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Khakwani MMAK, Ji XY, Khattak S, Sun YC, Yao K, Zhang L. Targeting colorectal cancer at the level of nuclear pore complex. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00245-5. [PMID: 38876192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are the architectures entrenched in nuclear envelop of a cell that regulate the nucleo-cytoplasmic transportation of materials, such as proteins and RNAs for proper functioning of a cell. The appropriate localization of proteins and RNAs within the cell is essential for its normal functionality. For such a complex transportation of materials across the NPC, around 60 proteins are involved comprising nucleoporins, karyopherins and RAN system proteins that play a vital role in NPC's structure formation, cargo translocation across NPC, and cargoes' rapid directed transportation respectively. In various cancers, the structure and function of NPC is often exaggerated, following altered expressions of its nucleoporins and karyopherins, affecting other proteins of associated signaling pathways. Some inhibitors of karyopherins at present, have potential to regulate the altered level/expression of these karyopherin molecules. AIM OF REVIEW This review summarizes the data from 1990 to 2023, mainly focusing on recent studies that illustrate the structure and function of NPC, the relationship and mechanisms of nucleoporins and karyopherins with colorectal cancer, as well as therapeutic values, in order to understand the pathology and underlying basis of colorectal cancer associated with NPC. This is the first review to our knowledge elucidating the detailed updated studies targeting colorectal cancer at NPC. The review also aims to target certain karyopherins, Nups and their possible inhibitors and activators molecules as a therapeutic strategy. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW NPC structure provides understanding, how nucleoporins and karyopherins as key molecules are responsible for appropriate nucleocytoplasmic transportation. Many studies provide evidences, describing the role of disrupted nucleoporins and karyopherins not only in CRC but also in other non-hematological and hematological malignancies. At present, some inhibitors of karyopherins have therapeutic potential for CRC, however development of more potent inhibitors may provide more effective therapeutic strategies for CRC in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mahtab Aslam Khan Khakwani
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Department of Oncology, Huaxian County Hospital, Huaxian, Henan Province 456400, China; Faculty of Basic Medical Subjects, Shu-Qing Medical College of Zhengzhou, Gong-Ming Rd, Mazhai Town, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450064, China
| | - Saadullah Khattak
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Ying-Chuan Sun
- Department of Internal Oncology (Section I), Xuchang Municipal Central Hospital, Xuchang, Henan 430000, China
| | - Kunhou Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
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Newell S, van der Watt PJ, Leaner VD. Therapeutic targeting of nuclear export and import receptors in cancer and their potential in combination chemotherapy. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:4-25. [PMID: 37623925 PMCID: PMC10952567 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Systemic modalities are crucial in the management of disseminated malignancies and liquid tumours. However, patient responses and tolerability to treatment are generally poor and those that enter remission often return with refractory disease. Combination therapies provide a methodology to overcome chemoresistance mechanisms and address dose-limiting toxicities. A deeper understanding of tumorigenic processes at the molecular level has brought a targeted therapy approach to the forefront of cancer research, and novel cancer biomarkers are being identified at a rapid rate, with some showing potential therapeutic benefits. The Karyopherin superfamily of proteins is soluble receptors that mediate nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of proteins and RNAs, and recently, nuclear transport receptors have been recognized as novel anticancer targets. Inhibitors against nuclear export have been approved for clinical use against certain cancer types, whereas inhibitors against nuclear import are in preclinical stages of investigation. Mechanistically, targeting nucleocytoplasmic shuttling has shown to abrogate oncogenic signalling and restore tumour suppressor functions through nuclear sequestration of relevant proteins and mRNAs. Hence, nuclear transport inhibitors display broad spectrum anticancer activity and harbour potential to engage in synergistic interactions with a wide array of cytotoxic agents and other targeted agents. This review is focussed on the most researched nuclear transport receptors in the context of cancer, XPO1 and KPNB1, and highlights how inhibitors targeting these receptors can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of standard of care therapies and novel targeted agents in a combination therapy approach. Furthermore, an updated review on the therapeutic targeting of lesser characterized karyopherin proteins is provided and resistance to clinically approved nuclear export inhibitors is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Newell
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Pauline J. van der Watt
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Virna D. Leaner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- UCT/SAMRC Gynaecological Cancer Research CentreUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
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3
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Haidar R, Shabo R, Moeser M, Luch A, Kugler J. The nuclear entry of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) relies on the first nuclear localization signal and can be negatively regulated through IMPα/β specific inhibitors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19668. [PMID: 37951956 PMCID: PMC10640566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) undergoes continuous shuttling between nucleus and cytoplasm. Binding to exogenous or endogenous ligands promotes its rapid nuclear import. The proposed mechanism for the ligand-dependent import is based on exposing the bipartite nuclear localisation signal (NLS) to members of the importin (IMP) superfamily. Among this, the molecular interactions involved in the basal import still need to be clarified. Utilizing fluorescently fused AHR variants, we recapitulated and characterized AHR localization and nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling in living cells. Analysis of AHR variants carrying NLS point mutations demonstrated a mandatory role of first (13RKRRK17) and second (37KR-R40) NLS segments on the basal import of AHR. Further experiments indicated that ligand-induced import is mainly regulated through the first NLS, while the second NLS is supportive but not essential. Additionally, applying IMPα/β specific inhibitors, ivermectin (IVM) and importazole (IPZ), slowed down the ligand-induced import and, correspondingly, decreased the basal nuclear accumulation of the receptor. In conclusion, our data show that ligand-induced and basal nuclear entry of AHR rely on the same mechanism but are controlled uniquely by the two NLS components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashad Haidar
