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Aslan Öztürk S, Cincik M, Donmez Cakil Y, Sayan S, Selam B. Early Compaction Might Be a Parameter to Determine Good Quality Embryos and Day of Embryo Transfer in Patients Undergoing Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. Cureus 2022; 14:e23593. [PMID: 35494986 PMCID: PMC9046904 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Compaction is the first event in embryo morphogenesis. Blastocyst transfer on day five or six has been widely performed in the last decade. We investigated the clinical value of early compaction on day three for evaluation of the transferred embryo quality and pregnancy. Methods: Four hundred patients with female factor infertility and 776 fresh embryo transfers were included. Two groups were formed: Early compaction group had embryo transfer with at least one day-three embryo exhibiting early compaction. Transferred embryos without early compaction comprised the control group. Embryo transfer was performed on day three or five after the assessment of embryo compaction by a time-lapse technology system. Each patient underwent only a single cycle of embryo transfer. We analyzed fertilization, pregnancy, and live birth rates. Results: We detected significantly higher numbers of the retrieved oocytes, metaphase II (MII) oocytes, and fertilized oocytes in the early compaction group. Moreover, the transfer of the early compacting embryos on day three resulted in higher pregnancy and live birth rates. Conclusion: Our data suggest that early compaction might be a factor to determine good quality embryos and embryo transfer day.
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Abstract
The cytoskeleton - comprising actin filaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments - serves instructive roles in regulating cell function and behaviour during development. However, a key challenge in cell and developmental biology is to dissect how these different structures function and interact in vivo to build complex tissues, with the ultimate aim to understand these processes in a mammalian organism. The preimplantation mouse embryo has emerged as a primary model system for tackling this challenge. Not only does the mouse embryo share many morphological similarities with the human embryo during its initial stages of life, it also permits the combination of genetic manipulations with live-imaging approaches to study cytoskeletal dynamics directly within an intact embryonic system. These advantages have led to the discovery of novel cytoskeletal structures and mechanisms controlling lineage specification, cell-cell communication and the establishment of the first forms of tissue architecture during development. Here we highlight the diverse organization and functions of each of the three cytoskeletal filaments during the key events that shape the early mammalian embryo, and discuss how they work together to perform key developmental tasks, including cell fate specification and morphogenesis of the blastocyst. Collectively, these findings are unveiling a new picture of how cells in the early embryo dynamically remodel their cytoskeleton with unique spatial and temporal precision to drive developmental processes in the rapidly changing in vivo environment.
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Kwon J, Seong MJ, Piao X, Jo YJ, Kim NH. LIMK1/2 are required for actin filament and cell junction assembly in porcine embryos developing in vitro. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 33:1579-1589. [PMID: 32054159 PMCID: PMC7463081 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to investigate the roles of LIM kinases (LIMK1 and LIMK2) during porcine early embryo development. We checked the mRNA expression patterns and localization of LIMK1/2 to evaluate their characterization. We further explored the function of LIMK1/2 in developmental competence and their relationship between actin assembly and cell junction integrity, specifically during the first cleavage and compaction. Methods Pig ovaries were transferred from a local slaughterhouse within 1 h and cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected. COCs were matured in in vitro maturation medium in a CO2 incubator. Metaphase II oocytes were activated using an Electro Cell Manipulator 2001 and microinjected to insert LIMK1/2 dsRNA into the cytoplasm. To confirm the roles of LIMK1/2 during compaction and subsequent blastocyst formation, we employed a LIMK inhibitor (LIMKi3). Results LIMK1/2 was localized in cytoplasm in embryos and co-localized with actin in cell-to-cell boundaries after the morula stage. LIMK1/2 knockdown using LIMK1/2 dsRNA significantly decreased the cleavage rate, compared to the control group. Protein levels of E-cadherin and β-catenin, present in adherens junctions, were reduced at the cell-to-cell boundaries in the LIMK1/2 knockdown embryos. Embryos treated with LIMKi3 at the morula stage failed to undergo compaction and could not develop into blastocysts. Actin intensity at the cortical region was considerably reduced in LIMKi3-treated embryos. LIMKi3-induced decrease in cortical actin levels was attributed to the disruption of adherens junction and tight junction assembly. Phosphorylation of cofilin was also reduced in LIMKi3-treated embryos. Conclusion The above results suggest that LIMK1/2 is crucial for cleavage and compaction through regulation of actin organization and cell junction assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwoo Kwon
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk Natonal University, Cheongju 28864, Korea
| | - Min-Jung Seong
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk Natonal University, Cheongju 28864, Korea
| | - Xuanjing Piao
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk Natonal University, Cheongju 28864, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jo
