1
|
Schreiber T, Scharner B, Thévenod F. Insoluble HIFa protein aggregates by cadmium disrupt hypoxia-prolyl hydroxylase (PHD)-hypoxia inducible factor (HIFa) signaling in renal epithelial (NRK-52E) and interstitial (FAIK3-5) cells. Biometals 2024:10.1007/s10534-024-00631-z. [PMID: 39256317 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-024-00631-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
The kidney is the main organ that senses changes in systemic O2 pressure by hypoxia-PHD-HIFa (HPH) signaling, resulting in adaptive target gene activation, including erythropoietin (EPO). The non-essential transition metal cadmium (Cd) is nephrotoxic and disrupts the renal HPH pathway, which may promote Cd-associated chronic renal disease (CKD). A deeper molecular understanding of Cd interference with renal HPH signaling is missing, and no data with renal cell lines are available. In rat kidney NRK-52E cells, which model the proximal tubule, and murine fibroblastoid atypical interstitial kidney (FAIK3-5) cells, which mimic renal EPO-producing cells, the chemical hypoxia mimetic dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG; 1 mmol/l) or hypoxia (1% O2) activated HPH signaling. Cd2+ (2.5-20 µmol/l for ≤ 24 h) preferentially induced necrosis (trypan blue uptake) of FAIK3-5 cells at high Cd whereas NRK-52E cells specially developed apoptosis (PARP-1 cleavage) at all Cd concentrations. Cd (12.5 µmol/l) abolished HIFa stabilization and prevented upregulation of target genes (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting) induced by DMOG or hypoxia in both cell lines, which was caused by the formation of insoluble HIFa aggregates. Strikingly, hypoxic preconditioning (1% O2 for 18 h) reduced apoptosis of FAIK3-5 and NRK-52E cells at low Cd concentrations and decreased insoluble HIFa proteins. Hence, drugs mimicking hypoxic preconditioning could reduce CKD induced by chronic low Cd exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timm Schreiber
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology and ZBAF, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 12 (Thyssenhaus), 58453, Witten, Germany.
| | - Bettina Scharner
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology and ZBAF, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 12 (Thyssenhaus), 58453, Witten, Germany
| | - Frank Thévenod
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology and ZBAF, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 12 (Thyssenhaus), 58453, Witten, Germany.
- Physiology and Pathophysiology of Cells and Membranes, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 1, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee WK, Probst S, Scharner B, Deba T, Dahdouh F, Thévenod F. Distinct concentration-dependent oxidative stress profiles by cadmium in a rat kidney proximal tubule cell line. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1043-1059. [PMID: 38289529 PMCID: PMC10944451 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03677-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Levels and chemical species of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) determine oxidative eustress and distress. Abundance of uptake pathways and high oxygen consumption for ATP-dependent transport makes the renal proximal tubule particularly susceptible to cadmium (Cd2+)-induced oxidative stress by targeting ROS/RNS generation or antioxidant defence mechanisms, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) or H2O2-metabolizing catalase (CAT). Though ROS/RNS are well-evidenced, the role of distinct ROS profiles in Cd2+ concentration-dependent toxicity is not clear. In renal cells, Cd2+ (10-50 µM) oxidized dihydrorhodamine 123, reaching a maximum at 2-3 h. Increases (up to fourfold) in lipid peroxidation by TBARS assay and H2O2 by Amplex Red were evident within 30 min. ROS and loss in cell viability by MTT assay with 50 µM Cd2+ could not be fully reversed by SOD mimetics Tempol and MnTBAP nor by SOD1 overexpression, whereas CAT expression and α-tocopherol were effective. SOD and CAT activities were attenuated below controls only with >6 h 50 µM Cd2+, yet augmented by up to 1.5- and 1.2-fold, respectively, by 10 µM Cd2+. Moreover, 10 µM, but not 25-50 µM Cd2+, caused 1.7-fold increase in superoxide anion (O2•-), detected by dihydroethidium, paralled by loss in cell viability, that was abolished by Tempol, MnTBAP, α-tocopherol and SOD1 or CAT overexpression. H2O2-generating NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) was attenuated by ~50% with 10 µM Cd2+ at 3 h compared to upregulation by 50 µM Cd2+ (~1.4-fold, 30 min), which was sustained for 24 h. In summary, O2•- predominates with low-moderate Cd2+, driving an adaptive response, whereas oxidative stress by elevated H2O2 at high Cd2+ triggers cell death signaling pathways.Highlights Different levels of reactive oxygen species are generated, depending on cadmium concentration. Superoxide anion predominates and H2O2 is suppressed with low cadmium representing oxidative eustress. High cadmium fosters H2O2 by inhibiting catalase and increasing NOX4 leading to oxidative distress. Superoxide dismutase mimetics and overexpression were less effective with high versus low cadmium. Oxidative stress profile could dictate downstream signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Kee Lee
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str. 12, 58453, Witten, Germany.
- Physiology and Pathophysiology of Cells and Membranes, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 1, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Probst
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str. 12, 58453, Witten, Germany
| | - Bettina Scharner
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str. 12, 58453, Witten, Germany
| | - Timo Deba
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str. 12, 58453, Witten, Germany
- Department of General Paediatrics, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Faouzi Dahdouh
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str. 12, 58453, Witten, Germany
- Department of Natural Sciences, Higher School of Professors for Technological Education, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Frank Thévenod
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str. 12, 58453, Witten, Germany
- Physiology and Pathophysiology of Cells and Membranes, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 1, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zheng Y, Zhang D, Su L, Wen Y, Wang Y. FAM172A supervises ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress-triggered autophagy in the epidural fibrosis process. JOR Spine 2022; 5:e1203. [PMID: 35783909 PMCID: PMC9238286 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Lumbar laminectomy is usually utilized for lumbar disc herniation (LDH), but also causes epidural fibrosis (EF) process associated with abnormal proliferation of fibroblasts. FAM172A is associated with ER stress and cell proliferation, but its mechanism was unclear, especially in the process of EF. Methods Therefore, the regulation of FAM172A on the calcium flux and autophagy in fibroblasts were investigated by inducing ER stress with tunicamycin and upexpression or downexpression of FAM172A. The calcium flux was determined using Fluo-3, and autophagy was examined with immunofluorescence or western blot for LC3, Beclin-1, ATG-5, and p62. Moreover, the apoptotic protein of Bax and Bcl-2 was detected, too. Furthermore, the laminectomy model was constructed and then dealt with overexpression of FAM172A. Results Tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy process in fibroblasts were associated with the calcium flux regulated by FAM172A, especially in EF cells. Besides, tunicamycin induced autophagy and suppressed cell apoptosis of fibroblasts. Furthermore, FAM72A repressed the proliferation of fibroblasts and the process of EF in the laminectomy model through the mediation of the autophagy process. Conclusions Tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in fibroblasts was associated with calcium flux mediated by FAM172A. FAM72A participated in the autophagy regulation of fibroblasts and maybe the key interaction regulator of apoptosis and autophagy in fibroblasts, especially for epidural scar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tangdu HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Dianzhong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tangdu HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Le Su
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Fourth People's Hospital of ZiboZiboChina
| | - Yanhua Wen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tangdu HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yucai Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tangdu HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li H, Kang M, Sun S, Gao J, Jia Z, Cao X. Cloning and expressions of chop in loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) and its response to hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) stress. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:659-668. [PMID: 35396647 PMCID: PMC8993585 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
