1
|
Liu L, Jiang Y, Steinle JJ. Prohibitin 1 Regulates Inflammatory Mediators and Reactive Oxygen Species in Retinal Endothelial Cells. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071915. [PMID: 35407523 PMCID: PMC9000038 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is associated with increased inflammatory mediator levels. In these studies, we focused on prohibitin 1. We performed western blotting for retinal lysates from diabetic mice and Epac1 floxed and cdh5Cre-Epac1 mice. We also grew primary retinal endothelial cells (REC) in normal (5 mM) and high (25 mM) glucose, and treated some cells with an Epac 1 agonist or prohibitin 1 siRNA. Western blotting was done to confirm knockdown of prohibitin 1 and Epac 1 agonism. We measured the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), phosphorylated prohibitin 1, phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa beta (NFkB), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in REC after transfection with prohibitin 1 siRNA. Results showed that high glucose increased the inflammatory mediators, as well as HMGB1 and ROS. The levels of ROS, HMGB1, and inflammatory pathways were all reduced after cells were transfected with prohibitin 1 siRNA. Epac1 reduced prohibitin 1 phosphorylation. In conclusion, decreased prohibitin 1 significantly reduced the inflammatory mediator and ROS levels in REC. Epac1 regulates the prohibitin 1 levels in REC.
Collapse
|
2
|
Shotgun Immunoproteomics for Identification of Nonhuman Leukocyte Antigens Associated With Cellular Dysfunction in Heart Transplant Rejection. Transplantation 2021; 106:1376-1389. [PMID: 34923540 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplant consensus panel notes that too little data exist regarding the role of non-HLA in allograft rejection. We developed a novel shotgun immunoproteomic approach to determine the identities and potential roles non-HLA play in antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in heart transplant recipients. METHODS Serum was collected longitudinally from heart transplant recipients experiencing AMR in the absence of donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (n = 6) and matched no rejection controls (n = 7). Antidonor heart affinity chromatography columns were formed by recipient immunoglobulin G immobilization at transplantation, acute rejection, and chronic postrejection time points. Affinity chromatography columns were used to capture antigens from individual patient's donor heart biopsies collected at transplantation. Captured proteins were subjected to quantitative proteomic analysis and the longitudinal response was calculated. RESULTS Overlap in antigen-specific response between AMR and non-AMR patients was only 8.3%. In AMR patients, a total of 155 non-HLAs were identified, with responses toward 43 high prevalence antigens found in ≥50% of patients. Immunofluorescence staining for representative high prevalence antigens demonstrated that their abundance increased at acute rejection, correlating with their respective non-HLA antibody response. Physiological changes in cardiomyocyte and endothelial cell function, following in vitro culture with patient immunoglobulin G, correlated with response toward several high prevalence antigens. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates a novel high-throughput strategy to identify clinically relevant non-HLA from donor endomyocardial biopsy. Such a technique has the potential to improve understanding of longitudinal timing of antigen-specific responses and their cause and effect relationship in graft rejection.
