these findings delineate AR function in mitotically active tumor cells, thus providing critical insight into the molecular basis by which AR promotes development of lethal PCa and nominate new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- C McNair
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Urbanucci
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospitals, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospitals, Oslo, Norway
| | - C E S Comstock
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M A Augello
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J F Goodwin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R Launchbury
- Cambridge Research Institute, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S G Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M J Schiewer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Ertel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Karnes
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - L Wang
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Q Wang
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - I G Mills
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospitals, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospitals, Oslo, Norway
- Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence for Prostate Cancer Research, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - F Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Urology, and Medicine and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - W Li
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J S Carroll
- Cambridge Research Institute, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - K E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Developmental exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin may alter LH release patterns by abolishing sex differences in GABA/glutamate cell number and modifying the transcriptome of the male anteroventral periventricular nucleus. Neuroscience 2016; 329:239-53. [PMID: 27185484 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Developmental exposure to arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands abolishes sex differences in a wide range of neural structures and functions. A well-studied example is the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), a structure that controls sex-specific luteinizing hormone (LH) release. In the male, testosterone (T) secreted by the developing testes defeminizes LH release mechanisms; conversely, perinatal AhR activation by 2,3,7,8,-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) blocks defeminization. To better understand developmental mechanisms altered by TCDD exposure, we first verified that neonatal TCDD exposure in male rats prevented the loss of AVPV GABA/glutamate neurons that are critical for female-typical LH surge release. We then used whole genome arrays and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) to compare AVPV transcriptomes of males treated neonatally with TCDD or vehicle. Our bioinformatics analyses showed that TCDD enriched gene sets important for neuron development, synaptic transmission, ion homeostasis, and cholesterol biosynthesis. In addition, upstream regulatory analysis suggests that both estrogen receptors (ER) and androgen receptors (AR) regulate genes targeted by TCDD. Of the 23 mRNAs found to be changed by TCDD at least 2-fold (p<0.05), most participate in the functions identified in our bioinformatics analyses. Several, including matrix metallopeptidase 9 and SRY-box 11 (Sox11), are known targets of E2. CUG triplet repeat, RNA binding protein 2 (cugbp2) is particularly interesting because it is sex-specific, oppositely regulated by estradiol (E2) and TCDD. Moreover, it regulates the post-transcriptional processing of molecules previously linked to sexual differentiation of the brain. These findings provide new insights into how TCDD may interfere with defeminization of LH release patterns.
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13
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Wu Z, Guo W, Xie Y, Zhou S. Juvenile Hormone Activates the Transcription of Cell-division-cycle 6 (Cdc6) for Polyploidy-dependent Insect Vitellogenesis and Oogenesis. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:5418-27. [PMID: 26728459 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.698936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although juvenile hormone (JH) is known to prevent insect larval metamorphosis and stimulate adult reproduction, the molecular mechanisms of JH action in insect reproduction remain largely unknown. Earlier, we reported that the JH-receptor complex, composed of methoprene-tolerant and steroid receptor co-activator, acts on mini-chromosome maintenance (Mcm) genes Mcm4 and Mcm7 to promote DNA replication and polyploidy for the massive vitellogenin (Vg) synthesis required for egg production in the migratory locust (Guo, W., Wu, Z., Song, J., Jiang, F., Wang, Z., Deng, S., Walker, V. K., and Zhou, S. (2014) PLoS Genet. 10, e1004702). In this study we have investigated the involvement of cell-division-cycle 6 (Cdc6) in JH-dependent vitellogenesis and oogenesis, as Cdc6 is essential for the formation of prereplication complex. We demonstrate here that Cdc6 is expressed in response to JH and methoprene-tolerant, and Cdc6 transcription is directly regulated by the JH-receptor complex. Knockdown of Cdc6 inhibits polyploidization of fat body and follicle cells, resulting in the substantial reduction of Vg expression in the fat body as well as severely impaired oocyte maturation and ovarian growth. Our data indicate the involvement of Cdc6 in JH pathway and a pivotal role of Cdc6 in JH-mediated polyploidization, vitellogenesis, and oogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxia Wu