C/EBP [CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein]-homologous protein gene (chop) which plays an important role in endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis was investigated here by RACE and qPCR in an aquaculture animal for the first time. The full-length cDNA sequence of loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) chop was 2533 bp, encoding 266 amino acids. The expression level of loach chop changed during different early life stages, with the highest expression at the 8-cell stage. Among different tissues, loach chop predominantly was expressed in gill, spleen, and gonad. We performed a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, a common-used disinfectant) stress trial to explore the role of loach chop, with three different concentrations (0 μM, 50 μM, and 100 μM) of H2O2. The 100-μM dose was lethal for half the population but the other concentrations did not result in mortality. The activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in loach gill, liver, and spleen decreased with extended stress time and increased H2O2 concentration. The expression levels of gill chop in loaches from the 100-μM group were significantly higher than those from the other two treatment groups at 12 and 24 h of exposure. atf4 and bax, two proapoptotic genes, were significantly upregulated in gills of loaches from the 100-μM group compared to the other two groups 18 h and 24 h after treatment. bcl2, an antiapoptotic gene, presented an opposite trend. These results indicated a close relationship between H2O2 stress and fish apoptosis with loach chop playing an important role in H2O2 stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Minxin Kang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shouxiang Sun
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jian Gao
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhiying Jia
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, No. 42 Songfa Street, Daoli District, Harbin, 150070, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Cao
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Self-organization and surface properties of hBest1 in models of biological membranes. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 302:102619. [PMID: 35276535 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The transmembrane Ca2+ - activated Cl- channel - human bestrophin-1 (hBest1) is expressed in retinal pigment epithelium and mutations of BEST1 gene cause ocular degenerative diseases colectivelly referred to as "bestrophinopathies". A large number of genetical, biochemical, biophysical and molecular biological studies have been performed to understand the relationship between structure and function of the hBest1 protein and its pathophysiological significance. Here, we review the current understanding of hBest1 surface organization, interactions with membrane lipids in model membranes, and its association with microdomains of cellular membranes. These highlights are significant for modulation of channel activity in cells.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zinc Supplementation Enhances the Pro-Death Function of UPR in Lymphoma Cells Exposed to Radiation. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11010132. [PMID: 35053130 PMCID: PMC8773084 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary It is of fundamental importance to find strategies able to reduce the minimum doses of anticancer treatments, such as radiations, and concomitantly maintain efficient killing of cancer cells. The interconnection between ER stress and DNA repair may represent a promising approach to obtaining this goal. Here we found that pretreatment of lymphoma cells with Zinc chloride rendered these cells more sensitive to 2 Gy radiation. The exacerbation of ER stress and the activation pro-death function of UPR were among the underlying mechanisms leading to higher cytotoxicity of Zinc/radiation combination treatment. This evidence encourages the use of Zinc to reduce the doses of radiation in the treatment of lymphoma cells, allowing a high cytotoxicity to be obtained while minimizing the side effects. Abstract We have previously shown that Zinc supplementation triggered ER stress/UPR in cancer cells undergoing treatment by genotoxic agents, reactivated wtp53 in cancer cells harboring mutant p53 (mutp53) and potentiated the activity of wtp53 in those carrying wtp53. In this study, we used Zinc chloride alone or in combination with 2 Gy radiation to treat Primary Effusion Lymphoma (PEL) cells, an aggressive B-cell lymphoma associated with KSHV that harbors wt or partially functioning p53. We found that Zinc triggered a mild ER stress/UPR in these lymphoma cells and activated ERK1/2, molecule known to sustain cell survival in the course of UPR activation. In combination with radiations, Zinc triggered a stronger p53 activation that counteracted its mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, further upregulating the UPR molecule CHOP and promoting cell death. These data suggest that Zinc supplementation could be a promising strategy to reduce the doses of radiation and possibly of other DNA-damaging agents to obtain an efficient capacity to induce lymphoma cell death.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang L, Zhu H, Sun W, Liang L, Li H, Han C, Huang W, Zhao B, Peng P, Qin M, Shi L, Mo Y, Huang J. Low expression of bestrophin-2 is associated with poor prognosis in colon cancer. Gene 2021; 813:146117. [PMID: 34902511 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this research was to confirm the prognostic value of bestrophin-2 (BEST2), one of the hub genes in colon cancer, via bioinformatics analysis and validation in public databases and immunohistochemistry detection. METHODS The GEO2R online tool and Venn diagram software were utilized to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from expression profiles, including GSE20916, GSE44861 and GSE74602, from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of colon cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed through Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Verification of the significance of BEST2 in colon cancer was based on TCGA, Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) and 10 datasets from GEO. BEST2 expression was detected with immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 330 colon tissue samples on microarrays including 165 colon cancerand 165 adjacent normal tissues. For further validation, comprehensive analysis from tissue microarrays and multiple datasets was performed by the summarizing of receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves and the standard mean differences (SMDs). BEST2 expression in various kinds of colon cancer tissues and cell lines in the context of pancancer was obtained from the Expression Atlas database. The CBioPortal database was queried to identify BEST2 gene alterations and mutation status in colon cancer. Correlated genes (CEGs) with BEST2 and DEGs from public database data were assembled for functional and pathway enrichment analysis. RESULTS We identified 85 DEGs from the three datasets and screened out BEST2 as a prognostic predictor via the TCGA database. Colon cancer patients with high expression of BEST2 had better survival than patients with low BEST2 (HR = 0.5, P = 0.006) as shown in Kaplan-Meier survival curves in GEPIA. In all, 1463 colon cancer tissues and 1023 colon normal tissues were gathered via public databases as well as in-house tissue microarrays. The comprehensiveexpression analysis suggested low-expression of BEST2 in colon cancer (SMD = -2.48, 95% CI [-3.15- -1.80]) and the notable efficacy of BEST2 expression in differentiating colon cancer from noncancer samples (AUC = 0.97). Gene alteration status of BEST2 occurred in 5% of colon cancer cases, mostly missense mutations and deep deletions. Genes positively correlated with BEST2 and DEGs primarily aggregated in pathways such as anion absorption, digestive juice secretion, cAMP signaling and so on (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Ampleevidencesupportsthe role of BEST2 in distinguishing colon cancer from normal tissues in this research. Low expression of BEST2 is correlated with a shorter OS, which implies that BEST2 can be employed as a potential biomarker and therapeutictarget in colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 166 Daxuedong Road, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Huawei Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 166 Daxuedong Road, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Weiliang Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 166 Daxuedong Road, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 166 Daxuedong Road, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 166 Daxuedong Road, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chenglong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 166 Daxuedong Road, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wenfeng Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 166 Daxuedong Road, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Bi Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 166 Daxuedong Road, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 166 Daxuedong Road, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Mengbin Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 166 Daxuedong Road, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ling Shi
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 166 Daxuedong Road, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yueqing Mo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 166 Daxuedong Road, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jiean Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 166 Daxuedong Road, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Owji AP, Kittredge A, Zhang Y, Yang T. Structure and Function of the Bestrophin family of calcium-activated chloride channels. Channels (Austin) 2021; 15:604-623. [PMID: 34612806 PMCID: PMC8496536 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2021.1981625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bestrophins are a family of calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) with relevance to human physiology and a myriad of eye diseases termed "bestrophinopathies". Since the identification of bestrophins as CaCCs nearly two decades ago, extensive studies from electrophysiological and structural biology perspectives have sought to define their key channel features including calcium sensing, gating, inactivation, and anion selectivity. The initial X-ray crystallography studies on the prokaryotic homolog of Best1, Klebsiella pneumoniae (KpBest), and the Best1 homolog from Gallus gallus (chicken Best1, cBest1), laid the foundational groundwork for establishing the architecture of Best1. Recent progress utilizing single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy has further elucidated the molecular mechanism of gating in cBest1 and, separately, the structure of Best2 from Bos taurus (bovine Best2, bBest2). Meanwhile, whole-cell patch clamp, planar lipid bilayer, and other electrophysiologic analyses using these models as well as the human Best1 (hBest1) have provided ample evidence describing the functional properties of the bestrophin channels. This review seeks to consolidate these structural and functional results to paint a broad picture of the underlying mechanisms comprising the bestrophin family's structure-function relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron P Owji