- Primate Resources Center (PRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup 56216, Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk Natonal University, Cheongju 28864, Korea.,School of Biotechnology and Healthcare, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
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Ling H, Ji X, Lei Y, Jia Y, Liu F, Xia H, Tan H, Zeng X, Yi L, He J, Su Q. Diallyl disulfide induces downregulation and inactivation of cofilin 1 differentiation via the Rac1/ROCK1/LIMK1 pathway in leukemia cells. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:772-782. [PMID: 32124958 PMCID: PMC7010219 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cofilin is associated with cell differentiation; however, to the best of our knowledge, no data have indicated an association between the cofilin 1 pathway and leukemia cell differentiation. The present study investigated the involvement of the cofilin 1 signaling pathway in diallyl disulfide (DADS)-induced differentiation and the inhibitory effects on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human leukemia HL-60 cells. First, it was identified that 8 µM DADS suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced differentiation based on the reduced nitroblue tetrazolium ability and increased CD11b and CD33 expression. DADS significantly downregulated the expression of cofilin 1 and phosphorylated cofilin 1 in HL-60 leukemia cells. Second, it was verified that silencing cofilin 1 markedly promoted 8 µM DADS-induced differentiation and the inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and invasion. Overexpression of cofilin 1 obviously suppressed 8 µM DADS-induced differentiation and the inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and invasion. Third, the present study examined the mechanisms by which 8 µM DADS decreases cofilin 1 expression and activation. The results revealed that 8 µM DADS inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of Rac1, Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) and LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK1) as well as the phosphorylation of LIMK1 in HL-60 cells, while 8 µM DADS enhanced the effects of the Rac1-ROCK1-LIMK1 pathway in cells overexpressing cofilin 1 compared with that in control HL-60 cells. These results suggest that the anticancer function of DADS on HL-60 leukemia cells is regulated by the Rac1-ROCK1-LIMK1-cofilin 1 pathway, indicating that DADS could be a promising anti-leukemia therapeutic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ling
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology (University of South China), College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Ji
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology (University of South China), College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Lei
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology (University of South China), College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology (University of South China), College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology (University of South China), College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology (University of South China), College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology (University of South China), College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology (University of South China), College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Lan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology (University of South China), College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jie He
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology (University of South China), College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Qi Su
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology (University of South China), College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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Duan X, Zhang HL, Wu LL, Liu MY, Pan MH, Ou XH, Sun SC. Involvement of LIMK1/2 in actin assembly during mouse embryo development. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1381-1389. [PMID: 29943641 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1482138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
LIMKs (LIMK1 and LIMK2) are serine/threonine protein kinases that involve in various cellular activities such as cell migration, morphogenesis and cytokinesis. However, its roles during mammalian early embryo development are still unclear. In the present study, we disrupted LIMK1/2 activity to explore the functions of LIMK1/2 during mouse early embryo development. We found that p-LIMK1/2 mainly located at the cortex of each blastomeres from 2-cell to 8-cell stage, and p-LIMK1/2 also expressed at morula and blastocyst stage in mouse embryos. Inhibition of LIMK1/2 activity by LIMKi 3 (BMS-5) at the zygote stage caused the failure of embryo early cleavage, and the disruption of LIMK1/2 activity at 8-cell stage caused the defects of embryo compaction and blastocyst formation. Fluorescence staining and intensity analysis results demonstrated that the inhibition of LIMK1/2 activity caused aberrant cortex actin expression and the decrease of phosphorylated cofilin in mouse embryos. Taken together, we identified LIMK1/2 as an important regulator for cofilin phosphorylation and actin assembly during mouse early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Duan
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Hao-Lin Zhang
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Lan-Lan Wu
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Meng-Yao Liu
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Meng-Hao Pan