- From the School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yingtian Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 30012, China, and
| | - Shutang Zhou
- State Key laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
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14
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Xu H, Xu K, He HH, Zang C, Chen CH, Chen Y, Qin Q, Wang S, Wang C, Hu S, Li F, Long H, Brown M, Liu XS. Integrative Analysis Reveals the Transcriptional Collaboration between EZH2 and E2F1 in the Regulation of Cancer-Related Gene Expression. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 14:163-172. [PMID: 26659825 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Overexpression of EZH2 is frequently linked to the advanced and metastatic stage of cancers. The mechanisms of its oncogenic function can be context specific, and may vary depending on the protein complexes that EZH2 interacts with. To identify novel transcriptional collaborators of EZH2 in cancers, a computational approach was developed that integrates protein-DNA binding data, cell perturbation gene expression data, and compendiums of tumor expression profiles. This holistic approach identified E2F1, a known mediator of the Rb tumor suppressor, as a transcriptional collaborator of EZH2 in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Subsequent analysis and experimental validation found EZH2 and E2F1 cobind to a subset of chromatin sites lacking H3K27 trimethylation, and activate genes that are critical for prostate cancer progression. The collaboration of EZH2 and E2F1 in transcriptional regulation is also observed in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell lines, where activation of the transcriptional network is concordant with the cellular response to the EZH2 inhibitor. IMPLICATIONS The direct collaboration between EZH2 and Rb/E2F1 pathway provides an innovative mechanism underlying the cascade of tumor progression, and lays the foundation for the development of new anticancer targets/strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kexin Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Housheng H He
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chongzhi Zang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chen-Hao Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Qian Qin
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Su Wang
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chenfei Wang
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shengen Hu
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Fugen Li
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Henry Long
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Myles Brown
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - X Shirley Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 02138, China
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15
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Kashkin K, Chernov I, Stukacheva E, Monastyrskaya G, Uspenskaya N, Kopantzev E, Sverdlov E. Cancer specificity of promoters of the genes controlling cell proliferation. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:299-309. [PMID: 25187488 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Violation of proliferation control is a common feature of cancer cells. We put forward the hypothesis that promoters of genes involved in the control of cell proliferation should possess intrinsic cancer specific activity. We cloned promoter regions of CDC6, POLD1, CKS1B, MCM2, and PLK1 genes into pGL3 reporter vector and studied their ability to drive heterologous gene expression in transfected cancer cells of different origin and in normal human fibroblasts. Each promoter was cloned in short (335-800 bp) and long (up to 2.3 kb) variants to cover probable location of core and whole promoter regulatory elements. Cloned promoters were significantly more active in cancer cells than in normal fibroblasts that may indicate their cancer specificity. Both versions of CDC6 promoters were shown to be most active while the activities of others were close to that of BIRC5 gene (survivin) gene promoter. Long and short variants of each cloned promoter demonstrated very similar cancer specificity with the exception of PLK1-long promoter that was substantially more specific than its short variant and other promoters under study. The data indicate that most of the important cis-regulatory transcription elements responsible for intrinsic cancer specificity are located in short variants of the promoters under study. CDC6 short promoter may serve as a promising candidate for transcription targeted cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Kashkin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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16
