1
|
Xiao C, Zhang H, Xie F, Pan ZY, Qiu WM, Tong Z, Wang ZQ, He XJ, Xu YH, Sun ZH. Evolution, gene expression, and protein‒protein interaction analyses identify candidate CBL-CIPK signalling networks implicated in stress responses to cold and bacterial infection in citrus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:420. [PMID: 36045357 PMCID: PMC9434895 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold is a major abiotic stress and Huanglongbing and citrus canker disease are two devastating bacterial diseases for citrus. The Ca2+-CBL-CIPK network is known to regulate different types of stress signalling in plants. How do CBL-CIPK signalling networks function in response to cold and infection by CLas or Xcc in citrus? RESULTS Eight calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) and seventeen CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) were identified from the cold-tolerant satsuma mandarin 'Guijing2501' (Citrus. unshiu) and CLas/Xcc-sensitive sweet orange (C. sinensis). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both CBL and CIPK family members in citrus were classified into an ancient and a recent clade according to their conserved domain characteristics and/or intron/exon structures. Genome duplication analysis suggested that both tandem and segmental duplications contributed to the amplification of the CBL and CIPK gene families in citrus under intense purifying selection, and the duplication events only existed in the recent clades. Expression comparison of the duplicated gene pairs indicated that the duplicated CBL and CIPK genes underwent functional differentiation. Further expression analysis identified that CBL1, 5, 6, and 8 and CIPK2, 8, 12, 15, 16, and 17 were significantly regulated by multiple stresses, including cold, Xcc infection and/or CLas infection, in citrus, whereas CBL2/7 and CIPK1/4/5/11/13/14 were independently highly regulated by cold and CIPK3 was uniquely responsive to Xcc infection. The combination analyses of targeted Y2H assay and expression analysis revealed that CBL6-CIPK8 was the common signalling network in response to cold and Xcc infection, while CBL6/CBL8-CIPK14 was uniquely responsive to cold in citrus. Further stable transformation and cold tolerance assay indicated that overexpression of CuCIPK16 enhanced the cold tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis with higher POD activity and lower MDA content. CONCLUSIONS In this study, evolution, gene expression and protein‒protein interaction analyses of citrus CBLs and CIPKs were comprehensively conducted over a genome-wide range. The results will facilitate future functional characterization of individual citrus CBLs and CIPKs under specific stresses and provide clues for the clarification of cold tolerance and disease susceptibility mechanisms in corresponding citrus cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Xiao
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Fan Xie
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Zhi-Yong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Wen-Ming Qiu
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Zhu Tong
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Ze-Qiong Wang
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Xiu-Juan He
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Yu-Hai Xu
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Zhong-Hai Sun
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ranjan R, Malik N, Sharma S, Agarwal P, Kapoor S, Tyagi AK. OsCPK29 interacts with MADS68 to regulate pollen development in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 321:111297. [PMID: 35696904 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pollen development and its germination are obligatory for the reproductive success of flowering plants. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs, also known as CDPKs) regulate diverse signaling pathways controlling plant growth and development. Here, we report the functional characterization of a novel OsCPK29 from rice, which is mainly expressed during pollen maturation stages of the anther. OsCPK29 exclusively localizes in the nucleus, and its N-terminal variable domain is responsible for retaining it in the nucleus. OsCPK29 knockdown rice plants exhibit reduced fertility, set fewer seeds, and produce collapsed non-viable pollen grains that do not germinate. Cytological analysis of anther semi-thin sections during different developmental stages suggested that pollen abnormalities appear after the vacuolated pollen stage. Detailed microscopic study of pollen grains further revealed that they were lacking the functional intine layer although exine layer was present. Consistent with that, downregulation of known intine development-related rice genes was also observed in OsCPK29 silenced anthers. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that OsCPK29 interacts in vitro as well as in vivo with the MADS68 transcription factor which is a known regulator of pollen development. Therefore, phenotypic observations and molecular studies suggest that OsCPK29 is an important regulator of pollen development in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Ranjan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi 110067, India; Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus (UDSC), New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Naveen Malik
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shivam Sharma
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus (UDSC), New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Pinky Agarwal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sanjay Kapoor