Collapse
|
3
|
A Role for STOML3 in Olfactory Sensory Transduction. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0565-20.2021. [PMID: 33637538 PMCID: PMC7986538 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0565-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomatin-like protein-3 (STOML3) is an integral membrane protein expressed in the cilia of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), but its functional role in this cell type has never been addressed. STOML3 is also expressed in dorsal root ganglia neurons, where it has been shown to be required for normal touch sensation. Here, we extended previous results indicating that STOML3 is mainly expressed in the knob and proximal cilia of OSNs. We additionally showed that mice lacking STOML3 have a morphologically normal olfactory epithelium. Because of its presence in the cilia, together with known olfactory transduction components, we hypothesized that STOML3 could be involved in modulating odorant responses in OSNs. To investigate the functional role of STOML3, we performed loose patch recordings from wild-type (WT) and Stoml3 knock-out (KO) OSNs. We found that spontaneous mean firing activity was lower with additional shift in interspike intervals (ISIs) distributions in Stoml3 KOs compared with WT neurons. Moreover, the firing activity in response to stimuli was reduced both in spike number and duration in neurons lacking STOML3 compared with WT neurons. Control experiments suggested that the primary deficit in neurons lacking STOML3 was at the level of transduction and not at the level of action potential generation. We conclude that STOML3 has a physiological role in olfaction, being required for normal sensory encoding by OSNs.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Q, Bian X, Zeng L, Pan F, Liu L, Liang J, Wang L, Zhou K, Lee W, Xiang Y, Li S, Teng M, Li X, Guo X, Zhang Y. A cellular endolysosome-modulating pore-forming protein from a toad is negatively regulated by its paralog under oxidizing conditions. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10293-10306. [PMID: 32499370 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endolysosomes are key players in cell physiology, including molecular exchange, immunity, and environmental adaptation. They are the molecular targets of some pore-forming aerolysin-like proteins (ALPs) that are widely distributed in animals and plants and are functionally related to bacterial toxin aerolysins. βγ-CAT is a complex of an ALP (BmALP1) and a trefoil factor (BmTFF3) in the firebelly toad (Bombina maxima). It is the first example of a secreted endogenous pore-forming protein that modulates the biochemical properties of endolysosomes by inducing pore formation in these intracellular vesicles. Here, using a large array of biochemical and cell biology methods, we report the identification of BmALP3, a paralog of BmALP1 that lacks membrane pore-forming capacity. We noted that both BmALP3 and BmALP1 contain a conserved cysteine in their C-terminal regions. BmALP3 was readily oxidized to a disulfide bond-linked homodimer, and this homodimer then oxidized BmALP1 via disulfide bond exchange, resulting in the dissociation of βγ-CAT subunits and the elimination of biological activity. Consistent with its behavior in vitro, BmALP3 sensed environmental oxygen tension in vivo, leading to modulation of βγ-CAT activity. Interestingly, we found that this C-terminal cysteine site is well conserved in numerous vertebrate ALPs. These findings uncover the existence of a regulatory ALP (BmALP3) that modulates the activity of an active ALP (BmALP1) in a redox-dependent manner, a property that differs from those of bacterial toxin aerolysins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xianling Bian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lingzhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinyang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lingyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kaifeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenhui Lee
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Sheng'an Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Maikun Teng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xu Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaolong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China .,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bauknight DK, Osinski V, Dasa SSK, Nguyen AT, Marshall MA, Hartman J, Harms M, O’Mahony G, Boucher J, Klibanov AL, McNamara CA, Kelly KA. Importance of thorough tissue and cellular level characterization of targeted drugs in the evaluation of pharmacodynamic effects. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224917. [PMID: 31725756 PMCID: PMC6855449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted nanoparticle delivery is a promising strategy for increasing efficacy and limiting side effects of therapeutics. When designing a targeted liposomal formulation, the in vivo biodistribution of the particles must be characterized to determine the value of the targeting approach. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists effectively treat metabolic syndrome by decreasing dyslipidemia and insulin resistance but side effects have limited their use, making them a class of compounds that could benefit from targeted liposomal delivery. The adipose targeting sequence peptide (ATS) could fit this role, as it has been shown to bind to adipose tissue endothelium and induce weight loss when delivered conjugated to a pro-apoptotic peptide. To date, however, a full assessment of ATS in vivo biodistribution has not been reported, leaving important unanswered questions regarding the exact mechanisms whereby ATS targeting enhances therapeutic efficacy. We designed this study to evaluate the biodistribution of ATS-conjugated liposomes loaded with the PPARα/γ dual agonist tesaglitazar in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. The ATS-liposome biodistribution in adipose tissue and other organs was examined at the cellular and tissue level using microscopy, flow cytometry, and fluorescent molecular tomography. Changes in metabolic parameters and gene expression were measured by target and off-target tissue responses to the treatment. Unexpectedly, ATS targeting did not increase liposomal uptake in adipose relative to other tissues, but did increase uptake in the kidneys. Targeting also did not significantly alter metabolic parameters. Analysis of the liposome cellular distribution in the stromal vascular fraction with flow cytometry revealed high uptake by multiple cell types. Our findings highlight the need for thorough study of in vivo biodistribution when evaluating a targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin K. Bauknight
