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Zhou Q, Tu X, Hou X, Yu J, Zhao F, Huang J, Kloeber J, Olson A, Gao M, Luo K, Zhu S, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Sun C, Zeng X, Schoolmeester KJ, Weroha JS, Hu X, Jiang Y, Wang L, Mutter RW, Lou Z. Syk-dependent homologous recombination activation promotes cancer resistance to DNA targeted therapy. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 74:101085. [PMID: 38636338 PMCID: PMC11095636 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Enhanced DNA repair is an important mechanism of inherent and acquired resistance to DNA targeted therapies, including poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibition. Spleen associated tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase acknowledged for its regulatory roles in immune cell function, cell adhesion, and vascular development. This study presents evidence indicating that Syk expression in high-grade serous ovarian cancer and triple-negative breast cancers promotes DNA double-strand break resection, homologous recombination (HR), and subsequent therapeutic resistance. Our investigations reveal that Syk is activated by ATM following DNA damage and is recruited to DNA double-strand breaks by NBS1. Once localized to the break site, Syk phosphorylates CtIP, a pivotal mediator of resection and HR, at Thr-847 to promote repair activity, particularly in Syk-expressing cancer cells. Inhibition of Syk or its genetic deletion impedes CtIP Thr-847 phosphorylation and overcomes the resistant phenotype. Collectively, our findings suggest a model wherein Syk fosters therapeutic resistance by promoting DNA resection and HR through a hitherto uncharacterized ATM-Syk-CtIP pathway. Moreover, Syk emerges as a promising tumor-specific target to sensitize Syk-expressing tumors to PARP inhibitors, radiation and other DNA-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Xinyi Tu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Xiaonan Hou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Jinzhou Huang
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Jake Kloeber
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Anna Olson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Kuntian Luo
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Shouhai Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Zheming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Chenyu Sun
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, IL 60657, United States
| | - Xiangyu Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | | | - John S Weroha
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Xiwen Hu
- Nursing Department, Rochester Community and Technical College, Rochester, MN 55904, United States
| | - Yanxia Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Robert W Mutter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.
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2
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Ali T, Anjum F, Choudhury A, Shafie A, Ashour AA, Almalki A, Mohammad T, Hassan MI. Identification of natural product-based effective inhibitors of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) through virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:3459-3471. [PMID: 37261484 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2218938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that plays an essential role in signal transduction across different cell types. In the context of allergy and autoimmune disorders, it is a crucial regulator of immune receptor signaling in inflammatory cells such as B cells, mast cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. Developing SYK kinase inhibitors has gained significant interest for potential therapeutic applications in neurological and cancer-related conditions. The clinical use of the most advanced SYK inhibitor, Fostamatinib, has been limited due to its unwanted side effects. Thus, a more targeted approach to SYK inhibition would provide a more comprehensive treatment window. In this study, we used a virtual screening approach to identify potential SYK inhibitors from natural compounds from the IMPPAT database. We identified two compounds, Isolysergic acid and Michelanugine, which showed strong affinity and specificity for the SYK binding pocket. All-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were also performed to explore the stability, conformational changes, and interaction mechanism of SYK in complexes with the identified compounds. The identified compounds might have the potential to be developed into promising SYK inhibitors for the treatment of various diseases, including autoimmune disorders, cancer, and inflammatory diseases. This work aims to identify potential phytochemicals to develop a new protein kinase inhibitor for treating advanced malignancies by providing an updated understanding of the role of SYK.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tufail Ali
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Farah Anjum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arunabh Choudhury
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Alaa Shafie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Adnan Ashour
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulraheem Almalki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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3
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Tan G, Zheng S, Zhou B, Mo Z, Zhang Q, Zhang D, Li A, Liu X. Spleen tyrosine kinase facilitates the progression of papillary thyroid cancer regulated by the hsa_circ_0006417/miR-377-3p axis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:421-434. [PMID: 37792549 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is a prevalent malignancy worldwide. Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a crucial enzyme that participates in various biological processes, including cancer progression. This study aims to uncover the biological function of SYK in PTC. SYK expression patterns in PTC were evaluated using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and western blot. Cell function assays were performed to assess the effects of SYK on PTC. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify intriguing microRNA (miRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA). Dual-Luciferase Reporter or RNA immunoprecipitation assays were used to investigate the correlation among SYK, miR-377-3p, and hsa_circ_0006417. SYK was upregulated in PTC. Overexpression of SYK exhibited a positive correlation with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and unfavorable disease-free survival. Functional assays revealed that SYK exerted tumorigenic effect on PTC cells through mTOR/4E-BP1 pathway. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0006417 and miR-377-3p regulated SYK expression, offering modulating its tumor-promoting effects. Collectively, SYK acts as an oncogene in PTC through mTOR/4E-BP1 pathway, which is regulated by the hsa_circ_0006417/miR-377-3p axis, thereby providing a potential alternative for PTC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmou Tan
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyang Zheng
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boxuan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaohong Mo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aimin Li
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Wang Q, Lin B, Wei H, Wang X, Nie X, Shi Y. AQP3 Promotes the Invasion and Metastasis in Cervical Cancer by Regulating NOX4-derived H 2O 2 Activation of Syk/PI3K/Akt Signaling Axis. J Cancer 2024; 15:1124-1137. [PMID: 38230207 PMCID: PMC10788729 DOI: 10.7150/jca.91360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Unrestrained chronic inflammation leads to the abnormal activity of NOX4 and the subsequent production of excessive hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Excessive H2O2 signaling triggered by prolonged inflammation is thought to be one of the important reasons for the progression of some types of cancer including cervical cancer. Aquaporin 3 (AQP3) is a member of the water channel protein family, and it remains unknown whether AQP3 can regulate the transmembrane transport of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 4 (NOX4)-derived H2O2 induced by the stimulation of inflammatory factors to facilitate the malignant progression in cervical cancer. In this study, cervical cancer HeLa cell line was respectively treated with diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) or lentivirus-shRNA- AQP3. Plate cloning, cell migration or transwell invasion assays, etc. were performed to detect the invasive and migration ability of the cells. Western blot and CO-IP were used to analyze the mechanism of AQP3 regulating H2O2 conduction. Finally, in vivo assays were performed for validation in nude mice. AQP3 Knockdown, DPI or NAC treatments all reduced intracellular H2O2 influx, and the activation of Syk/PI3K/Akt signal axis was inhibited, the migration and invasive ability of the cells was attenuated. In vivo assays confirmed that the excessive H2O2 transport through AQP3 enhanced the infiltration and metastasis of cervical cancer. These results suggest that AQP3 activates H2O2/Syk/PI3K/Akt signaling axis through regulating NOX4-derived H2O2 transport to contribute to the progression of cervical cancer, and AQP3 may be a potential target for the clinical treatment of advanced cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, China
| | - Bingjie Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, China
| | - Hongjian Wei
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, China
| | - Xiaojing Nie
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Endemic Diseases, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, China
| | - Yonghua Shi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Endemic Diseases, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, China
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5
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Crowley HM, Georgantzoglou N, Tse JY, Williams EA, Mata DA, Martin SS, Guitart J, Bridge JA, Linos K. Expanding Our Knowledge of Molecular Pathogenesis in Histiocytoses: Solitary Soft Tissue Histiocytomas in Children With a Novel CLTC::SYK Fusion. Am J Surg Pathol 2023; 47:1108-1115. [PMID: 37522373 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The histiocytoses comprise a histopathologically and clinically diverse group of disorders bearing recurrent genomic alterations, commonly involving the BRAF gene and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. In the current study, a novel CLTC :: SYK fusion in 3 cases of a histopathologically distinct histiocytic neoplasm arising as solitary soft tissue lesions in children identified by next-generation sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization is described. Morphologically, all 3 neoplasms were composed of sheets of cells with round-oval nuclei and vacuolated eosinophilic cytoplasm but, in contrast to classic juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG), Touton giant cells were absent. A separate cohort of classic JXG cases subsequently profiled by fluorescence in situ hybridization were negative for the presence of a CLTC::SYK fusion suggesting that CLTC::SYK fusion-positive histiocytoma is genetically and histologically distinct from JXG. We postulate that the CLTC::SYK fusion leads to aberrant activation of the SYK kinase, which is involved in variable pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase. The identification of a novel CLTC::SYK fusion may pave the way for the development of targeted therapeutic options for aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena M Crowley
- Division of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University of Maryland Children's Hospital
| | - Natalia Georgantzoglou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | | | | | | | - Stuart S Martin
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joan Guitart
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Julia A Bridge
- Division of Molecular Pathology, ProPath, Dallas, TX
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Konstantinos Linos
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Yadav M, Uikey BN, Rathore SS, Gupta P, Kashyap D, Kumar C, Shukla D, Vijayamahantesh, Chandel AS, Ahirwar B, Singh AK, Suman SS, Priyadarshi A, Amit A. Role of cytokine in malignant T-cell metabolism and subsequent alternation in T-cell tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1235711. [PMID: 37746258 PMCID: PMC10513393 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1235711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are an important component of adaptive immunity and T-cell-derived lymphomas are very complex due to many functional sub-types and functional elasticity of T-cells. As with other tumors, tissues specific factors are crucial in the development of T-cell lymphomas. In addition to neoplastic cells, T- cell lymphomas consist of a tumor micro-environment composed of normal cells and stroma. Numerous studies established the qualitative and quantitative differences between the tumor microenvironment and normal cell surroundings. Interaction between the various component of the tumor microenvironment is crucial since tumor cells can change the microenvironment and vice versa. In normal T-cell development, T-cells must respond to various stimulants deferentially and during these courses of adaptation. T-cells undergo various metabolic alterations. From the stage of quiescence to attention of fully active form T-cells undergoes various stage in terms of metabolic activity. Predominantly quiescent T-cells have ATP-generating metabolism while during the proliferative stage, their metabolism tilted towards the growth-promoting pathways. In addition to this, a functionally different subset of T-cells requires to activate the different metabolic pathways, and consequently, this regulation of the metabolic pathway control activation and function of T-cells. So, it is obvious that dynamic, and well-regulated metabolic pathways are important for the normal functioning of T-cells and their interaction with the microenvironment. There are various cell signaling mechanisms of metabolism are involved in this regulation and more and more studies have suggested the involvement of additional signaling in the development of the overall metabolic phenotype of T cells. These important signaling mediators include cytokines and hormones. The impact and role of these mediators especially the cytokines on the interplay between T-cell metabolism and the interaction of T-cells with their micro-environments in the context of T-cells lymphomas are discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Yadav
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Blessi N. Uikey
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | | | - Priyanka Gupta
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Diksha Kashyap
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Chanchal Kumar
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Dhananjay Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Vijayamahantesh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Arvind Singh Chandel
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Bharti Ahirwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | | | - Shashi Shekhar Suman
- Department of Zoology, Udayana Charya (UR) College, Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga, India
| | - Amit Priyadarshi
- Department of Zoology, Veer Kunwar Singh University, Arrah, India
| | - Ajay Amit
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
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7
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Lefebvre C, Pellizzari S, Bhat V, Jurcic K, Litchfield DW, Allan AL. Involvement of the AKT Pathway in Resistance to Erlotinib and Cabozantinib in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2406. [PMID: 37760847 PMCID: PMC10525382 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) presents a significant challenge in therapeutic target development for cancers such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), where conventional therapies are ineffective at combatting systemic disease. Due to increased expression, the receptor tyrosine kinases EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and c-Met are potential targets for treatment. However, targeted anti-EGFR and anti-c-Met therapies have faced mixed results in clinical trials due to acquired resistance. We hypothesize that adaptive responses in regulatory kinase networks within the EGFR and c-Met signaling axes contribute to the development of acquired erlotinib and cabozantinib resistance. To test this, we developed two separate models for cabozantinib and erlotinib resistance using the MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines, respectively. We observed that erlotinib- or cabozantinib-resistant cell lines demonstrate enhanced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and activation of EGFR or c-Met downstream signaling (respectively). Using a SILAC (Stable Isotope Labeling of Amino acids in Cell Culture)-labeled quantitative mass spectrometry proteomics approach, we assessed the effects of erlotinib or cabozantinib resistance on the phosphoproteome, proteome, and kinome. Using this integrated proteomics approach, we identified several potential kinase mediators of cabozantinib resistance and confirmed the contribution of AKT1 to erlotinib resistance in TNBC-resistant cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Lefebvre
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (C.L.); (S.P.); (V.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Sierra Pellizzari
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (C.L.); (S.P.); (V.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Vasudeva Bhat
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (C.L.); (S.P.); (V.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Kristina Jurcic
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (K.J.); (D.W.L.)
| | - David W. Litchfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (K.J.); (D.W.L.)