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus (UDSC), New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Akhilesh K Tyagi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi 110067, India; Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus (UDSC), New Delhi 110021, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Deshmukh R, Tiwari S. Molecular interaction of charcoal rot pathogenesis in soybean: a complex interaction. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1799-1812. [PMID: 34232377 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Charcoal rot (CR) is a major disease of soybean, which is caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Mp). Increasing temperatures and low rainfall in recent years have immensely benefitted the pathogen. Hence, the search for genetically acquired resistance to this pathogen is essential. The pathogen is a hemibiotroph, which germinates on the root surface and colonizes epidermal tissue. Several surface receptors initiate pathogenesis, followed by the secretion of various enzymes that provide entry to host tissue. Several enzymes and other converging cascades in the pathogen participate against host defensive responses. β-glucan of the fungal cell wall is recognized as MAMPs (microbe-associated molecular patterns) in plants, which trigger host immune responses. Kinase receptors, resistance, and pathogenesis-related genes correspond to host defense response. They work in conjunction with hormone-mediated defense pathway especially, the systemic acquired resistance, calcium-signaling, and production of phytoalexins. Due to its quantitative nature, limited QTLs have been identified in soybean for CR resistance. The present review attempts to provide a functional link between M. phaseolina pathogenicity and soybean responses. Elucidation of CR resistance responses would facilitate improved designing of breeding programs, and may help in the selection of corresponding genes to introgress CR resistant traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reena Deshmukh
- Biotechnology Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Agriculture University, Jabalpur, India.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India.
| | - Sharad Tiwari
- Biotechnology Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Agriculture University, Jabalpur, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ren H, Zhao X, Li W, Hussain J, Qi G, Liu S. Calcium Signaling in Plant Programmed Cell Death. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051089. [PMID: 34063263 PMCID: PMC8147489 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a process intended for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by eliminating old, damaged, or unwanted cells. In plants, PCD takes place during developmental processes and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In contrast to the field of animal studies, PCD is not well understood in plants. Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal cell signaling entity and regulates numerous physiological activities across all the kingdoms of life. The cytosolic increase in Ca2+ is a prerequisite for the induction of PCD in plants. Although over the past years, we have witnessed significant progress in understanding the role of Ca2+ in the regulation of PCD, it is still unclear how the upstream stress perception leads to the Ca2+ elevation and how the signal is further propagated to result in the onset of PCD. In this review article, we discuss recent advancements in the field, and compare the role of Ca2+ signaling in PCD in biotic and abiotic stresses. Moreover, we discuss the upstream and downstream components of Ca2+ signaling and its crosstalk with other signaling pathways in PCD. The review is expected to provide new insights into the role of Ca2+ signaling in PCD and to identify gaps for future research efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (H.R.); (X.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (H.R.); (X.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Wenjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (H.R.); (X.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Jamshaid Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan;
| | - Guoning Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (H.R.); (X.Z.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence: (G.Q.); (S.L.)
| | - Shenkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (H.R.); (X.Z.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence: (G.Q.); (S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tian CB, Li YY, Huang J, Chu WQ, Wang ZY, Liu H. Comparative Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis of Heat Acclimation in Predatory Mite Neoseiulus barkeri. Front Physiol 2020; 11:426. [PMID: 32411020 PMCID: PMC7201100 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we reported a high temperature adapted strain (HTAS) of the predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri was artificially selected via a long-term heat acclimation (35°C) and frequent heat hardenings. To understand the molecular basis of heat acclimation, 'omics' analyses were performed to compare the differences between HTAS female adults to conventional strain (CS) at transcriptional and translational levels. We obtained a total of 5,374 differentially expressed genes and 500 differentially expressed proteins. Among them, 119 transcripts had concurrent transcription and translation profiles. It's conserved that some processes, such as high expression of heat shock protein (HSP) genes, involved in heat tolerance of transcriptome analyses, while many protective enzymes including glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and cytochrome P450 displayed down-regulated expression. KEGG analysis mapped 4,979 and 348 differentially expressed genes and proteins, to 299 and 253 pathways, respectively. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway may provide new insights for the investigation of the molecular mechanisms of heat tolerance. Correlation enriched pathways indicated that there were four pathways associated with heat acclimation involving in energy metabolism and immunity. In addition, the expression patterns of ten randomly selected genes including HSP were consistent with the transcriptome results obtained through quantitative real-time PCR. Comparisons between transcriptome and proteome results indicated the upregulation of HSPs and genes participated in ATP production, immunity and energy metabolism process. A majority of antioxidant-related genes and detoxication-related genes were down-regulated suggesting a fitness cost of heat acclimation. Our results demonstrated that heat tolerance during a long-time acclimation of N. barkeri is a fairly complicated process of physiological regulations. These findings also contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of thermal responses of phytoseiid mites which could provide useful information for biological control through natural enemies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Huai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zheng Y, Zhan Q, Shi T, Liu J, Zhao K, Gao Y. The nuclear transporter SAD2 plays a role in calcium- and H 2 O 2 -mediated cell death in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:324-333. [PMID: 31565820 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In response to pathogens, plant cells exhibit a rapid increase in the intracellular calcium concentration and a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The cytosolic increase in Ca2+ and the accumulation of ROS are critical for inducing programmed cell death (PCD), but the molecular mechanism is not fully understood. We screened an Arabidopsis mutant, sad2-5, which harbours a T-DNA insertion in the 18th exon of the importin beta-like gene, SAD2. The H2 O2 -induced increase in the [Ca2+ ]cyt of the sad2-5 mutant was greater than that of the wild type, and the sad2-5 mutant showed clear cell death phenotypes and abnormal H2 O2 accumulation under fumonisin-B1 (FB1) treatment. CaCl2 could enhance the FB1-induced cell death of the sad2-5 mutant, whereas lanthanum chloride (LaCl3 ), a broad-spectrum calcium channel blocker, could restore the FB1-induced PCD phenotype of sad2-5. The sad2-5 fbr11-1 double mutant exhibited the same FB1-insensitive phenotype as fbr11-1, which plays a critical role in novo sphingolipid synthesis, indicating that SAD2 works downstream of FBR11. These results suggest the important role of nuclear transporters in calcium- and ROS-mediated PCD response as well as provide an important theoretical basis for further analysis of the molecular mechanism of SAD2 function in PCD and for improvement of the resistance of crops to adverse environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Qidi Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Tiantian Shi
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Kaijun Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ying Gao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ali U, Li H, Wang X, Guo L. Emerging Roles of Sphingolipid Signaling in Plant Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:1328-1343. [PMID: 30336328 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant sphingolipids are not only structural components of the plasma membrane and other endomembrane systems but also act as signaling molecules during biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the roles of sphingolipids in plant signal transduction in response to environmental cues are yet to be investigated in detail. In this review, we discuss the signaling roles of sphingolipid metabolites with a focus on plant sphingolipids. We also mention some microbial sphingolipids that initiate signals during their interaction with plants, because of the limited literatures on their plant analogs. The equilibrium of nonphosphorylated and phosphorylated sphingolipid species determine the destiny of plant cells, whereas molecular connections among the enzymes responsible for this equilibrium in a coordinated signaling network are poorly understood. A mechanistic link between the phytohormone-sphingolipid interplay has also not yet been fully understood and many key participants involved in this complex interaction operating under stress conditions await to be identified. Future research is needed to fill these gaps and to better understand the signal pathways of plant sphingolipids and their interplay with other signals in response to environmental stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ali
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hehuan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun G, Yang Q, Zhang A, Guo J, Liu X, Wang Y, Ma Q. Synergistic effect of the combined bio-fungicides ε-poly-l-lysine and chitooligosaccharide in controlling grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) in tomatoes. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 276:46-53. [PMID: 29656220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The antifungal properties and the induction of resistance by ε-poly-l-lysine (ε-PL) and chitooligosaccharide (COS) were examined to find an alternative to synthetic fungicides currently used in the control of the devastating fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould disease of tomatoes. As presented herein, this combined treatment (200 mg/L ε-PL + 400 mg/L COS) was found to have optimal in vitro antifungal activities, achieving an inhibition rate of 90.22%. In vivo assays with these combined bio-fungicides, under greenhouse conditions using susceptible tomato plants, demonstrated good protection against severe grey mould. In field tests, the combined bio-fungicides had a control effect of up to 66.67% against tomato grey mould. To elucidate the mechanisms of the combined bio-fungicide-induced resistance in the tomato, plants were subjected to three treatments: 1) inoculation with B. cinerea after spraying with 200 mg/L ε-PL alone, 2) inoculation with the combined bio-fungicides, and 3) inoculation with 400 mg/L COS alone. Compared to the control (sterile water), increases in salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) levels and increased phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were observed. Catalase (CAT) activity and abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) levels decreased, particularly in the combined bio-fungicide-treated plants. Altogether, these findings reveal that the combined bio-fungicides (200 mg/L ε-PL + 400 mg/L COS) should be an excellent biocontrol agent candidate that combines direct antifungal activity against B. cinerea with plant resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangzheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qichao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ancheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gupta S, Bhar A, Chatterjee M, Ghosh A, Das S. Transcriptomic dissection reveals wide spread differential expression in chickpea during early time points of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri Race 1 attack. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178164. [PMID: 28542579 PMCID: PMC5460890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants' reaction to underground microorganisms is complex as sessile nature of plants compels them to prioritize their responses to diverse microorganisms both pathogenic and symbiotic. Roots of important crops are directly exposed to diverse microorganisms, but investigations involving root pathogens are significantly less. Thus, more studies involving root pathogens and their target crops are necessitated to enrich the understanding of underground interactions. Present study reported the molecular complexities in chickpea during Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri Race 1 (Foc1) infection. Transcriptomic dissections using RNA-seq showed significantly differential expression of molecular transcripts between infected and control plants of both susceptible and resistant genotypes. Radar plot analyses showed maximum expressional undulations after infection in both susceptible and resistant plants. Gene ontology and functional clustering showed large number of transcripts controlling basic metabolism of plants. Network analyses demonstrated defense components like peptidyl cis/trans isomerase, MAP kinase, beta 1,3 glucanase, serine threonine kinase, patatin like protein, lactolylglutathione lyase, coproporphyrinogen III oxidase, sulfotransferases; reactive oxygen species regulating components like respiratory burst oxidase, superoxide dismutases, cytochrome b5 reductase, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase, ATPase; metabolism regulating components, myo inositol phosphate, carboxylate synthase; transport related gamma tonoplast intrinsic protein, and structural component, ubiquitins to serve as important nodals of defense signaling network. These nodal molecules probably served as hub controllers of defense signaling. Functional characterization of these hub molecules would not only help in developing better understanding of chickpea-Foc1 interaction but also place them as promising candidates for resistance management programs against vascular wilt of legumes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumanti Gupta
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P 1/12, CIT Scheme, VII-M, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anirban Bhar
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P 1/12, CIT Scheme, VII-M, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Moniya Chatterjee
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P 1/12, CIT Scheme, VII-M, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Amartya Ghosh
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P 1/12, CIT Scheme, VII-M, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sampa Das
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P 1/12, CIT Scheme, VII-M, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yanagawa D, Ishikawa T, Imai H. Synthesis and degradation of long-chain base phosphates affect fumonisin B 1-induced cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2017; 130:571-585. [PMID: 28303405 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1), an inducer of cell death, disrupts sphingolipid metabolism; large accumulations of de novo synthesized free long-chain bases (LCBs) are observed. However, it remains unclear whether tolerance to FB1 toxicity in plants is connected with preventing the accumulation of free LCBs through their phosphorylation. Here a workflow for the extraction, detection and quantification of LCB phosphates (LCBPs) in Arabidopsis thaliana was developed. We studied the effect of expression of genes for three enzymes involved in the synthesis and degradation of LCBPs, LCB kinase (LCBK1), LCBP phosphatase (SPP1) and lyase (DPL1) on FB1-induced cell death. As expected, large accumulations of saturated free LCBs, dihydrosphingosine and phytosphingosine, were observed in the FB1-treated leaves. On the other hand, a high level of sphingenine phosphate was found in the FB1-treated leaves even though free sphingenine was found in low amounts in these leaves. In comparison of WT and spp1 plants, the LCBP/LCB ratio is likely to be correlated with the degree of FB1-induced cell death determined by trypan blue staining. The FB1-treated leaves in dpl1 plants showed severe cell death and the elevation of free LCBs and LCBPs. LCBK1-OX and -KD plants showed resistance and sensitivity to FB1, respectively, whereas free LCB and LCBP levels in FB1-treated LCBK1-OX and -KD plants were moderately different to those in FB1-treated WT plants. Overall, the findings described here suggest that LCBP/LCB homeostasis is an important topic that participates in the tolerance of plant cells to FB1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Yanagawa
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe, 658-8501, Japan
- The Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, Kobe, 658-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Imai
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe, 658-8501, Japan.