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Young A, Berry R, Holloway AF, Blackburn NB, Dickinson JL, Skala M, Phillips JL, Brettingham-Moore KH. RNA-seq profiling of a radiation resistant and radiation sensitive prostate cancer cell line highlights opposing regulation of DNA repair and targets for radiosensitization. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:808. [PMID: 25369795 PMCID: PMC4233036 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is a chosen treatment option for prostate cancer patients and while some tumours respond well, up to 50% of patients may experience tumour recurrence. Identification of functionally relevant predictive biomarkers for radioresponse in prostate cancer would enable radioresistant patients to be directed to more appropriate treatment options, avoiding the side-effects of radiotherapy. METHODS Using an in vitro model to screen for novel biomarkers of radioresistance, transcriptome analysis of a radioresistant (PC-3) and radiosensitive (LNCaP) prostate cancer cell line was performed. Following pathway analysis candidate genes were validated using qRT-PCR. The DNA repair pathway in radioresistant PC-3 cells was then targeted for radiation sensitization using the PARP inhibitor, niacinimide. RESULTS Opposing regulation of a DNA repair and replication pathway was observed between PC-3 and LNCaP cells from RNA-seq analysis. Candidate genes BRCA1, RAD51, FANCG, MCM7, CDC6 and ORC1 were identified as being significantly differentially regulated post-irradiation. qRT-PCR validation confirmed BRCA1, RAD51 and FANCG as being significantly differentially regulated at 24 hours post radiotherapy (p-value =0.003, 0.045 and 0.003 respectively). While the radiosensitive LNCaP cells down-regulated BRCA1, FANCG and RAD51, the radioresistant PC-3 cell line up-regulated these candidates to promote cell survival post-radiotherapy and a similar trend was observed for MCM7, CDC6 and ORC1. Inhibition of DNA repair using niacinamide sensitised the radioresistant cells to irradiation, reducing cell survival at 2 Gy from 66% to 44.3% (p-value =0.02). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the DNA repair candidates identified via RNA-seq hold potential as both targets for radiation sensitization and predictive biomarkers in prostate cancer.
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17
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Liu Y, Gong Z, Sun L, Li X. FOXM1 and androgen receptor co-regulate CDC6 gene transcription and DNA replication in prostate cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1839:297-305. [PMID: 24583551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CDC6 is a key component of the DNA replication initiation machinery, and its transcription is regulated by E2F or androgen receptor (AR) alone or in combination in prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Through both overexpression and knockdown approaches, we found that in addition to its effects on the E2F pathway, the cell proliferation specific transcription factor FOXM1 stimulated CDC6 transcription in cooperation with AR. We have identified a forkhead box motif in the CDC6 proximal promoter that is occupied by FOXM1 and is sufficient to drive FOXM1-regulated transcription. Indirectly, FOXM1 elevated AR protein levels and AR dependent transcription. Furthermore, FOXM1 and AR proteins physically interact. Using synchronized cultures, we observed that CDC6 expression is elevated near S phase of the cell cycle, at a time coinciding with elevated FOXM1 and AR expression and CDC6 promoter occupancy by both AR and FOXM1 proteins. Androgen increased the binding of AR protein to CDC6 promoter, and AR and FOXM1 knockdown decreased AR binding. These results provided new evidence for the regulatory mechanism of aberrant CDC6 oncogene transcription by FOXM1 and AR, two highly expressed transcription factors in PCa cells. Functionally, the cooperation of FOXM1 and AR accelerated DNA synthesis and cell proliferation by affecting CDC6 gene expression. Furthermore, siomycin A, a proteasome inhibitor known to inhibit FOXM1 expression and activity, inhibited PCa cell proliferation and its effect was additive to that of bicalutamide, an antiandrogen commonly used to treat PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhong Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Lunquan Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Li