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Alec Kittredge
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cao Q, Xu D, Chen Y, Long Y, Dai F, Gui L, Lu Y. Sitagliptin Reduces Endothelial Dysfunction and Apoptosis Induced by High-Fat Diet and Palmitate in Thoracic Aortas and Endothelial Cells via ROS-ER Stress-CHOP Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:670389. [PMID: 34531738 PMCID: PMC8438525 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.670389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrovascular disease is tightly associated with obesity-induced metabolic syndrome. Sitagliptin (SIT), an orally stable selective inhibitor of Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), has protective effects on endothelium. However, the mechanisms enabling SIT to exhibit resistance to diet-induced obesity (DIO) related with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the aorta and endothelial cells have not been reported yet. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine if SIT exerts protective role in the thoracic aortas isolated from the high-fat diet (HFD)-treated rats and palmitate (PA)-treated endothelial cells by alleviating ROS and ER stress. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into standard chow diet (SCD), HFD and HFD plus sitagliptin administration (HFD + SIT) groups. The rats of latter two groups were given HFD fodder for 12 weeks, then the HFD + SIT rats were treated with SIT (10 mg/kg/d) by intragastric administration for another 8 weeks. The body mass, vascular tension, serum oxidative stress indices and inflammatory parameters, pathological changes, protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), the genes associated with ER stress and apoptosis in the thoracic aorta were measured. Furthermore, cell proliferation, ROS and the protein expression associated with ER stress (especially CHOP) and apoptosis were assessed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) incubated with SIT and PA. Compared to the SCD rats, the HFD rats had higher serum lipid levels, decreased vascular tension, increased inflammation, oxidative and ER stress, and apoptosis of endothelial cells. PA promoted ROS generation, ER stress and apoptosis, inhibited cell proliferation in HUVECs. SIT treatment obviously ameliorated apoptosis via alleviating ROS and ER stress in the thoracic aortas isolated from HFD-fed rats and PA-treated HUVECs. The results suggest that SIT improved endothelial function via promoting cell proliferation and alleviating ROS-ER stress-CHOP pathway both in vivo and in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiongqiong Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hefei, China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Hefei Lifeon Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hefei, China
| | - Yueming Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Gui
- The Comprehensive Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yunxia Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hefei, China.,The Comprehensive Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li JR, Ou YC, Wu CC, Wang JD, Lin SY, Wang YY, Chen WY, Liao SL, Chen CJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy contributed to cadmium nephrotoxicity in HK-2 cells and Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111828. [PMID: 33127495 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of cadmium is known to cause nephrotoxicity by targeting renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Studies showed an essential role of autophagy in cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity; however, its underlying mechanisms accompanied by autophagy are incompletely understood. Using an HK-2 human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line as a study model, sustained exposure of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) was shown to cause cell viability loss, which was alleviated by inhibitors of autophagy but not apoptosis. Data from molecular and biochemical studies revealed an induction of autophagy proteins, intracellular acidic vesicles, and autophagic flux in CdCl2-treated cells. However, there was little sign of apoptosis-related changes. Pharmacological and genetic studies indicated an elevation of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress, Forkhead Box Class O (FoxO3a), Bcl-2 Interacting Protein 3 (Bnip3), and Beclin1, as well as their involvement in cadmium-induced autophagy and autophagic cell death. Renal injury, histological changes, and molecular marker of ER stress, FoxO3a, Bnip3, and autophagy were observed in the kidney cortex of CdCl2-exposed Sprague-Dawley rats. These observations indicate that ER stress, FoxO3a, Bnip3, and autophagy signaling were actively involved in cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity. Additionally, FoxO3a may act as a linking molecule to convey ER stress signals to Bnip3 and autophagy machinery upon cadmium exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ri Li
- Division of Urology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, HungKuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chuan Ou
- Department of Urology, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Financial Engineering, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Data Science and Big Data Analytics, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiaan-Der Wang
- Children's Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yu Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Su-Lan Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cell organelles as targets of mammalian cadmium toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1017-1049. [PMID: 32206829 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ever increasing environmental presence of cadmium as a consequence of industrial activities is considered a health hazard and is closely linked to deteriorating global health status. General animal and human cadmium exposure ranges from ingestion of foodstuffs sourced from heavily polluted hotspots and cigarette smoke to widespread contamination of air and water, including cadmium-containing microplastics found in household water. Cadmium is promiscuous in its effects and exerts numerous cellular perturbations based on direct interactions with macromolecules and its capacity to mimic or displace essential physiological ions, such as iron and zinc. Cell organelles use lipid membranes to form complex tightly-regulated, compartmentalized networks with specialized functions, which are fundamental to life. Interorganellar communication is crucial for orchestrating correct cell behavior, such as adaptive stress responses, and can be mediated by the release of signaling molecules, exchange of organelle contents, mechanical force generated through organelle shape changes or direct membrane contact sites. In this review, cadmium effects on organellar structure and function will be critically discussed with particular consideration to disruption of organelle physiology in vertebrates.
Collapse
|
12
|
Golubinskaya V, Vontell R, Supramaniam V, Wyatt-Ashmead J, Gustafsson H, Mallard C, Nilsson H. Bestrophin-3 Expression in a Subpopulation of Astrocytes in the Neonatal Brain After Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury. Front Physiol 2019; 10:23. [PMID: 30761013 PMCID: PMC6362097 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bestrophin-3, a potential candidate for a calcium-activated chloride channel, recently was suggested to have cell-protective functions. We studied the expression and alternative splicing of bestrophin-3 in neonatal mouse brain and after hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury and in human neonatal brain samples. HI brain injury was induced in 9-day old mice by unilateral permanent common carotid artery occlusion in combination with exposure to 10% oxygen for 50 min. Endoplasmic reticulum stress was induced by thapsigargin treatment in primary culture of mouse brain astrocytes. We also investigated expression of bestrophin-3 protein in a sample of human neonatal brain tissue. Bestrophin-3 protein expression was detected with immunohistochemical methods and western blot; mRNA expression and splicing were analyzed by RT-PCR. HI induced a brain tissue infarct and a pronounced increase in the endoplasmic reticulum-associated marker CHOP. Three days after HI a population of astrocytes co-expressed bestrophin-3 and nestin in a penumbra-like area of the injured hemisphere. However, total levels of Bestrophin-3 protein in mouse cortex were reduced after injury. Mouse astrocytes in primary culture also expressed bestrophin-3 protein, the amount of which was reduced by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Bestrophin-3 protein was detected in astrocytes in the hippocampal region of the human neonatal brain which had patchy white matter gliosis and neuronal loss in the Sommer’s sector of the Ammon’s horn (CA1). Analysis of bestrophin-3 mRNA in mouse brain with and without injury showed the presence of two truncated spliced variants, but no full-length mRNA. Total amount of bestrophin-3 mRNA increased after HI, but showed only minor injury-related change. However, the splice variants of bestrophin-3 mRNA were differentially regulated after HI depending on the presence of tissue injury. Our results show that bestrophin-3 is expressed in neonatal mouse brain after injury and in the human neonatal brain with pathology. In mouse brain bestrophin-3 protein is upregulated in a specific astrocyte population after injury and is co-expressed with nestin. Splice variants of bestrophin-3 mRNA respond differently to HI, which might indicate their different roles in tissue injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Golubinskaya