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Reneh Shabo
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Moeser
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josephine Kugler
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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4
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Shi Q, Lin M, Cheng X, Zhang Z, Deng S, Lang K, Yang Z, Sun X. KPNB1-mediated nuclear import in cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 955:175925. [PMID: 37473981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling impairs cellular homeostasis and promotes cancer development. KPNB1 is a member of karyopherin β family, mediating the transportation of proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In a variety of cancers, the expression of KPNB1 is upregulated to facilitate tumor growth and progression. Both downregulation of KPNB1 level and inhibition of KPNB1 activity prevent the entry of cancer-related transcription factors into the nucleus, subsequently suppressing the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells. Currently, five KPNB1 inhibitors have been reported and exhibited good efficacy against cancer. This paper provides an overview of the role and mechanism of KPNB1 in different cancers and KPNB1-targeted anticancer compounds which hold promise for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Mengxia Lin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Ziyuan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Shufen Deng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Ke Lang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Zhikun Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Xuanrong Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
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5
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Nakanishi A, Okumura H, Hashita T, Yamashita A, Nishimura Y, Watanabe C, Kamimura S, Hayashi S, Murakami S, Ito K, Iwao T, Ikeda A, Hirose T, Sunazuka T, Tanaka Y, Matsunaga T. Ivermectin Inhibits HBV Entry into the Nucleus by Suppressing KPNA2. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112468. [PMID: 36366568 PMCID: PMC9695645 DOI: 10.3390/v14112468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) specifically infects human hepatocytes and increases the risks of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Currently, nucleic acid analogs are the main therapeutics for chronic hepatitis caused by HBV infection. Although nucleic acid analogs can eliminate HBV DNA by inhibiting HBV reverse transcriptase, they cannot lead to negative conversion of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). In this study, we revealed that the antifilarial drug ivermectin suppresses HBV production by a different mechanism from the nucleic acid analog entecavir or Na+ taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide-mediated entry inhibitor cyclosporin A. Ivermectin reduced the levels of several HBV markers, including HBsAg, in HBV-infected human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2-hNTCP-C4 cells) and humanized mouse hepatocytes (PXB hepatocytes). In addition, ivermectin significantly decreased the expression of HBV core protein and the nuclear transporter karyopherin α2 (KPNA2) in the nuclei of HepG2-hNTCP-C4 cells. Furthermore, depletion of KPNA1-6 suppressed the production of cccDNA. These results suggest that KPNA1-6 is involved in the nuclear import of HBV and that ivermectin suppresses the nuclear import of HBV by inhibiting KPNA2. This study demonstrates the potential of ivermectin as a novel treatment for hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nakanishi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroki Okumura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Hashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
- Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (Y.T.)
| | - Aya Yamashita
- Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yuka Nishimura
- Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Chihiro Watanabe
- Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Sakina Kamimura
- Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Sanae Hayashi
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shuko Murakami
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ito
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
- Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Akari Ikeda
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirose
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Sunazuka
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (Y.T.)
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
- Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
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6
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KPNB1 modulates the Machado-Joseph disease protein ataxin-3 through activation of the mitochondrial protease CLPP. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:401. [PMID: 35794401 PMCID: PMC9259533 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Machado–Joseph disease (MJD) is characterized by a pathological expansion of the polyglutamine (polyQ) tract within the ataxin-3 protein. Despite its primarily cytoplasmic localization, polyQ-expanded ataxin-3 accumulates in the nucleus and forms intranuclear aggregates in the affected neurons. Due to these histopathological hallmarks, the nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery has garnered attention as an important disease relevant mechanism. Here, we report on MJD cell model-based analysis of the nuclear transport receptor karyopherin subunit beta-1 (KPNB1) and its implications in the molecular pathogenesis of MJD. Although directly interacting with both wild-type and polyQ-expanded ataxin-3, modulating KPNB1 did not alter the intracellular localization of ataxin-3. Instead, overexpression of KPNB1 reduced ataxin-3 protein levels and the aggregate load, thereby improving cell viability. On the other hand, its knockdown and inhibition resulted in the accumulation of soluble and insoluble ataxin-3. Interestingly, the reduction of ataxin-3 was apparently based on protein fragmentation independent of the classical MJD-associated proteolytic pathways. Label-free quantitative proteomics and knockdown experiments identified mitochondrial protease CLPP as a potential mediator of the ataxin-3-degrading effect induced by KPNB1. We confirmed reduction of KPNB1 protein levels in MJD by analyzing two MJD transgenic mouse models and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from MJD patients. Our results reveal a yet undescribed regulatory function of KPNB1 in controlling the turnover of ataxin-3, thereby highlighting a new potential target of therapeutic value for MJD.