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Alison L. Allan
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (C.L.); (S.P.); (V.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
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8
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Zhou Q, Tu X, Hou X, Yu J, Zhao F, Huang J, Kloeber J, Olson A, Gao M, Luo K, Zhu S, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Sun C, Zeng X, Schoolmeester K, Weroha J, Wang L, Mutter R, Lou Z. Syk-dependent alternative homologous recombination activation promotes cancer resistance to DNA targeted therapy. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2922520. [PMID: 37333340 PMCID: PMC10275042 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2922520/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced DNA repair is an important mechanism of inherent and acquired resistance to DNA targeted therapies, including poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibition. Spleen associated tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase known to regulate immune cell function, cell adhesion, and vascular development. Here, we report that Syk can be expressed in high grade serous ovarian cancer and triple negative breast cancers and promotes DNA double strand break resection, homologous recombination (HR) and therapeutic resistance. We found that Syk is activated by ATM following DNA damage and is recruited to DNA double strand breaks by NBS1. Once at the break site, Syk phosphorylates CtIP, a key mediator of resection and HR, at Thr-847 to promote repair activity, specifically in Syk expressing cancer cells. Syk inhibition or genetic deletion abolished CtIP Thr-847 phosphorylation and overcame the resistant phenotype. Collectively, our findings suggest that Syk drives therapeutic resistance by promoting DNA resection and HR through a novel ATM-Syk-CtIP pathway, and that Syk is a new tumor-specific target to sensitize Syk-expressing tumors to PARPi and other DNA targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic
| | - Xinyi Tu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic
| | | | - Jia Yu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic
| | | | | | | | - Ming Gao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic
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9
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Rohila D, Park IH, Pham TV, Jones R, Tapia E, Liu KX, Tamayo P, Yu A, Sharabi AB, Joshi S. Targeting macrophage Syk enhances responses to immune checkpoint blockade and radiotherapy in high-risk neuroblastoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1148317. [PMID: 37350973 PMCID: PMC10283071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma (NB) is considered an immunologically cold tumor and is usually less responsive to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are highly infiltrated in NB tumors and promote immune escape and resistance to ICB. Hence therapeutic strategies targeting immunosuppressive TAMs can improve responses to ICB in NB. We recently discovered that spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) reprograms TAMs toward an immunostimulatory phenotype and enhances T-cell responses in the lung adenocarcinoma model. Here we investigated if Syk is an immune-oncology target in NB and tested whether a novel immunotherapeutic approach utilizing Syk inhibitor together with radiation and ICB could provide a durable anti-tumor immune response in an MYCN amplified murine model of NB. Methods Myeloid Syk KO mice and syngeneic MYCN-amplified cell lines were used to elucidate the effect of myeloid Syk on the NB tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition, the effect of Syk inhibitor, R788, on anti-tumor immunity alone or in combination with anti-PDL1 mAb and radiation was also determined in murine NB models. The underlying mechanism of action of this novel therapeutic combination was also investigated. Results Herein, we report that Syk is a marker of NB-associated macrophages and plays a crucial role in promoting immunosuppression in the NB TME. We found that the blockade of Syk in NB-bearing mice markedly impairs tumor growth. This effect is facilitated by macrophages that become immunogenic in the absence of Syk, skewing the suppressive TME towards immunostimulation and activating anti-tumor immune responses. Moreover, combining FDA-approved Syk inhibitor, R788 (fostamatinib) along with anti-PDL1 mAb provides a synergistic effect leading to complete tumor regression and durable anti-tumor immunity in mice bearing small tumors (50 mm3) but not larger tumors (250 mm3). However, combining radiation to R788 and anti-PDL1 mAb prolongs the survival of mice bearing large NB9464 tumors. Conclusion Collectively, our findings demonstrate the central role of macrophage Syk in NB progression and demonstrate that Syk blockade can "reeducate" TAMs towards immunostimulatory phenotype, leading to enhanced T cell responses. These findings further support the clinical evaluation of fostamatinib alone or with radiation and ICB, as a novel therapeutic intervention in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Rohila
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - In Hwan Park
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Timothy V. Pham
- Office of Cancer Genomics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Riley Jones
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Elisabette Tapia
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kevin X. Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pablo Tamayo
- Office of Cancer Genomics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Alice Yu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Andrew B. Sharabi
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Shweta Joshi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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10
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Huang DY, Lu ST, Chen YS, Cheng CY, Lin WW. Epigenetic upregulation of spleen tyrosine kinase in cancer cells through p53-dependent downregulation of DNA methyltransferase. Exp Cell Res 2023; 425:113540. [PMID: 36889573 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Syk is a tumor suppressor gene in some solid tumors. Currently, it remains unknown how Syk gene hypermethylation is controlled by DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and p53. In colorectal cancer HCT116 cells, we found that protein and mRNA levels of Syk were much higher in WT than in p53-/- cells. Both p53 inhibitor PFT-α and p53 silencing can reduce the protein and mRNA expression of Syk in WT cells, while DNMT inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-dC can increase Syk expression in p53-/- cells. Interestingly, the DNMT expression in p53-/- HCT116 cells was higher than that in WT cells. PFT-α can not only enhance Syk gene methylation but also increase DNMT1 protein and mRNA levels in WT HCT116 cells. In metastatic lung cancer cell lines A549 and PC9, which express WT p53 and gain function of p53, respectively, PFT-α can also downregulate Syk mRNA and protein expression. However, the Syk methylation level was increased by PFT-α in A549 but not in PC9 cells. Likewise, 5-Aza-2'-dC transcriptionally increased Syk gene expression in A549 cells, but not in PC9 cells. In summary methylation of Syk promoter requires DNMT1, and p53 can upregulate Syk expression via downregulation of DNMT1 at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duen-Yi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Te Lu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Shen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu, 64041, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Wan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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11
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Karmali R, St-Pierre F, Gordon LI. The SYK inhibitor: a novel agent for improved outcomes in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Future Oncol 2023; 19:737-738. [PMID: 37128997 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Karmali
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Frederique St-Pierre
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Leo I Gordon
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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12
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Li C, Watson K, Wang S, Diderichsen PM, Gupta N. Population Pharmacokinetics of Mivavotinib (TAK-659), a Dual Spleen Tyrosine Kinase and FMS-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 Inhibitor, in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors or Hematologic Malignancies. J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 63:326-337. [PMID: 36309821 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mivavotinib (TAK-659), an orally administered, small-molecule, dual inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (SYK/FLT3), is under development for the treatment of patients with advanced malignancies. In this analysis, we evaluated the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of mivavotinib and its sources of variability (covariates) in adult patients with advanced solid tumors, or relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas or acute myeloid leukemia, using pooled data from 159 patients enrolled in 2 phase 1/2 clinical studies. A 2-compartment model with first-order linear elimination and a first-order absorption rate (and associated lag time) adequately described the PK of mivavotinib in this patient population. The population estimates of apparent clearance (CL/F) and apparent central compartment volume (Vc /F) were 31.6 L/h and 893 L, respectively, resulting in a half-life of ≈20 hours. In the final model, creatinine clearance was included as a covariate of CL/F, and sex as a covariate of Vc /F. Simulations showed that steady-state exposure to mivavotinib increased with decreasing renal function. Expanding eligibility by enrolling patients with moderate renal impairment in phase 1 increased the diversity of patients in early trials and allowed the model to inform dose adjustment in patients with moderate renal impairment in future trials. In addition, simulations showed median steady-state trough concentration of mivavotinib following 70 mg twice daily and 160 mg daily dosing to be commensurate with 100 ng/mL, the level leading to >90% FLT3 inhibition per ex vivo plasma immune assays and considered a potential exposure threshold required for FLT3-driven efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Li
- Takeda Development Center Americas (TDCA), Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Shining Wang
- Takeda Development Center Americas (TDCA), Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Neeraj Gupta
- Takeda Development Center Americas (TDCA), Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Li K, Huo Q, Li BY, Yokota H. The Double-Edged Proteins in Cancer Proteomes and the Generation of Induced Tumor-Suppressing Cells (iTSCs). Proteomes 2023; 11:proteomes11010005. [PMID: 36810561 PMCID: PMC9944087 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike a prevalent expectation that tumor cells secrete tumor-promoting proteins and stimulate the progression of neighboring tumor cells, accumulating evidence indicates that the role of tumor-secreted proteins is double-edged and context-dependent. Some of the oncogenic proteins in the cytoplasm and cell membranes, which are considered to promote the proliferation and migration of tumor cells, may inversely act as tumor-suppressing proteins in the extracellular domain. Furthermore, the action of tumor-secreted proteins by aggressive "super-fit" tumor cells can be different from those derived from "less-fit" tumor cells. Tumor cells that are exposed to chemotherapeutic agents could alter their secretory proteomes. Super-fit tumor cells tend to secrete tumor-suppressing proteins, while less-fit or chemotherapeutic agent-treated tumor cells may secrete tumor-promotive proteomes. Interestingly, proteomes derived from nontumor cells such as mesenchymal stem cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells mostly share common features with tumor cell-derived proteomes in response to certain signals. This review introduces the double-sided functions of tumor-secreted proteins and describes the proposed underlying mechanism, which would possibly be based on cell competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Qingji Huo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Bai-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- Correspondence: (B.-Y.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Correspondence: (B.-Y.L.); (H.Y.)