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Regina Vontell
- Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Veena Supramaniam
- Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine Wyatt-Ashmead
- Wigglesworth Perinatal-Padiatric Pathology Service, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Gustafsson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Holger Nilsson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang X, Zhang G, Zhu C, Lin L, Zhao Z, Yu X, Liu G, Zhang H, Li Q, Dong W, Wang J. Vitamin C Prevents Hydrocortisone-Induced Injury in HMEC-1 through Promoting Bestrophin-3 Expression. Nutr Cancer 2019; 71:852-860. [PMID: 30672332 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1539184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of Vitamin C (VC) on hydrocortisone (HC)-induced cell injury in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC). METHODS Cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay and the expression of Best-3 was detected by Western blotting assay. The experiment was divided into normal control, HC injury group, VC treatment groups, HC + Best-3 siRNA group, HC + VC + Best-3 siRNA group, HC + pcDNA3.1 Best-3 group, and HC + VC + pcDNA3.1 Best-3 group. RESULTS HC inhibited HMEC-1 cell viability was balanced with lower expression of Best-3 in a dose-dependent manner. Conversely, VC promoted HMEC-1 cell viability was paralleled to higher expression of Best-3 in a dose-dependent manner. Silencing Best-3 with Best-3 siRNA inhibited HMEC-1 cell viability, however, over-expression of Best-3 with pcDNA3.1 Best-3 promoted HMEC-1 cell viability. Moreover, VC and over-expression of Best-3 prevented HC-induced HMEC-1 cell apoptosis; however, silencing Best-3 further enhanced HC-induced HMEC-1 cell apoptosis. HC reduced Best-3 expression, which was alleviated by VC treatment. HC treatment decreased Bcl-2 expression, facilitated Bax expression. Both of VC and over-expression of Best-3 promoted Bcl-2 expression and decreased Bax expression. Additionally, VC and Best-3 expression have a synergistic effect. CONCLUSIONS VC can efficiently attenuate HC-induced HMEC-1 cell injury, which may be related to promote Best-3 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuexin Wang
- a Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Yuhuangding Hospital , Yantai , PR China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- b Department of Orthopedics , The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , PR China
| | - Chaohua Zhu
- b Department of Orthopedics , The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , PR China
| | - Lei Lin
- b Department of Orthopedics , The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , PR China
| | - Zhenshuan Zhao
- b Department of Orthopedics , The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , PR China
| | - Xiaoguang Yu
- b Department of Orthopedics , The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , PR China
| | - Guobin Liu
- b Department of Orthopedics , The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , PR China
| | - Haijing Zhang
- b Department of Orthopedics , The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , PR China
| | - Quanhai Li
- c Department of Cell Therapy Center , The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , PR China
| | - Wei Dong
- b Department of Orthopedics , The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- b Department of Orthopedics , The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , PR China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Betten R, Scharner B, Probst S, Edemir B, Wolff NA, Langelueddecke C, Lee WK, Thévenod F. Tonicity inversely modulates lipocalin-2 (Lcn2/24p3/NGAL) receptor (SLC22A17) and Lcn2 expression via Wnt/β-catenin signaling in renal inner medullary collecting duct cells: implications for cell fate and bacterial infection. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:74. [PMID: 30404645 PMCID: PMC6223074 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously evidenced apical expression of the 24p3/NGAL/lipocalin-2 receptor (Lcn2-R; SLC22A17) in inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells, which are present in vivo in a hyperosmotic/-tonic environment that activates canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The localization of Lcn2-R in the inner medulla is intriguing considering local bacterial infections trigger toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4)-mediated secretion of the bacteriostatic Fe3+-free (apo-)Lcn2. Aim To determine the effects of osmolarity/tonicity changes, Wnt/β-catenin and TLR-4 activation on Lcn2-R and Lcn2 expression and cell viability in rat primary IMCD and mouse (m)IMCD3 cells. Methods Normosmolarity/-tonicity was 300 mosmol/l whereas hyperosmolarity/-tonicity was induced by adding 100 mmol/l NaCl + 100 mmol/l urea (600 mosmol/l, 1-7 days). Lcn2-R and Lcn2 expression were determined by qPCR, immunoblotting, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. β-catenin was silenced by RNAi. Cell viability/death was determined with MTT and LDH release assays. TLR-4 was activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Results Hyperosmotic/-tonic media upregulated Lcn2-R by ~4-fold and decreased Lcn2 expression/secretion, along with Wnt/β-catenin activation, in IMCD cells. These effects of hyperosmotic/-tonic media on Lcn2-R/Lcn2 expression were reverted by normosmolarity/-tonicity, β-catenin silencing and/or LPS. Exposure of cells with endogenous or stably overexpressing Lcn2-R to apo-Lcn2 or LPS decreased cell viability. Conclusions Lcn2-R upregulation and Lcn2 downregulation via Wnt/β-catenin may promote adaptive osmotolerant survival of IMCD cells in response to hyperosmolarity/-tonicity whereas Lcn2 upregulation and Lcn2-R downregulation via TLR-4 and/or normosmolarity/-tonicity may protect IMCD cells against bacterial infections and prevent autocrine death induction by Lcn2. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-018-0285-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Betten
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology & Toxicology and ZBAF (Centre for Biomedical Education and Research), Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 12 (Thyssenhaus), D-58453, Witten, Germany
| | - B Scharner
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology & Toxicology and ZBAF (Centre for Biomedical Education and Research), Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 12 (Thyssenhaus), D-58453, Witten, Germany
| | - S Probst
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology & Toxicology and ZBAF (Centre for Biomedical Education and Research), Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 12 (Thyssenhaus), D-58453, Witten, Germany
| | - B Edemir
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - N A Wolff
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology & Toxicology and ZBAF (Centre for Biomedical Education and Research), Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 12 (Thyssenhaus), D-58453, Witten, Germany
| | - C Langelueddecke
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology & Toxicology and ZBAF (Centre for Biomedical Education and Research), Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 12 (Thyssenhaus), D-58453, Witten, Germany
| | - W-K Lee
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology & Toxicology and ZBAF (Centre for Biomedical Education and Research), Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 12 (Thyssenhaus), D-58453, Witten, Germany
| | - F Thévenod
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology & Toxicology and ZBAF (Centre for Biomedical Education and Research), Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 12 (Thyssenhaus), D-58453, Witten, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lu Y, Chen Y, Li R, Liu Q, Wang N, Zhang Y, Li B, Fang Z. Protective effects of Danzhi jiangtang capsule on vascular endothelial damages induced by high-fat diet and palmitic acid. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1631-1640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
16
|
ERK1/2 MAPK promotes autophagy to suppress ER stress-mediated apoptosis induced by cadmium in rat proximal tubular cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 52:60-69. [PMID: 29870746 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal and its toxic mechanism is not entirely clear. The goal of the present study was to investigate the toxic mechanism of Cd on rPT cells, and to elucidate the role of ERK1/2 signaling pathway in mediating the relationship between apoptosis and autophagy. We evaluated the cell morphology, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis rates, and the expression of related proteins. We observed that increased Cd concentration disrupted cell morphology, increased apoptosis and induced autophagy. Additionally, activation of JNK1/2 and p38 MAPK promoted apoptosis, while activation of ERK1/2 inhibited apoptosis. Upon inhibition of autophagy, apoptosis rate and the expression of ER proteins related to the apoptosis were increased. Following inhibition of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, the number of LC3 aggregates, the rate of LC3II/LC3I and the expression of Beclin-1were decreased, but the expression level of ER proteins related to apoptosis were increased. Our results indicated that Cd exposure damages cells also induces apoptosis and autophagy, meanwhile demonstrate that the ERK1/2 signaling pathway plays an important role in this process. Besides, these data suggest that autophagy can inhibit Cd-induced apoptosis and the ERK1/2 signaling pathway can suppress ER stress-mediated apoptosis by activating autophagy.