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7
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Ou L, Wang X, Cheng S, Zhang M, Cui R, Hu C, Liu S, Tang Q, Peng Y, Chai R, Xie S, Wang S, Huang W, Wang X. Verdinexor, a Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Exportin 1, Inhibits the Proliferation and Migration of Esophageal Cancer via XPO1/c-Myc/FOSL1 Axis. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:276-291. [PMID: 34975332 PMCID: PMC8692140 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.66612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma (EC) ranks sixth among cancers in mortality worldwide and effective drugs to reduce EC incidence and mortality are lacking. To explore potential anti-esophageal cancer drugs, we conducted drug screening and discovered that verdinexor, a selective inhibitor of nuclear exportin 1 (XPO1/CRM1), has anti-esophageal cancer effects both in vivo and in vitro. However, the mechanism and role of verdinexor in esophageal cancer remain unknown. In the present study, we observed that verdinexor inhibited the proliferation and migration of EC cells in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Additionally, we found that verdinexor induced cleavage of PARP and downregulated XPO1, c-Myc, and FOSL1 expression. RNA-sequence analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis revealed that verdinexor regulated the XPO1/c-Myc/FOSL1 axis. The results of immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays confirmed that verdinexor disrupted the interaction between XPO1 and c-Myc. Overexpression of c-Myc rescued the inhibition of cell proliferation and cell migration caused by verdinexor. Overexpressed FOSL1 restored the inhibited migration by verdinexor. Taken together, verdinexor inhibited cell proliferation and migration of esophageal cancer via XPO1/c-Myc/FOSL1 axis. Our findings provide a new option for the development of anti-esophageal cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ou
- Bacteriology & Antibacterial Resistance Surveillance Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyou Wang
- The First District of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shumin Cheng
- Bacteriology & Antibacterial Resistance Surveillance Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Bacteriology & Antibacterial Resistance Surveillance Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruiqin Cui
- Bacteriology & Antibacterial Resistance Surveillance Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunxia Hu
- Bacteriology & Antibacterial Resistance Surveillance Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyi Liu
- Bacteriology & Antibacterial Resistance Surveillance Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuying Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruihuan Chai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shouxia Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaoxiang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Bacteriology & Antibacterial Resistance Surveillance Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
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8
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Azmi AS, Uddin MH, Mohammad RM. The nuclear export protein XPO1 - from biology to targeted therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:152-169. [PMID: 33173198 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-00442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exportin 1 (XPO1), also known as chromosome region maintenance protein 1, plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis via the regulated export of a range of cargoes, including proteins and several classes of RNAs, from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Dysregulation of this protein plays a pivotal role in the development of various solid and haematological malignancies. Furthermore, XPO1 is associated with resistance to several standard-of-care therapies, including chemotherapies and targeted therapies, making it an attractive target of novel cancer therapies. Over the years, a number of selective inhibitors of nuclear export have been developed. However, only selinexor has been clinically validated. The novel mechanism of action of XPO1 inhibitors implies a different toxicity profile to that of other agents and has proved challenging in certain settings. Nonetheless, data from clinical trials have led to the approval of the XPO1 inhibitor selinexor (plus dexamethasone) as a fifth-line therapy for patients with multiple myeloma and as a monotherapy for patients with relapsed and/or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma. In this Review, we summarize the progress and challenges in the development of nuclear export inhibitors and discuss the potential of emerging combination therapies and biomarkers of response.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dexamethasone/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Hematologic Neoplasms/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Hydrazines/therapeutic use
- Karyopherins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Karyopherins/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Triazoles/therapeutic use
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfar S Azmi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mohammed H Uddin
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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9
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Zhou Y, Liu F, Xu Q, Yang B, Li X, Jiang S, Hu L, Zhang X, Zhu L, Li Q, Zhu X, Shao H, Dai M, Shen Y, Ni B, Wang S, Zhang Z, Teng Y. Inhibiting Importin 4-mediated nuclear import of CEBPD enhances chemosensitivity by repression of PRKDC-driven DNA damage repair in cervical cancer. Oncogene 2020; 39:5633-5648. [PMID: 32661323 PMCID: PMC7441007 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1384-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) remains highest in the mortality of female reproductive system cancers, while cisplatin (CDDP) resistance is the one of main reasons for the lethality. Preceding evidence has supported that karyopherins are associated with chemoresistance. In this study, we simultaneously compared CDDP-incomplete responders with CDDP-complete responders of CC patients and CDDP‐insensitive CC cell lines with CDDP‐sensitive group. We finally identified that DNA-PKcs (PRKDC) was related to CDDP sensitivity after overlapping in CC sample tissues and CC cell lines. Further functional assay revealed that targeting PRKDC by shRNA and NU7026 (specific PRKDC inhibitor) could enhance CDDP sensitivity in vitro and in vivo, which was mediated by impairing DNA damage repair pathway in CC. Mechanistically, we found that PRKDC was transcriptionally upregulated by CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (CEBPD), while intriguingly, CDDP treatment strengthened the transcriptional activity of CEBPD to PRKDC. We further disclosed that Importin 4 (IPO4) augmented the nuclear translocation of CEBPD through nuclear localization signals (NLS) to activate PRKDC-mediated DNA damage repair in response to CDDP. Moreover, we demonstrated that IPO4 and CEBPD knockdown improved CDDP-induced cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Together, we shed the novel insight into the role of IPO4 in chemosensitivity and provide a clinical translational potential to enhance CC chemosensitivity since the IPO4-CEBPD-PRKDC axis is actionable via NU7026 (PRKDC inhibitor) or targeting IPO4 in combination with CDDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, PR China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, PR China.,Global Clinical Medical Affairs (GCMA), Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc. 7/F, Innov Tower, Zone A, No.1801 HongMei Rd. Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Qinyang Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Bikang Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Shuheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lipeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lili Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaolu Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Hongfang Shao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Miao Dai
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Yifei Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, PR China
| | - Bo Ni
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200217, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Jacobi medical center, bronx, New York, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Yincheng Teng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, PR China. .,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Shanghai, 200233, PR China.