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Su S, Minges JT, Grossman G, Blackwelder AJ, Mohler JL, Wilson EM. Proto-oncogene activity of melanoma antigen-A11 (MAGE-A11) regulates retinoblastoma-related p107 and E2F1 proteins. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:24809-24. [PMID: 23853093 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.468579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma antigen-A11 (MAGE-A11) is a low-abundance, primate-specific steroid receptor coregulator in normal tissues of the human reproductive tract that is expressed at higher levels in prostate cancer. Increased expression of MAGE-A11 enhances androgen receptor transcriptional activity and promotes prostate cancer cell growth. Further investigation into the mechanisms of MAGE-A11 function in prostate cancer demonstrated interactions with the retinoblastoma-related protein p107 and Rb tumor suppressor but no interaction with p130 of the Rb family. MAGE-A11 interaction with p107 was associated with transcriptional repression in cells with low MAGE-A11 and transcriptional activation in cells with higher MAGE-A11. Selective interaction of MAGE-A11 with retinoblastoma family members suggested the regulation of E2F transcription factors. MAGE-A11 stabilized p107 by inhibition of ubiquitination and linked p107 to hypophosphorylated E2F1 in association with the stabilization and activation of E2F1. The androgen receptor and MAGE-A11 modulated endogenous expression of the E2F1-regulated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1). The ability of MAGE-A11 to increase E2F1 transcriptional activity was similar to the activity of adenovirus early oncoprotein E1A and depended on MAGE-A11 interactions with p107 and p300. The immunoreactivity of p107 and MAGE-A11 was greater in advanced prostate cancer than in benign prostate, and knockdown with small inhibitory RNA showed that p107 is a transcriptional activator in prostate cancer cells. These results suggest that MAGE-A11 is a proto-oncogene whose increased expression in prostate cancer reverses retinoblastoma-related protein p107 from a transcriptional repressor to a transcriptional activator of the androgen receptor and E2F1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Su
- Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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19
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CHEN SANSAN, WAN PEI, DING WEN, LI FEI, HE CHENGWU, CHEN PENGLIANG, LI HONGWEI, HU ZHIMING, TAN WANLONG, LI JINLONG. Norcantharidin inhibits DNA replication and induces mitotic catastrophe by degrading initiation protein Cdc6. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:43-50. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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20
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Qu F, Cui X, Hong Y, Wang J, Li Y, Chen L, Liu Y, Gao Y, Xu D, Wang Q. MicroRNA-185 suppresses proliferation, invasion, migration, and tumorigenicity of human prostate cancer cells through targeting androgen receptor. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 377:121-30. [PMID: 23417242 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1576-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that androgen receptor (AR) is involved in the progression of prostate cancer (CaP) by several mechanisms. However, how AR is regulated has not been fully understood. In this study, miR-185 was found to be down-regulated in clinical CaP samples. Targets prediction revealed that AR had putative complementary sequences to miR-185, which was confirmed by the following dual luciferase reporter assay. Overexpression of miR-185 could reduce the expression of AR protein but not mRNA in LNCaP cells. The proliferation of LNCaP cells was inhibited by overexpression of miR-185. Cell cycle analysis revealed cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. The invasive and migration abilities of cells could also be suppressed by miR-185. Furthermore, miR-185 inhibited tumorigenicity in a CaP xenografts model. CDC6, one target of AR and an important regulatory molecule for cell cycle, was found to be down-regulated by overexpression of miR-185. Our findings suggest that miR-185 could function as a tumor-suppressor gene in CaP by directly targeting AR, and act as a potential therapeutic target for CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajun Qu
- Department of Urinary Surgery of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Sarkar S, Brautigan DL, Parsons SJ, Larner JM. Androgen receptor degradation by the E3 ligase CHIP modulates mitotic arrest in prostate cancer cells. Oncogene 2012; 33:26-33. [PMID: 23246967 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) has a vital role in the onset and progression of prostate cancer by promoting G1-S progression, possibly by functioning as a licensing factor for DNA replication. We here report that low dose 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME), an endogenous estrogen metabolite, induces mitotic arrest in prostate cancer cells involving activation of the E3 ligase CHIP (C-terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein) and degradation of the AR. Depletion of the AR by small interfering RNA (siRNA) eliminates 2-ME-induced arrest and introducing AR into PC3-M cells confers 2-ME-induced mitotic arrest. Knockdown of CHIP or MDM2 (mouse homolog of double minute 2 protein) individually or in combination reduced AR degradation and abrogated M phase arrest induced by 2-ME. Our data link AR degradation via ubiquitination to mitotic arrest. Targeting the AR by activating E3 ligases such as CHIP represents a novel strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sarkar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - D L Brautigan