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiang-Hong Ou
- b Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center , Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
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Nakaya M, Tanabe H, Takamatsu S, Hosokawa M, Mitani T. Visualization of the spatial arrangement of nuclear organization using three-dimensional fluorescence in situ hybridization in early mouse embryos: A new "EASI-FISH chamber glass" for mammalian embryos. J Reprod Dev 2017; 63:167-174. [PMID: 28190810 PMCID: PMC5401810 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The fertilized oocyte begins cleavage, leading to zygotic gene activation (ZGA), which re-activates the resting genome to acquire totipotency. In this process, genomic function is regulated by the dynamic structural conversion in the nucleus. Indeed, a considerable number of genes that are essential for embryonic development are located near the pericentromeric regions, wherein the heterochromatin is formed. These genes are repressed transcriptionally in somatic cells. Three-dimensional fluorescence in situ hybridization (3D-FISH) enables the visualization of the intranuclear spatial arrangement, such as gene loci, chromosomal domains, and chromosome territories (CTs). However, the 3D-FISH approach in mammalian embryos has been limited to certain repeated sequences because of its unfavorable properties. In this study, we developed an easy-to-use chamber device (EASI-FISH chamber) for 3D-FISH in early embryos, and visualized, for the first time, the spatial arrangements of pericentromeric regions, the ZGA-activated gene (Zscan4) loci, and CTs (chromosome 7), simultaneously during the early cleavage stage of mouse embryos by 3D-FISH. As a result, it was revealed that morphological changes of the pericentromeric regions and CTs, and relocation of the Zscan4 loci in CTs, occurred in the 1- to 4-cell stage embryos, which was different from those in somatic cells. This convenient and reproducible 3D-FISH technique for mammalian embryos represents a valuable tool that will provide insights into the nuclear dynamics of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Nakaya
- Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Tanabe
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, School of Advanced Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - Shingo Takamatsu
- Department of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
| | - Misaki Hosokawa
- Department of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
| | - Tasuku Mitani
- Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan.,Institute of Advanced Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama 642-0017, Japan
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Kim J, Kim SH, Jun JH. Prediction of blastocyst development and implantation potential in utero based on the third cleavage and compaction times in mouse pre-implantation embryos. J Reprod Dev 2016; 63:117-125. [PMID: 27980237 PMCID: PMC5401804 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis and cell division during pre-implantation embryonic development occur as an orchestrated spatiotemporal program. Cleavage, compaction, and
blastulation in pre-implantation embryos are essential for successful implantation and pregnancy. Their alteration is associated with chromosomal imbalance and
loss of developmental competence. In this study, we evaluated the time of cleavage and compaction as predictors for in vitro pre- and
peri-implantation development and in utero implantation potential by time-lapse monitoring. Mouse 2-cell embryos were collected on 1.5 days
post coitum (dpc) and were individually cultured to the outgrowth (OG) stage (7.5 dpc). Developmental stages were classified as 3-cell,
4-cell, 8-cell, morula, blastocyst, and OG. Cut-off times for successful blastocyst development were determined by receiver operating characteristic curve
analysis. When cut-off times were set as 9 h for the third cleavage from the 2- to 4-cell stage, and 40 h for compaction from the 2-cell to morula stage,
blastocyst and OG development rates, respectively, were significantly higher (P < 0.0001). Embryos were grouped according to the above cut-off time and
transferred to the contralateral uterine horn on 3.5 dpc. Implantation rates in utero on 5.5 dpc were significantly higher in early third
cleaved (≤ 9 h from 2- to 4-cell) and early compacted embryos (≤ 40 h from 2-cell to morula) than those in delayed embryos (P < 0.05). Therefore, the time of
the third cleavage from 2- to the 4-cell stage and compaction from 2-cell to morula stage may be a useful morphokinetic parameter for predicting developmental
potential, including successful implantation and pregnancy in human in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduated School, Eulji University, Gyeonggi-do 461-713, Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Jun
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduated School, Eulji University, Gyeonggi-do 461-713, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Health Science, Eulji University, Gyeonggi-do 461-713, Korea.,Eulji Medi-Bio Research Institute (EMBRI), Eulji University, Gyeonggi-do 461-713, Korea