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10
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Karyopherin-β1 Regulates Radioresistance and Radiation-Increased Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Expression in Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040908. [PMID: 32276424 PMCID: PMC7226044 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear transport receptors, such as karyopherin-β1 (KPNB1), play important roles in the nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of macromolecules. Recent evidence indicates the involvement of nuclear transport receptors in the progression of cancer, making these receptors promising targets for the treatment of cancer. Here, we investigated the anticancer effects of KPNB1 blockage or in combination with ionizing radiation on human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). HNSCC cell line SAS and Ca9-22 cells were used in this study. Importazole, an inhibitor of KPNB1, or knockdown of KPNB1 by siRNA transfection were applied for the blockage of KPNB1 functions. The roles of KPNB1 on apoptosis induction and cell surface expression levels of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in irradiated HNSCC cells were investigated. The major findings of this study are that (i) blockage of KPNB1 specifically enhanced the radiation-induced apoptosis and radiosensitivity of HNSCC cells; (ii) importazole elevated p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) expression via blocking the nuclear import of SCC-specific oncogene ΔNp63 in HNSCC cells; and (iii) blockage of KPNB1 attenuated the upregulation of cell surface PD-L1 expression on irradiated HNSCC cells. Taken together, these results suggest that co-treatment with KPNB1 blockage and ionizing radiation is a promising strategy for the treatment of HNSCC.
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11
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Depping R, von Fallois M, Landesman Y, Kosyna FK. The Nuclear Export Inhibitor Selinexor Inhibits Hypoxia Signaling Pathways And 3D Spheroid Growth Of Cancer Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:8387-8399. [PMID: 31632086 PMCID: PMC6793465 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s213208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The nucleocytoplasmic transport of macromolecules is critical for both cell physiology and pathophysiology. Exportin 1 (XPO1), the major nuclear export receptor, is involved in the cellular adaptation to reduced oxygen availability by controlling the nuclear activity of the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Recently, a specific inhibitor of XPO1, selinexor (KPT-330), has been identified that inhibits nuclear export of cargo proteins by binding to the XPO1 cargo-binding pocket. Patients and methods We used different cancer cell lines from human tissues and evaluated the physiological activity of selinexor on the hypoxia response pathway in two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cell cultures in quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR experiments and luciferase reporter gene assays. A three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroid culture model of MCF-7 breast cancer cells was established to analyze the effect of selinexor on 3D tumor spheroid structure, formation and viability. Results Selinexor treatment reduces HIF-transcriptional activity and expression of the HIF-1 target gene solute carrier family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1). Moreover, 3D tumor spheroid structure, formation and viability are inhibited in response to selinexor-induced nuclear export inhibition. Conclusion Here, we demonstrate the effect of specific XPO1-inhibition on the hypoxic response on the molecular level in 2D and 3D culture models of MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Depping
- Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Working Group Hypoxia, University of Lübeck, Lübeck D-23562, Germany
| | - Moritz von Fallois
- Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Working Group Hypoxia, University of Lübeck, Lübeck D-23562, Germany.,Clinic for Radiotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck D-23562, Germany
| | | | - Friederike Katharina Kosyna
- Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Working Group Hypoxia, University of Lübeck, Lübeck D-23562, Germany
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12
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Jans DA, Martin AJ, Wagstaff KM. Inhibitors of nuclear transport. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 58:50-60. [PMID: 30826604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Central to eukaryotic cell function, transport into and out of the nucleus is largely mediated by members of the Importin (IMP) superfamily of transporters of α- and β-types. The first inhibitor of nuclear transport, leptomycin B (LMB), was shown to be a specific inhibitor of the IMPβ homologue Exportin 1 (EXP1) almost 20 years ago, but it has only been in the last five or so years that new inhibitors of nuclear export as well as import have been identified and characterised. Of utility in biological research, these inhibitors include those that target-specific EXPs/IMPs, with accompanying toxicity profiles, as well as agents that specifically target particular nuclear import cargoes. Both types of inhibitors have begun to be tested in preclinical/clinical studies, with particular focus on limiting various types of cancer or treating viral infection, and the most advanced agent targeting EXP1 (Selinexor) has progressed successfully through >40 clinical trials for a range of high-grade cancers and is approaching FDA approval for a number of indications. Selectively inhibiting the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of specific proteins of interest remains a challenge, but progress in the area of the host-pathogen interface holds promise for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Jans
- Nuclear Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Alexander J Martin
- Nuclear Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kylie M Wagstaff
- Nuclear Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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13