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee WK, Probst S, Santoyo-Sánchez MP, Al-Hamdani W, Diebels I, von Sivers JK, Kerek E, Prenner EJ, Thévenod F. Initial autophagic protection switches to disruption of autophagic flux by lysosomal instability during cadmium stress accrual in renal NRK-52E cells. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3225-3245. [PMID: 28321485 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1942-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The renal proximal tubule (PT) is the major target of cadmium (Cd2+) toxicity where Cd2+ causes stress and apoptosis. Autophagy is induced by cell stress, e.g., endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and may contribute to cell survival or death. The role of autophagy in Cd2+-induced nephrotoxicity remains unsettled due to contradictory results and lack of evidence for autophagic machinery damage by Cd2+. Cd2+-induced autophagy in rat kidney PT cell line NRK-52E and its role in cell death was investigated. Increased LC3-II and decreased p62 as autophagy markers indicate rapid induction of autophagic flux by Cd2+ (5-10 µM) after 1 h, accompanied by ER stress (increased p-PERK, p-eIF2α, CHOP). Cd2+ exposure exceeding 3 h results in p62/LC3-II accumulation, but diminished effect of lysosomal inhibitors (bafilomycin A1, pepstatin A +E-64d) on p62/LC3-II levels, indicating decreased autophagic flux and cargo degradation. At 24 h exposure, Cd2+ (5-25 µM) activates intrinsic apoptotic pathways (Bax/Bcl-2, PARP-1), which is not evident earlier (≤6 h) although cell viability by MTT assay is decreased. Autophagy inducer rapamycin (100 nM) does not overcome autophagy inhibition or Cd2+-induced cell viability loss. The autophagosome-lysosome fusion inhibitor liensinine (5 μM) increases CHOP and Bax/Bcl-2-dependent apoptosis by low Cd2+ stress, but not by high Cd2+. Lysosomal instability by Cd2+ (5 μM; 6 h) is indicated by increases in cellular sphingomyelin and membrane fluidity and decreases in cathepsins and LAMP1. The data suggest dual and temporal impact of Cd2+ on autophagy: Low Cd2+ stress rapidly activates autophagy counteracting damage but Cd2+ stress accrual disrupts autophagic flux and lysosomal stability, possibly resulting in lysosomal cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W-K Lee
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
| | - S Probst
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - M P Santoyo-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
- Department of Toxicology, Cinvestav-IPN, México D.F., Mexico
| | - W Al-Hamdani
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - I Diebels
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - J-K von Sivers
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - E Kerek
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - E J Prenner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - F Thévenod
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liang P, Zhong L, Gong L, Wang J, Zhu Y, Liu W, Yang J. Fibroblast growth factor 21 protects rat cardiomyocytes from endoplasmic reticulum stress by promoting the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1-extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1477-1485. [PMID: 28949374 PMCID: PMC5627875 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), as an endocrine factor, is secreted into circulation by injured cardiomyocytes. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis has been proposed as an important pathophysiological mechanism for cardiomyocyte injury. However, whether the enhanced expression of FGF21 in cardiomyocytes is linked to ER stress, and the effect and underlying mechanism of FGF21 on ER stress-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis remain unclear. In the present study, it was demonstrated that mild ER stress resulted in upregulated expression levels of FGF21 and its main receptors, as a response to cell compensation, at the induction of ≤5 µM tunicamycin (TM). However, excessive ER stress (TM ≥10 µM) activated the ER stress-mediated apoptosis signaling pathways, including PKR-like ER kinase (PERK)-eukaryotic translational initiation factor 2α (eIF2α)-activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-CCAAT/-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and inositol-requiring kinase 1α (IRE1α)-c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), as well as inhibited the expression of FGF21 and its primary receptors. In addition, FGF21 overexpression provided protection against ER stress-induced cardiomyocyte injury, as evidenced by increased cell viability and reduced apoptosis. These changes were associated with the inhibition of ER stress-mediated apoptosis signaling pathways, as well as increased phosphorylation of FGFR1 and ERK1/2. However, the protective effects of overexpressed FGF21 were abolished following treatment with FGFR1 and ERK1/2 inhibitors. Thus, mild ER stress may induce the expression of FGF21 and its primary receptors in cardiomyocytes. FGF21 inhibits ER stress-induced cardiomyocyte injury as least in part via the FGFR1-ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Gong
- Biochip Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Central Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fu B, Zhao J, Peng W, Wu H, Zhang Y. Resveratrol rescues cadmium-induced mitochondrial injury by enhancing transcriptional regulation of PGC-1α and SOD2 via the Sirt3/FoxO3a pathway in TCMK-1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:198-204. [PMID: 28286268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol has been reported to ameliorate Cd-induced nephrotoxicity. However, the beneficial effects of resveratrol on Cd-induced nephrotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms of this protection remain unclear. Here, we showed that mouse renal tubular epithelial (TCMK-1) cells exposed to Cd experienced significantly increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) production, as well as decreased mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Cd exposure dramatically decreased Sirt3 protein expression and activity and promoted the acetylation of forkhead box O3 (FoxO3a). Moreover, Cd exposure led to a decreased binding affinity of FoxO3a to the promoters of both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), powerful and broad regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and mROS metabolism. Meanwhile, resveratrol remarkably reduced mROS generation by promoting Sirt3 enrichment within the mitochondria and subsequent upregulation of FoxO3a-mediated mitochondria gene expression of PGC-1α and SOD2. Importantly, mechanistic study revealed that ERK1/2 activation was associated with increased apoptosis induced by Cd, resveratrol suppressed Cd-induced apoptosis in mice kidney. Taken together, our data suggest a novel mechanism of action for resveratrol-attenuated Cd-induced cellular damage, which, in part, was mediated through the activation of the Sirt3/FoxO3a signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Johnson AA, Guziewicz KE, Lee CJ, Kalathur RC, Pulido JS, Marmorstein LY, Marmorstein AD. Bestrophin 1 and retinal disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 58:45-69. [PMID: 28153808 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene BEST1 are causally associated with as many as five clinically distinct retinal degenerative diseases, which are collectively referred to as the "bestrophinopathies". These five associated diseases are: Best vitelliform macular dystrophy, autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy, adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy, autosomal dominant vitreoretinochoroidopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa. The most common of these is Best vitelliform macular dystrophy. Bestrophin 1 (Best1), the protein encoded by the gene BEST1, has been the subject of a great deal of research since it was first identified nearly two decades ago. Today we know that Best1 functions as both a pentameric anion channel and a regulator of intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Best1 is an integral membrane protein which, within the eye, is uniquely expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium where it predominantly localizes to the basolateral plasma membrane. Within the brain, Best1 expression has been documented in both glial cells and astrocytes where it functions in both tonic GABA release and glutamate transport. The crystal structure of Best1 has revealed critical information about how Best1 functions as an ion channel and how Ca2+ regulates that function. Studies using animal models have led to critical insights into the physiological roles of Best1 and advances in stem cell technology have allowed for the development of patient-derived, "disease in a dish" models. In this article we review our knowledge of Best1 and discuss prospects for near-term clinical trials to test therapies for the bestrophinopathies, a currently incurable and untreatable set of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adiv A Johnson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Nikon Instruments, Melville, NY, USA
| | - Karina E Guziewicz
- Department of Clinical Studies-Philadelphia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Neuroscience and Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ravi C Kalathur
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose S Pulido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gu C, Li H, Wang C, Song X, Ding Y, Zheng M, Liu W, Chen Y, Zhang X, Wang L. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells decrease CHOP expression and neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury. Neurosci Lett 2017; 636:282-289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
22
|
Liu L, Yang B, Cheng Y, Lin H. Ameliorative Effects of Selenium on Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Chicken Kidney. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 167:308-19. [PMID: 25805271 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The harmful influences of dietary cadmium (Cd) on the chicken kidney and the protective role of selenium (Se) against Cd-induced nephrotoxicity in the chicken are relatively unexplored subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorative role of Se on the effects of Cd-induced oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis in chicken kidneys. For this study, 100-day-old chickens received Se (as 10 mg Na2SeO3/kg dry weight of diet), Cd (as 150 mg CdCl2/kg dry weight of diet), or Cd + Se in their diets for 60 days. Then, the histopathological changes, Cd and Se contents, levels of oxidative stress, inducible nitric oxide synthase-nitric oxide (iNOS-NO) system activity, levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, results of the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay of apoptosis, and expression levels of Bcl-2 and caspase 3 in the kidney were examined. The results showed that Cd exposure caused histopathological and ultrastructural damage and apoptosis of the kidneys. Cd administration significantly increased the accumulation of Cd, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, NO production, iNOS activity, iNOS expression levels, expression levels of ER stress-related genes (GRP78, GRP94, ATF4, ATF6, and IRE) and the pro-apoptosis gene caspase 3, and the rate of apoptosis. Cd administration markedly decreased the Se content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and anti-apoptosis gene Bcl-2 expression levels. Co-treatment with Se and Cd obviously reduced the accumulation of Cd, Cd-induced histopathological and ultrastructural changes, oxidative stress, iNOS-NO system activity, ER stress, caspase 3 expression levels, and the rate of apoptosis in the kidneys. These results suggested that Cd exposure caused renal injury and that Se ameliorated Cd-induced nephrotoxicity in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bao J, Huang B, Zou L, Chen S, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Chen M, Wan JB, Su H, Wang Y, He C. Hormetic Effect of Berberine Attenuates the Anticancer Activity of Chemotherapeutic Agents. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139298. [PMID: 26421434 PMCID: PMC4589364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormesis is a phenomenon of biphasic dose response characterized by exhibiting stimulatory or beneficial effects at low doses and inhibitory or toxic effects at high doses. Increasing numbers of chemicals of various types have been shown to induce apparent hormetic effect on cancer cells. However, the underlying significance and mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Berberine, one of the major active components of Rhizoma coptidis, has been manifested with notable anticancer activities. This study aims to investigate the hormetic effect of berberine and its influence on the anticancer activities of chemotherapeutic agents. Our results demonstrated that berberine at low dose range (1.25 ~ 5 μM) promoted cell proliferation to 112% ~170% of the untreated control in various cancer cells, while berberine at high dose rage (10 ~ 80 μM) inhibited cell proliferation. Further, we observed that co-treatment with low dose berberine could significantly attenuate the anticancer activity of chemotherapeutic agents, including fluorouracil (5-FU), camptothecin (CPT), and paclitaxel (TAX). The hormetic effect and thereby the attenuated anticancer activity of chemotherapeutic drugs by berberine may attributable to the activated protective stress response in cancer cells triggered by berberine, as evidenced by up-regulated MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. These results provided important information to understand the potential side effects of hormesis, and suggested cautious application of natural compounds and relevant herbs in adjuvant treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaolin Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Borong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Lidi Zou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Golubinskaya V, Elvin J, Ebefors K, Gustafsson H, Mallard C, Nyström J, Nilsson H. Bestrophin-3 is differently expressed in normal and injured mouse glomerular podocytes. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 214:481-96. [PMID: 25912364 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Bestrophins are putative calcium-activated chloride channels. Recently, cell-protective functions for Bestrophin-3 (Best3) were proposed. Best3 exists in different splice variants. We have here examined expression, alternative splicing and localization of Best3 in mouse podocytes under normal conditions and during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. METHODS Best3 expression was determined on the mRNA level using quantitative PCR and on the protein level by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS Staining for Best3 was pronounced in glomeruli and was detected in cultured mouse podocytes. Best3 did not co-localize with markers for endothelial cells (CD31), podocyte foot processes (synaptopodin) or microtubules (actin). However, immunogold-based electron microscopy and co-localization with nestin showed Best3 presence in podocyte primary processes and cell bodies. Only two splice variants of Best3 mRNA (both lacking exons 2 and 3, and one also lacking exon 6), but no full-length variant, were detected. ER stress induced by lipopolysaccharides in vivo transiently elevated mRNA levels of total Best3 and its two splice variants with different time courses. In cultured podocytes under ER stress induced by thapsigargin, the expression of total Best3, its splice variants and nestin transiently increased with similar time courses. The ER stress marker C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and nestin mRNA increased during ER stress in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Best3 is localized intracellularly in cell bodies and primary processes of mouse podocytes and is co-localized with nestin. Two splice variants of Best3 are expressed in glomeruli and in cultured podocytes, and their expression is differentially regulated in ER stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Golubinskaya
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - J. Elvin
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Institute of Medicine; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - K. Ebefors
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - H. Gustafsson
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - C. Mallard
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - J. Nyström
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - H. Nilsson
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Svenningsen P. Stressed podocytes - Bestrophin-3 is not just Bestrophin-3. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 214:430-1. [PMID: 26052975 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Svenningsen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dam VS, Boedtkjer DMB, Aalkjaer C, Matchkov V. The bestrophin- and TMEM16A-associated Ca(2+)- activated Cl(–) channels in vascular smooth muscles. Channels (Austin) 2015; 8:361-9. [PMID: 25478625 PMCID: PMC4203738 DOI: 10.4161/chan.29531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of Ca2+-activated Cl– currents (ICl(Ca)) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is well established. ICl(Ca) are supposedly important for arterial contraction by linking changes in [Ca2+]i and membrane depolarization. Bestrophins and some members of the TMEM16 protein family were recently associated with ICl(Ca). Two distinct ICl(Ca) are characterized in VSMCs; the cGMP-dependent ICl(Ca) dependent upon bestrophin expression and the ‘classical’ Ca2+-activated Cl– current, which is bestrophin-independent. Interestingly, TMEM16A is essential for both the cGMP-dependent and the classical ICl(Ca). Furthermore, TMEM16A has a role in arterial contraction while bestrophins do not. TMEM16A’s role in the contractile response cannot be explained however only by a simple suppression of the depolarization by Cl– channels. It is suggested that TMEM16A expression modulates voltage-gated Ca2+ influx in a voltage-independent manner and recent studies also demonstrate a complex role of TMEM16A in modulating other membrane proteins.
Collapse
|
27
|
Mijušković A, Kokić AN, Dušić ZO, Slavić M, Spasić MB, Blagojević D. Chloride channels mediate sodium sulphide-induced relaxation in rat uteri. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:3671-86. [PMID: 25857480 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hydrogen sulphide reduces uterine contractility and is of potential interest as a treatment for uterine disorders. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of sodium sulphide (Na2 S)-induced relaxation of rat uterus, investigate the importance of redox effects and ion channel-mediated mechanisms, and any interactions between these two mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Organ bath studies were employed to assess the pharmacological effects of Na2 S in uterine strips by exposing them to Na2 S with or without Cl(-) channel blockers (DIDS, NFA, IAA-94, T16Ainh-A01, TA), raised KCl (15 and 75 mM), K(+) channel inhibitors (glibenclamide, TEA, 4-AP), L-type Ca(2+) channel activator (S-Bay K 8644), propranolol and methylene blue. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were measured in homogenates of treated uteri. The expression of bestrophin channel 1 (BEST-1) was determined by Western blotting and RT-PCR. KEY RESULTS Na2 S caused concentration-dependent reversible relaxation of spontaneously active and calcium-treated uteri, affecting both amplitude and frequency of contractions. Uteri exposed to 75 mM KCl were less sensitive to Na2 S compared with uteri in 15 mM KCl. Na2 S-induced relaxations were abolished by DIDS, but unaffected by other modulators or by the absence of extracellular HCO3 (-) , suggesting the involvement of chloride ion channels. Na2 S in combination with different modulators provoked specific changes in the anti-oxidant profiles of uteri. The expression of BEST-1, both mRNA and protein, was demonstrated in rat uteri. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The relaxant effects of Na2 S in rat uteri are mediated mainly via a DIDS-sensitive Cl(-) -pathway. Components of the relaxation are redox- and Ca(2+) -dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mijušković
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Nikolić Kokić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorana Oreščanin Dušić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Slavić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihajlo B Spasić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Duško Blagojević
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Thévenod F, Lee WK. Live and Let Die: Roles of Autophagy in Cadmium Nephrotoxicity. TOXICS 2015; 3:130-151. [PMID: 29056654 PMCID: PMC5634690 DOI: 10.3390/toxics3020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The transition metal ion cadmium (Cd2+) is a significant environmental contaminant. With a biological half-life of ~20 years, Cd2+ accumulates in the kidney cortex, where it particularly damages proximal tubule (PT) cells and can result in renal fibrosis, failure, or cancer. Because death represents a powerful means by which cells avoid malignant transformation, it is crucial to clearly identify and understand the pathways that determine cell fate in chronic Cd2+ nephrotoxicity. When cells are subjected to stress, they make a decision to adapt and survive, or—depending on the magnitude and duration of stress—to die by several modes of death (programmed cell death), including autophagic cell death (ACD). Autophagy is part of a larger system of intracellular protein degradation and represents the channel by which organelles and long-lived proteins are delivered to the lysosome for degradation. Basal autophagy levels in all eukaryotic cells serve as a dynamic physiological recycling system, but they can also be induced by intra- or extracellular stress and pathological processes, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In a context-dependent manner, autophagy can either be protective and hence contribute to survival, or promote death by non-apoptotic or apoptotic pathways. So far, the role of autophagy in Cd2+-induced nephrotoxicity has remained unsettled due to contradictory results. In this review, we critically survey the current literature on autophagy in Cd2+-induced nephrotoxicity in light of our own ongoing studies. Data obtained in kidney cells illustrate a dual and complex function of autophagy in a stimulus- and time-dependent manner that possibly reflects distinct outcomes in vitro and in vivo. A better understanding of the context-specific regulation of cell fate by autophagy may ultimately contribute to the development of preventive and novel therapeutic strategies for acute and chronic Cd2+ nephrotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Thévenod
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology & Toxicology, Center for Biomedical Training and Research (ZBAF), Stockumer Str. 12, University of Witten/Herdecke, 58453 Witten, Germany.