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Identifying Immune-Specific Subtypes of Adrenocortical Carcinoma Based on Immunogenomic Profiling. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010104. [PMID: 36671489 PMCID: PMC9855412 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is heterogeneous. However, a classification of ACC based on the TIME remains unexplored. METHODS We hierarchically clustered ACC based on the enrichment levels of twenty-three immune signatures to identify its immune-specific subtypes. Furthermore, we comprehensively compared the clinical and molecular profiles between the subtypes. RESULTS We identified two immune-specific subtypes of ACC: Immunity-H and Immunity-L, which had high and low immune signature scores, respectively. We demonstrated that this subtyping method was stable and reproducible by analyzing five different ACC cohorts. Compared with Immunity-H, Immunity-L had lower levels of immune cell infiltration, worse overall and disease-free survival prognosis, and higher tumor stemness, genomic instability, proliferation potential, and intratumor heterogeneity. Furthermore, the ACC driver gene CTNNB1 was more frequently mutated in Immunity-L than in Immunity-H. Several proteins, such as mTOR, ERCC1, Akt, ACC1, Cyclin_E1, β-catenin, FASN, and GAPDH, were more highly expressed in Immunity-L than in Immunity-H. In contrast, p53, Syk, Lck, PREX1, and MAPK were more highly expressed in Immunity-H. Pathway and gene ontology analysis showed that the immune, stromal, and apoptosis pathways were highly enriched in Immunity-H, while the cell cycle, steroid biosynthesis, and DNA damage repair pathways were highly enriched in Immunity-L. CONCLUSIONS ACC can be classified into two stable immune-related subtypes, which have significantly different antitumor responses, molecular characteristics, and clinical outcomes. This subtyping may provide clinical implications for prognostic and immunotherapeutic stratification of ACC.
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15
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Li SW, Han LF, He Y, Wang XS. Immunological classification of hepatitis B virus-positive hepatocellular carcinoma by transcriptome analysis. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1997-2011. [PMID: 36618328 PMCID: PMC9813842 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i12.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major factor responsible for HBV+ hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
AIM An immunological classification of HBV+ HCC may provide both biological insights and clinical implications for this disease.
METHODS Based on the enrichment of 23 immune signatures, we identified two immune-specific subtypes (Imm-H and Imm-L) of HBV+ HCC by unsupervised clustering. We showed that this subtyping method was reproducible and predictable by analyzing three different datasets.
RESULTS Compared to Imm-L, Imm-H displayed stronger immunity, more stromal components, lower tumor purity, lower stemness and intratumor heterogeneity, lower-level copy number alterations, higher global methylation level, and better overall and disease-free survival prognosis. Besides immune-related pathways, stromal pathways (ECM receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton) and neuro-related pathways (neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, and prion diseases) were more highly enriched in Imm-H than in Imm-L. We identified nine proteins differentially expressed between Imm-H and Imm-L, of which MYH11, PDCD4, Dvl3, and Syk were upregulated in Imm-H, while PCNA, Acetyl-a-Tubulin-Lys40, ER-α_pS118, Cyclin E2, and β-Catenin were upregulated in Imm-L.
CONCLUSION Our data suggest that “hot” tumors have a better prognosis than “cold” tumors in HBV+ HCC and that “hot” tumors respond better to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wei Li
- Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Fan Han
- Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yin He
- Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Wang
- Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu Province, China
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16
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Heterogeneity of Patient-Derived Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Subjected to SYK In Vitro Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314706. [PMID: 36499034 PMCID: PMC9737311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological malignancy with a dismal prognosis. The cytoplasmic spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is highly expressed by hematopoietic cells and has emerged as a potential therapeutic target. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro antileukemic effects of five SYK inhibitors, fostamatinib, entospletinib, cerdulatinib, TAK-659, and RO9021, in a consecutive AML patient cohort. All inhibitors demonstrated a concentration-dependent antiproliferative effect, although there was considerable heterogeneity among patients. For fostamatinib and TAK-659, the antiproliferative effects were significantly higher in FLT3 mutated patients compared to nonmutated patients. Fostamatinib, entospletinib, TAK-659, and RO9021 induced significant apoptosis in primary AML cells, although the proapoptotic effects of the SYK inhibitors were less pronounced than the antiproliferative effects. Finally, most of the SYK inhibitors caused a significant decrease in the release of cytokines and chemokines from primary AML cells, indicating a potent inhibitory effect on the release of these leukemic signaling molecules. We concluded that the SYK inhibitors had antileukemic effects in AML, although larger studies are strongly needed to identify which patient subsets will benefit most from such a treatment.
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17
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Kling MJ, Kesherwani V, Mishra NK, Alexander G, McIntyre EM, Ray S, Challagundla KB, Joshi SS, Coulter DW, Chaturvedi NK. A novel dual epigenetic approach targeting BET proteins and HDACs in Group 3 (MYC-driven) Medulloblastoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:321. [DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02530-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Medulloblastoma (MB) patients with MYC oncogene amplification or overexpression exhibit extremely poor clinical outcomes and respond poorly to current therapies. Epigenetic deregulation is very common in MYC-driven MB. The bromodomain extra-terminal (BET) proteins and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetic regulators of MYC transcription and its associated tumorigenic programs. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of inhibiting the BET proteins and HDACs together in MB.
Methods
Using clinically relevant BET inhibitors (JQ1 or OTX015) and a pan-HDAC inhibitor (panobinostat), we evaluated the effects of combined inhibition on cell growth/survival in MYC-amplified MB cell lines and xenografts and examined underlying molecular mechanism(s).
Results
Co-treatment of JQ1 or OTX015 with panobinostat synergistically suppressed growth/survival of MYC-amplified MB cells by inducing G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Mechanistic investigation using RNA-seq revealed that co-treatment of JQ1 with panobinostat synergistically modulated global gene expression including MYC/HDAC targets. SYK and MSI1 oncogenes were among the top 50 genes synergistically downregulated by JQ1 and panobinostat. RT-PCR and western blot analyses confirmed that JQ1 and panobinostat synergistically inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of MSI1/SYK along with MYC expression. Reduced SYK/MSI expression after BET (specifically, BRD4) gene-knockdown further confirmed the epigenetic regulation of SYK and MSI1 genes. In addition, the combination of OTX015 and panobinostat significantly inhibited tumor growth in MYC-amplified MB xenografted mice by downregulating expression of MYC, compared to single-agent therapy.
Conclusions
Together, our findings demonstrated that dual-inhibition of BET and HDAC proteins of the epigenetic pathway can be a novel therapeutic approach against MYC-driven MB.
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18
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Shen Q, He Y, Qian J, Wang X. Identifying tumor immunity-associated molecular features in liver hepatocellular carcinoma by multi-omics analysis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:960457. [PMID: 36339710 PMCID: PMC9632276 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.960457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although current immunotherapies have achieved some successes for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, their benefits are limited for most HCC patients. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers for promoting immunotherapeutic responses in HCC is urgently needed. Methods: Using the TCGA HCC cohort, we investigated correlations of various molecular features with antitumor immune signatures (CD8+ T cell infiltration and cytolytic activity) and an immunosuppressive signature (PD-L1 expression) in HCC. These molecular features included mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), proteins, and pathways. Results: We found that the mutations of several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes significantly correlated with reduced antitumor immune signatures, including TTN, CTNNB1, RB1, ZFHX4, and TP53. It indicates that these genes’ mutations may inhibit antitumor immune responses in HCC. Four proteins (Syk, Lck, STAT5, and Caspase-7) had significant positive expression correlations with CD8+ T cell enrichment, cytolytic activity, and PD-L1 expression in HCC. It suggests that these proteins’ expression could be useful biomarkers for the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors Similiarly, we identified other types of biomarkers potentially useful for predicting the response to ICIs, including miRNAs (hsa-miR-511-5p, 150-3p, 342-3p, 181a-3p, 625-5p, 4772-3p, 155-3p, 142-5p, 142-3p, 155-5p, 625-3p, 1976, 7702), many lncRNAs, and pathways (apoptosis, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Jak-STAT signaling, MAPK signaling, PI3K-AKT signaling, HIF-1 signaling, ECM receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and estrogen signaling). Further, tumor mutation burden showed no significant correlation with antitumor immunity, while tumor aneuploidy levels showed a significant negative correlation with antitumor immunity. Conclusion: The molecular features significantly associated with HCC immunity could be predictive biomarkers for immunotherapeutic responses in HCC patients. They could also be potential intervention targets for boosting antitumor immunity and immunotherapeutic responses in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin He
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajie Qian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaosheng Wang,
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19
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Song G, Luo J, Zou S, Lou F, Zhang T, Zhu X, Yang J, Wang X. Molecular classification of human papillomavirus-positive cervical cancers based on immune signature enrichment. Front Public Health 2022; 10:979933. [PMID: 36203656 PMCID: PMC9531689 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.979933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus-positive (HPV+) cervical cancers are highly heterogeneous in clinical and molecular characteristics. Thus, an investigation into their heterogeneous immunological profiles is meaningful in providing both biological and clinical insights into this disease. Methods Based on the enrichment of 29 immune signatures, we discovered immune subtypes of HPV+ cervical cancers by hierarchical clustering. To explore whether this subtyping method is reproducible, we analyzed three bulk and one single cell transcriptomic datasets. We also compared clinical and molecular characteristics between the immune subtypes. Results Clustering analysis identified two immune subtypes of HPV+ cervical cancers: Immunity-H and Immunity-L, consistent in the four datasets. In comparisons with Immunity-L, Immunity-H displayed stronger immunity, more stromal contents, lower tumor purity, proliferation potential, intratumor heterogeneity and stemness, higher tumor mutation burden, more neoantigens, lower levels of copy number alterations, lower DNA repair activity, as well as better overall survival prognosis. Certain genes, such as MUC17, PCLO, and GOLGB1, showed significantly higher mutation rates in Immunity-L than in Immunity-H. 16 proteins were significantly upregulated in Immunity-H vs. Immunity-L, including Caspase-7, PREX1, Lck, C-Raf, PI3K-p85, Syk, 14-3-3_epsilon, STAT5-α, GATA3, Src_pY416, NDRG1_pT346, Notch1, PDK1_pS241, Bim, NF-kB-p65_pS536, and p53. Pathway analysis identified numerous immune-related pathways more highly enriched in Immunity-H vs. Immunity-L, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, antigen processing and presentation, T/B cell receptor signaling, chemokine signaling, supporting the stronger antitumor immunity in Immunity-H vs. Immunity-L. Conclusion HPV+ cervical cancers are divided into two subgroups based on their immune signatures' enrichment. Both subgroups have markedly different tumor immunity, progression phenotypes, genomic features, and clinical outcomes. Our data offer novel perception in the tumor biology as well as clinical implications for HPV+ cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Song
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangti Luo
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaohan Zou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Lou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianfang Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jianhua Yang
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,Xiaosheng Wang
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20
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Denis V, Cassagnard N, Del Rio M, Cornillot E, Bec N, Larroque C, Jeanson L, Jarlier M, Combès E, Robert B, Gongora C, Martineau P, Dariavach P. Targeting the splicing isoforms of spleen tyrosine kinase affects the viability of colorectal cancer cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274390. [PMID: 36103569 PMCID: PMC9473616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) expression have been both positively and negatively associated with tumorigenesis. Our goal was to evaluate the contribution of Syk and its two splice variants, full length Syk (L) and short isoform Syk (S), in the tumor biology of colorectal cancer cells (CRC). The analysis of Syk expression in primary human colorectal tumors, as well as the analysis of TCGA database, revealed a high Syk mRNA expression score in colorectal cancer tumors, suggesting a tumor promotor role of Syk in CRC. Our analysis showed that Syk (L) isoform is highly expressed in the majority of the tumor tissues and that it remains expressed in tumors in which global Syk expression is downregulated, suggesting the dependence of tumors to Syk (L) isoform. We also identified a small cluster of tumor tissues, which express a high proportion of Syk (S) isoform. This specific cluster is associated with overexpressed genes related to translation and mitochondria, and down regulated genes implicated in the progression of mitosis. For our functional studies, we used short hairpin RNA tools to target the expression of Syk in CRC cells bearing the activating K-Ras (G13D) mutation. Our results showed that while global Syk knock down increases cell proliferation and cell motility, Syk (L) expression silencing affects the viability and induces the apoptosis of the cells, confirming the dependence of cells on Syk (L) isoform for their survival. Finally, we report the promising potential of compound C-13, an original non-enzymatic inhibitor of Syk isolated in our group. In vitro studies showed that C-13 exerts cytotoxic effects on Syk-positive CRC cells by inhibiting their proliferation and their motility, and by inducing their apoptosis, while Syk-negative cell lines viability was not affected. Moreover, the oral and intraperitoneal administration of C-13 reduced the tumor growth of CRC DLD-1 cells xenografts in Nude mice in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Denis