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Yang J, Guo Y, Lu C, Zhang R, Wang Y, Luo L, Zhang Y, Chu CH, Wang KJ, Obbad S, Yan W, Li X. Inhibition of Karyopherin beta 1 suppresses prostate cancer growth. Oncogene 2019; 38:4700-4714. [PMID: 30742095 PMCID: PMC6565446 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) initiation and progression requires activation of numerous oncogenic signaling pathways. Nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of oncogenic factors is mediated by Karyopherin proteins during cell transformation. However, the role of nuclear transporter proteins in PCa progression has not been well defined. Here, we report that the KPNB1, a key member of Karyopherin beta subunits, is highly expressed in advanced prostate cancers. Further study showed that targeting KPNB1 suppressed the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. The knockdown of KPNB1 reduced nuclear translocation of c-Myc, the expression of downstream cell cycle modulators, and phosphorylation of regulator of chromatin condensation 1 (RCC1), a key protein for spindle assembly during mitosis. Meanwhile, CHIP assay demonstrated the binding of c-Myc to KPNB1 promoter region, which indicated a positive feedback regulation of KPNB1 expression mediated by the c-Myc. In addition, NF-κB subunit p50 translocation to nuclei was blocked by KPNB1 inhibition, which led to an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in tumor sphere formation of PCa cells. Furthermore, subcutaneous xenograft tumor models with a stable knockdown of KPNB1 in C42B PCa cells validated that the inhibition of KPNB1 could suppress the growth of prostate tumor in vivo. Moreover, the intravenously administration of importazole, a specific inhibitor for KPNB1, effectively reduced PCa tumor size and weight in mice inoculated with PC3 PCa cells. In summary, our data established the functional link between KPNB1 and PCa prone c-Myc, NF-kB, and cell cycle modulators. More importantly, inhibition of KPNB1 could be a new therapeutic target for PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Yuqi Guo
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Cuijie Lu
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Ruohan Zhang
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Yaoyu Wang
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Catherine H Chu
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Katherine J Wang
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Sabrine Obbad
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Wenbo Yan
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA. .,Department of Urology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA. .,Perlmutter Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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14
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Jans DA, Sobolev AS. Editorial: Targeted Subcellular Delivery of Anti-cancer Agents. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1577. [PMID: 30723414 PMCID: PMC6349720 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Jans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nuclear Signalling Laboratory, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: David A. Jans
| | - Alexander S. Sobolev
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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15
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Sheng KL, Pridham KJ, Sheng Z, Lamouille S, Varghese RT. Functional Blockade of Small GTPase RAN Inhibits Glioblastoma Cell Viability. Front Oncol 2019; 8:662. [PMID: 30671385 PMCID: PMC6331428 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most common malignant tumor in the brain, lacks effective treatments and is currently incurable. To identify novel drug targets for this deadly cancer, the publicly available results of RNA interference screens from the Project Achilles database were analyzed. Ten candidate genes were identified as survival genes in 15 glioblastoma cell lines. RAN, member RAS oncogene family (RAN) was expressed in glioblastoma at the highest level among all candidates based upon cDNA microarray data. However, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis did not show any correlation between RAN mRNA levels and patient survival. Because RAN is a small GTPase that regulates nuclear transport controlled by karyopherin subunit beta 1 (KPNB1), RAN was further analyzed together with KPNB1. Indeed, GBM patients with high levels of RAN also had more KPNB1 and levels of KPNB1 alone did not relate to patient prognosis. Through a Cox multivariate analysis, GBM patients with high levels of RAN and KPNB1 showed significantly shorter life expectancy when temozolomide and promoter methylation of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase were used as covariates. These results indicate that RAN and KPNB1 together are associated with drug resistance and GBM poor prognosis. Furthermore, the functional blockade of RAN and KPNB1 by importazole remarkably suppressed cell viability and activated apoptosis in GBM cells expressing high levels of RAN, while having a limited effect on astrocytes and GBM cells with undetectable RAN. Together, our results demonstrate that RAN activity is important for GBM survival and the functional blockade of RAN/KPNB1 is an appealing therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Sheng
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Kevin J Pridham
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Zhi Sheng
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.,Faculty of Health Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Samy Lamouille
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Robin T Varghese
- Department of Biological Affairs and Research, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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16
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Kosyna FK, Depping R. Controlling the Gatekeeper: Therapeutic Targeting of Nuclear Transport. Cells 2018; 7:cells7110221. [PMID: 30469340 PMCID: PMC6262578 DOI: 10.3390/cells7110221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear transport receptors of the karyopherin superfamily of proteins transport macromolecules from one compartment to the other and are critical for both cell physiology and pathophysiology. The nuclear transport machinery is tightly regulated and essential to a number of key cellular processes since the spatiotemporally expression of many proteins and the nuclear transporters themselves is crucial for cellular activities. Dysregulation of the nuclear transport machinery results in localization shifts of specific cargo proteins and associates with the pathogenesis of disease states such as cancer, inflammation, viral illness and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, inhibition of the nuclear transport system has future potential for therapeutic intervention and could contribute to the elucidation of disease mechanisms. In this review, we recapitulate clue findings in the pathophysiological significance of nuclear transport processes and describe the development of nuclear transport inhibitors. Finally, clinical implications and results of the first clinical trials are discussed for the most promising nuclear transport inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike K Kosyna
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Depping
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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17