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
- Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Victoria Osinski
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Siva Sai Krishna Dasa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
- Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Anh T. Nguyen
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Melissa A. Marshall
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Julia Hartman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Matthew Harms
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gavin O’Mahony
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jeremie Boucher
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexander L. Klibanov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Coleen A. McNamara
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Kimberly A. Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
- Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang T, Jeon SW, Jung US, Kim MJ, Lee HG. l-Lactate Dehydrogenase B Chain Associated with Milk Protein Content in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9070442. [PMID: 31311116 PMCID: PMC6680410 DOI: 10.3390/ani9070442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore genes associated with milk protein content in dairy cows and their relationships with l-leucine. Ten primiparous Holstein cows (93.8 ± 11.56 milking days) fed the same diet were divided into two groups depending on their milk protein contents (group High, 3.34 ± 0.10%; and group Low, 2.86 ± 0.05%). Milk epithelial cells (MECs) were isolated from the collected morning milk and differentially expressed proteins in MECs were explored by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Then, the mRNA expression of these proteins was detected by real time PCR in MAC-T cells incubated with three different media named positive control (PC), negative control (NC), and l-leucine depletion (NO-leu). Results showed that ten proteins were differentially expressed in MECs from cows in group High. They included seven down-regulated ones (heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1), 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP-78), l-lactate dehydrogenase B chain (LDH-B), malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic (MDH1), annexin I (ANXA1), cytokeratin-7 (CK-7), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)), and three up-regulated ones (prohibitin (PHB), beta casein (CSN2), and alpha S1 casein (CSN1S1)). When l-leucine was depleted from the medium, not only proteins content was lowered (p < 0.05), but also the LDH-B mRNA expression was decreased in MAC-T cells (p < 0.05). In conclusion, LDH-B is negatively associated with the milk protein content of dairy cows and has a positive association with l-leucine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Seung Woo Jeon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - U Suk Jung
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Hong Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guo XL, Liu LZ, Wang QQ, Liang JY, Lee WH, Xiang Y, Li SA, Zhang Y. Endogenous pore-forming protein complex targets acidic glycosphingolipids in lipid rafts to initiate endolysosome regulation. Commun Biol 2019; 2:59. [PMID: 30775460 PMCID: PMC6370762 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0304-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pore-forming toxin aerolysin-like proteins (ALPs) are widely distributed in animals and plants. However, functional studies on these ALPs remain in their infancy. βγ-CAT is the first example of a secreted pore-forming protein that functions to modulate the endolysosome pathway via endocytosis and pore formation on endolysosomes. However, the specific cell surface molecules mediating the action of βγ-CAT remain elusive. Here, the actions of βγ-CAT were largely attenuated by either addition or elimination of acidic glycosphingolipids (AGSLs). Further study revealed that the ALP and trefoil factor (TFF) subunits of βγ-CAT bind to gangliosides and sulfatides, respectively. Additionally, disruption of lipid rafts largely impaired the actions of βγ-CAT. Finally, the ability of βγ-CAT to clear pathogens was attenuated in AGSL-eliminated frogs. These findings revealed a previously unknown double binding pattern of an animal-secreted ALP in complex with TFF that initiates ALP-induced endolysosomal pathway regulation, ultimately leading to effective antimicrobial responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Ling-Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Qi-Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Jin-Yang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Wen-Hui Lee
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Sheng-An Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China. .,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jaykumar AB, Caceres PS, King-Medina KN, Liao TD, Datta I, Maskey D, Naggert JK, Mendez M, Beierwaltes WH, Ortiz PA. Role of Alström syndrome 1 in the regulation of blood pressure and renal function. JCI Insight 2018; 3:95076. [PMID: 30385718 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.95076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated blood pressure (BP) and renal dysfunction are complex traits representing major global health problems. Single nucleotide polymorphisms identified by genome-wide association studies have identified the Alström syndrome 1 (ALMS1) gene locus to render susceptibility for renal dysfunction, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Mutations in the ALMS1 gene in humans causes Alström syndrome, characterized by progressive metabolic alterations including hypertension and CKD. Despite compelling genetic evidence, the underlying biological mechanism by which mutations in the ALMS1 gene lead to the above-mentioned pathophysiology is not understood. We modeled this effect in a KO rat model and showed that ALMS1 genetic deletion leads to hypertension. We demonstrate that the link between ALMS1 and hypertension involves the activation of the renal Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter NKCC2, mediated by regulation of its endocytosis. Our findings establish a link between the genetic susceptibility to hypertension, CKD, and the expression of ALMS1 through its role in a salt-reabsorbing tubular segment of the kidney. These data point to ALMS1 as a potentially novel gene involved in BP and renal function regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Bachhawat Jaykumar