- IRCM, Univ Montpellier, Inserm, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Maguy Del Rio
- IRCM, Univ Montpellier, Inserm, ICM, Montpellier, France
- Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | | | - Nicole Bec
- IRCM, Univ Montpellier, Inserm, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Laura Jeanson
- IRCM, Univ Montpellier, Inserm, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Marta Jarlier
- Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Eve Combès
- IRCM, Univ Montpellier, Inserm, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Robert
- IRCM, Univ Montpellier, Inserm, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Gongora
- IRCM, Univ Montpellier, Inserm, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Martineau
- IRCM, Univ Montpellier, Inserm, ICM, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail: (PD); (PM)
| | - Piona Dariavach
- IRCM, Univ Montpellier, Inserm, ICM, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail: (PD); (PM)
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Zhou Q, Wei M, Shen W, Huang S, Fan J, Huang H. SYK Is Associated With Malignant Phenotype and Immune Checkpoints in Diffuse Glioma. Front Genet 2022; 13:899883. [PMID: 35910221 PMCID: PMC9334658 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.899883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diffuse glioma, the most common intracranial malignant tumor, is characterized by immunosuppression. The prognostic significance and potential therapeutic value of SYK remain obscure. Here, we explored the performance of SYK in predicting patient outcomes and as a therapeutic target.Methods: The mRNA expression and clinical data for pancancer and normal tissues and more than 2,000 glioma samples were collected from public databases. The expression level of SYK was evaluated by qPCR and IHC. The prognostic value of SYK was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier curves and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. A sequence of immune and stromal infiltration analyses was calculated based on the ESTIMATE algorithm, ssGSEA algorithm, TIMER, and single-cell analysis. The SYK-related subtypes were identified via a Consensus Cluster Plus analysis.Results: SYK was significantly differentially expressed in multiple tumors and normal tissues. Importantly, high-expression SYK was enriched in malignant phenotypes of diffuse gliomas, which was further validated by qPCR and IHC. Survival analysis uncovered that SYK was an independently unfavorable prognostic marker in diffuse glioma. Functional enrichment analysis and immune and stromal infiltration analyses showed that SYK was involved in shaping the immunosuppressive microenvironment of diffuse glioma. Additionally, SYK expression was closely associated with some immune checkpoint molecules and M2 macrophage infiltration, which was validated by IHC and single-cell analysis. Diffuse glioma with Sub1 exhibited a worse prognosis, immunosuppressive microenvironment, and higher expression of immune checkpoint genes.Conclusion: SYK is involved in shaping the immunosuppressive microenvironment and served as a promising prognosis biomarker and immunotherapeutic target for diffuse glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanwei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Wei
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenyue Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianfeng Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: He Huang,
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22
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Aguirre-Ducler A, Gianino N, Villarroel-Espindola F, Desai S, Tang D, Zhao H, Syrigos K, Trepicchio WL, Kannan K, Gregory RC, Schalper KA. Tumor cell SYK expression modulates the tumor immune microenvironment composition in human cancer via TNF-α dependent signaling. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-005113. [PMID: 35868661 PMCID: PMC9315908 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of SYK in cancer cells has been associated with both tumor promoting and tumor suppressive effects. Despite being proposed as anticancer therapeutic target, the possible role of SYK in modulating local adaptive antitumor immune responses remains uncertain. Using detailed analysis of primary human tumors and in vitro models, we reveal the immunomodulatory effect of SYK protein in human solid cancer. METHODS We spatially mapped SYK kinase in tumor cells, stromal cells and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) in 808 primary non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) from two cohorts and in 374 breast carcinomas (BCs) from two independent cohorts. We established the associations of localized SYK with clinicopathologic variables and outcomes. The immunomodulatory role of SYK on tumor cells was assessed using in vitro cytokine stimulation, transcriptomic analysis and selective SYK blockade using a small molecule inhibitor. Functional responses were assessed using cocultures of tumor cells with peripheral blood lymphocytes. T cell responses in baseline and post-treatment biopsies from patients with BC treated with a SYK inhibitor in a phase I clinical trial were also studied. RESULTS Elevated tumor cell or leukocyte SYK expression was associated with high CD4+ and CD8+ TILs and better outcome in both NSCLC and BC. Tumor cell SYK was associated with oncogenic driver mutations in EGFR or KRAS in lung adenocarcinomas and with triple negative phenotype in BC. In cultured tumor cells, SYK was upregulated by TNFα and required for the TNFα-induced proinflammatory responses and T cell activation. SYK blockade after nivolumab in a phase I clinical trial including three patients with advanced triple negative BC reduced TILs and T cell proliferation. Our work establishes the proinflammatory function of tumor cell SYK in lung and breast cancer. SYK signaling in cultured tumor cells is required for T cell activation and SYK blockade limits adaptive antitumor immune responses and tumor rejection in patients with cancer. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results establish the immunomodulatory role of SYK expression in human solid tumors. This information could be used to develop novel biomarkers and/or therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Aguirre-Ducler
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Instituto Oncologico Fundacion Arturo Lopez Perez, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Nicole Gianino
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Shruti Desai
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Daiwei Tang
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kurt A Schalper
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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23
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Winkler S, Winkler I, Figaschewski M, Tiede T, Nordheim A, Kohlbacher O. De novo identification of maximally deregulated subnetworks based on multi-omics data with DeRegNet. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:139. [PMID: 35439941 PMCID: PMC9020058 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With a growing amount of (multi-)omics data being available, the extraction of knowledge from these datasets is still a difficult problem. Classical enrichment-style analyses require predefined pathways or gene sets that are tested for significant deregulation to assess whether the pathway is functionally involved in the biological process under study. De novo identification of these pathways can reduce the bias inherent in predefined pathways or gene sets. At the same time, the definition and efficient identification of these pathways de novo from large biological networks is a challenging problem. Results We present a novel algorithm, DeRegNet, for the identification of maximally deregulated subnetworks on directed graphs based on deregulation scores derived from (multi-)omics data. DeRegNet can be interpreted as maximum likelihood estimation given a certain probabilistic model for de-novo subgraph identification. We use fractional integer programming to solve the resulting combinatorial optimization problem. We can show that the approach outperforms related algorithms on simulated data with known ground truths. On a publicly available liver cancer dataset we can show that DeRegNet can identify biologically meaningful subgraphs suitable for patient stratification. DeRegNet can also be used to find explicitly multi-omics subgraphs which we demonstrate by presenting subgraphs with consistent methylation-transcription patterns. DeRegNet is freely available as open-source software. Conclusion The proposed algorithmic framework and its available implementation can serve as a valuable heuristic hypothesis generation tool contextualizing omics data within biomolecular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Winkler
- Applied Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) "From Molecules to Organism", Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Ivana Winkler
- International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) "From Molecules to Organism", Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology (IFIZ), University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Figaschewski
- Applied Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Tiede
- Applied Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alfred Nordheim
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology (IFIZ), University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Leibniz Institute on Aging (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Kohlbacher
- Applied Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Translational Bioinformatics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
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24
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Rewiring of the Liver Transcriptome across Multiple Time-Scales Is Associated with the Weight Loss-Independent Resolution of NAFLD Following RYGB. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040318. [DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery potently improves obesity and a myriad of obesity-associated co-morbidities including type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Time-series omics data are increasingly being utilized to provide insight into the mechanistic underpinnings that correspond to metabolic adaptations in RYGB. However, the conventional computational biology methods used to interpret these temporal multi-dimensional datasets have been generally limited to pathway enrichment analysis (PEA) of isolated pair-wise comparisons based on either experimental condition or time point, neither of which adequately capture responses to perturbations that span multiple time scales. To address this, we have developed a novel graph network-based analysis workflow designed to identify modules enriched with biomolecules that share common dynamic profiles, where the network is constructed from all known biological interactions available through the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) resource. This methodology was applied to time-series RNAseq transcriptomics data collected on rodent liver samples following RYGB, and those of sham-operated and weight-matched control groups, to elucidate the molecular pathways involved in the improvement of as NAFLD. We report several network modules exhibiting a statistically significant enrichment of genes whose expression trends capture acute-phase as well as long term physiological responses to RYGB in a single analysis. Of note, we found the HIF1 and P53 signaling cascades to be associated with the immediate and the long-term response to RYGB, respectively. The discovery of less intuitive network modules that may have gone overlooked with conventional PEA techniques provides a framework for identifying novel drug targets for NAFLD and other metabolic syndrome co-morbidities.
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25
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Sandhu S, Sou IF, Hunter JE, Salmon L, Wilson CL, Perkins ND, Hunter N, Davies OR, McClurg UL. Centrosome dysfunction associated with somatic expression of the synaptonemal complex protein TEX12. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1371. [PMID: 34880391 PMCID: PMC8654964 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a supramolecular protein scaffold that mediates chromosome synapsis and facilitates crossing over during meiosis. In mammals, SC proteins are generally assumed to have no other function. Here, we show that SC protein TEX12 also localises to centrosomes during meiosis independently of chromosome synapsis. In somatic cells, ectopically expressed TEX12 similarly localises to centrosomes, where it is associated with centrosome amplification, a pathology correlated with cancer development. Indeed, TEX12 is identified as a cancer-testis antigen and proliferation of some cancer cells is TEX12-dependent. Moreover, somatic expression of TEX12 is aberrantly activated via retinoic acid signalling, which is commonly disregulated in cancer. Structure-function analysis reveals that phosphorylation of TEX12 on tyrosine 48 is important for centrosome amplification but not for recruitment of TEX12 to centrosomes. We conclude that TEX12 normally localises to meiotic centrosomes, but its misexpression in somatic cells can contribute to pathological amplification and dysfunction of centrosomes in cancers. Sandhu et al. report that the synaptonemal complex (SC) protein, TEX12, localises to centrosomes independently of the SC during meiosis. They also show that it provokes centrosome amplification in somatic cells, a pathology associated with cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Sandhu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ieng F Sou
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jill E Hunter
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Lucy Salmon
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Caroline L Wilson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Neil D Perkins
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Neil Hunter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Owen R Davies
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK. .,Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK.