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Rho-associated protein kinase regulates subcellular localisation of Angiomotin and Hippo-signalling during preimplantation mouse embryo development. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 33:381-90. [PMID: 27430121 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The differential activity of the Hippo-signalling pathway between the outer- and inner-cell populations of the developing preimplantation mouse embryo directs appropriate formation of trophectoderm and inner cell mass (ICM) lineages. Such distinct signalling activity is under control of intracellular polarization, whereby Hippo-signalling is either supressed in polarized outer cells or activated in apolar inner cells. The central role of apical-basolateral polarization to such differential Hippo-signalling regulation prompted us to reinvestigate the role of potential upstream molecular regulators affecting apical-basolateral polarity. This study reports that the chemical inhibition of Rho-associated kinase (Rock) is associated with failure to form morphologically distinct blastocysts, indicative of compromised trophectoderm differentiation, and defects in the localization of both apical and basolateral polarity factors associated with malformation of tight junctions. Moreover, Rock-inhibition mediates mislocalization of the Hippo-signalling activator Angiomotin (Amot), to the basolateral regions of outer cells and is concomitant with aberrant activation of the pathway. The Rock-inhibition phenotype is mediated by Amot, as RNAi-based Amot knockdown totally rescues the normal suppression of Hippo-signalling in outer cells. In conclusion, Rock, via regulating appropriate apical-basolateral polarization in outer cells, regulates the appropriate activity of the Hippo-signalling pathway, by ensuring correct subcellular localization of Amot protein in outer cells.
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Eckert JJ, Velazquez MA, Fleming TP. Cell signalling during blastocyst morphogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 843:1-21. [PMID: 25956293 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2480-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Blastocyst morphogenesis is prepared for even before fertilisation. Information stored within parental gametes can influence both maternal and embryonic gene expression programmes after egg activation at fertilisation. A complex network of intrinsic, cell-cell mediated and extrinsic, embryo-environment signalling mechanisms operates throughout cleavage, compaction and cavitation. These signalling events not only ensure developmental progression, cell differentiation and lineage allocation to inner cell mass (embryo proper) and trophectoderm (future extraembryonic lineages) but also provide a degree of developmental plasticity ensuring survival in prevailing conditions by adaptive responses. Indeed, many cellular functions including differentiation, metabolism, gene expression and gene expression regulation are subject to plasticity with short- or long-term consequences even into adult life. The interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic signals impacting on blastocyst morphogenesis is becoming clearer. This has been best studied in the mouse which will be the focus of this chapter but translational significance to human and domestic animal embryology will be a focus in future years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith J Eckert
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK
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10
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Mazur AJ, Morosan-Puopolo G, Makowiecka A, Malicka-Błaszkiewicz M, Nowak D, Brand-Saberi B. Analysis of gelsolin expression pattern in developing chicken embryo reveals high GSN expression level in tissues of neural crest origin. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 221:515-34. [PMID: 25352156 PMCID: PMC4720725 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gelsolin is one of the most intensively studied actin-binding proteins. However, in the literature comprehensive studies of GSN expression during development have not been performed yet in all model organisms. In zebrafish, gelsolin is a dorsalizing factor that modulates bone morphogenetic proteins signaling pathways, whereas knockout of the gelsolin coding gene, GSN is not lethal in murine model. To study the role of gelsolin in development of higher vertebrates, it is crucial to estimate GSN expression pattern during development. Here, we examined GSN expression in the developing chicken embryo. We applied numerous methods to track GSN expression in developing embryos at mRNA and protein level. We noted a characteristic GSN expression pattern. Although GSN transcripts were present in several cell types starting from early developmental stages, a relatively high GSN expression was observed in eye, brain vesicles, midbrain, neural tube, heart tube, and splanchnic mesoderm. In older embryos, we observed a high GSN expression in the cranial ganglia and dorsal root ganglia. A detailed analysis of 10-day-old chicken embryos revealed high amounts of gelsolin especially within the head region: in the olfactory and optic systems, meninges, nerves, muscles, presumptive pituitary gland, and pericytes, but not oligodendrocytes in the brain. Obtained results suggest that GSN is expressed at high levels in some tissues of ectodermal origin including all neural crest derivatives. Additionally, we describe that silencing of GSN expression in brain vesicles leads to altered morphology of the mesencephalon. This implies gelsolin is crucial for chicken brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Joanna Mazur
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
| | | | - Aleksandra Makowiecka
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maria Malicka-Błaszkiewicz
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Nowak
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Beate Brand-Saberi