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Paulo S Caceres
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Keyona N King-Medina
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tang-Dong Liao
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Indrani Datta
- Department of Public Health Sciences and.,Center for Bioinformatics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Dipak Maskey
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Mariela Mendez
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - William H Beierwaltes
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Pablo A Ortiz
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Significance of prohibitin domain family in tumorigenesis and its implication in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:580. [PMID: 29784973 PMCID: PMC5962566 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prohibitin (PHB) was originally isolated and characterized as an anti-proliferative gene in rat liver. The evolutionarily conserved PHB gene encodes two human protein isoforms with molecular weights of ~33 kDa, PHB1 and PHB2. PHB1 and PHB2 belong to the prohibitin domain family, and both are widely distributed in different cellular compartments such as the mitochondria, nucleus, and cell membrane. Most studies have confirmed differential expression of PHB1 and PHB2 in cancers compared to corresponding normal tissues. Furthermore, studies verified that PHB1 and PHB2 are involved in the biological processes of tumorigenesis, including cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. Two small molecule inhibitors, Rocaglamide (RocA) and fluorizoline, derived from medicinal plants, were demonstrated to interact directly with PHB1 and thus inhibit the interaction of PHB with Raf-1, impeding Raf-1/ERK signaling cascades and significantly suppressing cancer cell metastasis. In addition, a short peptide ERAP and a natural product xanthohumol were shown to target PHB2 directly and prohibit cancer progression in estrogen-dependent cancers. As more efficient biomarkers and targets are urgently needed for cancer diagnosis and treatment, here we summarize the functional role of prohibitin domain family proteins, focusing on PHB1 and PHB2 in tumorigenesis and cancer development, with the expectation that targeting the prohibitin domain family will offer more clues for cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lomnytska M, Pinto R, Becker S, Engström U, Gustafsson S, Björklund C, Templin M, Bergstrand J, Xu L, Widengren J, Epstein E, Franzén B, Auer G. Platelet protein biomarker panel for ovarian cancer diagnosis. Biomark Res 2018; 6:2. [PMID: 29344361 PMCID: PMC5767003 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-018-0118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets support cancer growth and spread making platelet proteins candidates in the search for biomarkers. METHODS Two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis, Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), Western blot, DigiWest. RESULTS PLS-DA of platelet protein expression in 2D gels suggested differences between the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages III-IV of ovarian cancer, compared to benign adnexal lesions with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 88%. A PLS-DA-based model correctly predicted 7 out of 8 cases of FIGO stages I-II of ovarian cancer after verification by western blot. Receiver-operator curve (ROC) analysis indicated a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 76% at cut-off >0.5 (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.831, p < 0.0001) for detecting these cases. Validation on an independent set of samples by DigiWest with PLS-DA differentiated benign adnexal lesions and ovarian cancer, FIGO stages III-IV, with a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 83%. CONCLUSION We identified a group of platelet protein biomarker candidates that can quantify the differential expression between ovarian cancer cases as compared to benign adnexal lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lomnytska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academical Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rui Pinto
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, W2 1PG, London, England UK
| | - Susanne Becker
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulla Engström
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, Box 595, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sonja Gustafsson
- NeoProteomics AB, Cancer Centre Karolinska, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Markus Templin
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Jan Bergstrand
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lei Xu
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jerker Widengren
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Epstein
- Institute of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Franzén
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- NeoProteomics AB, Cancer Centre Karolinska, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gert Auer