| | - Urszula L McClurg
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
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26
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Asadi MR, Rahmanpour D, Moslehian MS, Sabaie H, Hassani M, Ghafouri-Fard S, Taheri M, Rezazadeh M. Stress Granules Involved in Formation, Progression and Metastasis of Cancer: A Scoping Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:745394. [PMID: 34604242 PMCID: PMC8485071 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.745394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The assembly of stress granules (SGs) is a well-known cellular strategy for reducing stress-related damage and promoting cell survival. SGs have become important players in human health, in addition to their fundamental role in the stress response. The critical role of SGs in cancer cells in formation, progression, and metastasis makes sense. Recent researchers have found that several SG components play a role in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis via tumor-associated signaling pathways and other mechanisms. Gene-ontology analysis revealed the role of these protein components in the structure of SGs. Involvement in the translation process, regulation of mRNA stability, and action in both the cytoplasm and nucleus are among the main features of SG proteins. The present scoping review aimed to consider all studies on the effect of SGs on cancer formation, proliferation, and metastasis and performed based on a six-stage methodology structure and the PRISMA guideline. A systematic search of seven databases for qualified articles was conducted before July 2021. Publications were screened, and quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed on the extracted data. Go analysis was performed on seventy-one SGs protein components. Remarkably G3BP1, TIA1, TIAR, and YB1 have the largest share among the proteins considered in the studies. Altogether, this scoping review tries to demonstrate and provide a comprehensive summary of the role of SGs in the formation, progression, and metastasis of cancer by reviewing all studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Asadi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Dara Rahmanpour
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hani Sabaie
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hassani
- Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezazadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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27
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Biswas P, Dey D, Rahman A, Islam MA, Susmi TF, Kaium MA, Hasan MN, Rahman MDH, Mahmud S, Saleh MA, Paul P, Rahman MR, Saber MA, Song H, Rahman MA, Kim B. Analysis of SYK Gene as a Prognostic Biomarker and Suggested Potential Bioactive Phytochemicals as an Alternative Therapeutic Option for Colorectal Cancer: An In-Silico Pharmaco-Informatics Investigation. J Pers Med 2021; 11:888. [PMID: 34575665 PMCID: PMC8470848 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11090888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SYK gene regulates the expression of SYK kinase (Spleen tyrosine kinase), an important non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase for immunological receptor-mediated signaling, which is also considered a tumor growth metastasis initiator. An onco-informatics analysis was adopted to evaluate the expression and prognostic value of the SYK gene in colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most fatal cancer type; of late, it may be a biomarker as another targeted site for CRC. In addition, identify the potential phytochemicals that may inhibit the overexpression of the SYK kinase protein and minimize the human CRC. MATERIALS & METHODS The differential expression of the SYK gene was analyzed using several transcriptomic databases, including Oncomine, UALCAN, GENT2, and GEPIA2. The server cBioPortal was used to analyze the mutations and copy number alterations, whereas GENT2, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), Onco-Lnc, and PrognoScan were used to examine the survival rate. The protein-protein interaction network of SYK kinase and its co-expressed genes was conducted via Gene-MANIA. Considering the SYK kinase may be the targeted site, the selected phytochemicals were assessed by molecular docking using PyRx 0.8 packages. Molecular interactions were also observed by following the Ligplot+ version 2.2. YASARA molecular dynamics simulator was applied for the post-validation of the selected phytochemicals. RESULTS Our result reveals an increased level of mRNA expression of the SYK gene in colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD) samples compared to those in normal tissues. A significant methylation level and various genetic alterations recurrence of the SYK gene were analyzed where the fluctuation of the SYK alteration frequency was detected across different CRC studies. As a result, a lower level of SYK expression was related to higher chances of survival. This was evidenced by multiple bioinformatics platforms and web resources, which demonstrated that the SYK gene can be a potential biomarker for CRC. In this study, aromatic phytochemicals, such as kaempferol and glabridin that target the macromolecule (SYK kinase), showed higher stability than the controls, and we have estimated that these bioactive potential phytochemicals might be a useful option for CRC patients after the clinical trial. CONCLUSIONS Our onco-informatics investigation suggests that the SYK gene can be a potential prognostic biomarker of CRC. On the contrary, SYK kinase would be a major target, and all selected compounds were validated against the protein using in-silico drug design approaches. Here, more in vitro and in vivo analysis is required for targeting SYK protein in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Biswas
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore 7408, Bangladesh; (P.B.); (A.R.); (M.A.I.); (T.F.S.); (M.A.K.)
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh;
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore 7408, Bangladesh;
| | - Dipta Dey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj 8100, Bangladesh; (D.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Atikur Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore 7408, Bangladesh; (P.B.); (A.R.); (M.A.I.); (T.F.S.); (M.A.K.)
- Fermentation Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Md. Aminul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore 7408, Bangladesh; (P.B.); (A.R.); (M.A.I.); (T.F.S.); (M.A.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj 8100, Bangladesh; (D.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Tasmina Ferdous Susmi
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore 7408, Bangladesh; (P.B.); (A.R.); (M.A.I.); (T.F.S.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Md. Abu Kaium
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore 7408, Bangladesh; (P.B.); (A.R.); (M.A.I.); (T.F.S.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Md. Nazmul Hasan
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore 7408, Bangladesh;
| | - MD. Hasanur Rahman
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh;
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Shafi Mahmud
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; (S.M.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Md. Abu Saleh
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; (S.M.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Priyanka Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj 8100, Bangladesh; (D.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Md Rezanur Rahman
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Md. Al Saber
- Biotechnology, University of Pécs, Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Hangyeul Song
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Md. Ataur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Global Biotechnology & Biomedical Research Network (GBBRN), Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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28
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Wang T, Xu Y, Liu X, Zeng Y, Liu L. miR-96-5p is the tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma via targeting SYK. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 572:49-56. [PMID: 34343834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is a multiple malignant tumor in adolescents. MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) have been found to express abnormally in OS tissues and are considered as potential targets for OS prognosis and treatment. METHODS MiR-96-5p and SYK expression in clinical samples, osteoblast and OS cell lines were detected. The changes of cell proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion and metastasis of OS cells were detected by CCK-8, BrdU, caspase-3 activity and transwell assay. Dual luciferase report analysis and RNA pull-down were used to confirm binding relation of miR-96-5p and SYK. RESULTS MiR-96-5p was increased in OS tissue and cells. Moreover, miR-96-5p inhibits proliferation, adhesion and migration of HOS and Saos-2 cells, and promotes cell apoptosis. SYK has been identified to be targeted by miR-96-5p. Overexpressed SYK inhibits the suppressive impact of miR-96-5 on OS cells. CONCLUSION MiR-96-5p may function as an effective target in OS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiping Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610017, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610017, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610017, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610017, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610017, Sichuan, China
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29
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Boudria R, Laurienté V, Oudar A, Harouna-Rachidi S, Dondi E, Le Roy C, Gardano L, Varin-Blank N, Guittat L. Regulatory interplay between Vav1, Syk and β-catenin occurs in lung cancer cells. Cell Signal 2021; 86:110079. [PMID: 34252536 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Vav1 exhibits two signal transducing properties as an adaptor protein and a regulator of cytoskeleton organization through its Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factor module. Although the expression of Vav1 is restricted to the hematopoietic lineage, its ectopic expression has been unraveled in a number of solid tumors. In this study, we show that in lung cancer cells, as such in hematopoietic cells, Vav1 interacts with the Spleen Tyrosine Kinase, Syk. Likewise, Syk interacts with β-catenin and, together with Vav1, regulates the phosphorylation status of β-catenin. Depletion of Vav1, Syk or β-catenin inhibits Rac1 activity and decreases cell migration suggesting the interplay of the three effectors to a common signaling pathway. This model is further supported by the finding that in turn, β-catenin regulates the transcription of Syk gene expression. This study highlights the elaborated connection between Vav1, Syk and β-catenin and the contribution of the trio to cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rofia Boudria
- INSERM, UMR 978, Bobigny, France; Labex Inflamex, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France
| | - Vanessa Laurienté
- INSERM, UMR 978, Bobigny, France; Labex Inflamex, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France
| | - Antonin Oudar
- INSERM, UMR 978, Bobigny, France; Labex Inflamex, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France
| | - Souleymane Harouna-Rachidi
- INSERM, UMR 978, Bobigny, France; Labex Inflamex, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France
| | - Elisabetta Dondi
- INSERM, UMR 978, Bobigny, France; Labex Inflamex, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France
| | - Christine Le Roy
- INSERM, UMR 978, Bobigny, France; Labex Inflamex, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France
| | - Laura Gardano
- INSERM, UMR 978, Bobigny, France; Labex Inflamex, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France
| | - Nadine Varin-Blank
- INSERM, UMR 978, Bobigny, France; Labex Inflamex, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France.
| | - Lionel Guittat
- INSERM, UMR 978, Bobigny, France; Labex Inflamex, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France.