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Yu XJ, Yi Z, Gao Z, Qin D, Zhai Y, Chen X, Ou-Yang Y, Wang ZB, Zheng P, Zhu MS, Wang H, Sun QY, Dean J, Li L. The subcortical maternal complex controls symmetric division of mouse zygotes by regulating F-actin dynamics. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4887. [PMID: 25208553 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal effect genes play critical roles in early embryogenesis of model organisms where they have been intensively investigated. However, their molecular function in mammals remains largely unknown. Recently, we identified a subcortical maternal complex (SCMC) that contains four proteins encoded by maternal effect genes (Mater, Filia, Floped and Tle6). Here we report that TLE6, similar to FLOPED and MATER, stabilizes the SCMC and is necessary for cleavage beyond the two-cell stage of development. We document that the SCMC is required for formation of the cytoplasmic F-actin meshwork that controls the central position of the spindle and ensures symmetric division of mouse zygotes. We further demonstrate that the SCMC controls formation of the actin cytoskeleton specifically via Cofilin, a key regulator of F-actin assembly. Our results provide molecular insight into the physiological function of TLE6, its interaction with the SCMC and their roles in the symmetric division of the zygote in early mouse development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jiang Yu
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaohong Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zheng Gao
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dandan Qin
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanhua Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yingchun Ou-Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- State Key laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Min-Sheng Zhu
- Model Animal Research Center and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jurrien Dean
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8028, USA
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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12
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Faulkner S, Elia G, O' Boyle P, Dunn M, Morris D. Composition of the bovine uterine proteome is associated with stage of cycle and concentration of systemic progesterone. Proteomics 2014; 13:3333-53. [PMID: 24115321 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Early embryonic loss accounts for over 70% of total embryonic and foetal loss in dairy cattle. Early embryonic development and survival is associated with the concentration of systemic progesterone. To determine if the uterine proteome is influenced by stage of cycle or systemic progesterone concentrations, uterine flushings were collected from the ipsi- and contralateral uterine horns of beef heifers on Days 7 (n = 10) and 15 (n = 10) of the oestrous cycle. Animals were separated into low or high progesterone groups based on plasma progesterone concentrations on Day 5 of the cycle. Samples were albumin depleted before iTRAQ R labeling and subsequent strong cation exchange-LC-MS/MS analyses. A total of 20 proteins were up to 5.9-fold higher (p<0.05) and 20 were up to 2.3-fold lower on Day 15 compared toDay 7. In addition, the expression of a number of proteins on Day 7 and/or 15 of the cycle was correlated with progesterone concentrations during Days 3–7 or the rate of change in progesterone between Days 3 and 7. This study highlights the dynamic changes occurring in the microenvironment surrounding the embryo during this period. The findings here also support the hypothesis that progesterone supports embryonic development by altering the maternal uterine environment.
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Li Q, Zhang P, Zhang C, Wang Y, Wan R, Yang Y, Guo X, Huo R, Lin M, Zhou Z, Sha J. DDX3X regulates cell survival and cell cycle during mouse early embryonic development. J Biomed Res 2014; 28:282-91. [PMID: 25050112 PMCID: PMC4102842 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.27.20130047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DDX3X is a highly conserved DEAD-box RNA helicase that participates in RNA transcription, RNA splicing, and mRNA transport, translation, and nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. It is highly expressed in metaphase II (MII) oocytes and is the predominant DDX3 variant in the ovary and embryo. However, whether it is important in mouse early embryo development remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the function of DDX3X in early embryogenesis by cytoplasmic microinjection with its siRNA in zygotes or single blastomeres of 2-cell embryos. Our results showed that knockdown of Ddx3x in zygote cytoplasm led to dramatically diminished blastocyst formation, reduced cell numbers, and an increase in the number of apoptotic cells in blastocysts. Meanwhile, there was an accumulation of p53 in RNAi blastocysts. In addition, the ratio of cell cycle arrest during 2-cell to 4-cell transition increased following microinjection of Ddx3x siRNA into single blastomeres of 2-cell embryos compared with control. These results suggest that Ddx3x is an essential gene associated with cell survival and cell cycle control in mouse early embryos, and thus plays key roles in normal embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ru Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ran Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Min Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Zuomin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jiahao Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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14