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- NeoProteomics AB, Cancer Centre Karolinska, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang M, Gao CE, Chen WL, Tang YY, Nie JY, Shen LD, Ma X, Chen DD. Opposite response to hypoxia by breast cancer cells between cell proliferation and cell migration: A clue from microRNA expression profile. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:2771-2780. [PMID: 29435003 PMCID: PMC5778814 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of tumors possess the features of hypoxia. It is generally accepted that hypoxia is a negative prognostic factor for cancer. Low levels of oxygen are able to modify basic cell metabolism status. Elucidating the basic response, including cell proliferation and migration, to hypoxia by cancer cells is important for understanding the role of hypoxia in the development of cancer. In the present study, CoCl2 stimulation was used to simulate hypoxia. A microRNA (miRNA/miR) array was used to systematically detect the changes in miRNA expression profiles. Following treatment with CoCl2 for 12 h, 15 miRNAs were markedly upregulated and 10 miRNAs were markedly decreased compared with the control. After 24 h CoCl2 incubation, 15 miRNAs were increased and 3 miRNAs were decreased compared with the control. Among them, 7 miRNAs were upregulated and 2 miRNAs were downregulated at 12 and 24 h following CoCl2 stimulation. The potential roles of these miRNA were reviewed and it was identified that the majority of them are associated with cell proliferation and migration. Additional experiments demonstrated that CoCl2 incubation inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells but promoted cell migration. miR-491 may be a key miRNA for hypoxia-inhibited cell proliferation, as it was identified that hypoxia induced the downregulation of B-cell lymphoma-extra large in a miR-491-dependent manner. As the target of miR-302a, CXCR4 may be a key protein for hypoxia-promoted cell migration. In the present study, it was identified that in the early stage of hypoxia, cell proliferation was inhibited but cell migration was promoted. These results support the hypothesis that hypoxia may be a driving force for tumor cell escape from the primary tumor site to other organs, or other sites of the same organ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Chang-E Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Lin Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Yin Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Yun Nie
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Li-Da Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - De-Dian Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang T, Jiao J, Zhang H, Zhou W, Li Z, Han S, Wang J, Yang X, Huang Q, Wu Z, Yan W, Xiao J. TGF-β induced PAR-1 expression promotes tumor progression and osteoclast differentiation in giant cell tumor of bone. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:1630-1642. [PMID: 28670703 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) has been confirmed as an oncogene in many cancers, the role of PAR-1 in giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone has been rarely reported. The mechanism of PAR-1 in tumor-induced osteoclastogenesis still remains unclear. In the present study, we detected that PAR-1 was significantly upregulated in GCT of bone compared to normal tissues, while TGF-β was also overexpressed in GCT tissues and could promote the expression of PAR-1 in a dose and time dependent manner. Using the luciferase reporter assay, we found that two downstreams of TGF-β, Smad3 and Smad4, could activate the promoter of PAR-1, which might explain the mechanism of TGF-β induced PAR-1 expression. Meanwhile, PAR-1 was also overexpressed in microvesicles from stromal cells of GCT (GCTSCs), and might be transported from GCTSCs to monocytes through microvesicles. In addition, knockout of PAR-1 by TALENs in GCTSCs inhibited tumor growth, angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in GCT in vitro. Using the chick CAM models, we further showed that inhibition of PAR-1 suppressed tumor growth and giant cell formation in vivo. Using microarray assay, we detected a number of genes involved in osteoclastogenesis as the possible downstreams of PAR-1, which may partly explain the mechanism of PAR-1 in GCT. In brief, for the first time, these results reveal an upstream regulatory role of TGF-β in PAR-1 expression, and PAR-1 expression promotes tumor growth, angiogenesis and osteoclast differentiation in GCT of bone. Hence, PAR-1 represents a novel potential therapeutic target for GCT of bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second MilitaryMedical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Jiao
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second MilitaryMedical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second MilitaryMedical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Zhou
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second MilitaryMedical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenxi Li
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second MilitaryMedical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Han
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second MilitaryMedical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second MilitaryMedical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghai Yang
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second MilitaryMedical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Huang
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second MilitaryMedical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second MilitaryMedical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangjun Yan
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second MilitaryMedical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second MilitaryMedical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Recent Progress in Research on the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Thromboembolism: An Old Story with New Perspectives. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6516791. [PMID: 28484717 PMCID: PMC5397627 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6516791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is part of a larger clinicopathological entity, venous thromboembolism. It is also a complex, multifactorial disorder divided into four major disease processes including venous thrombosis, thrombus in transit, acute pulmonary embolism, and pulmonary circulation reconstruction. Even when treated, some patients develop chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. PTE is also a common fatal type of pulmonary vascular disease worldwide, but earlier studies primarily focused on the pathological changes in the blood component of the disease. With contemporary advances in molecular and cellular biology, people are becoming increasingly aware of coagulation pathways, the function of vascular smooth muscle cells, microparticles, and the inflammatory pathways that play key roles in PTE. Combined hypoxia and immune research has revealed that PTE should be regarded as a class of complex diseases caused by multiple factors involving the vascular microenvironment and vascular cell dysfunction.