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30
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Shiravand Y, Walter U, Jurk K. Fine-Tuning of Platelet Responses by Serine/Threonine Protein Kinases and Phosphatases-Just the Beginning. Hamostaseologie 2021; 41:206-216. [PMID: 34192779 DOI: 10.1055/a-1476-7873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive proteomic analyses of human and murine platelets established an extraordinary intracellular repertoire of signaling components, which control crucial functions. The spectrum of platelet serine/threonine protein kinases (more than 100) includes the AGC family (protein kinase A, G, C [PKA, PKG, PKC]), the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and others. PKA and PKG have multiple significantly overlapping substrates in human platelets, which possibly affect functions with clear "signaling nodes" of regulation by multiple protein kinases/phosphatases. Signaling nodes are intracellular Ca2+ stores, the contractile system (myosin light chains), and other signaling components such as G-proteins, protein kinases, and protein phosphatases. An example for this fine-tuning is the tyrosine kinase Syk, a crucial component of platelet activation, which is controlled by several serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases as well as phosphatases. Other protein kinases including PKA/PKG modulate protein phosphatase 2A, which may be a master regulator of MAPK signaling in human platelets. Protein kinases and in particular MAPKs are targeted by an increasing number of clinically used inhibitors. However, the precise regulation and fine-tuning of these protein kinases and their effects on other signaling components in platelets are only superficially understood-just the beginning. However, promising future approaches are in sight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavar Shiravand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ulrich Walter
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Jurk
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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31
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Chan LC, Kalyanasundram J, Leong SW, Masarudin MJ, Veerakumarasivam A, Yusoff K, Chan SC, Chia SL. Persistent Newcastle disease virus infection in bladder cancer cells is associated with putative pro-survival and anti-viral transcriptomic changes. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:625. [PMID: 34044804 PMCID: PMC8161962 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an oncolytic virus with excellent selectivity against cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Unfortunately, prolonged in vitro NDV infection results in the development of persistent infection in the cancer cells which are then able to resist NDV-mediated oncolysis. However, the mechanism of persistency of infection remains poorly understood. Methods In this study, we established persistently NDV-infected EJ28 bladder cancer cells, designated as EJ28P. Global transcriptomic analysis was subsequently carried out by microarray analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between EJ28 and EJ28P cells identified by the edgeR program were further analysed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) analyses. In addition, the microarray data were validated by RT-qPCR. Results Persistently NDV-infected EJ28 bladder cancer cells were successfully established and confirmed by flow cytometry. Microarray analysis identified a total of 368 genes as differentially expressed in EJ28P cells when compared to the non-infected EJ28 cells. GSEA revealed that the Wnt/β-catenin and KRAS signalling pathways were upregulated while the TGF-β signalling pathway was downregulated. Findings from this study suggest that the upregulation of genes that are associated with cell growth, pro-survival, and anti-apoptosis may explain the survivability of EJ28P cells and the development of persistent infection of NDV. Conclusions This study provides insights into the transcriptomic changes that occur and the specific signalling pathways that are potentially involved in the development and maintenance of NDV persistency of infection in bladder cancer cells. These findings warrant further investigation and is crucial towards the development of effective NDV oncolytic therapy against cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08345-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Chin Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Malaysia Genome Institute, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Jalan Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jeevanathan Kalyanasundram
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Wei Leong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mas Jaffri Masarudin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Abhi Veerakumarasivam
- Malaysia Genome Institute, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Jalan Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Medical Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Malaysia Genome Institute, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Jalan Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Soon-Choy Chan
- Malaysia Genome Institute, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Jalan Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. .,Perdana University School of Liberal Arts, Science and Technology (PUScLST), Perdana University, 50490, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Suet-Lin Chia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. .,UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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32
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Marin-Acevedo JA, Kimbrough EO, Manochakian R, Zhao Y, Lou Y. Immunotherapies targeting stimulatory pathways and beyond. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:78. [PMID: 33980266 PMCID: PMC8117548 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules play a critical role in T cell function. Tumor cells escape immune surveillance by promoting immunosuppression. Immunotherapy targeting inhibitory molecules like anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 were developed to overcome these immunosuppressive effects. These agents have demonstrated remarkable, durable responses in a small subset of patients. The other mechanisms for enhancing anti-tumor activities are to target the stimulatory pathways that are expressed on T cells or other immune cells. In this review, we summarize current phase I/II clinical trials evaluating novel immunotherapies targeting stimulatory pathways and outline their advantages, limitations, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian A Marin-Acevedo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA
| | - ErinMarie O Kimbrough
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road S., Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Rami Manochakian
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road S., Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road S., Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Yanyan Lou
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road S., Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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33
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Alsayed SSR, Lun S, Bailey AW, Suri A, Huang CC, Mocerino M, Payne A, Sredni ST, Bishai WR, Gunosewoyo H. Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel indole-2-carboxamides for growth inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and paediatric brain tumour cells. RSC Adv 2021; 11:15497-15511. [PMID: 35481189 PMCID: PMC9029315 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10728j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The omnipresent threat of tuberculosis (TB) and the scant treatment options thereof necessitate the development of new antitubercular agents, preferably working via a novel mechanism of action distinct from the current drugs. Various studies identified the mycobacterial membrane protein large 3 transporter (MmpL3) as the target of several classes of compounds, including the indole-2-caboxamides. Herein, several indoleamide analogues were rationally designed, synthesised, and evaluated for their antitubercular and antitumour activities. Compound 8g displayed the highest activity (MIC = 0.32 μM) against the drug-sensitive (DS) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) H37Rv strain. This compound also exhibited high selective activity towards M. tb over mammalian cells [IC50 (Vero cells) = 40.9 μM, SI = 128], suggesting its minimal cytotoxicity. In addition, when docked into the MmpL3 active site, 8g adopted a binding profile similar to the indoleamide ligand ICA38. A related compound 8f showed dual antitubercular (MIC = 0.62 μM) and cytotoxic activities against paediatric glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell line KNS42 [IC50 (viability) = 0.84 μM]. Compound 8f also showed poor cytotoxic activity against healthy Vero cells (IC50 = 39.9 μM). Compounds 9a and 15, which were inactive against M. tb, showed potent cytotoxic (IC50 = 8.25 and 5.04 μM, respectively) and antiproliferative activities (IC50 = 9.85 and 6.62 μM, respectively) against KNS42 cells. Transcriptional analysis of KNS42 cells treated with compound 15 revealed a significant downregulation in the expression of the carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) and the spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) genes. The expression levels of these genes in GBM tumours were previously shown to contribute to tumour progression, suggesting their involvement in our observed antitumour activities. Compounds 9a and 15 were selected for further evaluations against three different paediatric brain tumour cell lines (BT12, BT16 and DAOY) and non-neoplastic human fibroblast cells HFF1. Compound 9a showed remarkable cytotoxic (IC50 = 0.89 and 1.81 μM, respectively) and antiproliferative activities (IC50 = 7.44 and 6.06 μM, respectively) against the two tested atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour (AT/RT) cells BT12 and BT16. Interestingly, compound 9a was not cytotoxic when tested against non-neoplastic HFF1 cells [IC50 (viability) = 119 μM]. This suggests that an indoleamide scaffold can be fine-tuned to confer a set of derivatives with selective antitubercular and/or antitumour activities. In this study, we demonstrated that an indoleamide scaffold can be fine-tuned to confer a set of derivatives with selective antitubercular and/or antitumour activities.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahinda S R Alsayed
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University Bentley Perth WA 6102 Australia
| | - Shichun Lun
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine 1550, Orleans Street Baltimore Maryland 21231-1044 USA
| | - Anders W Bailey
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Amreena Suri
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Chiang-Ching Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI 53205 USA
| | - Mauro Mocerino
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University Perth WA 6102 Australia
| | - Alan Payne
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University Perth WA 6102 Australia
| | - Simone Treiger Sredni
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Chicago IL 60611 USA.,Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - William R Bishai
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine 1550, Orleans Street Baltimore Maryland 21231-1044 USA .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute 4000 Jones Bridge Road Chevy Chase Maryland 20815-6789 USA
| | - Hendra Gunosewoyo
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University Bentley Perth WA 6102 Australia
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35
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Wang L, Aschenbrenner D, Zeng Z, Cao X, Mayr D, Mehta M, Capitani M, Warner N, Pan J, Wang L, Li Q, Zuo T, Cohen-Kedar S, Lu J, Ardy RC, Mulder DJ, Dissanayake D, Peng K, Huang Z, Li X, Wang Y, Wang X, Li S, Bullers S, Gammage AN, Warnatz K, Schiefer AI, Krivan G, Goda V, Kahr WHA, Lemaire M, Lu CY, Siddiqui I, Surette MG, Kotlarz D, Engelhardt KR, Griffin HR, Rottapel R, Decaluwe H, Laxer RM, Proietti M, Hambleton S, Elcombe S, Guo CH, Grimbacher B, Dotan I, Ng SC, Freeman SA, Snapper SB, Klein C, Boztug K, Huang Y, Li D, Uhlig HH, Muise AM. Gain-of-function variants in SYK cause immune dysregulation and systemic inflammation in humans and mice. Nat Genet 2021; 53:500-510. [PMID: 33782605 PMCID: PMC8245161 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a critical immune signaling molecule and therapeutic target. We identified damaging monoallelic SYK variants in six patients with immune deficiency, multi-organ inflammatory disease such as colitis, arthritis and dermatitis, and diffuse large B cell lymphomas. The SYK variants increased phosphorylation and enhanced downstream signaling, indicating gain of function. A knock-in (SYK-Ser544Tyr) mouse model of a patient variant (p.Ser550Tyr) recapitulated aspects of the human disease that could be partially treated with a SYK inhibitor or transplantation of bone marrow from wild-type mice. Our studies demonstrate that SYK gain-of-function variants result in a potentially treatable form of inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dominik Aschenbrenner
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhiyang Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiya Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daniel Mayr
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Meera Mehta
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melania Capitani
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil Warner
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jie Pan
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liren Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Li
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tao Zuo
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sarit Cohen-Kedar
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Jiawei Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rico Chandra Ardy
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel J Mulder
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dilan Dissanayake
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaiyue Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiheng Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuesheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Neonate Department, Sanmenxia Central Hospital, Sanmenxia, China
| | - Shuchao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Lushi County Renmin Hospital, Sanmenxia, China
| | - Samuel Bullers
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anís N Gammage
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ana-Iris Schiefer
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gergely Krivan
- National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Department for Pediatric Hematology and Hemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Central Hospital of Southern Pest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vera Goda
- National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Department for Pediatric Hematology and Hemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Central Hospital of Southern Pest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Walter H A Kahr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lemaire
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chien-Yi Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iram Siddiqui
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G Surette
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestion Health Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Kotlarz
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin R Engelhardt
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Helen R Griffin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert Rottapel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Rheumatology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hélène Decaluwe
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Cytokine and Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ronald M Laxer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michele Proietti
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sophie Hambleton
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, 100KGP England, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Suzanne Elcombe
- Department of Immunology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Cong-Hui Guo
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- DZIF - German Center for Infection Research, Satellite Center Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- RESIST - Cluster of Excellence 2155 to Hanover Medical School, Satellite Center Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Iris Dotan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Siew C Ng
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Spencer A Freeman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kaan Boztug
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dali Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Buffard M, Naldi A, Freiss G, Deckert M, Radulescu O, Coopman PJ, Larive RM. Comparison of SYK Signaling Networks Reveals the Potential Molecular Determinants of Its Tumor-Promoting and Suppressing Functions. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020308. [PMID: 33670716 PMCID: PMC7923165 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) can behave as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor, depending on the cell and tissue type. As pharmacological SYK inhibitors are currently evaluated in clinical trials, it is important to gain more information on the molecular mechanisms underpinning these opposite roles. To this aim, we reconstructed and compared its signaling networks using phosphoproteomic data from breast cancer and Burkitt lymphoma cell lines where SYK behaves as a tumor suppressor and promoter. Bioinformatic analyses allowed for unveiling the main differences in signaling pathways, network topology and signal propagation from SYK to its potential effectors. In breast cancer cells, the SYK target-enriched signaling pathways included intercellular adhesion and Hippo signaling components that are often linked to tumor suppression. In Burkitt lymphoma cells, the SYK target-enriched signaling pathways included molecules that could play a role in SYK pro-oncogenic function in B-cell lymphomas. Several protein interactions were profoundly rewired in the breast cancer network compared with the Burkitt lymphoma network. These data demonstrate that proteomic profiling combined with mathematical network modeling allows untangling complex pathway interplays and revealing difficult to discern interactions among the SYK pathways that positively and negatively affect tumor formation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Buffard
- IRCM, Université de Montpellier, ICM, INSERM, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (G.F.); (P.J.C.)
- LPHI, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier, France;
| | - Aurélien Naldi
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, F-75005 Paris, France;
- Lifeware Group, Inria Saclay-île de France, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Gilles Freiss
- IRCM, Université de Montpellier, ICM, INSERM, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (G.F.); (P.J.C.)
| | - Marcel Deckert
- C3M, Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, équipe «Microenvironnement, Signalisation et Cancer», F-06204 Nice, France;
| | - Ovidiu Radulescu
- LPHI, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier, France;
| | - Peter J. Coopman
- IRCM, Université de Montpellier, ICM, INSERM, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (G.F.); (P.J.C.)
- CNRS—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1919 Route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Romain M. Larive
- IRCM, Université de Montpellier, ICM, INSERM, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (G.F.); (P.J.C.)
- IBMM, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, F-34093 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-467-61-24-30; Fax: +33-467-61-37-87
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Zoppi J, Guillaume JF, Neunlist M, Chaffron S. MiBiOmics: an interactive web application for multi-omics data exploration and integration. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:6. [PMID: 33407076 PMCID: PMC7789220 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-03921-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multi-omics experimental approaches are becoming common practice in biological and medical sciences underlining the need to design new integrative techniques and applications to enable the multi-scale characterization of biological systems. The integrative analysis of heterogeneous datasets generally allows to acquire additional insights and generate novel hypotheses about a given biological system. However, it can become challenging given the often-large size of omics datasets and the diversity of existing techniques. Moreover, visualization tools for interpretation are usually non-accessible to biologists without programming skills. Results Here, we present MiBiOmics, a web-based and standalone application that facilitates multi-omics data visualization, exploration, integration, and analysis by providing easy access to dedicated and interactive protocols. It implements classical ordination techniques and the inference of omics-based (multilayer) networks to mine complex biological systems, and identify robust biomarkers linked to specific contextual parameters or biological states. Conclusions MiBiOmics provides easy-access to exploratory ordination techniques and to a network-based approach for integrative multi-omics analyses through an intuitive and interactive interface. MiBiOmics is currently available as a Shiny app at https://shiny-bird.univ-nantes.fr/app/Mibiomics and as a standalone application at https://gitlab.univ-nantes.fr/combi-ls2n/mibiomics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-François Guillaume
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS016, CNRS UMS 3556, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | | | - Samuel Chaffron
- CNRS UMR6004, LS2N, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France. .,Research Federation (FR2022) Tara Oceans GO-SEE, Paris, France.