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Carden S, van der Watt P, Chi A, Ajayi-Smith A, Hadley K, Leaner VD. A tight balance of Karyopherin β1 expression is required in cervical cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1123. [PMID: 30445944 PMCID: PMC6240311 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Karyopherin β1 (Kpnβ1) is the main nuclear import protein involved in the transport of cargoes from the cytoplasm into the cell nucleus. Previous research has found Kpnβ1 to be significantly overexpressed in cervical cancer and other cancer tissues, and further studies showed that inhibition of Kpnβ1 expression by siRNA resulted in cancer cell death, while non-cancer cells were minimally affected. These results suggest that Kpnβ1 has potential as an anticancer therapeutic target, thus warranting further research into the association between Kpnβ1 expression and cancer progression. Here, the biological effects associated with Kpnβ1 overexpression were investigated in order to further elucidate the relationship between Kpnβ1 and the cancer phenotype. Methods To evaluate the effect of Kpnβ1 overexpression on cell biology, cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell morphology and cell adhesion assays were performed. To determine whether Kpnβ1 overexpression influences cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents like Cisplatin, cell viability assays were performed. Expression levels of key proteins were analysed by Western blot analysis. Results Our data revealed that Kpnβ1 overexpression, above that which was already detected in cancer cells, resulted in reduced proliferation of cervical cancer cells. Likewise, normal epithelial cells showed reduced proliferation after Kpnβ1 overxpression. Reduced cancer cell proliferation was associated with a delay in cell cycle progression, as well as changes in the morphology and adhesion properties of cells. Additionally, Kpnβ1 overexpressing HeLa cells exhibited increased sensitivity to cisplatin, as shown by decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis, where p53 and p21 inhibition reduced and enhanced cell sensitivity to Cisplatin, respectively. Conclusions Overall, our results suggest that a tight balance of Kpnβ1 expression is required for cellular function, and that perturbation of this balance results in negative effects associated with a variety of biological processes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-5044-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Carden
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pauline van der Watt
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alicia Chi
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Aderonke Ajayi-Smith
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Katie Hadley
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Virna D Leaner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
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18
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Que KT, Zhou Y, You Y, Zhang Z, Zhao XP, Gong JP, Liu ZJ. MicroRNA-31-5p regulates chemosensitivity by preventing the nuclear location of PARP1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:268. [PMID: 30400960 PMCID: PMC6219257 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression and thereby contribute to the modulation of numerous complex and disease-relevant cellular processes, including cell proliferation, cell motility, apoptosis and stress response. miRNA-31-5p is encoded on a genomic fragile site, 9p21.3, which is reportedly lost in many hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors. Based on previous findings, we hypothesized that miR-31-5p alters chemosensitivity and that miR-31-5p mimics may influence sensitivity to chemotherapeutics in HCC as well as in a variety of other cancers. METHODS MiR-31-5p and PARP1 in HCC tissues were tested by RT-PCR and histological analysis, respectively. Next, clonogenic assay and western blot were used to detect miR-31-5p and PARP1 to modulate sensitivity to OXA-based chemotherapy. The distribution of OXA in the nuclear and intracellular was detected by ICP-MS. Coimmunoprecipitation was used to characterize the protein-protein interaction between PARP1 and ABCB9. A xenograft nude mouse model was used to examine the in vivo effects of miR-31-5p. RESULTS Reintroduction of miR-31-5p into miR-31-5p-null Hep3B cells significantly enhanced clonogenic resistance to oxaliplatin. Although miR-31-5p re-expression increased chemoresistance, it paradoxically increased the relative intracellular accumulation of oxaliplatin. This effect was coupled with a significantly decreased intranuclear concentration of oxaliplatin by ICP-MS. miR-31-5p prevents the nuclear location of PARP1 detected by immunofluorescence, histological analysis and Western blotting analysis. We subsequently identified an indirect miR-31-5p-mediated upregulation of ABCB9, which is a transporter associated with drug accumulation in lysosomes, along with an increased uptake of oxaliplatin to lysosomes; these phenomena were associated with a downregulation of PARP1, a bipotential transcriptional regulator with multiple miR-31-5p binding sites. However, the indirect overexpression of ABCB9 promoted cellular chemosensitivity, suggesting that miR-31-5p promotes chemoresistance largely via an ABCB9-independent mechanism. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data suggest that the loss of miR-31-5p from HCC tumors promotes chemosensitivity, and this knowledge may be prognostically beneficial in the context of therapeutic sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Ting Que
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yu You
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Jian-Ping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Zuo-Jin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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19
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Zhu ZC, Liu JW, Li K, Zheng J, Xiong ZQ. KPNB1 inhibition disrupts proteostasis and triggers unfolded protein response-mediated apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. Oncogene 2018; 37:2936-2952. [PMID: 29520102 PMCID: PMC5978811 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear import receptor karyopherin β1 (KPNB1) is involved in the nuclear import of most proteins and in the regulation of multiple mitotic events. Upregulation of KPNB1 has been observed in cancers including glioblastoma. Depletion of KPNB1 induces mitotic arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells, but the underlying mechanism is not clearly elucidated. Here, we found that downregulation and functional inhibition of KPNB1 in glioblastoma cells induced growth arrest and apoptosis without apparent mitotic arrest. KPNB1 inhibition upregulated Puma and Noxa and freed Mcl-1-sequestered Bax and Bak, leading to mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and apoptosis. Moreover, combination of Bcl-xL inhibitors and KPNB1 inhibition enhanced apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. KPNB1 inhibition promoted cytosolic retention of its cargo and impaired cellular proteostasis, resulting in elevated polyubiquitination, formation of aggresome-like-induced structure (ALIS), and unfolded protein response (UPR). Ubiquitination elevation and UPR activation in KPNB1-deficient cells were reversed by KPNB1 overexpression or inhibitors of protein synthesis but aggravated by inhibitors of autophagy-lysosome or proteasome, indicating that rebalance of cytosolic/nuclear protein distribution and alleviation of protein overload favor proteostasis and cell survival. Chronic activation of eIF2α/ATF4 cascade of UPR was responsible for the upregulation of Puma and Noxa, apoptosis and ABT-263 sensitivity. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that KPNB1 is required for proteostasis maintenance and its inhibition induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells through UPR-mediated deregulation of Bcl-2 family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chuan Zhu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Wei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Kui Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Xiong