| | - Wing-Kee Lee
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology & Toxicology, Center for Biomedical Training and Research (ZBAF), Stockumer Str. 12, University of Witten/Herdecke, 58453 Witten, Germany.
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY 10021, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tiwari RV, Parajuli P, Sylvester PW. γ-Tocotrienol-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy act concurrently to promote breast cancer cell death. Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 93:306-20. [PMID: 25844964 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer effects of γ-tocotrienol are associated with the induction of autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis, but a direct relationship between these events has not been established. Treatment with 40 μmol/L of γ-tocotrienol caused a time-dependent decrease in cancer cell viability that corresponds to a concurrent increase in autophagic and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. γ-Tocotrienol treatment was found to cause a time-dependent increase in early phase (Beclin-1, LC3B-II) and late phase (LAMP-1 and cathepsin-D) autophagy markers, and pretreatment with autophagy inhibitors Beclin-1 siRNA, 3-MA or Baf1 blocked these effects. Furthermore, blockage of γ-tocotrienol-induced autophagy with Beclin-1 siRNA, 3-MA, or Baf1 induced a modest, but significant, reduction in γ-tocotrienol-induced cytotoxicity. γ-Tocotrienol treatment was also found to cause a decrease in mitogenic Erk1/2 signaling, an increase in stress-dependent p38 and JNK1/2 signaling, as well as an increase in ER stress apoptotic markers, including phospho-PERK, phospho-eIF2α, Bip, IRE1α, ATF-4, CHOP, and TRB3. In summary, these finding demonstrate that γ-tocotrienol-induced ER stress and autophagy occur concurrently, and together act to promote human breast cancer cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshan V Tiwari
- School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Avenue, Monroe LA 71209, USA.,School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Avenue, Monroe LA 71209, USA
| | - Parash Parajuli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Avenue, Monroe LA 71209, USA.,School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Avenue, Monroe LA 71209, USA
| | - Paul W Sylvester
- School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Avenue, Monroe LA 71209, USA.,School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Avenue, Monroe LA 71209, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rapamycin: a therapy of choice for endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced renal proximal tubule toxicity? Toxicology 2015; 330:41-3. [PMID: 25668123 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
31
|
Bulley S, Jaggar JH. Cl⁻ channels in smooth muscle cells. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:861-72. [PMID: 24077695 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1357-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In smooth muscle cells (SMCs), the intracellular chloride ion (Cl−) concentration is high due to accumulation by Cl−/HCO3− exchange and Na+–K+–Cl− cotransportation. The equilibrium potential for Cl− (ECl) is more positive than physiological membrane potentials (Em), with Cl− efflux inducing membrane depolarization. Early studies used electrophysiology and nonspecific antagonists to study the physiological relevance of Cl− channels in SMCs. More recent reports have incorporated molecular biological approaches to identify and determine the functional significance of several different Cl− channels. Both "classic" and cGMP-dependent calcium (Ca2+)-activated (ClCa) channels and volume-sensitive Cl− channels are present, with TMEM16A/ANO1, bestrophins, and ClC-3, respectively, proposed as molecular candidates for these channels. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) has also been described in SMCs. This review will focus on discussing recent progress made in identifying each of these Cl− channels in SMCs, their physiological functions, and contribution to diseases that modify contraction, apoptosis, and cell proliferation.
Collapse
|
32
|
Kim DY, Kim HR, Kim KK, Park JW, Lee BJ. NELL2 function in the protection of cells against endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mol Cells 2014; 38:145-50. [PMID: 25537860 PMCID: PMC4332037 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.2216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous intra- and extracellular stresses induce disorder of Ca(2+) homeostasis and accumulation of unfolded protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which results in ER stress. Severe long-term ER stress triggers apoptosis signaling pathways, resulting in cell death. Neural epidermal growth factor-like like protein 2 (NELL2) has been reported to be important in protection of cells from cell death-inducing environments. In this study, we investigated the cytoprotective effect of NELL2 in the context of ER stress induced by thapsigargin, a strong ER stress inducer, in Cos7 cells. Overexpression of NELL2 prevented ER stress-mediated apoptosis by decreasing expression of ER stress-induced C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and increasing ER chaperones. In this context, expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL was increased by NELL2, whereas NELL2 decreased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, such as cleaved caspases 3 and 7. This anti-apoptotic effect of NELL2 is likely mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, because its inhibitor, U0126, inhibited effects of NELL2 on the expression of anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins and on the protection from ER stress-induced cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yeol Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea
| | - Han Rae Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea
| | - Kwang Kon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea
| | - Byung Ju Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lee WK, Dittmar T. Cytosolic calcium measurements in renal epithelial cells by flow cytometry. J Vis Exp 2014:e51857. [PMID: 25407650 DOI: 10.3791/51857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of cellular processes, both physiological and pathophysiological, require or are governed by calcium, including exocytosis, mitochondrial function, cell death, cell metabolism and cell migration to name but a few. Cytosolic calcium is normally maintained at low nanomolar concentrations; rather it is found in high micromolar to millimolar concentrations in the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial matrix and the extracellular compartment. Upon stimulation, a transient increase in cytosolic calcium serves to signal downstream events. Detecting changes in cytosolic calcium is normally performed using a live cell imaging set up with calcium binding dyes that exhibit either an increase in fluorescence intensity or a shift in the emission wavelength upon calcium binding. However, a live cell imaging set up is not freely accessible to all researchers. Alternative detection methods have been optimized for immunological cells with flow cytometry and for non-immunological adherent cells with a fluorescence microplate reader. Here, we describe an optimized, simple method for detecting changes in epithelial cells with flow cytometry using a single wavelength calcium binding dye. Adherent renal proximal tubule epithelial cells, which are normally difficult to load with dyes, were loaded with a fluorescent cell permeable calcium binding dye in the presence of probenecid, brought into suspension and calcium signals were monitored before and after addition of thapsigargin, tunicamycin and ionomycin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Kee Lee
- Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology, & Toxicology, Centre for Biomedical Research and Training (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke;
| | - Thomas Dittmar