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Tu J, Kuang Z, Xie X, Wu S, Wu T, Chen S. Prognostic and predictive value of a mRNA signature in peripheral T-cell lymphomas: A mRNA expression analysis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:84-95. [PMID: 33259129 PMCID: PMC7810961 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current international prognostic index is widely questioned on the risk stratification of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma and does not accurately predict the outcome for patients. We postulated that multiple mRNAs could combine into a model to improve risk stratification and helping clinicians make treatment decisions. In this study, the gene expression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to screening genes in selected module which most closely related to PTCLs, and then built a mRNA signature using a LASSO Cox regression model and validated the prognostic accuracy of it. Finally, a nomogram was constructed and the performance was assessed. A total of 799 WGCNA‐selected mRNAs in black module were identified, and a mRNA signature which based on DOCK2, GSTM1, H2AFY, KCNAB2, LAPTM5 and SYK for PTCLs was developed. Significantly statistical difference can be seen in overall survival of PTCLs between low‐risk group and high‐risk group (training set:hazard ratio [HR] 4.3, 95% CI 2.4‐7.4, P < .0001; internal testing set:hazard ratio [HR] 2.4, 95% CI 1.2‐4.8, P < .01; external testing set:hazard ratio [HR] 2.3, 95% CI 1.10‐4.7, P = .02). Furthermore, multivariate regression demonstrated that the signature was an independently prognostic factor. Moreover, the nomogram which combined the mRNA signature and multiple clinical factors suggesting that predicted survival probability agreed well with the actual survival probability. The signature is a reliable prognostic tool for patients with PTCLs, and it has the potential for clinicians to implement personalized therapeutic regimen for patients with PTCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Tu
- Department of Oncology, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, China
| | - Zhixing Kuang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, China
| | - Xiaoliang Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shizhen Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, China
| | - Shengchi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, China
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HACS1 signaling adaptor protein recognizes a motif in the paired immunoglobulin receptor B cytoplasmic domain. Commun Biol 2020; 3:672. [PMID: 33188360 PMCID: PMC7666139 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01397-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic adaptor containing SH3 and SAM domains-1 (HACS1) is a signaling protein with two juxtaposed protein–protein interaction domains and an intrinsically unstructured region that spans half the sequence. Here, we describe the interaction between the HACS1 SH3 domain and a sequence near the third immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM3) of the paired immunoglobulin receptor B (PIRB). From surface plasmon resonance binding assays using a mouse and human PIRB ITIM3 phosphopeptides as ligands, the HACS1 SH3 domain and SHP2 N-terminal SH2 domain demonstrated comparable affinities in the micromolar range. Since the PIRB ITIM3 sequence represents an atypical ligand for an SH3 domain, we determined the NMR structure of the HACS1 SH3 domain and performed a chemical shift mapping study. This study showed that the binding site on the HACS1 SH3 domain for PIRB shares many of the same amino acids found in a canonical binding cleft normally associated with polyproline ligands. Molecular modeling suggests that the respective binding sites in PIRB ITIM3 for the HACS1 SH3 domain and the SHP2 SH2 domain are too close to permit simultaneous binding. As a result, the HACS1-PIRB partnership has the potential to amalgamate signaling pathways that influence both immune and neuronal cell fate. Kwan et al. show the interaction between the HACS1 SH3 domain and a sequence near the third immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif of the Paired immunoglobulin receptor B (PIRB). This study suggests that the HACS1-PIRB partnership has the potential to unite signaling pathways that regulate both immune and neuronal cell fate.
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40
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Liu R, Wang X, Curtiss C, Sheikh MS, Huang Y. Monoglyceride lipase mediates tumor-suppressive effects by promoting degradation of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2888-2903. [PMID: 32376875 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that Monoglyceride Lipase (MGL) expression is absent or reduced in various human malignancies and MGL-deficient mice develop tumors in multiple organs. Evidence also suggests MGL to be a tumor suppressor, however, the mechanisms underlying its tumor-suppressive actions remain to be investigated. Here, we report a novel function of MGL as a negative regulator of XIAP, an important inhibitor of apoptosis. We found that MGL directly interacted with XIAP and enhanced E3-ligase activity and proteasomal degradation of XIAP. MGL overexpression induced cell death that was coupled with caspase activation and reduced XIAP levels. N-terminus of MGL was found to mediate interactions with XIAP and induce cell death. MGL-deficient cells exhibited elevated XIAP levels and exhibited resistance to anticancer drugs. XIAP expression was significantly elevated in tissues of MGL-deficient animals as well as human lung cancers exhibiting reduced MGL expression. Thus, MGL appears to mediate its tumor-suppressive actions by inhibiting XIAP to induce cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Upstate Medical University State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Bostone, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Upstate Medical University State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Christopher Curtiss
- Department of Pathology, Upstate Medical University State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - M Saeed Sheikh
- Department of Pharmacology, Upstate Medical University State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Upstate Medical University State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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The PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathway in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082907. [PMID: 32326335 PMCID: PMC7215987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. Malignant cell growth is characterized by disruption of normal intracellular signaling, caused by mutations or aberrant external signaling. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway (PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway) is among one of the intracellular pathways aberrantly upregulated in cancers including AML. Activation of this pathway seems important in leukemogenesis, and given the central role of this pathway in metabolism, the bioenergetics of AML cells may depend on downstream signaling within this pathway. Furthermore, observations suggest that constitutive activation of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway differs between patients, and that increased activity within this pathway is an adverse prognostic parameter in AML. Pharmacological targeting of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway with specific inhibitors results in suppression of leukemic cell growth. However, AML patients seem to differ regarding their susceptibility to various small-molecule inhibitors, reflecting biological heterogeneity in the intracellular signaling status. These findings should be further investigated in both preclinical and clinical settings, along with the potential use of this pathway as a prognostic biomarker, both in patients receiving intensive curative AML treatment and in elderly/unfit receiving AML-stabilizing treatment.
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Lamb DJ, Rust A, Rudisch A, Glüxam T, Harrer N, Machat H, Christ I, Colbatzky F, Wernitznig A, Osswald A, Sommergruber W. Inhibition of SYK kinase does not confer a pro-proliferative or pro-invasive phenotype in breast epithelium or breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2020; 11:1257-1272. [PMID: 32292575 PMCID: PMC7147091 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SYK has been reported to possess both tumour promotor and repressor activities and deletion has been linked to a pro-proliferative / pro-invasive phenotype in breast tumours. It is unclear whether this is a consequence of protein deletion or loss of kinase activity. The SYK inhibitor, BI 1002494, caused no increase in proliferation in breast cancer cells or primary mammary epithelial cells in 2D or 3D cultures, nor changes in proliferation (CD1/2, CDK4, PCNA, Ki67) or invadopodia markers (MMP14, PARP, phospho-vimentin Ser56). BI 1002494 did not alter SYK protein expression. There was no change in phenotype observed in 3D cultures after addition of BI 1002494. Thirteen weeks of treatment with BI 1002494 resulted in no ductal branching or cellular proliferation in the mammary glands of mice. An in silico genetic analysis in breast tumour samples revealed no evidence that SYK has a typical tumour suppressor gene profile such as focal deletion, inactivating mutations or lower expression levels. Furthermore, SYK mutations were not associated with reduction in survival and disease-free period in breast cancer patients. In conclusion, small molecule inhibition of the kinase function of SYK does not contribute to a typical tumour suppressor profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Lamb
- Immunology & Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Aleksander Rust
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Albin Rudisch
- Cancer Cell Signalling, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Glüxam
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Nathalie Harrer
- Cancer Cell Signalling, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Herwig Machat
- Cancer Cell Signalling, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Christ
- Immunology & Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Florian Colbatzky
- Non-clinical drug safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Andreas Wernitznig
- Cancer Cell Signalling, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Annika Osswald
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sommergruber
- Cancer Cell Signalling, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, A-1121 Vienna, Austria.,Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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Huang DY, Chen WY, Chen CL, Wu NL, Lin WW. Synergistic Anti-Tumour Effect of Syk Inhibitor and Olaparib in Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Roles of Syk in EGFR Signalling and PARP1 Activation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020489. [PMID: 32093123 PMCID: PMC7072502 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Syk is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the signalling of immunoreceptors and growth factor receptors. Previously, we reported that Syk mediates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling and plays a negative role in the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. To understand whether Syk is a potential therapeutic target of cancer cells, we further elucidated the role of Syk in disease progression of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which is highly associated with EGFR overactivation, and determined the combined effects of Syk and PARP1 inhibitors on SCC viability. We found that pharmacological inhibition of Syk could attenuate the EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR, JNK, p38 MAPK, STAT1, and STAT3 in A431, CAL27 and SAS cells. In addition, EGF could induce a Syk-dependent IL-8 gene and protein expression in SCC. Confocal microscopic data demonstrated the ability of the Syk inhibitor to change the subcellular distribution patterns of EGFR after EGF treatment in A431 and SAS cells. Moreover, according to Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis, higher Syk expression is correlated with poorer patient survival rate and prognosis. Notably, both Syk and EGFR inhibitors could induce PARP activation, and synergistic cytotoxic actions were observed in SCC cells upon the combined treatment of the PARP1 inhibitor olaparib with Syk or the EGFR inhibitor. Collectively, we reported Syk as an important signalling molecule downstream of EGFR that plays crucial roles in SCC development. Combining Syk and PARP inhibition may represent an alternative therapeutic strategy for treating SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duen-Yi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Lin Wu
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan;
- Department of Dermatology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
- Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Wan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-223-123-456 (ext. 88315); Fax: +886-223-513-716
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Si Z, Hu K. Identification of osteosarcoma driver genes using a network method. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:1215-1222. [PMID: 31966051 PMCID: PMC6956419 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a severe disease that is generally caused by genetic alterations. Systematic identification of driver genes may be used to increase the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the disease. The present study identified a framework to predict driver genes, with the hypothesis that driver genes operate through a number of connected functional genes. OS-related genes were extracted from the Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer and subsequently ranked by virtue of their effect on a set of functional genes using a network-based algorithm. This revealed the driver genes associated with dysregulated networks. In addition, compared with the Mutations For Functional Impact on Network Neighbors algorithm, the results obtained using the aforementioned network-based algorithm revealed that the proposed method is effective. Gene functional analysis demonstrated that the potential OS driver genes were involved in OS-associated pathways. Through the validation of the 15 candidate OS driver genes, the classifier constructed in the present study revealed that the identified driver genes were able to distinguish 184 cancer samples from controls. Therefore, the present study provided insights into the identification of driver genes from a vast amount of sequencing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebing Si
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Yuebei People's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Wujiang, Shaoguan 512026, P.R. China
| | - Konghe Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Yuebei People's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Wujiang, Shaoguan 512026, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Konghe Hu, Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Yuebei People's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 133 Shaoguan Huimin South Avenue, Wujiang, Shaoguan 512026, P.R. China, E-mail:
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45