- 1] Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA [2] Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - S J Parsons
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - J M Larner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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22
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Identification of retinoblastoma related genes with shortest path in a protein–protein interaction network. Biochimie 2012; 94:1910-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Altintas DM, Shukla MS, Goutte-Gattat D, Angelov D, Rouault JP, Dimitrov S, Samarut J. Direct cooperation between androgen receptor and E2F1 reveals a common regulation mechanism for androgen-responsive genes in prostate cells. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:1531-41. [PMID: 22771493 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the regulation of ATAD2 gene expression by androgens in prostate cells. ATAD2 is a coactivator of the androgen receptor (AR) and the MYC protein. We showed that ATAD2 expression is directly regulated by AR via an AR binding sequence (ARBS) located in the distal enhancer of its regulatory region. The gene is also regulated by the E2F1 transcription factor. Using knockdown and chromatin immunoprecipitation technique approaches, we could demonstrate that AR and E2F1 functionally collaborate and physically interact between each other. From the analysis of chromatin conformation, we conclude that this cooperation results from a chromatin looping over the ATAD2 promoter region between the ARBS and E2F1 binding site in an androgen-dependent manner. Furthermore, we could show that several genes overexpressed in prostate cancer and potentially involved in several aspects of tumor development have an ARBS and an E2F1 binding site in their regulatory regions and exhibit the same mechanism of regulation by both transcription factors as ATAD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Altintas
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69346 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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Schiewer MJ, Augello MA, Knudsen KE. The AR dependent cell cycle: mechanisms and cancer relevance. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 352:34-45. [PMID: 21782001 PMCID: PMC3641823 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer cells are exquisitely dependent on androgen receptor (AR) activity for proliferation and survival. As these functions are critical targets of therapeutic intervention for human disease, it is imperative to delineate the mechanisms by which AR engages the cell cycle engine. More than a decade of research has revealed that elegant intercommunication between AR and the cell cycle machinery governs receptor-dependent cellular proliferation, and that perturbations in this process occur frequently in human disease. Here, AR-cell cycle interplay and associated cancer relevance will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Schiewer
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Michael A. Augello
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Karen E. Knudsen
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Corresponding author at: Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., BLSB 1008, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Tel.: +1 215 503 8574 (office)/+1 215 503 8573 (lab). (K.E. Knudsen)
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Tapia T, Ottman R, Chakrabarti R. LIM kinase1 modulates function of membrane type matrix metalloproteinase 1: implication in invasion of prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:6. [PMID: 21219645 PMCID: PMC3027192 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) is an actin and microtubule cytoskeleton modulatory protein that is overexpressed in a number of cancerous tissues and cells and also promotes invasion and metastasis of prostate and breast cancer cells. Membrane type matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MT1-MMP) is a critical modulator of extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover through pericellular proteolysis and thus plays crucial roles in neoplastic cell invasion and metastasis. MT1-MMP and its substrates pro-MMP-2 and pro-MMP-9 are often overexpressed in a variety of cancers including prostate cancer and the expression levels correlate with the grade of malignancy in prostate cancer cells. The purpose of this study is to determine any functional relation between LIMK1 and MT1-MMP and its implication in cell invasion. Results Our results showed that treatment with the hydroxamate inhibitor of