Collapse
|
14
|
Sakurai Y, Kajimoto K, Harashima H. Anti-angiogenic nanotherapy via active targeting systems to tumors and adipose tissue vasculature. Biomater Sci 2017; 3:1253-65. [PMID: 26261854 DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00113g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sophisticated drug delivery systems (DDS) are required for delivering drugs, especially macromolecules such as nucleic acids or proteins, to their sites of action. Therefore it is a prerequisite that future DDS are designed to selectively target a tissue. In this review, we focus on systems that actively target the vasculature in tumors or adipose tissues. For targeting tumor vasculatur, a new strategy referred to as dual-targeting is proposed that uses a combination of a receptor specific ligand and a cell penetrating peptide, which can induce the synergistic enhancement of tissue selectivity under in vivo conditions. A novel pH-sensitive cationic lipid was designed to enhance the endosomal release of encapsulated compounds such as siRNA as well as to improve the stability in blood circulation after intravenous administration. A cyclic RGD peptide is used as an active targeting ligand. For targeting adipose vasculature, prohibitin, which is expressed on the surface of adipose endothelial cells, was targeted with KGGRAKD peptides on the surface of PEGylated nanoparticles. Prohibitin targeted nanoparticles (PTNP) encapsulating Cytochrome c (CytC) can selectively target adipose vasculature by optimizing the lengths of the PEG linkers and can deliver CytC to adipose endothelial cells. PTNP can successfully induce anti-obese effects as well as apoptosis by delivering CytC to the cytosol in endothelial cells. Unexpectedly, the EPR (enhanced permeability and retention) effect, which is usually observed in tumor tissue, was also observed in the adipose vasculature, especially in obese mice, where PEGylated nanoparticles can pass through the endothelial barriers in adipose tissue. We believe that these achievements in active targeting will allow a greatly expanded use of DDS for nanomedicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sakurai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhong YH, Cheng HZ, Peng H, Tang SC, Wang P. Heat shock factor 2 is associated with the occurrence of lung cancer by enhancing the expression of heat shock proteins. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:5106-5112. [PMID: 28101237 PMCID: PMC5228092 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly lung cancer. Heat shock proteins and their upstream heat shock factors are involved in the occurrence of cancer and have been widely researched. However, the role of heat shock factor 2 (HSF2) in lung cancer remains unclear. In the present study, expression levels of HSF2 in lung cancer tissues from 50 lung cancer patients were detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and 76% (38/50) were upregulated compared with the matched normal tissues. This suggested possible involvement of HSF2 in lung cancer. To additionally investigate the role of HSF2 in lung cancer occurrence, a plasmid encoding HSF2 was constructed. HSF2 was over expressed in normal lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells and lung cancer A549 cells. The results showed that HSF2 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and cell migration in BEAS-2B and A549 cells. Additional experiments showed that the HSF2-induced cell proliferation and cell migration were dependent on induction of HSPs, particularly HSP27 and HSP90, as co-transfection of HSP27 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or HSP90 siRNA attenuated HSF2-induced cell growth and migration. In conclusion, the present study showed that HSF2 is aberrantly expressed in lung cancer, and it may be an upstream regulator of HSPs, which may strongly affect cell growth and cell migration. Additional studies are required to explain the detailed mechanism between lung cancer, HSF2, HSPs and other possible signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hua Zhong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China; Cadres Treatment Section, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 510032, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Zhong Cheng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China; Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 510032, P.R. China
| | - Hao Peng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China; Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 510032, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Cong Tang
- Cadres Health Care, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China; Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 510032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Johnson GR, Li J, Shariff A, Rohde GK, Murphy RF. Automated Learning of Subcellular Variation among Punctate Protein Patterns and a Generative Model of Their Relation to Microtubules. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004614. [PMID: 26624011 PMCID: PMC4704559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the spatial distribution of proteins directly from microscopy images is a difficult problem with numerous applications in cell biology (e.g. identifying motor-related proteins) and clinical research (e.g. identification of cancer biomarkers). Here we describe the design of a system that provides automated analysis of punctate protein patterns in microscope images, including quantification of their relationships to microtubules. We constructed the system using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy images from the Human Protein Atlas project for 11 punctate proteins in three cultured cell lines. These proteins have previously been characterized as being primarily located in punctate structures, but their images had all been annotated by visual examination as being simply "vesicular". We were able to show that these patterns could be distinguished from each other with high accuracy, and we were able to assign to one of these subclasses hundreds of proteins whose subcellular localization had not previously been well defined. In addition to providing these novel annotations, we built a generative approach to modeling of punctate distributions that captures the essential characteristics of the distinct patterns. Such models are expected to be valuable for representing and summarizing each pattern and for constructing systems biology simulations of cell behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R. Johnson
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Bioimage Informatics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jieyue Li
- Center for Bioimage Informatics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Aabid Shariff
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Bioimage Informatics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gustavo K. Rohde
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Bioimage Informatics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert F. Murphy
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Bioimage Informatics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Machine Learning, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Faculty of Biology and Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang Y. Why do we study animal toxins? DONG WU XUE YAN JIU = ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2015; 36:183-222. [PMID: 26228472 PMCID: PMC4790257 DOI: 10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2015.4.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Venom (toxins) is an important trait evolved along the evolutionary tree of animals. Our knowledges on venoms, such as their origins and loss, the biological relevance and the coevolutionary patterns with other organisms are greatly helpful in understanding many fundamental biological questions, i.e., the environmental adaptation and survival competition, the evolution shaped development and balance of venoms, and the sophisticated correlations among venom, immunity, body power, intelligence, their genetic basis, inherent association, as well as the cost-benefit and trade-offs of biological economy. Lethal animal envenomation can be found worldwide. However, from foe to friend, toxin studies have led lots of important discoveries and exciting avenues in deciphering and fighting human diseases, including the works awarded the Nobel Prize and lots of key clinic therapeutics. According to our survey, so far, only less than 0.1% of the toxins of the venomous animals in China have been explored. We emphasize on the similarities shared by venom and immune systems, as well as the studies of toxin knowledge-based physiological toxin-like proteins/peptides (TLPs). We propose the natural pairing hypothesis. Evolution links toxins with humans. Our mission is to find out the right natural pairings and interactions of our body elements with toxins, and with endogenous toxin-like molecules. Although, in nature, toxins may endanger human lives, but from a philosophical point of view, knowing them well is an effective way to better understand ourselves. So, this is why we study toxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Prohibitin: A Novel Molecular Player in KDEL Receptor Signalling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:319454. [PMID: 26064897 PMCID: PMC4442004 DOI: 10.1155/2015/319454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The KDEL receptor (KDELR) is a seven-transmembrane-domain protein involved in retrograde transport of protein chaperones from the Golgi complex to the endoplasmic reticulum. Our recent findings have shown that the Golgi-localised KDELR acts as a functional G-protein-coupled receptor by binding to and activating Gs and Gq. These G proteins induce activation of PKA and Src and regulate retrograde and anterograde Golgi trafficking. Here we used an integrated coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry approach to identify prohibitin-1 (PHB) as a KDELR interactor. PHB is a multifunctional protein that is involved in signal transduction, cell-cycle control, and stabilisation of mitochondrial proteins. We provide evidence that depletion of PHB induces intense membrane-trafficking activity at the ER–Golgi interface, as revealed by formation of GM130-positive Golgi tubules, and recruitment of p115, β-COP, and GBF1 to the Golgi complex. There is also massive recruitment of SEC31 to endoplasmic-reticulum exit sites. Furthermore, absence of PHB decreases the levels of the Golgi-localised KDELR, thus preventing KDELR-dependent activation of Golgi-Src and inhibiting Golgi-to-plasma-membrane transport of VSVG. We propose a model whereby in analogy to previous findings (e.g., the RAS-RAF signalling pathway), PHB can act as a signalling scaffold protein to assist in KDELR-dependent Src activation.
Collapse
|