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Peer D. Harnessing RNAi nanomedicine for precision therapy. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:5. [PMID: 26056574 PMCID: PMC4452054 DOI: 10.1186/2052-8426-2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing RNA interference as an innovative therapeutic strategy has an immense likelihood to generate novel concepts in precision medicine. Several clinical trials are on the way with some positive initial results. Yet, targeting of RNAi payloads such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNA (miR) mimetic or anti-miR (antagomirs) into specific cell types remains a challenge. Major attempts are done for developing nano-sized carriers that could overcome systemic, local and cellular barriers. This progress report will focus on the recent advances in the RNAi world, detailing strategies of systemic passive tissue targeting and active cellular targeting, which is often considered as the holy grail of drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Peer
- Laboratory of NanoMedicine, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv, 69978 Israel ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv, 69978 Israel ; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978 Israel
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15
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Peer D. Harnessing RNAi nanomedicine for precision therapy. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:5. [PMID: 26056574 PMCID: PMC4452054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing RNA interference as an innovative therapeutic strategy has an immense likelihood to generate novel concepts in precision medicine. Several clinical trials are on the way with some positive initial results. Yet, targeting of RNAi payloads such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNA (miR) mimetic or anti-miR (antagomirs) into specific cell types remains a challenge. Major attempts are done for developing nano-sized carriers that could overcome systemic, local and cellular barriers. This progress report will focus on the recent advances in the RNAi world, detailing strategies of systemic passive tissue targeting and active cellular targeting, which is often considered as the holy grail of drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Peer
- />Laboratory of NanoMedicine, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv, 69978 Israel
- />Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv, 69978 Israel
- />Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978 Israel
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16
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Hobson SA, Vanderplank PA, Pope RJP, Kerr NCH, Wynick D. Galanin stimulates neurite outgrowth from sensory neurons by inhibition of Cdc42 and Rho GTPases and activation of cofilin. J Neurochem 2013; 127:199-208. [PMID: 23895321 PMCID: PMC3935412 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We and others have previously shown that the neuropeptide galanin modulates neurite outgrowth from adult sensory neurons via activation of the second galanin receptor; however, the intracellular signalling pathways that mediate this neuritogenic effect have yet to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that galanin decreases the activation state in adult sensory neurons and PC12 cells of Rho and Cdc42 GTPases, both known regulators of filopodial and growth cone motility. Consistent with this, activated levels of Rho and Cdc42 levels are increased in the dorsal root ganglion of adult galanin knockout animals compared with wildtype controls. Furthermore, galanin markedly increases the activation state of cofilin, a downstream effector of many of the small GTPases, in the cell bodies and growth cones of sensory neurons and in PC12 cells. We also demonstrate a reduction in the activation of cofilin, and alteration in growth cone motility, in cultured galanin knockout neurons compared with wildtype controls. These data provide the first evidence that galanin regulates the Rho family of GTPases and cofilin to stimulate growth cone dynamics and neurite outgrowth in sensory neurons. These findings have important therapeutic implications for the treatment of peripheral sensory neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally-Ann Hobson
- Schools of Physiology and Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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17
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Comparative proteomic analysis of kidney development-related proteins in the pig. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 49:315-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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18
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Cai X, Huang W, Qiao Y, Chen Y, Du S, Chen D, Yu S, Che R, Jiang Y. Proteomics identifies differentially expressed proteins in neonatal murine thymus compared with adults. Proteome Sci 2012; 10:65. [PMID: 23134655 PMCID: PMC3583686 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-10-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The thymus is an immune organ essential for life and plays a crucial role in the development of T cells. It undergoes a fetal to adult developmental maturation process occurring in mouse during the postnatal months. The molecular modifications underlying these ontogenic changes are essentially unknown. Here we used a differential proteomic-based technique (2D-Difference Gel Electrophoresis) coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry to search for key proteins in the postnatal development of the thymus. Eight different BALB/c mice were used in the study: four mice aged of 1 day (neonatal) and four mice aged of 60 days (adult). Protein samples derived from thymus were labeled and run in 2D-PAGE (Two-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis). One whole-thymus tissue from each mouse was run on gels and each gel containing a pooled sample of the eight mice was run in parallel. The pooled sample was set as the internal pool, containing equal amount of each protein extract used in the experiment. Gels were