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
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Di Francesco L, Verrico A, Asteriti IA, Rovella P, Cirigliano P, Guarguaglini G, Schininà ME, Lavia P. Visualization of human karyopherin beta-1/importin beta-1 interactions with protein partners in mitotic cells by co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1850. [PMID: 29382863 PMCID: PMC5789818 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Karyopherin beta-1/Importin beta-1 is a conserved nuclear transport receptor, acting in protein nuclear import in interphase and as a global regulator of mitosis. These pleiotropic functions reflect its ability to interact with, and regulate, different pathways during the cell cycle, operating as a major effector of the GTPase RAN. Importin beta-1 is overexpressed in cancers characterized by high genetic instability, an observation that highlights the importance of identifying its partners in mitosis. Here we present the first comprehensive profile of importin beta-1 interactors from human mitotic cells. By combining co-immunoprecipitation and proteome-wide mass spectrometry analysis of synchronized cell extracts, we identified expected (e.g., RAN and SUMO pathway factors) and novel mitotic interactors of importin beta-1, many with RNA-binding ability, that had not been previously associated with importin beta-1. These data complement interactomic studies of interphase transport pathways. We further developed automated proximity ligation assay (PLA) protocols to validate selected interactors. We succeeded in obtaining spatial and temporal resolution of genuine importin beta-1 interactions, which were visualized and localized in situ in intact mitotic cells. Further developments of PLA protocols will be helpful to dissect importin beta-1-orchestrated pathways during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Francesco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Verrico
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Italia Anna Asteriti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rovella
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Guarguaglini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Eugenia Schininà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Lavia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Jans DA, Martin AJ. Nucleocytoplasmic Trafficking of Dengue Non-structural Protein 5 as a Target for Antivirals. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1062:199-213. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-8727-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sheng C, Qiu J, He Z, Wang H, Wang Q, Guo Z, Zhu L, Ni Q. Suppression of Kpnβ1 expression inhibits human breast cancer cell proliferation by abrogating nuclear transport of Her2. Oncol Rep 2017; 39:554-564. [PMID: 29251332 PMCID: PMC5783623 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most fatal diseases and poses critical health problems worldwide. However, its mechanisms remain unclear. Consequently, there is an urgency to investigate the mechanisms involved in BC initiation and progression and identify novel therapeutics for its prevention and treatment. In this study, we identified karyopherin β-1 (Kpnβ1) as a possible novel therapeutic target for BC. Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression of Kpnβ1 in four pairs of tumorous and adjacent non-tumorous tissues. The results revealed that the protein level of Kpnβ1 was higher in the cancer samples compared with those in the corresponding normal samples. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 140 BC cases and indicated that Kpnβ1 was significantly associated with clinical pathological variables. Kaplan-Meier curve revealed that high expression of Kpnβ1 was related to poor BC patient prognosis. A starvation and re-feeding assay was used to imitate the cell cycle using the SKBR-3 cell line, indicating that Kpnβ1 plays a critical role in cell proliferation. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay revealed that SKBR-3 cells treated with Kpnβ1-siRNA (siKpnβ1) grew more slowly than the control cells, while flow cytometry revealed that low-Kpnβ1 expressing SKBR-3 cells exhibited increased BC cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the interaction between Kpnβ1 and Her2 was clearly observed by immunoprecipitation, indicating that Kpnβ1-knockdown abrogated nuclear transport of Her2. In summary, our findings revealed that Kpnβ1 is involved in the progression of BC and may be a useful therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Qiu
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Zhixian He
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Zengya Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Tongzhou People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226300, P.R. China
| | - Lianxin Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lu'an People's Hospital Tumor Center, The Lu'an Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, Anhui 237000, P.R. China
| | - Qichao Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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23
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Burton LJ, Henderson V, Liburd L, Odero-Marah VA. Snail transcription factor NLS and importin β1 regulate the subcellular localization of Cathepsin L and Cux1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:59-64. [PMID: 28698143 PMCID: PMC5568889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several recent studies have highlighted an additional unexpected localization and site of action for Cathepsin L (Cat L) protease within the nucleus in breast, colon and prostate cancer, however, its role in the nucleus was unclear. It was proposed to mediate proteolytic processing of the transcription factor CCAAT-displacement protein/cut homeobox transcription factor (Cux1) from the full-length p200 isoform to generate the p110 and p90 isoforms, of which the p110 isoform was shown to act as a cell cycle regulator to accelerate entry into the S phase. The p110 isoform has also been shown to bind to the promoter regions of Snail and E-cadherin to activate Snail and inactivate E-cadherin transcription, thus promoting epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistic studies on what drives Cat L nuclear localization have not been reported. Our hypothesis is that Snail shuttles into the nucleus with Cat L through binding to importin-β. Snail knockdown with siRNA in MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells led to nuclear to cytoplasmic shuttling of Cat L and decreased levels of Cux1, while overexpression of Snail in MCF-7 breast cancer cells or HEK-293 human embryonic kidney cells led to increased nuclear expression of both Cat L and Cux1. Additionally, transient transfection of Snail NLS mutants not only abrogated Snail nuclear localization but also nuclear localization of Cat L and Cux1. Interestingly, importin β1 knockdown with siRNA decreased Snail and Cux1 levels, as well as nuclear localization of Cat L. Therefore, we show for the first time that the nuclear localization of Cat L and its substrate Cux1can be positively regulated by Snail NLS and importin β1, suggesting that Snail, Cat L and Cux1 all utilize importin β1 for nuclear import.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza J Burton