MT1-MMP, MMP-2 and MMP-9 ilomastat inhibited LIMK1-induced invasion of benign prostate epithelial cells. Over expression of LIMK1 resulted in increased collagenolytic activity of MMP-2, and secretion of pro-MMP2 and pro-MMP-9. Cells over expressing LIMK1 also exhibited increased expression of MT1-MMP, transcriptional activation and its localization to the plasma membrane. LIMK1 physically associates with MT1-MMP and is colocalized with it to the Golgi vesicles. We also noted increased expression of both MT1-MMP and LIMK1 in prostate tumor tissues. Conclusion Our results provide new information on regulation of MT1-MMP function by LIMK1 and showed for the first time, involvement of MMPs in LIMK1 induced cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenekua Tapia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Torosyan Y, Simakova O, Naga S, Mezhevaya K, Leighton X, Diaz J, Huang W, Pollard H, Srivastava M. Annexin-A7 protects normal prostate cells and induces distinct patterns of RB-associated cytotoxicity in androgen-sensitive and -resistant prostate cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:2528-39. [PMID: 19610065 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor role of annexin-A7 (ANXA7) was previously demonstrated by cancer susceptibility in Anxa7(+/-)-mice and by ANXA7 loss in human cancers, especially in hormone-resistant prostate tumors. To gain mechanistic insights into ANXA7 tumor suppression, we undertook an in vitro study in which we compared wild-type (WT)-ANXA7 and dominant-negative (DN)-ANXA7 effects to a conventional tumor suppressor p53 in prostate cancer cells with different androgen sensitivity. Unlike p53 (which caused cell growth arrest and apoptosis to a noticeable extent in benign PrEC), WT-ANXA7 demonstrated profound cytotoxicityin androgen-sensitive LNCaP as well as in the androgen-resistant DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells, but not in PrEC. In androgen-sensitive LNCaP, WT-ANXA7 decreased low-molecular-weight (LMW) AR protein forms and maintained higher retinoblastoma 1 (RB1)/phospho-RB1 ratio. In contrast, DN-ANXA7 (which lacks phosphatidylserine liposome aggregation properties) increased LMW-AR forms and hyperphosphorylated RB1 that was consistent with the lack of DN-ANXA7 cytotoxicity. According to the microarray-based Ingenuity Pathways Analysis, a major WT-ANXA7 effect in androgen-sensitive LNCaP constituted of upregulation of the RB1-binding transcription factor E2F1 along with its downstream proapoptotic targets such as ASK1 and ASPP2. These results suggested a reversal of the RBdependent repression of the proapoptotic E2F-mediated transcription. However, DN-ANXA7 increased RB1/2 (but not E2F1) expression and induced the proliferation-promoting ERK5, thereby maintaining the RB-dependent repression of E2F-mediated apoptosis in LNcaP. On the other hand, in androgen-resistant cells, WT-ANXA7 tumor suppressor effects involved PTEN and NFkB pathways. Thus, ANXA7 revived the RB-associated cell survival control and overcame androgen resistance and dysfunctional status of major tumor suppressors commonly mutated in prostate cancer. Published 2009 UICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelizaveta Torosyan
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Jin F, Fondell JD. A novel androgen receptor-binding element modulates Cdc6 transcription in prostate cancer cells during cell-cycle progression. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37:4826-38. [PMID: 19520769 PMCID: PMC2724301 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of prostate cancer by promoting cellular proliferation. Recent studies suggest AR is a master regulator of G1-S progression and possibly a licensing factor for DNA replication yet the mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here we report that AR targets the human Cdc6 gene for transcriptional regulation. Cdc6 is an essential regulator of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells and its mRNA expression is inversely modulated by androgen or antiandrogen treatment in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells. AR binds at a distinct androgen-response element (ARE) in the Cdc6 promoter that is functionally required for androgen-dependent Cdc6 transcription. We found that peak AR occupancy at the novel ARE occurs during the G1/S phase concomitant with peak Cdc6 mRNA expression. We also identified several of the coactivators and corepressors involved in AR-dependent Cdc6 transcriptional regulation in vivo and further characterized ligand-induced alterations in histone acetylation and methylation at the Cdc6 promoter. Significantly, AR silencing in prostate cancer cells markedly decreases Cdc6 expression and androgen-dependent cellular proliferation. Collectively, our results suggest that Cdc6 is a key regulatory target for AR and provide new insights into the mechanisms of prostate cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph D. Fondell
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 732 235 3348; Fax: +1 732 235 5823;
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