matched and compared with Difference In-gel Analysis software. Differential spots were picked, in-gel digested and peptide mass fingerprints were obtained. Results Among the differentially regulated proteins in neonatal thymus group, 111 proteins were identified by mass spectrometry, of which 95 proteins were up-regulated and 16 proteins were down-regulated. The identified proteins belong to several functional categories, including cell proliferation, cycle and apoptosis, transcription regulation, signal transduction, nucleotide processing, proteolysis and translation, protein folding, metabolism, oxidoreduction, cytoskeleton, immune response, and embryonic development. The major interaction networks comprised of cellular function and maintenance, cellular assembly and organization, and metabolism were also identified by STRING analysis. Conclusions The demonstrated molecular changes are relevant for understanding thymus development as well as neonatal immune function, and they provide the diagnostic disease markers. Further studies will be required to describe in detail the role of the identified proteins in thymus maturation and in the specific functions of neonatal thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinze Cai
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Popow-Woźniak A, Mazur AJ, Mannherz HG, Malicka-Błaszkiewicz M, Nowak D. Cofilin overexpression affects actin cytoskeleton organization and migration of human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2012; 138:725-36. [PMID: 22790341 PMCID: PMC3470684 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-0988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic reorganization of actin cytoskeleton is regulated by a large number of actin-binding proteins. Among them, the interaction of ADF/cofilin with monomeric and filamentous actin is very important, since it severs actin filaments. It also positively influences actin treadmilling. The activity of ADF/cofilin is reversibly regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation at Ser-3, with the phosphorylated form (P-cofilin) being inactive. Here, we studied the effects of overexpression of cofilin and two cofilin variants in the human colon adenocarcinoma LS180 cell line. We have generated the LS180 cells expressing three different cofilin variants: WT (wild type), Ser 3 Ala (S3A) (constitutively active) or Ser 3 Asp (S3D) (constitutively inactive cofilin). The cells expressing WT cofilin were characterized by abundant cell spreading and colocalization of cofilin with the submembranous F-actin. Similar effects were observed in cells expressing S3A cofilin. In contrast, LS180 cells expressing S3D cofilin remained longitudinal in morphology and cofilin was equally distributed within the cell body. Furthermore, the migration ability of LS180 cells expressing different cofilin mutants was analyzed. In comparison to control cells, we have noticed a significant, approximately fourfold increase in the migration factor value of cells overexpressing WT type cofilin. The overexpression of S3D cofilin resulted in an almost complete inhibition of cell motility. The estimation of actin pool in the cytosol of LS180 cells expressing S3A cofilin has shown a significantly lower level of total actin in reference to control cells. The opposite effect was observed in LS180 cells overexpressing S3D cofilin. In summary, the results of our experiments indicate that phosphorylation "status" of cofilin is a factor affecting the actin cytoskeleton organization and migration abilities of colon adenocarcinoma LS180 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Popow-Woźniak
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Antonina Joanna Mazur
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr-University, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Hans Georg Mannherz
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr-University, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Maria Malicka-Błaszkiewicz
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Nowak
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
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Abstract
Harnessing RNA interference using small RNA-based drugs has great potential to develop drugs designed to knock down expression of any disease-causing gene, thereby greatly expanding the universe of possible drug targets. However, delivering small RNAs into specific tissues and cells is still a hurdle. Here, we review recent progress in overcoming systemic, local and cellular barriers to RNA drug delivery, focusing on strategies for targeted uptake.
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21
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Weinstein S, Peer D. RNAi nanomedicines: challenges and opportunities within the immune system. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:232001. [PMID: 20463388 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/23/232001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
RNAi, as a novel therapeutic modality, has an enormous potential to bring the era of personalized medicine one step further from notion into reality. However, delivery of RNAi effector molecules into their target tissues and cells remain extremely challenging. Major attempts have been made in recent years to develop sophisticated nanocarriers that could overcome these hurdles. This review will present the recent progress with the challenges and opportunities in this emerging field, focusing mostly on the in vivo applications with special emphasis on the strategies for RNAi delivery into immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiri Weinstein
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S Wise Faculty of Life Science, Israel
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