- Institute for Immunology & Experimental Oncology, Centre for Biomedical Research and Training (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Song W, Yang Z, He B. Bestrophin 3 ameliorates TNFα-induced inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB activation in endothelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111093. [PMID: 25329324 PMCID: PMC4203846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidences have suggested vascular endothelial inflammatory processes are the initiator of atherosclerosis. Bestrophin 3 (Best-3) is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of a variety of physiological functions, but its function in cardiovascular system remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of Best-3 on endothelial inflammation. We first demonstrated that Best-3 is expressed in endothelial cells and decreased after tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) challenge. Overexpression of Best-3 significantly attenuated TNFα-induced expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines, and subsequently inhibited the adhesion of monocytes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Conversely, knockdown of Best-3 with siRNA resulted in an enhancement on TNFα-induced expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines and adhesion of monocytes to HUVECs. Furthermore, overexpression of Best-3 with adenovirus dramatically ameliorated inflammatory response in TNFα-injected mice. Mechanistically, we found up-regulation of Best-3 inhibited TNFα-induced IKKβ and IκBα phosphorylation, IκBα degradation and NF-κB translocation. Our results demonstrated that Best-3 is an endogenous inhibitor of NF-κB signaling pathway in endothelial cells, suggesting that forced Best-3 expression may be a novel approach for the treatment of vascular inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lee JY, Tokumoto M, Fujiwara Y, Satoh M. Gene expression analysis using DNA microarray in HK-2 human proximal tubular cells treated with cadmium. J Toxicol Sci 2014; 38:959-62. [PMID: 24284285 DOI: 10.2131/jts.38.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We examined the alteration of gene expression in HK-2 human proximal tubular cells exposed to cadmium (Cd) using DNA microarray analysis. Cd increased the expression of 30 genes, including 7 genes coding for heat shock proteins, more than 2.0-fold and decreased the expression of 21 genes, including transcription-related genes, such as AP2B1, HOXA7, HOXA9 and TCEB2, less than 0.5-fold prior to the appearance of cytotoxicity in HK-2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yong Lee
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Young RK, Villalobos ARA. Stress-induced stimulation of choline transport in cultured choroid plexus epithelium exposed to low concentrations of cadmium. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 306:R291-303. [PMID: 24401988 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00252.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The choroid plexus epithelium forms the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and accumulates essential minerals and heavy metals. Choroid plexus is cited as being a "sink" for heavy metals and excess minerals, serving to minimize accumulation of these potentially toxic agents in the brain. An understanding of how low doses of contaminant metals might alter transport of other solutes in the choroid plexus is limited. Using primary cultures of epithelial cells isolated from neonatal rat choroid plexus, our objective was to characterize modulation of apical uptake of the model organic cation choline elicited by low concentrations of the contaminant metal cadmium (CdCl₂). At 50-1,000 nM, cadmium did not directly decrease or increase 30-min apical uptake of 10 μM [(3)H]choline. However, extended exposure to 250-500 nM cadmium increased [(3)H]choline uptake by as much as 75% without marked cytotoxicity. In addition, cadmium induced heat shock protein 70 and heme oxygenase-1 protein expression and markedly induced metallothionein gene expression. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine attenuated stimulation of choline uptake and induction of stress proteins. Conversely, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis l-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) enhanced stimulation of choline uptake and induction of stress proteins. Cadmium also activated ERK1/2 MAP kinase. The MEK1 inhibitor PD98059 diminished ERK1/2 activation and attenuated stimulation of choline uptake. Furthermore, inhibition of ERK1/2 activation abated stimulation of choline uptake in cells exposed to cadmium with BSO. These data indicate that in the choroid plexus, exposure to low concentrations of cadmium may induce oxidative stress and consequently stimulate apical choline transport through activation of ERK1/2 MAP kinase.
Collapse
|
37
|
Dahdouh F, Raane M, Thévenod F, Lee WK. Nickel-induced cell death and survival pathways in cultured renal proximal tubule cells: roles of reactive oxygen species, ceramide and ABCB1. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:881-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
38
|
Exposure to ethanol and nicotine induces stress responses in human placental BeWo cells. Toxicol Lett 2014; 224:264-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
39
|
Cadmium and cellular signaling cascades: interactions between cell death and survival pathways. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1743-86. [PMID: 23982889 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular stress elicited by the toxic metal Cd(2+) does not coerce the cell into committing to die from the onset. Rather, detoxification and adaptive processes are triggered concurrently, allowing survival until normal function is restored. With high Cd(2+), death pathways predominate. However, if sublethal stress levels affect cells for prolonged periods, as in chronic low Cd(2+) exposure, adaptive and survival mechanisms may deregulate, such that tumorigenesis ensues. Hence, death and malignancy are the two ends of a continuum of cellular responses to Cd(2+), determined by magnitude and duration of Cd(2+) stress. Signaling cascades are the key factors affecting cellular reactions to Cd(2+). This review critically surveys recent literature to outline major features of death and survival signaling pathways as well as their activation, interactions and cross talk in cells exposed to Cd(2+). Under physiological conditions, receptor activation generates 2nd messengers, which are short-lived and act specifically on effectors through their spatial and temporal dynamics to transiently alter effector activity. Cd(2+) recruits physiological 2nd messenger systems, in particular Ca(2+) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which control key Ca(2+)- and redox-sensitive molecular switches dictating cell function and fate. Severe ROS/Ca(2+) signals activate cell death effectors (ceramides, ASK1-JNK/p38, calpains, caspases) and/or cause irreversible damage to vital organelles, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas low localized ROS/Ca(2+) levels act as 2nd messengers promoting cellular adaptation and survival through signal transduction (ERK1/2, PI3K/Akt-PKB) and transcriptional regulators (Ref1-Nrf2, NF-κB, Wnt, AP-1, bestrophin-3). Other cellular proteins and processes targeted by ROS/Ca(2+) (metallothioneins, Bcl-2 proteins, ubiquitin-proteasome system, ER stress-associated unfolded protein response, autophagy, cell cycle) can evoke death or survival. Hence, temporary or permanent disruptions of ROS/Ca(2+) induced by Cd(2+) play a crucial role in eliciting, modulating and linking downstream cell death and adaptive and survival signaling cascades.
Collapse
|
40
|
Lu Y, Qian L, Zhang Q, Chen B, Gui L, Huang D, Chen G, Chen L. Palmitate induces apoptosis in mouse aortic endothelial cells and endothelial dysfunction in mice fed high-calorie and high-cholesterol diets. Life Sci 2013; 92:1165-73. [PMID: 23680379 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity is associated with hypertriglyceridemia and elevated circulating free fatty acids (FFA), resulting in endothelial dysfunction. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in many of these processes. To determine if ER stress participates in palmitate-induced apoptosis, we investigated the effects of diet-induced obesity and palmitate on mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAEC) in vivo and in vitro. MAIN METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were fed standard chow diets (SCD) or high-calorie and high-cholesterol diets (HCD) for 3 months. Insulin resistance was detected, and the serum, including proinflammatory indices and markers of endothelial function, was also analyzed. The ultrastructure and apoptosis of the endothelial cells in the thoracic aorta were observed. The primary MAEC were separated and treated with palmitate at different concentrations or different times respectively to observe any changes in cellular proliferation, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptosis. Finally, the ER stress markers C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS HCD-fed obese mice became inflammation-activated and insulin-resistant. Swollen mitochondria, expanded ER and apoptosis in the endothelial cells of the thoracic aorta were observed in HCD-fed mice. Palmitate inhibited cell proliferation, increased production of ROS and induced apoptosis in MAEC. CHOP was overexpressed and shifted into the nucleus (mainly), while the expression of GRP78 was upregulated in the palmitate-treated MAEC. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that diet-induced obesity results in endothelial dysfunction in vivo, and that oxidative and ER stress may be involved in apoptosis induced by the palmitate in vitro.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cholesterol, Dietary/adverse effects
- Cholesterol, Dietary/metabolism
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Energy Intake/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Palmitic Acid/toxicity
- Random Allocation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mitochondria dependent pathway is involved in the protective effect of bestrophin-3 on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in basilar artery smooth muscle cells. Apoptosis 2013; 18:556-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
42
|
|