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Niazi Y, Thomsen H, Smolkova B, Vodickova L, Vodenkova S, Kroupa M, Vymetalkova V, Kazimirova A, Barancokova M, Volkovova K, Staruchova M, Hoffmann P, Nöthen MM, Dusinska M, Musak L, Vodicka P, Hemminki K, Försti A. Distinct pathways associated with chromosomal aberration frequency in a cohort exposed to genotoxic compounds compared to general population. Mutagenesis 2019; 34:323-330. [PMID: 31586183 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-specific structural chromosomal aberrations (CAs) observed in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy individuals can be either chromosome-type aberrations (CSAs) or chromatid-type aberrations (CTAs) depending on the stage of cell division they are induced in and mechanism of formation. It is important to study the genetic basis of chromosomal instability as it is a marker of genotoxic exposure and a predictor of cancer risk. For that purpose, we conducted two genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on healthy individuals in the presence and absence of apparent genotoxic exposure from the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The pre-GWAS cytogenetic analysis reported the frequencies of CSA, CTA and total CA (CAtot). We performed both linear and binary logistic regression analysis with an arbitrary cut-off point of 2% for CAtot and 1% for CSA and CTA. Using the statistical threshold of 1.0 × 10-5, we identified five loci with in silico predicted functionality in the reference group and four loci in the exposed group, with no overlap between the associated regions. A meta-analysis on the two GWASs identified further four loci with moderate associations in each of the studies. From the reference group mainly loci within genes related to DNA damage response/repair were identified. Other loci identified from both the reference and exposed groups were found to be involved in the segregation of chromosomes and chromatin modification. Some of the discovered regions in each group were implicated in tumourigenesis and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Niazi
- Department of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Thomsen
- Department of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bozena Smolkova
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Vodenkova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kroupa
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vymetalkova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Kazimirova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Magdalena Barancokova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Volkovova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marta Staruchova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Ludovit Musak
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Department of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asta Försti
- Department of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Kassouf T, Larive RM, Morel A, Urbach S, Bettache N, Marcial Medina MC, Mèrezègue F, Freiss G, Peter M, Boissière-Michot F, Solassol J, Montcourrier P, Coopman P. The Syk Kinase Promotes Mammary Epithelial Integrity and Inhibits Breast Cancer Invasion by Stabilizing the E-Cadherin/Catenin Complex. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121974. [PMID: 31817924 PMCID: PMC6966528 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While first discovered in immunoreceptor signaling, the Syk protein kinase behaves as a tumor and metastasis suppressor in epithelial cells. Its reduced expression in breast and other carcinomas is correlated with decreased survival and increased metastasis risk, but its action mechanism remains largely unknown. Using phosphoproteomics we found that Syk phosphorylated E-cadherin and α-, β-, and p120-catenins on multiple tyrosine residues that concentrate at intercellular junctions. Increased Syk expression and activation enhanced E-cadherin/catenin phosphorylation, promoting their association and complex stability. In human breast cancer cells, Syk stimulated intercellular aggregation, E-cadherin recruitment and retention at adherens junctions, and promoted epithelial integrity, whereas it inhibited cell migration and invasion. Opposite effects were obtained with Syk knockdown or non-phosphorylatable mutant E-cadherin expression. Mechanistically, Syk stimulated the interaction of the E-cadherin/catenin complex with zonula occludens proteins and the actin cytoskeleton. Conditional Syk knockout in the lactating mouse mammary gland perturbed alveologenesis and disrupted E-cadherin localization at adherens junctions, corroborating the observations in cells. Hence, Syk is involved in the maintenance of the epithelial integrity of the mammary gland via the phosphorylation and stabilization of the E-cadherin/catenin adherens junction complex, thereby inhibiting cell migration and malignant tumor invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toufic Kassouf
- IRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Universit@#xE9; de Montpellier, ICM, 208 Rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier, France; (T.K.); (R.M.L.); (G.F.); (M.P.); (J.S.)
- CRBM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France;
| | - Romain Maxime Larive
- IRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Universit@#xE9; de Montpellier, ICM, 208 Rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier, France; (T.K.); (R.M.L.); (G.F.); (M.P.); (J.S.)
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 15 avenue Charles Flahault - BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier, France;
| | - Anne Morel
- CRBM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France;
| | - Serge Urbach
- Functional Proteomics Platform, IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34094 Montpellier, France;
| | - Nadir Bettache
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 15 avenue Charles Flahault - BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier, France;
| | | | - Fabrice Mèrezègue
- BioMV Department, Université de Montpellier CC25000, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France;
| | - Gilles Freiss
- IRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Universit@#xE9; de Montpellier, ICM, 208 Rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier, France; (T.K.); (R.M.L.); (G.F.); (M.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Marion Peter
- IRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Universit@#xE9; de Montpellier, ICM, 208 Rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier, France; (T.K.); (R.M.L.); (G.F.); (M.P.); (J.S.)
| | | | - Jérôme Solassol
- IRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Universit@#xE9; de Montpellier, ICM, 208 Rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier, France; (T.K.); (R.M.L.); (G.F.); (M.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Philippe Montcourrier
- IRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Universit@#xE9; de Montpellier, ICM, 208 Rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier, France; (T.K.); (R.M.L.); (G.F.); (M.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Peter Coopman
- IRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Universit@#xE9; de Montpellier, ICM, 208 Rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier, France; (T.K.); (R.M.L.); (G.F.); (M.P.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-467-61-3191
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47
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Cho HR, Wang Y, Bai X, Xiang YY, Lu C, Post A, Al Habeeb A, Liu M. XB130 deficiency enhances carcinogen-induced skin tumorigenesis. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:1363-1375. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractXB130 is an adaptor protein that functions as a mediator of multiple tyrosine kinases important for regulating cell proliferation, survival, migration and invasion. Formerly predicted as an oncogene, alterations of its expression are documented in various human cancers. However, the exact role of XB130 in tumorigenesis is unknown. To address its function in skin tumorigenesis, a two-stage dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) study was performed on XB130 knockout (KO), heterozygous (HZ) and wild-type (WT) littermate mice. DMBA/TPA-treated XB130 KO and HZ males developed a significantly higher number of epidermal tumors that were notably larger in size than did WT mice. Interestingly, DMBA/TPA-treated female mice did not show any difference in tumor multiplicity regardless of the genotypes. The skin tumor lesions of XB130 KO males were more progressed with an increased frequency of keratoacanthoma. Deficiency of XB130 dramatically increased epidermal tumor cell proliferation. The responses to DMBA and TPA stimuli were also individually investigated to elucidate the mechanistic role of XB130 at different stages of tumorigenesis. DMBA-treated male XB130 KO mice showed compensatory p53-mediated stress response. TPA-treated XB130 KO males demonstrated more skin ulceration with more severe edema, enhanced cell proliferation, accumulation of infiltrating neutrophils and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes compared with WT mice. Enhanced activities of nuclear factor-kappa B pathway, increased protein expression of metalloproteinase-9 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were found in these KO mice. These findings demonstrate that XB130 acts as a tumor suppressor in carcinogen-induced skin tumorigenesis that may be mediated through inhibiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ra Cho
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network
| | - Xiaohui Bai
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network
| | - Yun-Yan Xiang
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network
| | - Christina Lu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network
| | - Alexander Post
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network
| | - Ayman Al Habeeb
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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48
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Wang D, Zhou W, Chen J, Wei W. Upstream regulators of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and their role in diseases. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14460-14472. [PMID: 30710358 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), a crucial signaling molecule, is regulated by various upstream regulators. Traditionally, receptor tyrosine kinases and G protein-coupled receptor are regarded as its principle upstream regulators; however, recent reports have indicated that spleen tyrosine kinase, β-arrestin2, Janus kinase, and RAS can also perform this role. Dysregulation of PI3K is common in the progression of various diseases, including, but not limited to, tumors, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and acute myelogenous leukemia. The aim of this review is to provide a perspective on PI3K-related diseases examining both the classical and nonclassical upstream regulators of PI3K in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Weijie Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
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49
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Dua K, Wadhwa R, Singhvi G, Rapalli V, Shukla SD, Shastri MD, Gupta G, Satija S, Mehta M, Khurana N, Awasthi R, Maurya PK, Thangavelu L, S R, Tambuwala MM, Collet T, Hansbro PM, Chellappan DK. The potential of siRNA based drug delivery in respiratory disorders: Recent advances and progress. Drug Dev Res 2019; 80:714-730. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of HealthUniversity of Technology Sydney Ultimo New South Wales Australia
- Centenary InstituteRoyal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown New South Wales Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) and School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyUniversity of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales Australia
| | - Ridhima Wadhwa
- Faculty of Life Sciences and BiotechnologySouth Asian University New Delhi India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of PharmacyBirla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani India
| | | | - Shakti Dhar Shukla
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) and School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyUniversity of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales Australia
| | - Madhur D. Shastri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and MedicineUniversity of Tasmania Launceston Australia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of PharmacySuresh Gyan Vihar University Jaipur India
| | - Saurabh Satija
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesLovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab India
| | - Meenu Mehta
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesLovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab India
| | - Navneet Khurana
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesLovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab India
| | - Rajendra Awasthi
- Amity Institute of PharmacyAmity University Noida Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Department of BiochemistryCentral University of Haryana Mahendergarh Haryana India
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Nanobiomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental CollegeSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Rajeshkumar S
- Nanobiomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental CollegeSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUlster University, Coleraine London United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Trudi Collet
- Inovative Medicines Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationQueensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Centenary InstituteRoyal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown New South Wales Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) and School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyUniversity of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales Australia
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of PharmacyInternational Medical University Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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50
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Sun S, Xue D, Chen Z, Ou-Yang Y, Zhang J, Mai J, Gu J, Lu W, Liu X, Liu W, Sheng L, Lu B, Lin Y, Xing F, Chen Z, Mou Y, Yan G, Zhu W, Sai K. R406 elicits anti-Warburg effect via Syk-dependent and -independent mechanisms to trigger apoptosis in glioma stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:358. [PMID: 31043589 PMCID: PMC6494878 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Given that glioma stem cells (GSCs) play a critical role in the initiation and chemoresistance in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), targeting GSCs is an attractive strategy to treat GBM. Utilizing an anti-cancer compound library, we identified R406, the active metabolite of a FDA-approved Syk inhibitor for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), with remarkable cytotoxicity against GSCs but not normal neural stem cells. R406 significantly inhibited neurosphere formation and triggered apoptosis in GSCs. R406 induced a metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and subsequently production of excess ROS in GSCs. R406 also diminished tumor growth and efficiently sensitized gliomas to temozolomide in GSC-initiating xenograft mouse models. Mechanistically, the anti-GSC effect of R406 was due to the disruption of Syk/PI3K signaling in Syk-positive GSCs and PI3K/Akt pathway in Syk-negative GSCs respectively. Overall, these findings not only identify R406 as a promising GSC-targeting agent but also reveal the important role of Syk and PI3K pathways in the regulation of energy metabolism in GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhijie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Ying Ou-Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Jialuo Mai
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiayv Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wanjun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xincheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Longxiang Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bingzheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fan Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yonggao Mou
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Guangmei Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wenbo Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Ke Sai
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
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