- The Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, Kobe, 658-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lahlali R, Kumar S, Wang L, Forseille L, Sylvain N, Korbas M, Muir D, Swerhone G, Lawrence JR, Fobert PR, Peng G, Karunakaran C. Cell Wall Biomolecular Composition Plays a Potential Role in the Host Type II Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:910. [PMID: 27445995 PMCID: PMC4921494 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious disease of wheat worldwide. Cultivar resistance to FHB depends on biochemical factors that confine the pathogen spread in spikes. Breeding for cultivar resistance is considered the most practical way to manage this disease. In this study, different spectroscopy and microscopy techniques were applied to discriminate resistance in wheat genotypes against FHB. Synchrotron-based spectroscopy and imaging techniques, including focal plane array infrared and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy were used to understand changes in biochemical and nutrients in rachis following FHB infection. Sumai3 and Muchmore were used to represent resistant and susceptible cultivars to FHB, respectively, in this study. The histological comparison of rachis showed substantial differences in the cell wall thickness between the cultivars after infection. Synchrotron-based infrared imaging emphasized substantial difference in biochemical composition of rachis samples between the two cultivars prior to visible symptoms; in the resistant Sumai3, infrared bands representing lignin and hemicellulose were stronger and more persistent compared to the susceptible cultivar. These bands may be the candidates of biochemical markers for FHB resistance. Focal plane array infrared imaging (FPA) spectra from the rachis epidermis and vascular bundles revealed a new band (1710 cm(-1)) related to the oxidative stress on the susceptible cultivar only. XRF spectroscopy data revealed differences in nutrients composition between cultivars, and between controls and inoculated samples, with substantial increases observed for Ca, K, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Si in the resistant cultivar. These nutrients are related to cell wall stability, metabolic process, and plant defense mechanisms such as lignification pathway and callose deposition. The combination of cell wall composition and lignification plays a role in the mechanism of type II host resistance to FHB. Biochemical profiling using the synchrotron-based spectroscopy holds potential for screening wheat genotypes for FHB resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lipu Wang
- National Research Council CanadaSaskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Li Forseille
- National Research Council CanadaSaskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Nicole Sylvain
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - David Muir
- Canadian Light SourceSaskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | | | - Pierre R. Fobert
- National Research Council CanadaSaskatoon, SK, Canada
- National Research Council CanadaOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Peng
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research CentreSaskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lipids in plant-microbe interactions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1379-1395. [PMID: 26928590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria and fungi can undergo symbiotic or pathogenic interactions with plants. Membrane lipids and lipid-derived molecules from the plant or the microbial organism play important roles during the infection process. For example, lipids (phospholipids, glycolipids, sphingolipids, sterol lipids) are involved in establishing the membrane interface between the two organisms. Furthermore, lipid-derived molecules are crucial for intracellular signaling in the plant cell, and lipids serve as signals during plant-microbial communication. These signal lipids include phosphatidic acid, diacylglycerol, lysophospholipids, and free fatty acids derived from phospholipase activity, apocarotenoids, and sphingolipid breakdown products such as ceramide, ceramide-phosphate, long chain base, and long chain base-phosphate. Fatty acids are the precursors for oxylipins, including jasmonic acid, and for azelaic acid, which together with glycerol-3-phosphate are crucial for the regulation of systemic acquired resistance. This article is part of a Special Issue titled "Plant Lipid Biology," guest editors Kent Chapman and Ivo Feussner.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
To confer resistance against pathogens and pests in plants, typically dominant resistance genes are deployed. However, because resistance is based on recognition of a single pathogen-derived molecular pattern, these narrow-spectrum genes are usually readily overcome. Disease arises from a compatible interaction between plant and pathogen. Hence, altering a plant gene that critically facilitates compatibility could provide a more broad-spectrum and durable type of resistance. Here, such susceptibility (S) genes are reviewed with a focus on the mechanisms underlying loss of compatibility. We distinguish three groups of S genes acting during different stages of infection: early pathogen establishment, modulation of host defenses, and pathogen sustenance. The many examples reviewed here show that S genes have the potential to be used in resistance breeding. However, because S genes have a function other than being a compatibility factor for the pathogen, the side effects caused by their mutation demands a one-by-one assessment of their usefulness for application.
Collapse
|