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Veronica Henderson
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Latiffa Liburd
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Valerie A Odero-Marah
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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24
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Moody HL, Lind MJ, Maher SG. MicroRNA-31 Regulates Chemosensitivity in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 8:317-329. [PMID: 28918032 PMCID: PMC5537169 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is associated with an extremely poor prognosis, and most patients initially are or rapidly become unresponsive to platinum-based chemotherapy. MicroRNA-31 (miR-31) is encoded on a genomic fragile site, 9p21.3, which is reportedly lost in many MPM tumors. Based on previous findings in a variety of other cancers, we hypothesized that miR-31 alters chemosensitivity and that miR-31 reconstitution may influence sensitivity to chemotherapeutics in MPM. Reintroduction of miR-31 into miR-31 null NCI-H2452 cells significantly enhanced clonogenic resistance to cisplatin and carboplatin. Although miR-31 re-expression increased chemoresistance, paradoxically, a higher relative intracellular accumulation of platinum was detected. This was coupled to a significantly decreased intranuclear concentration of platinum. Linked with a downregulation of OCT1, a bipotential transcriptional regulator with multiple miR-31 target binding sites, we subsequently identified an indirect miR-31-mediated upregulation of ABCB9, a transporter associated with drug accumulation in lysosomes, and increased uptake of platinum to lysosomes. However, when overexpressed directly, ABCB9 promoted cellular chemosensitivity, suggesting that miR-31 promotes chemoresistance largely via an ABCB9-independent mechanism. Overall, our data suggest that miR-31 loss from MPM tumors promotes chemosensitivity and may be prognostically beneficial in the context of therapeutic sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Moody
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK; Hull York Medical School, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Michael J Lind
- Hull York Medical School, Hull HU6 7RX, UK; Centre for Oncology and Haematology, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust, Cottingham HU16 5JQ, UK
| | - Stephen G Maher
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK; Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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25
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Stelma T, Chi A, van der Watt PJ, Verrico A, Lavia P, Leaner VD. Targeting nuclear transporters in cancer: Diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:268-80. [PMID: 26970212 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Karyopherin superfamily is a major class of soluble transport receptors consisting of both import and export proteins. The trafficking of proteins involved in transcription, cell signalling and cell cycle regulation among other functions across the nuclear membrane is essential for normal cellular functioning. However, in cancer cells, the altered expression or localization of nuclear transporters as well as the disruption of endogenous nuclear transport inhibitors are some ways in which the Karyopherin proteins are dysregulated. The value of nuclear transporters in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer is currently being elucidated with recent studies highlighting their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Stelma
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alicia Chi
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pauline J van der Watt
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Annalisa Verrico
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, C/O University of Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lavia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, C/O University of Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Virna D Leaner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Dickmanns A, Monecke T, Ficner R. Structural Basis of Targeting the Exportin CRM1 in Cancer. Cells 2015; 4:538-68. [PMID: 26402707 PMCID: PMC4588050 DOI: 10.3390/cells4030538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the interference of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking with the establishment and maintenance of various cancers. Nucleocytoplasmic transport is highly regulated and coordinated, involving different nuclear transport factors or receptors, importins and exportins, that mediate cargo transport from the cytoplasm into the nucleus or the other way round, respectively. The exportin CRM1 (Chromosome region maintenance 1) exports a plethora of different protein cargoes and ribonucleoprotein complexes. Structural and biochemical analyses have enabled the deduction of individual steps of the CRM1 transport cycle. In addition, CRM1 turned out to be a valid target for anticancer drugs as it exports numerous proto-oncoproteins and tumor suppressors. Clearly, detailed understanding of the flexibility, regulatory features and cooperative binding properties of CRM1 for Ran and cargo is a prerequisite for the design of highly effective drugs. The first compound found to inhibit CRM1-dependent nuclear export was the natural drug Leptomycin B (LMB), which blocks export by competitively interacting with a highly conserved cleft on CRM1 required for nuclear export signal recognition. Clinical studies revealed serious side effects of LMB, leading to a search for alternative natural and synthetic drugs and hence a multitude of novel therapeutics. The present review examines recent progress in understanding the binding mode of natural and synthetic compounds and their inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Dickmanns
- Abteilung für Molekulare Strukturbiologie, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, GZMB, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
| | - Thomas Monecke
- Abteilung für Molekulare Strukturbiologie, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, GZMB, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
| | - Ralf Ficner
- Abteilung für Molekulare Strukturbiologie, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, GZMB, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
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